Articles | Volume 20, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1777-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1777-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
14 Feb 2020
Research article |
| 14 Feb 2020
| 14 Feb 2020
The global impact of bacterial processes on carbon mass
Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma-Clermont, Institut de Chimie
de Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma-Clermont, Institut de Chimie
de Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
Related authors
Barbara Ervens, Andrew Rickard, Bernard Aumont, William P. L. Carter, Max McGillen, Abdelwahid Mellouki, John Orlando, Bénédicte Picquet-Varrault, Paul Seakins, William Stockwell, Luc Vereecken, and Tim Wallington
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1316, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1316, 2024
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Chemical mechanisms describe the chemical processes in atmospheric models that are used to describe the changes of the atmospheric composition. Therefore, accurate chemical mechanisms are necessary to predict the evolution of air pollution and climate change. The article describes all steps that are needed to build chemical mechanisms and discusses advances and needs of experimental and theoretical research activities needed to build reliable chemical mechanisms.
Leslie Nuñez López, Pierre Amato, and Barbara Ervens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5181–5198, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5181-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5181-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Living bacteria comprise a small particle fraction in the atmosphere. Our model study shows that atmospheric bacteria in clouds may efficiently biodegrade formic and acetic acids that affect the acidity of rain. We conclude that current atmospheric models underestimate losses of these acids as they only consider chemical processes. We suggest that biodegradation can affect atmospheric concentration not only of formic and acetic acids but also of other volatile, moderately soluble organics.
Amina Khaled, Minghui Zhang, and Barbara Ervens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1989–2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1989-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1989-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Chemical reactions with iron in clouds and aerosol form and cycle reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous model studies assumed that all cloud droplets (particles) contain iron, while single-particle analyses showed otherwise. By means of a model, we explore the bias in predicted ROS budgets by distributing a given iron mass to either all or only a few droplets (particles). Implications for oxidation potential, radical loss and iron oxidation state are discussed.
Ramon Campos Braga, Barbara Ervens, Daniel Rosenfeld, Meinrat O. Andreae, Jan-David Förster, Daniel Fütterer, Lianet Hernández Pardo, Bruna A. Holanda, Tina Jurkat-Witschas, Ovid O. Krüger, Oliver Lauer, Luiz A. T. Machado, Christopher Pöhlker, Daniel Sauer, Christiane Voigt, Adrian Walser, Manfred Wendisch, Ulrich Pöschl, and Mira L. Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17513–17528, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17513-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17513-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Interactions of aerosol particles with clouds represent a large uncertainty in estimates of climate change. Properties of aerosol particles control their ability to act as cloud condensation nuclei. Using aerosol measurements in the Amazon, we performed model studies to compare predicted and measured cloud droplet number concentrations at cloud bases. Our results confirm previous estimates of particle hygroscopicity in this region.
Ramon Campos Braga, Daniel Rosenfeld, Ovid O. Krüger, Barbara Ervens, Bruna A. Holanda, Manfred Wendisch, Trismono Krisna, Ulrich Pöschl, Meinrat O. Andreae, Christiane Voigt, and Mira L. Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14079–14088, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14079-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14079-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying the precipitation within clouds is crucial for our understanding of the Earth's hydrological cycle. Using in situ measurements of cloud and rain properties over the Amazon Basin and Atlantic Ocean, we show here a linear relationship between the effective radius (re) and precipitation water content near the tops of convective clouds for different pollution states and temperature levels. Our results emphasize the role of re to determine both initiation and amount of precipitation.
Mira L. Pöhlker, Minghui Zhang, Ramon Campos Braga, Ovid O. Krüger, Ulrich Pöschl, and Barbara Ervens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11723–11740, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11723-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11723-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Clouds cool our atmosphere. The role of small aerosol particles in affecting them represents one of the largest uncertainties in current estimates of climate change. Traditionally it is assumed that cloud droplets only form particles of diameters ~ 100 nm (
accumulation mode). Previous studies suggest that this can also occur in smaller particles (
Aitken mode). Our study provides a general framework to estimate under which aerosol and cloud conditions Aitken mode particles affect clouds.
Minghui Zhang, Amina Khaled, Pierre Amato, Anne-Marie Delort, and Barbara Ervens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3699–3724, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3699-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3699-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Although primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs, bioaerosols) represent a small fraction of total atmospheric aerosol burden, they might affect climate and public health. We summarize which PBAP properties are important to affect their inclusion in clouds and interaction with light and might also affect their residence time and transport in the atmosphere. Our study highlights that not only chemical and physical but also biological processes can modify these physicochemical properties.
Amina Khaled, Minghui Zhang, Pierre Amato, Anne-Marie Delort, and Barbara Ervens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3123–3141, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3123-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3123-2021, 2021
Saly Jaber, Muriel Joly, Maxence Brissy, Martin Leremboure, Amina Khaled, Barbara Ervens, and Anne-Marie Delort
Biogeosciences, 18, 1067–1080, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1067-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1067-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Our study is of interest to atmospheric scientists and environmental microbiologists, as we show that clouds can be considered a medium where bacteria efficiently degrade and transform amino acids, in competition with chemical processes. As current atmospheric multiphase models are restricted to chemical degradation of organic compounds, our conclusions motivate further model development.
Saly Jaber, Audrey Lallement, Martine Sancelme, Martin Leremboure, Gilles Mailhot, Barbara Ervens, and Anne-Marie Delort
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4987–4997, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4987-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4987-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Current atmospheric multiphase models do not include biotransformations of organic compounds by bacteria, although many previous studies of our and other research groups have shown microbial activity in cloud water. The current lab/model study shows that for water-soluble aromatic compounds, biodegradation by bacteria may be as efficient as chemical reactions in cloud water.
Barbara Ervens, Armin Sorooshian, Abdulmonam M. Aldhaif, Taylor Shingler, Ewan Crosbie, Luke Ziemba, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jose L. Jimenez, and Armin Wisthaler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 16099–16119, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16099-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16099-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents a new framework that can be used to identify emission scenarios in which aerosol populations are most likely modified by chemical processes in clouds. We show that in neither very polluted nor in very clean air masses is this the case. Only if the ratio of possible aerosol mass precursors (sulfur dioxide, some organics) and preexisting aerosol mass is sufficiently high will aerosol particles show substantially modified physicochemical properties upon cloud processing.
B. Ervens, P. Renard, S. Tlili, S. Ravier, J.-L. Clément, and A. Monod
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9109–9127, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9109-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9109-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A detailed chemical mechanism is developed based on laboratory studies that predicts the formation of high molecular weight compounds in the aqueous phase of atmospheric aerosol particles. Model simulations using this mechanism for atmospheric conditions show that these pathways are likely not a substantial source of particle mass, unless unidentified precursors for these compounds exist that were not taken into account so far and/or the solubility of oxygen in aerosol water is overestimated.
B. Yuan, P. R. Veres, C. Warneke, J. M. Roberts, J. B. Gilman, A. Koss, P. M. Edwards, M. Graus, W. C. Kuster, S.-M. Li, R. J. Wild, S. S. Brown, W. P. Dubé, B. M. Lerner, E. J. Williams, J. E. Johnson, P. K. Quinn, T. S. Bates, B. Lefer, P. L. Hayes, J. L. Jimenez, R. J. Weber, R. Zamora, B. Ervens, D. B. Millet, B. Rappenglück, and J. A. de Gouw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1975–1993, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1975-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1975-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, secondary formation of formic acid at an urban site and a site in an oil and gas production region is studied. We investigated various gas phase formation pathways of formic acid, including those recently proposed, using a box model. The contributions from aerosol-related processes, fog events and air-snow exchange to formic acid are also quantified.
B. Ervens, Y. Wang, J. Eagar, W. R. Leaitch, A. M. Macdonald, K. T. Valsaraj, and P. Herckes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5117–5135, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5117-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5117-2013, 2013
Barbara Ervens, Andrew Rickard, Bernard Aumont, William P. L. Carter, Max McGillen, Abdelwahid Mellouki, John Orlando, Bénédicte Picquet-Varrault, Paul Seakins, William Stockwell, Luc Vereecken, and Tim Wallington
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1316, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1316, 2024
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Chemical mechanisms describe the chemical processes in atmospheric models that are used to describe the changes of the atmospheric composition. Therefore, accurate chemical mechanisms are necessary to predict the evolution of air pollution and climate change. The article describes all steps that are needed to build chemical mechanisms and discusses advances and needs of experimental and theoretical research activities needed to build reliable chemical mechanisms.
Leslie Nuñez López, Pierre Amato, and Barbara Ervens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5181–5198, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5181-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5181-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Living bacteria comprise a small particle fraction in the atmosphere. Our model study shows that atmospheric bacteria in clouds may efficiently biodegrade formic and acetic acids that affect the acidity of rain. We conclude that current atmospheric models underestimate losses of these acids as they only consider chemical processes. We suggest that biodegradation can affect atmospheric concentration not only of formic and acetic acids but also of other volatile, moderately soluble organics.
Maud Leriche, Pierre Tulet, Laurent Deguillaume, Frédéric Burnet, Aurélie Colomb, Agnès Borbon, Corinne Jambert, Valentin Duflot, Stéphan Houdier, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Mickaël Vaïtilingom, Pamela Dominutti, Manon Rocco, Camille Mouchel-Vallon, Samira El Gdachi, Maxence Brissy, Maroua Fathalli, Nicolas Maury, Bert Verreyken, Crist Amelynck, Niels Schoon, Valérie Gros, Jean-Marc Pichon, Mickael Ribeiro, Eric Pique, Emmanuel Leclerc, Thierry Bourrianne, Axel Roy, Eric Moulin, Joël Barrie, Jean-Marc Metzger, Guillaume Péris, Christian Guadagno, Chatrapatty Bhugwant, Jean-Mathieu Tibere, Arnaud Tournigand, Evelyn Freney, Karine Sellegri, Anne-Marie Delort, Pierre Amato, Muriel Joly, Jean-Luc Baray, Pascal Renard, Angelica Bianco, Anne Réchou, and Guillaume Payen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4129–4155, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4129-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4129-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles in the atmosphere play a key role in climate change and air pollution. A large number of aerosol particles are formed from the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs and secondary organic aerosols – SOA). An important field campaign was organized on Réunion in March–April 2019 to understand the formation of SOA in a tropical atmosphere mostly influenced by VOCs emitted by forest and in the presence of clouds. This work synthesizes the results of this campaign.
Amina Khaled, Minghui Zhang, and Barbara Ervens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1989–2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1989-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1989-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Chemical reactions with iron in clouds and aerosol form and cycle reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous model studies assumed that all cloud droplets (particles) contain iron, while single-particle analyses showed otherwise. By means of a model, we explore the bias in predicted ROS budgets by distributing a given iron mass to either all or only a few droplets (particles). Implications for oxidation potential, radical loss and iron oxidation state are discussed.
Ramon Campos Braga, Barbara Ervens, Daniel Rosenfeld, Meinrat O. Andreae, Jan-David Förster, Daniel Fütterer, Lianet Hernández Pardo, Bruna A. Holanda, Tina Jurkat-Witschas, Ovid O. Krüger, Oliver Lauer, Luiz A. T. Machado, Christopher Pöhlker, Daniel Sauer, Christiane Voigt, Adrian Walser, Manfred Wendisch, Ulrich Pöschl, and Mira L. Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17513–17528, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17513-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17513-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Interactions of aerosol particles with clouds represent a large uncertainty in estimates of climate change. Properties of aerosol particles control their ability to act as cloud condensation nuclei. Using aerosol measurements in the Amazon, we performed model studies to compare predicted and measured cloud droplet number concentrations at cloud bases. Our results confirm previous estimates of particle hygroscopicity in this region.
Soleil E. Worthy, Anand Kumar, Yu Xi, Jingwei Yun, Jessie Chen, Cuishan Xu, Victoria E. Irish, Pierre Amato, and Allan K. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14631–14648, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14631-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14631-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the effect of (NH4)2SO4 on the immersion freezing of non-mineral dust ice-nucleating substances (INSs) and mineral dusts. (NH4)2SO4 had no effect on the median freezing temperature of 9 of the 10 tested non-mineral dust INSs, slightly decreased that of the other, and increased that of all the mineral dusts. The difference in the response of mineral dust and non-mineral dust INSs to (NH4)2SO4 suggests that they nucleate ice and/or interact with (NH4)2SO4 via different mechanisms.
Ramon Campos Braga, Daniel Rosenfeld, Ovid O. Krüger, Barbara Ervens, Bruna A. Holanda, Manfred Wendisch, Trismono Krisna, Ulrich Pöschl, Meinrat O. Andreae, Christiane Voigt, and Mira L. Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14079–14088, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14079-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14079-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying the precipitation within clouds is crucial for our understanding of the Earth's hydrological cycle. Using in situ measurements of cloud and rain properties over the Amazon Basin and Atlantic Ocean, we show here a linear relationship between the effective radius (re) and precipitation water content near the tops of convective clouds for different pollution states and temperature levels. Our results emphasize the role of re to determine both initiation and amount of precipitation.
Mira L. Pöhlker, Minghui Zhang, Ramon Campos Braga, Ovid O. Krüger, Ulrich Pöschl, and Barbara Ervens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11723–11740, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11723-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11723-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Clouds cool our atmosphere. The role of small aerosol particles in affecting them represents one of the largest uncertainties in current estimates of climate change. Traditionally it is assumed that cloud droplets only form particles of diameters ~ 100 nm (
accumulation mode). Previous studies suggest that this can also occur in smaller particles (
Aitken mode). Our study provides a general framework to estimate under which aerosol and cloud conditions Aitken mode particles affect clouds.
Minghui Zhang, Amina Khaled, Pierre Amato, Anne-Marie Delort, and Barbara Ervens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3699–3724, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3699-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3699-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Although primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs, bioaerosols) represent a small fraction of total atmospheric aerosol burden, they might affect climate and public health. We summarize which PBAP properties are important to affect their inclusion in clouds and interaction with light and might also affect their residence time and transport in the atmosphere. Our study highlights that not only chemical and physical but also biological processes can modify these physicochemical properties.
Amina Khaled, Minghui Zhang, Pierre Amato, Anne-Marie Delort, and Barbara Ervens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3123–3141, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3123-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3123-2021, 2021
Saly Jaber, Muriel Joly, Maxence Brissy, Martin Leremboure, Amina Khaled, Barbara Ervens, and Anne-Marie Delort
Biogeosciences, 18, 1067–1080, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1067-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1067-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Our study is of interest to atmospheric scientists and environmental microbiologists, as we show that clouds can be considered a medium where bacteria efficiently degrade and transform amino acids, in competition with chemical processes. As current atmospheric multiphase models are restricted to chemical degradation of organic compounds, our conclusions motivate further model development.
Jean-Luc Baray, Laurent Deguillaume, Aurélie Colomb, Karine Sellegri, Evelyn Freney, Clémence Rose, Joël Van Baelen, Jean-Marc Pichon, David Picard, Patrick Fréville, Laëtitia Bouvier, Mickaël Ribeiro, Pierre Amato, Sandra Banson, Angelica Bianco, Agnès Borbon, Lauréline Bourcier, Yannick Bras, Marcello Brigante, Philippe Cacault, Aurélien Chauvigné, Tiffany Charbouillot, Nadine Chaumerliac, Anne-Marie Delort, Marc Delmotte, Régis Dupuy, Antoine Farah, Guy Febvre, Andrea Flossmann, Christophe Gourbeyre, Claude Hervier, Maxime Hervo, Nathalie Huret, Muriel Joly, Victor Kazan, Morgan Lopez, Gilles Mailhot, Angela Marinoni, Olivier Masson, Nadège Montoux, Marius Parazols, Frédéric Peyrin, Yves Pointin, Michel Ramonet, Manon Rocco, Martine Sancelme, Stéphane Sauvage, Martina Schmidt, Emmanuel Tison, Mickaël Vaïtilingom, Paolo Villani, Miao Wang, Camille Yver-Kwok, and Paolo Laj
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 3413–3445, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3413-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3413-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
CO-PDD (Cézeaux-Aulnat-Opme-puy de Dôme) is a fully instrumented platform for atmospheric research. The four sites located at different altitudes from 330 to 1465 m around Clermont-Ferrand (France) host in situ and remote sensing instruments to measure atmospheric composition, including long-term trends and variability, to study interconnected processes (microphysical, chemical, biological, chemical, and dynamical) and to provide a reference point for climate models.
Saly Jaber, Audrey Lallement, Martine Sancelme, Martin Leremboure, Gilles Mailhot, Barbara Ervens, and Anne-Marie Delort
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4987–4997, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4987-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4987-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Current atmospheric multiphase models do not include biotransformations of organic compounds by bacteria, although many previous studies of our and other research groups have shown microbial activity in cloud water. The current lab/model study shows that for water-soluble aromatic compounds, biodegradation by bacteria may be as efficient as chemical reactions in cloud water.
Barbara Ervens, Armin Sorooshian, Abdulmonam M. Aldhaif, Taylor Shingler, Ewan Crosbie, Luke Ziemba, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jose L. Jimenez, and Armin Wisthaler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 16099–16119, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16099-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16099-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents a new framework that can be used to identify emission scenarios in which aerosol populations are most likely modified by chemical processes in clouds. We show that in neither very polluted nor in very clean air masses is this the case. Only if the ratio of possible aerosol mass precursors (sulfur dioxide, some organics) and preexisting aerosol mass is sufficiently high will aerosol particles show substantially modified physicochemical properties upon cloud processing.
Audrey Lallement, Ludovic Besaury, Elise Tixier, Martine Sancelme, Pierre Amato, Virginie Vinatier, Isabelle Canet, Olga V. Polyakova, Viatcheslay B. Artaev, Albert T. Lebedev, Laurent Deguillaume, Gilles Mailhot, and Anne-Marie Delort
Biogeosciences, 15, 5733–5744, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5733-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5733-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The main objective of this work was to evaluate the potential degradation of phenol, a highly toxic pollutant, by cloud microorganisms. Phenol concentrations measured on five cloud samples collected at the PUY station in France were from 0.15 to 0.74 µg L−1. Metatranscriptomic analysis suggested that phenol could be biodegraded directly in clouds, likely by Gammaproteobacteria. A large screening showed that 93 % of 145 bacterial strains isolated from clouds were able to degrade phenol.
B. Ervens, P. Renard, S. Tlili, S. Ravier, J.-L. Clément, and A. Monod
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9109–9127, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9109-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9109-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A detailed chemical mechanism is developed based on laboratory studies that predicts the formation of high molecular weight compounds in the aqueous phase of atmospheric aerosol particles. Model simulations using this mechanism for atmospheric conditions show that these pathways are likely not a substantial source of particle mass, unless unidentified precursors for these compounds exist that were not taken into account so far and/or the solubility of oxygen in aerosol water is overestimated.
B. Yuan, P. R. Veres, C. Warneke, J. M. Roberts, J. B. Gilman, A. Koss, P. M. Edwards, M. Graus, W. C. Kuster, S.-M. Li, R. J. Wild, S. S. Brown, W. P. Dubé, B. M. Lerner, E. J. Williams, J. E. Johnson, P. K. Quinn, T. S. Bates, B. Lefer, P. L. Hayes, J. L. Jimenez, R. J. Weber, R. Zamora, B. Ervens, D. B. Millet, B. Rappenglück, and J. A. de Gouw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1975–1993, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1975-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1975-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, secondary formation of formic acid at an urban site and a site in an oil and gas production region is studied. We investigated various gas phase formation pathways of formic acid, including those recently proposed, using a box model. The contributions from aerosol-related processes, fog events and air-snow exchange to formic acid are also quantified.
B. Ervens, Y. Wang, J. Eagar, W. R. Leaitch, A. M. Macdonald, K. T. Valsaraj, and P. Herckes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5117–5135, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5117-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5117-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Atmospheric Modelling and Data Analysis | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Global estimates of ambient reactive nitrogen components during 2000–2100 based on the multi-stage model
The role of naphthalene and its derivatives in the formation of secondary organic aerosol in the Yangtze River Delta region, China
Unveiling the optimal regression model for source apportionment of the oxidative potential of PM10
Investigating the contribution of grown new particles to cloud condensation nuclei with largely varying preexisting particles – Part 2: Modeling chemical drivers and 3-D new particle formation occurrence
Technical note: Influence of different averaging metrics and temporal resolutions on the aerosol pH calculated by thermodynamic modeling
Dual roles of the inorganic aqueous phase on secondary organic aerosol growth from benzene and phenol
Global source apportionment of aerosols into major emission regions and sectors over 1850–2017
Modeling atmospheric brown carbon in the GISS ModelE Earth system model
Observation-constrained kinetic modeling of isoprene SOA formation in the atmosphere
Significant impact of urban tree biogenic emissions on air quality estimated by a bottom-up inventory and chemistry transport modeling
Secondary organic aerosols derived from intermediate-volatility n-alkanes adopt low-viscous phase state
Cooling radiative forcing effect enhancement of atmospheric amines-mineral particle caused by heterogeneous uptake and oxidation
Modeling the drivers of fine PM pollution over Central Europe: impacts and contributions of emissions from different sources
Reaction of SO3 with H2SO4 and its implications for aerosol particle formation in the gas phase and at the air–water interface
Weakened aerosol–radiation interaction exacerbating ozone pollution in eastern China since China's clean air actions
Uncertainties from biomass burning aerosols in air quality models obscure public health impacts in Southeast Asia
Oxidative potential apportionment of atmospheric PM1: a new approach combining high-sensitive online analysers for chemical composition and offline OP measurement technique
Observed and CMIP6 model simulated organic aerosol response to drought in the contiguous United States during summertime
Aqueous-phase chemistry of glyoxal with multifunctional reduced nitrogen compounds: a potential missing route for secondary brown carbon
An updated modeling framework to simulate Los Angeles air quality – Part 1: Model development, evaluation, and source apportionment
Frequent haze events associated with transport and stagnation over the corridor between the North China Plain and Yangtze River Delta
Evaluation of WRF-Chem-simulated meteorology and aerosols over northern India during the severe pollution episode of 2016
How well are aerosol–cloud interactions represented in climate models? – Part 1: Understanding the sulfate aerosol production from the 2014–15 Holuhraun eruption
pH regulates the formation of organosulfates and inorganic sulfate from organic peroxide reaction with dissolved SO2 in aquatic media
Technical note: Accurate, reliable, and high-resolution air quality predictions by improving the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service using a novel statistical post-processing method
Analysis of secondary inorganic aerosols over the Greater Area of Athens using the EPISODE-CityChem source dispersion and photochemistry model
Contribution of intermediate-volatility organic compounds from on-road transport to secondary organic aerosol levels in Europe
Source-resolved atmospheric metal emissions, concentrations, and their deposition fluxes into the East Asian Seas
Development of an integrated model framework for multi-air-pollutant exposure assessments in high-density cities
CAMx–UNIPAR simulation of secondary organic aerosol mass formed from multiphase reactions of hydrocarbons under the Central Valley urban atmospheres of California
Impact of urbanization on fine particulate matter concentrations over central Europe
Measurement report: Assessing the impacts of emission uncertainty on aerosol optical properties and radiative forcing from biomass burning in peninsular Southeast Asia
The Emissions Model Intercomparison Project (Emissions-MIP): quantifying model sensitivity to emission characteristics
Dynamics-based estimates of decline trend with fine temporal variations in China's PM2.5 emissions
Effects of simulated secondary organic aerosol water on PM1 levels and composition over the US
Reactive organic carbon air emissions from mobile sources in the United States
Development and evaluation of processes affecting simulation of diel fine particulate matter variation in the GEOS-Chem model
Substantially positive contributions of new particle formation to cloud condensation nuclei under low supersaturation in China based on numerical model improvements
Evolution of atmospheric age of particles and its implications for the formation of a severe haze event in eastern China
A multimodel evaluation of the potential impact of shipping on particle species in the Mediterranean Sea
How does tropospheric VOC chemistry affect climate? An investigation of preindustrial control simulations using the Community Earth System Model version 2
Anthropogenic amplification of biogenic secondary organic aerosol production
A dynamic parameterization of sulfuric acid–dimethylamine nucleation and its application in three-dimensional modeling
Modeling dust mineralogical composition: sensitivity to soil mineralogy atlases and their expected climate impacts
Assessment of the impacts of cloud chemistry on surface SO2 and sulfate levels in typical regions of China
Impact of Landes forest fires on air quality in France during the 2022 summer
Global nitrogen and sulfur deposition mapping using a measurement–model fusion approach
Comprehensive simulations of new particle formation events in Beijing with a cluster dynamics–multicomponent sectional model
Implications of differences between recent anthropogenic aerosol emission inventories for diagnosed AOD and radiative forcing from 1990 to 2019
Unbalanced emission reductions of different species and sectors in China during COVID-19 lockdown derived by multi-species surface observation assimilation
Rui Li, Yining Gao, Lijia Zhang, Yubing Shen, Tianzhao Xu, Wenwen Sun, and Gehui Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7623–7636, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7623-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7623-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A three-stage model was developed to obtain the global maps of reactive nitrogen components during 2000–2100. The results implied that cross-validation R2 values of four species showed satisfactory performance (R2 > 0.55). Most reactive nitrogen components, except NH3, in China showed increases during 2000–2013. In the future scenarios, SSP3-7.0 (traditional-energy scenario) and SSP1-2.6 (carbon neutrality scenario) showed the highest and lowest reactive nitrogen component concentrations.
Fei Ye, Jingyi Li, Yaqin Gao, Hongli Wang, Jingyu An, Cheng Huang, Song Guo, Keding Lu, Kangjia Gong, Haowen Zhang, Momei Qin, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7467–7479, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7467-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7467-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Naphthalene (Nap) and methylnaphthalene (MN) are key precursors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), yet their sources and sinks are often inadequately represented in air quality models. In this study, we incorporated detailed emissions, gas-phase chemistry, and SOA parameterization of Nap and MN into CMAQ to address this issue. The findings revealed remarkably high SOA formation potentials for these compounds despite their low emissions in the Yangtze River Delta region during summer.
Vy Dinh Ngoc Thuy, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Ian Hough, Pamela A. Dominutti, Guillaume Salque Moreton, Grégory Gille, Florie Francony, Arabelle Patron-Anquez, Olivier Favez, and Gaëlle Uzu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7261–7282, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The capacity of particulate matter (PM) to generate reactive oxygen species in vivo is represented by oxidative potential (OP). This study focuses on finding the appropriate model to evaluate the oxidative character of PM sources in six sites using the PM sources and OP. Eight regression techniques are introduced to assess the OP of PM. The study highlights the importance of selecting a model according to the input data characteristics and establishes some recommendations for the procedure.
Ming Chu, Xing Wei, Shangfei Hai, Yang Gao, Huiwang Gao, Yujiao Zhu, Biwu Chu, Nan Ma, Juan Hong, Yele Sun, and Xiaohong Yao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6769–6786, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6769-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6769-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We used a 20-bin WRF-Chem model to simulate NPF events in the NCP during a three-week observational period in the summer of 2019. The model was able to reproduce the observations during June 29–July 6, which was characterized by a high frequency of NPF occurrence.
Haoqi Wang, Xiao Tian, Wanting Zhao, Jiacheng Li, Haoyu Yu, Yinchang Feng, and Shaojie Song
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6583–6592, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6583-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6583-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
pH is a key property of ambient aerosols, which affect many atmospheric processes. As aerosol pH is a non-conservative parameter, diverse averaging metrics and temporal resolutions may influence the pH values calculated by thermodynamic models. This technical note seeks to quantitatively evaluate the average pH using varied metrics and resolutions. The ultimate goal is to establish standardized reporting practices in future research endeavors.
Jiwon Choi, Myoseon Jang, and Spencer Blau
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6567–6582, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6567-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6567-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Persistent phenoxy radical (PPR), formed by phenol gas oxidation and its aqueous reaction, catalytically destroys O3 and retards secondary organic aerosol (SOA) growth. Explicit gas mechanisms including the formation of PPR and low-volatility products from the oxidation of phenol or benzene are applied to the UNIPAR model to predict SOA mass via multiphase reactions of precursors. Aqueous reactions of reactive organics increase SOA mass but retard SOA growth via heterogeneously formed PPR.
Yang Yang, Shaoxuan Mou, Hailong Wang, Pinya Wang, Baojie Li, and Hong Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6509–6523, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6509-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6509-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The variations in anthropogenic aerosol concentrations and source contributions and their subsequent radiative impact in major emission regions during historical periods are quantified based on an aerosol-tagging system in E3SMv1. Due to the industrial development and implementation of economic policies, sources of anthropogenic aerosols show different variations, which has important implications for pollution prevention and control measures and decision-making for global collaboration.
Maegan A. DeLessio, Kostas Tsigaridis, Susanne E. Bauer, Jacek Chowdhary, and Gregory L. Schuster
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6275–6304, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6275-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6275-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the first explicit representation of brown carbon aerosols in the GISS ModelE Earth system model (ESM). Model sensitivity to a range of brown carbon parameters and model performance compared to AERONET and MODIS retrievals of total aerosol properties were assessed. A summary of best practices for incorporating brown carbon into ModelE is also included.
Chuanyang Shen, Xiaoyan Yang, Joel Thornton, John Shilling, Chenyang Bi, Gabriel Isaacman-VanWertz, and Haofei Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6153–6175, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6153-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6153-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, a condensed multiphase isoprene oxidation mechanism was developed to simulate isoprene SOA formation from chamber and field studies. Our results show that the measured isoprene SOA mass concentrations can be reasonably reproduced. The simulation results indicate that multifunctional low-volatility products contribute significantly to total isoprene SOA. Our findings emphasize that the pathways to produce these low-volatility species should be considered in models.
Alice Maison, Lya Lugon, Soo-Jin Park, Alexia Baudic, Christopher Cantrell, Florian Couvidat, Barbara D'Anna, Claudia Di Biagio, Aline Gratien, Valérie Gros, Carmen Kalalian, Julien Kammer, Vincent Michoud, Jean-Eudes Petit, Marwa Shahin, Leila Simon, Myrto Valari, Jérémy Vigneron, Andrée Tuzet, and Karine Sartelet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6011–6046, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6011-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6011-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the development of a bottom-up inventory of urban tree biogenic emissions. Emissions are computed for each tree based on their location and characteristics and are integrated in the regional air quality model WRF-CHIMERE. The impact of these biogenic emissions on air quality is quantified for June–July 2022. Over Paris city, urban trees increase the concentrations of particulate organic matter by 4.6 %, of PM2.5 by 0.6 %, and of ozone by 1.0 % on average over 2 months.
Tommaso Galeazzo, Bernard Aumont, Marie Camredon, Richard Valorso, Yong B. Lim, Paul J. Ziemann, and Manabu Shiraiwa
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5549–5565, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5549-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5549-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) derived from n-alkanes is a major component of anthropogenic particulate matter. We provide an analysis of n-alkane SOA by chemistry modeling, machine learning, and laboratory experiments, showing that n-alkane SOA adopts low-viscous semi-solid or liquid states. Our results indicate few kinetic limitations of mass accommodation in SOA formation, supporting the application of equilibrium partitioning for simulating n-alkane SOA in large-scale atmospheric models.
Weina Zhang, Jianhua Mai, Zhichao Fan, Yongpeng Ji, Yuemeng Ji, Guiying Li, Yanpeng Gao, and Taicheng An
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1048, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1048, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Previous studies show distinctive RFE of AOP-mineral mixed particles from individual mineral or AOP particles. This study reveals heterogeneous oxidation causes further RFE enhancement of amine-mineral mixed particle. Note that RFE increment is higher under clean condition than that under polluted condition, which is contributed to high-oxygen-content product. The enhanced RFE of amine-mineral particle caused by heterogenous oxidation is expected to alleviate warming effect.
Lukáš Bartík, Peter Huszár, Jan Karlický, Ondřej Vlček, and Kryštof Eben
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4347–4387, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4347-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4347-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The presented study deals with the attribution of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations to anthropogenic emissions over Central Europe using regional-scale models. It calculates the present-day contributions of different emissions sectors to concentrations of PM2.5 and its secondary components. Moreover, the study investigates the effect of chemical nonlinearities by using multiple source attribution methods and secondary organic aerosol calculation methods.
Rui Wang, Yang Cheng, Shasha Chen, Rongrong Li, Yue Hu, Xiaokai Guo, Tianlei Zhang, Fengmin Song, and Hao Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4029–4046, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4029-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4029-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We used quantum chemical calculations, Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations, and the ACDC kinetic model to characterize SO3–H2SO4 interaction in the gas phase and at the air–water interface and to study the effect of H2S2O7 on H2SO4–NH3-based clusters. The work expands our understanding of new pathways for the loss of SO3 in acidic polluted areas and helps reveal some missing sources of NPF in metropolitan industrial regions and understand the atmospheric organic–sulfur cycle better.
Hao Yang, Lei Chen, Hong Liao, Jia Zhu, Wenjie Wang, and Xin Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4001–4015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4001-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4001-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The present study quantifies the response of aerosol–radiation interaction (ARI) to anthropogenic emission reduction from 2013 to 2017, with the main focus on the contribution to changed O3 concentrations over eastern China both in summer and winter using the WRF-Chem model. The weakened ARI due to decreased anthropogenic emission aggravates the summer (winter) O3 pollution by +0.81 ppb (+0.63 ppb), averaged over eastern China.
Margaret R. Marvin, Paul I. Palmer, Fei Yao, Mohd Talib Latif, and Md Firoz Khan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3699–3715, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3699-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3699-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use an atmospheric chemistry model to investigate aerosols emitted from fire activity across Southeast Asia. We find that the limited nature of measurements in this region leads to large uncertainties that significantly hinder the model representation of these aerosols and their impacts on air quality. As a result, the number of monthly attributable deaths is underestimated by as many as 4500, particularly in March at the peak of the mainland burning season.
Julie Camman, Benjamin Chazeau, Nicolas Marchand, Amandine Durand, Grégory Gille, Ludovic Lanzi, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Henri Wortham, and Gaëlle Uzu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3257–3278, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3257-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3257-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fine particle (PM1) pollution is a major health issue in the city of Marseille, which is subject to numerous pollution sources. Sampling carried out during the summer enabled a fine characterization of the PM1 sources and their oxidative potential, a promising new metric as a proxy for health impact. PM1 came mainly from combustion sources, secondary ammonium sulfate, and organic nitrate, while the oxidative potential of PM1 came from these sources and from resuspended dust in the atmosphere.
Wei Li and Yuxuan Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-430, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-430, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study finds that droughts immensely increased organic aerosol (OA) in the contiguous U.S. during summertime 1998–2019, notably in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) and Southeast (SEUS). The rise of OA in the SEUS is mainly driven by the enhanced formation of isoprene epoxydiols derived secondary organic aerosol due to the increase of isoprene and sulfate, while in the PNW, it is caused by wildfires. Ten climate models captured the OA increase in the PNW, yet greatly underestimated it in the SEUS.
Yuemeng Ji, Zhang Shi, Wenjian Li, Jiaxin Wang, Qiuju Shi, Yixin Li, Lei Gao, Ruize Ma, Weijun Lu, Lulu Xu, Yanpeng Gao, Guiying Li, and Taicheng An
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3079–3091, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3079-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3079-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The formation mechanisms for secondary brown carbon (SBrC) contributed by multifunctional reduced nitrogen compounds (RNCs) remain unclear. Hence, from combined laboratory experiments and quantum chemical calculations, we investigated the heterogeneous reactions of glyoxal (GL) with multifunctional RNCs, which are driven by four-step indirect nucleophilic addition reactions. Our results show a possible missing source for SBrC formation on urban, regional, and global scales.
Elyse A. Pennington, Yuan Wang, Benjamin C. Schulze, Karl M. Seltzer, Jiani Yang, Bin Zhao, Zhe Jiang, Hongru Shi, Melissa Venecek, Daniel Chau, Benjamin N. Murphy, Christopher M. Kenseth, Ryan X. Ward, Havala O. T. Pye, and John H. Seinfeld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2345–2363, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2345-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2345-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To assess the air quality in Los Angeles (LA), we improved the CMAQ model by using dynamic traffic emissions and new secondary organic aerosol schemes to represent volatile chemical products. Source apportionment demonstrates that the urban areas of the LA Basin and vicinity are NOx-saturated, with the largest sensitivity of O3 to changes in volatile organic compounds in the urban core. The improvement and remaining issues shed light on the future direction of the model development.
Feifan Yan, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Rujin Huang, Hong Liao, Ting Yang, Yuanyuan Zhu, Shaoqing Zhang, Lifang Sheng, Wenbin Kou, Xinran Zeng, Shengnan Xiang, Xiaohong Yao, Huiwang Gao, and Yang Gao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2365–2376, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2365-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2365-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
PM2.5 pollution is a major air quality issue deteriorating human health, and previous studies mostly focus on regions like the North China Plain and Yangtze River Delta. However, the characteristics of PM2.5 concentrations between these two regions are studied less often. Focusing on the transport corridor region, we identify an interesting seesaw transport phenomenon with stagnant weather conditions, conducive to PM2.5 accumulation over this region, resulting in large health effects.
Prerita Agarwal, David S. Stevenson, and Mathew R. Heal
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2239–2266, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2239-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2239-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Air pollution levels across northern India are amongst some of the worst in the world, with episodic and hazardous haze events. Here, the ability of the WRF-Chem model to predict air quality over northern India is assessed against several datasets. Whilst surface wind speed and particle pollution peaks are over- and underestimated, respectively, meteorology and aerosol trends are adequately captured, and we conclude it is suitable for investigating severe particle pollution events.
George Jordan, Florent Malavelle, Ying Chen, Amy Peace, Eliza Duncan, Daniel G. Partridge, Paul Kim, Duncan Watson-Parris, Toshihiko Takemura, David Neubauer, Gunnar Myhre, Ragnhild Skeie, Anton Laakso, and James Haywood
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1939–1960, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1939-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1939-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The 2014–15 Holuhraun eruption caused a huge aerosol plume in an otherwise unpolluted region, providing a chance to study how aerosol alters cloud properties. This two-part study uses observations and models to quantify this relationship’s impact on the Earth’s energy budget. Part 1 suggests the models capture the observed spatial and chemical evolution of the plume, yet no model plume is exact. Understanding these differences is key for Part 2, where changes to cloud properties are explored.
Lin Du, Xiaofan Lv, Makroni Lily, Kun Li, and Narcisse Tsona Tchinda
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1841–1853, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1841-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1841-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the pH effect on the reaction of dissolved SO2 with selected organic peroxides. Results show that the formation of organic and/or inorganic sulfate from these peroxides strongly depends on their electronic structures, and these processes are likely to alter the chemical composition of dissolved organic matter in different ways. The rate constants of these reactions exhibit positive pH and temperature dependencies within pH 1–10 and 240–340 K ranges.
Angelo Riccio and Elena Chianese
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1673–1689, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1673-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1673-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Starting from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS), we provided a novel ensemble statistical post-processing approach to improve their air quality predictions. Our approach is able to provide reliable short-term forecasts of pollutant concentrations, which is a key challenge in supporting national authorities in their tasks related to EU Air Quality Directives, such as planning and reporting the state of air quality to the citizens.
Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Matthias Karl, Kim Andreas Weiss, Dimitris Karagiannis, Eleni Athanasopoulou, Anastasia Kakouri, Aikaterini Bougiatioti, Eleni Liakakou, Iasonas Stavroulas, Georgios Papangelis, Georgios Grivas, Despina Paraskevopoulou, Orestis Speyer, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, and Evangelos Gerasopoulos
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2798, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2798, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A state-of-the-art thermodynamic model has been coupled to the source dispersion and photochemistry city-scale chemistry transport model EPISODE-CityChem to determine the equilibrium between the inorganic gas and aerosol phases over the Greater Area of Athens, Greece. Simulations denote that nitrate formation strongly depends on the local nitrogen oxide emissions, along with the ambient temperature, the relative humidity, the photochemical activity, and the presence of nonvolatile cations.
Stella E. I. Manavi and Spyros N. Pandis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 891–909, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-891-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-891-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Organic vapors of intermediate volatility have often been neglected as sources of atmospheric organic aerosol. In this work we use a new approach for their simulation and quantify the contribution of these compounds emitted by transportation sources (gasoline and diesel vehicles) to particulate matter over Europe. The estimated secondary organic aerosol levels are on average 60 % higher than predicted by previous approaches. However, these estimates are probably lower limits.
Shenglan Jiang, Yan Zhang, Guangyuan Yu, Zimin Han, Junri Zhao, Tianle Zhang, and Mei Zheng
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-155, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-155, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to provide gridded data on sea-wide concentrations, deposition fluxes, and soluble deposition fluxes with detailed source categories of metals by the modified CMAQ model. We developed a monthly emission inventory of six metals – Fe, Al, V, Ni, Zn, and Cu – from land anthropogenic, ship, and dust sources in East Asia in 2017. Our results revealed the contribution of each source to the emissions, concentrations, and deposition fluxes of metals in the East Asian seas.
Zhiyuan Li, Kin-Fai Ho, Harry Fung Lee, and Steve Hung Lam Yim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 649–661, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-649-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-649-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study developed an integrated model framework for accurate multi-air-pollutant exposure assessments in high-density and high-rise cities. Following the proposed integrated model framework, we established multi-air-pollutant exposure models for four major PM10 chemical species as well as four criteria air pollutants with R2 values ranging from 0.73 to 0.93. The proposed framework serves as an important tool for combined exposure assessment in epidemiological studies.
Yujin Jo, Myoseon Jang, Sanghee Han, Azad Madhu, Bonyoung Koo, Yiqin Jia, Zechen Yu, Soontae Kim, and Jinsoo Park
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 487–508, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-487-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-487-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The CAMx–UNIPAR model simulated the SOA budget formed via multiphase reactions of hydrocarbons and the impact of emissions and climate on SOA characteristics under California’s urban environments during winter 2018. SOA growth was dominated by daytime oxidation of long-chain alkanes and nighttime terpene oxidation with O3 and NO−3 radicals. The spatial distributions of anthropogenic SOA were affected by the northwesterly wind, whereas those of biogenic SOA were insensitive to wind directions.
Peter Huszar, Alvaro Patricio Prieto Perez, Lukáš Bartík, Jan Karlický, and Anahi Villalba-Pradas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 397–425, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-397-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-397-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Urbanization transforms rural land into artificial land, while due to human activities, it also introduces a great quantity of emissions. We quantify the impact of urbanization on the final particulate matter pollutant levels by looking not only at these emissions, but also at the way urban land cover influences meteorological conditions, how the removal of pollutants changes due to urban land cover, and how biogenic emissions from vegetation change due to less vegetation in urban areas.
Yinbao Jin, Yiming Liu, Xiao Lu, Xiaoyang Chen, Ao Shen, Haofan Wang, Yinping Cui, Yifei Xu, Siting Li, Jian Liu, Ming Zhang, Yingying Ma, and Qi Fan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 367–395, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-367-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-367-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to address these issues by evaluating eight independent biomass burning (BB) emission inventories (GFED, FINN1.5, FINN2.5 MOS, FINN2.5 MOSVIS, GFAS, FEER, QFED, and IS4FIRES) using the WRF-Chem model and analyzing their impact on aerosol optical properties (AOPs) and direct radiative forcing (DRF) during wildfire events in peninsular Southeast Asia (PSEA) that occurred in March 2019.
Hamza Ahsan, Hailong Wang, Jingbo Wu, Mingxuan Wu, Steven J. Smith, Susanne Bauer, Harrison Suchyta, Dirk Olivié, Gunnar Myhre, Hitoshi Matsui, Huisheng Bian, Jean-François Lamarque, Ken Carslaw, Larry Horowitz, Leighton Regayre, Mian Chin, Michael Schulz, Ragnhild Bieltvedt Skeie, Toshihiko Takemura, and Vaishali Naik
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14779–14799, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14779-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14779-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We examine the impact of the assumed effective height of SO2 injection, SO2 and BC emission seasonality, and the assumed fraction of SO2 emissions injected as SO4 on climate and chemistry model results. We find that the SO2 injection height has a large impact on surface SO2 concentrations and, in some models, radiative flux. These assumptions are a
hiddensource of inter-model variability and may be leading to bias in some climate model results.
Zhen Peng, Lili Lei, Zhe-Min Tan, Meigen Zhang, Aijun Ding, and Xingxia Kou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14505–14520, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14505-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14505-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Annual PM2.5 emissions in China consistently decreased by about 3% to 5% from 2017 to 2020 with spatial variations and seasonal dependencies. High-temporal-resolution and dynamics-based PM2.5 emission estimates provide quantitative diurnal variations for each season. Significant reductions in PM2.5 emissions in the North China Plain and northeast of China in 2020 were caused by COVID-19.
Stylianos Kakavas, Spyros N. Pandis, and Athanasios Nenes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13555–13564, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13555-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13555-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Water uptake from organic species in aerosol can affect the partitioning of semi-volatile inorganic compounds but are not considered in global and chemical transport models. We address this with a version of the PM-CAMx model that considers such organic water effects and use it to carry out 1-year aerosol simulations over the continental US. We show that such organic water impacts can increase dry PM1 levels by up to 2 μg m-3 when RH levels and PM1 concentrations are high.
Benjamin N. Murphy, Darrell Sonntag, Karl M. Seltzer, Havala O. T. Pye, Christine Allen, Evan Murray, Claudia Toro, Drew R. Gentner, Cheng Huang, Shantanu Jathar, Li Li, Andrew A. May, and Allen L. Robinson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13469–13483, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13469-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13469-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We update methods for calculating organic particle and vapor emissions from mobile sources in the USA. Conventionally, particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic carbon (VOC) are speciated without consideration of primary semivolatile emissions. Our methods integrate state-of-the-science speciation profiles and correct for common artifacts when sampling emissions in a laboratory. We quantify impacts of the emission updates on ambient pollution with the Community Multiscale Air Quality model.
Yanshun Li, Randall V. Martin, Chi Li, Brian L. Boys, Aaron van Donkelaar, Jun Meng, and Jeffrey R. Pierce
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12525–12543, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12525-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12525-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We developed and evaluated processes affecting within-day (diel) variability in PM2.5 concentrations in a chemical transport model over the contiguous US. Diel variability in PM2.5 for the contiguous US is driven by early-morning accumulation into a shallow mixed layer, decreases from mid-morning through afternoon with mixed-layer growth, increases from mid-afternoon through evening as the mixed-layer collapses, and decreases overnight as emissions decrease.
Chupeng Zhang, Shangfei Hai, Yang Gao, Yuhang Wang, Shaoqing Zhang, Lifang Sheng, Bin Zhao, Shuxiao Wang, Jingkun Jiang, Xin Huang, Xiaojing Shen, Junying Sun, Aura Lupascu, Manish Shrivastava, Jerome D. Fast, Wenxuan Cheng, Xiuwen Guo, Ming Chu, Nan Ma, Juan Hong, Qiaoqiao Wang, Xiaohong Yao, and Huiwang Gao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10713–10730, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10713-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10713-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
New particle formation is an important source of atmospheric particles, exerting critical influences on global climate. Numerical models are vital tools to understanding atmospheric particle evolution, which, however, suffer from large biases in simulating particle numbers. Here we improve the model chemical processes governing particle sizes and compositions. The improved model reveals substantial contributions of newly formed particles to climate through effects on cloud condensation nuclei.
Xiaodong Xie, Jianlin Hu, Momei Qin, Song Guo, Min Hu, Dongsheng Ji, Hongli Wang, Shengrong Lou, Cheng Huang, Chong Liu, Hongliang Zhang, Qi Ying, Hong Liao, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10563–10578, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10563-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10563-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The atmospheric age of particles reflects how long particles have been formed and suspended in the atmosphere, which is closely associated with the evolution processes of particles. An analysis of the atmospheric age of PM2.5 provides a unique perspective on the evolution processes of different PM2.5 components. The results also shed lights on how to design effective emission control actions under unfavorable meteorological conditions.
Lea Fink, Matthias Karl, Volker Matthias, Sonia Oppo, Richard Kranenburg, Jeroen Kuenen, Sara Jutterström, Jana Moldanova, Elisa Majamäki, and Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10163–10189, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10163-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10163-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Mediterranean Sea is a heavily trafficked shipping area, and air quality monitoring stations in numerous cities along the Mediterranean coast have detected high levels of air pollutants originating from shipping emissions. The current study investigates how existing restrictions on shipping-related emissions to the atmosphere ensure compliance with legislation. Focus was laid on fine particles and particle species, which were simulated with five different chemical transport models.
Noah A. Stanton and Neil F. Tandon
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9191–9216, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9191-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9191-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Chemistry in Earth’s atmosphere has a potentially strong but very uncertain impact on climate. Past attempts to fully model chemistry in Earth’s troposphere (the lowest layer of the atmosphere) typically simplified the representation of Earth’s surface, which in turn limited the ability to simulate changes in climate. The cutting-edge model that we use in this study does not require such simplification, and we use it to examine the climate effects of chemical interactions in the troposphere.
Yiqi Zheng, Larry W. Horowitz, Raymond Menzel, David J. Paynter, Vaishali Naik, Jingyi Li, and Jingqiu Mao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8993–9007, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8993-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8993-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Biogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) account for a large fraction of fine aerosol at the global scale. Using long-term measurements and a climate model, we investigate anthropogenic impacts on biogenic SOA at both decadal and centennial timescales. Results show that despite reductions in biogenic precursor emissions, SOA has been strongly amplified by anthropogenic emissions since the preindustrial era and exerts a cooling radiative forcing.
Yuyang Li, Jiewen Shen, Bin Zhao, Runlong Cai, Shuxiao Wang, Yang Gao, Manish Shrivastava, Da Gao, Jun Zheng, Markku Kulmala, and Jingkun Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8789–8804, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8789-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8789-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We set up a new parameterization for 1.4 nm particle formation rates from sulfuric acid–dimethylamine (SA–DMA) nucleation, fully including the effects of coagulation scavenging and cluster stability. Incorporating the new parameterization into 3-D chemical transport models, we achieved better consistencies between simulation results and observation data. This new parameterization provides new insights into atmospheric nucleation simulations and its effects on atmospheric pollution or health.
María Gonçalves Ageitos, Vincenzo Obiso, Ron L. Miller, Oriol Jorba, Martina Klose, Matt Dawson, Yves Balkanski, Jan Perlwitz, Sara Basart, Enza Di Tomaso, Jerónimo Escribano, Francesca Macchia, Gilbert Montané, Natalie M. Mahowald, Robert O. Green, David R. Thompson, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8623–8657, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8623-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8623-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Dust aerosols affect our climate differently depending on their mineral composition. We include dust mineralogy in an atmospheric model considering two existing soil maps, which still have large associated uncertainties. The soil data and the distribution of the minerals in different aerosol sizes are key to our model performance. We find significant regional variations in climate-relevant variables, which supports including mineralogy in our current models and the need for improved soil maps.
Jianyan Lu, Sunling Gong, Jian Zhang, Jianmin Chen, Lei Zhang, and Chunhong Zhou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8021–8037, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8021-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8021-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
WRF/CUACE was used to assess the cloud chemistry contribution in China. Firstly, the CUACE cloud chemistry scheme was found to reproduce well the cloud processing and consumption of H2O2, O3, and SO2, as well as the increase of sulfate. Secondly, during cloud availability in December under a heavy pollution episode, sulfate production increased 60–95 % and SO2 was reduced by over 80 %. This study provides a way to analyze the phenomenon of overestimation of SO2 in many chemical transport models.
Laurent Menut, Arineh Cholakian, Guillaume Siour, Rémy Lapere, Romain Pennel, Sylvain Mailler, and Bertrand Bessagnet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7281–7296, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7281-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7281-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study is about the wildfires occurring in France during the summer 2022. We study the forest fires that took place in the Landes during the summer of 2022. We show the direct impact of these fires on the air quality, especially downstream of the smoke plume towards the Paris region. We quantify the impact of these fires on the pollutants peak concentrations and the possible exceedance of thresholds.
Hannah J. Rubin, Joshua S. Fu, Frank Dentener, Rui Li, Kan Huang, and Hongbo Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7091–7102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7091-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7091-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We update the 2010 global deposition budget for nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) with new regional wet deposition measurements, improving the ensemble results of 11 global chemistry transport models from HTAP II. Our study demonstrates that a global measurement–model fusion approach can substantially improve N and S deposition model estimates at a regional scale and represents a step forward toward the WMO goal of global fusion products for accurately mapping harmful air pollution.
Chenxi Li, Yuyang Li, Xiaoxiao Li, Runlong Cai, Yaxin Fan, Xiaohui Qiao, Rujing Yin, Chao Yan, Yishuo Guo, Yongchun Liu, Jun Zheng, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Markku Kulmala, Huayun Xiao, and Jingkun Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6879–6896, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6879-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6879-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
New particle formation and growth in polluted environments are not fully understood despite intensive research. We applied a cluster dynamics–multicomponent sectional model to simulate the new particle formation events observed in Beijing, China. The simulation approximately captures how the events evolve. Further diagnosis shows that the oxygenated organic molecules may have been under-detected, and modulating their abundance leads to significantly improved simulation–observation agreement.
Marianne Tronstad Lund, Gunnar Myhre, Ragnhild Bieltvedt Skeie, Bjørn Hallvard Samset, and Zbigniew Klimont
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6647–6662, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6647-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6647-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Here we show that differences, in magnitude and trend, between recent global anthropogenic emission inventories have a notable influence on simulated regional abundances of anthropogenic aerosol over the 1990–2019 period. This, in turn, affects estimates of radiative forcing. Our findings form a basis for comparing existing and upcoming studies on anthropogenic aerosols using different emission inventories.
Lei Kong, Xiao Tang, Jiang Zhu, Zifa Wang, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, Meng Gao, Huangjian Wu, Miaomiao Lu, Qian Wu, Shuyuan Huang, Wenxuan Sui, Jie Li, Xiaole Pan, Lin Wu, Hajime Akimoto, and Gregory R. Carmichael
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6217–6240, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6217-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6217-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A multi-air-pollutant inversion system has been developed in this study to estimate emission changes in China during COVID-19 lockdown. The results demonstrate that the lockdown is largely a nationwide road traffic control measure with NOx emissions decreasing by ~40 %. Emissions of other species only decreased by ~10 % due to smaller effects of lockdown on other sectors. Assessment results further indicate that the lockdown only had limited effects on the control of PM2.5 and O3 in China.
Cited articles
Amato, P. and Christner, B. C.: Energy metabolism response to
low-temperature and frozen conditions in Psychrobacter cryohalolentis, Appl.
Environ. Microbiol., 75, 711–718, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02193-08, 2009.
Amato, P., Demeer, F., Melaouhi, A., Fontanella, S., Martin-Biesse, A. S.,
Sancelme, M., Laj, P., and Delort, A. M.: A fate for organic acids,
formaldehyde and methanol in cloud water: their biotransformation by
micro-organisms, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4159–4169,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4159-2007, 2007a.
Amato, P., Parazols, M., Sancelme, M., Laj, P., Mailhot, G., and Delort,
A.-M.: Microorganisms isolated from the water phase of tropospheric clouds
at the Puy de Dôme: major groups and growth abilities at low
temperatures, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 59, 242–254,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00199.x, 2007b.
Amato, P., Doyle, S., and Christner, B. C.: Macromolecular synthesis by
yeasts under frozen conditions, Environ. Microbiol., 11, 589–596,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01829.x, 2009.
Amato, P., Doyle, S. M., Battista, J. R., and Christner, B. C.: Implications
of Subzero Metabolic Activity on Long-Term Microbial Survival in Terrestrial
and Extraterrestrial Permafrost, Astrobiology, 10, 789–798,
https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2010.0477, 2010.
Amato, P., Joly, M., Schaupp, C., Attard, E., Möhler, O., Morris, C. E.,
Brunet, Y., and Delort, A.-M.: Survival and ice nucleation activity of
bacteria as aerosols in a cloud simulation chamber, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 15, 6455–6465, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6455-2015, 2015.
Amato, P., Joly, M., Besaury, L., Oudart, A., Taib, N., Moné, A. I.,
Deguillaume, L., Delort, A.-M., and Debroas, D.: Active microorganisms thrive
among extremely diverse communities in cloud water, PLOS ONE, 12,
e0182869, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182869, 2017.
Amato, P., Besaury, L., Joly, M., Penaud, B., Deguillaume, L., and Delort,
A.-M.: Metatranscriptomic exploration of microbial functioning in clouds,
Sci. Rep., 9, 4383, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41032-4, 2019.
Arakaki, T., Anastasio, C., Kuroki, Y., Nakajima, H., Okada, K., Kotani, Y.,
Handa, D., Azechi, S., Kimura, T., Tsuhako, A., and Miyagi, Y.: A general
scavenging rate constant for reaction of hydroxyl radical with organic
carbon in atmospheric waters, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 8196–8203,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es401927b, 2013.
Ariya, P. A., Nepotchatykh, O., Ignatova, O., and Amyot, M.: Microbiological
degradation of atmospheric organic compounds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 34-1–34-4,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015637, 2002.
Ariya, P. A., Sun, J., Eltouny, N. A., Hudson, E. D., Hayes, C. T., and Kos,
G.: Physical and chemical characterization of bioaerosols – Implications for
nucleation processes, Int. Rev. Phys. Chem., 28,
1–32, https://doi.org/10.1080/01442350802597438, 2009.
Artaxo, P., Maenhaut, W., Storms, H., and Van Grieken, R.: Aerosol
characteristics and sources for the Amazon Basin during the wet season,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 95, 16971–16985,
https://doi.org/10.1029/JD095iD10p16971, 1990.
Bakermans, C., Tsapin, A. I., Souza-Egipsy, V., Gilichinsky, D. A., and
Nealson, K. H.: Reproduction and metabolism at −10 ∘C of bacteria
isolated from Siberian permafrost, Environ. Microbiol., 5,
321–326, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1462-2920.2003.00419.x, 2003.
Bauer, H., Giebl, H., Hitzenberger, R., Kasper-Giebl, A., Reischl, G.,
Zibuschka, F., and Puxbaum, H.: Airborne bacteria as cloud condensation
nuclei, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4658, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jd003545, 2003.
Bianco, A., Passananti, M., Perroux, H., Voyard, G., Mouchel-Vallon, C.,
Chaumerliac, N., Mailhot, G., Deguillaume, L., and Brigante, M.: A better
understanding of hydroxyl radical photochemical sources in cloud waters
collected at the puy de Dôme station – experimental versus modelled
formation rates, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9191–9202,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9191-2015, 2015.
Bianco, A., Deguillaume, L., Chaumerliac, N., Vaïtilingom, M., Wang,
M., Delort, A.-M., and Bridoux, M. C.: Effect of endogenous microbiota on the
molecular composition of cloud water: a study by Fourier-transform ion
cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), Sci. Rep., 9,
7663, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44149-8, 2019.
Bovallius, A., Bucht, B., Roffey, R., and Anäs, P.: Three-year
investigation of the natural airborne bacterial flora at four localities in
sweden, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 35, 847–852,
1978.
Bowers, R. M., McCubbin, I. B., Hallar, A. G., and Fierer, N.: Seasonal
variability in airborne bacterial communities at a high-elevation site,
Atmos. Environ., 50, 41–49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.005,
2012.
Burrows, S. M., Elbert, W., Lawrence, M. G., and Pöschl, U.: Bacteria in the global atmosphere – Part 1: Review and synthesis of literature data for different ecosystems, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9263–9280, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9263-2009, 2009a.
Burrows, S. M., Butler, T., Jöckel, P., Tost, H., Kerkweg, A., Pöschl, U., and Lawrence, M. G.: Bacteria in the global atmosphere – Part 2: Modeling of emissions and transport between different ecosystems, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9281–9297, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9281-2009, 2009b.
Carotenuto, F., Georgiadis, T., Gioli, B., Leyronas, C., Morris, C. E.,
Nardino, M., Wohlfahrt, G., and Miglietta, F.: Measurements and modeling of
surface–atmosphere exchange of microorganisms in Mediterranean grassland,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14919–14936, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14919-2017,
2017.
Chin, M., Rood, R. B., Lin, S.-J., Müller, J.-F., and Thompson, A. M.:
Atmospheric sulfur cycle simulated in the global model GOCART: Model
description and global properties, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 105,
24671–24687, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jd900384, 2000.
Chrzanowski, T. and Kyle, M.: Ratios of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in Pseudomonas fluorescens as a model for bacterial element ratios and nutrient regeneration, Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 10, 115–122, https://doi.org/10.3354/ame010115, 1996.
Copeland, J. K., Yuan, L., Layeghifard, M., Wang, P. W., and Guttman, D. S.:
Seasonal Community Succession of the Phyllosphere Microbiome, Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 28,
274–285, https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-10-14-0331-FI, 2015.
Davey, K. R.: A predictive model for combined temperature and water activity
on microbial growth during the growth phase, J. Appl.
Bacteriol., 67, 483–488, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1989.tb02519.x, 1989.
Deguillaume, L., Leriche, M., Monod, A., and Chaumerliac, N.: The role of transition metal ions on HOx radicals in clouds: a numerical evaluation of its impact on multiphase chemistry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 95–110, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-95-2004, 2004.
DeLeon-Rodriguez, N., Lathem, T. L., Rodriguez-R, L. M., Barazesh, J. M.,
Anderson, B. E., Beyersdorf, A. J., Ziemba, L. D., Bergin, M., Nenes, A., and
Konstantinidis, K. T.: Microbiome of the upper troposphere: Species
composition and prevalence, effects of tropical storms, and atmospheric
implications, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 2575,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1212089110, 2013.
Delort, A.-M., Vaïtilingom, M., Amato, P., Sancelme, M., Parazols, M.,
Mailhot, G., Laj, P., and Deguillaume, L.: A short overview of the microbial
population in clouds: Potential roles in atmospheric chemistry and
nucleation processes, Atmos. Res., 98, 249–260, 2010.
Després, V. R., Huffman, J. A., Burrows, S. M., Hoose, C., Safatov, A.
S., Buryak, G., Fröhlich-Nowoisky, J., Elbert, W., Andreae, M. O.,
Pöschl, U., and Jaenicke, R.: Primary biological aerosol particles in the
atmosphere: a review, Tellus B, 64, 15598, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v64i0.15598,
2012.
Dimmick, R. L., Wolochow, H., and Chatigny, M. A.: Evidence that bacteria can
form new cells in airborne particles, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 37,
924–927, 1979.
Dommergue, A., Amato, P., Tignat-Perrier, R., Magand, O., Thollot, A., Joly,
M., Bouvier, L., Sellegri, K., Vogel, T., Sonke, J. E., Jaffrezo, J.-L.,
Andrade, M., Moreno, I., Labuschagne, C., Martin, L., Zhang, Q., and Larose,
C.: Methods to Investigate the Global Atmospheric Microbiome, Front.
Microbiol., 10, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00243, 2019.
Eiler, A., Langenheder, S., Bertilsson, S., and Tranvik, L. J.: Heterotrophic
bacterial growth efficiency and community structure at different natural
organic carbon concentrations, Appl. Environ. Microbiol.,
69, 3701–3709, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.7.3701-3709.2003, 2003.
Elbert, W., Taylor, P. E., Andreae, M. O., and Pöschl, U.: Contribution
of fungi to primary biogenic aerosols in the atmosphere: wet and dry
discharged spores, carbohydrates, and inorganic ions, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
7, 4569–4588, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4569-2007, 2007.
Engelberg-Kulka, H., Amitai, S., Kolodkin-Gal, I., and Hazan, R.: Bacterial
Programmed Cell Death and Multicellular Behavior in Bacteria, PLOS Gen.,
2, 1518–1526, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.0020135, 2006.
Ervens, B., George, C., Williams, J. E., Buxton, G. V., Salmon, G. A.,
Bydder, M., Wilkinson, F., Dentener, F., Mirabel, P., Wolke, R., and
Herrmann, H.: CAPRAM2.4 (MODAC mechanism): An extended and condensed
tropospheric aqueous phase mechanism and its application, J. Geophys. Res.,
108, 4426, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002202, 2003.
Ervens, B., Feingold, G., Sulia, K., and Harrington, J.: The impact of
microphysical parameters, ice nucleation mode, and habit growth on the
ice/liquid partitioning in mixed-phase Arctic clouds, J. Geophys. Res.,
116, D17205, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jd015729, 2011.
Ervens, B., Sorooshian, A., Lim, Y. B., and Turpin, B. J.: Key parameters
controlling OH-initiated formation of secondary organic aerosol in the
aqueous phase (aqSOA), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 3997–4016,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD021021, 2014.
Estillore, A. D., Trueblood, J. V., and Grassian, V. H.: Atmospheric
chemistry of bioaerosols: heterogeneous and multiphase reactions with
atmospheric oxidants and other trace gases, Chem. Sci., 7, 6604–6616,
https://doi.org/10.1039/c6sc02353c, 2016.
Fahlgren, C., Hagström, Å., Nilsson, D., and Zweifel, U. L.: Annual
Variations in the Diversity, Viability, and Origin of Airborne Bacteria,
Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 76, 3015–3025, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02092-09,
2010.
Feingold, G., McComiskey, A., Rosenfeld, D., and Sorooshian, A.: On the
relationship between cloud contact time and precipitation susceptibility to
aerosol, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118,
10544–10554, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50819, 2013.
Fröhlich-Nowoisky, J., Pickersgill, D. A., Després, V. R., and
Pöschl, U.: High diversity of fungi in air particulate matter, P. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 12814, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0811003106, 2009.
Fuchs, B. M., Zubkov, M. V., Sahm, K., Burkill, P. H., and Amann, R.: Changes
in community composition during dilution cultures of marine bacterioplankton
as assessed by flow cytometric and molecular biological techniques,
Environ. Microbiol., 2, 191–201,
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1462-2920.2000.00092.x, 2000.
Fuzzi, S., Mandrioli, P., and Perfetto, A.: Fog droplets – an atmospheric
source of secondary biological aerosol particles, Atmos. Environ.,
31, 287–290, https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(96)00160-4, 1997.
Gandolfi, I., Bertolini, V., Ambrosini, R., Bestetti, G., and Franzetti, A.:
Unravelling the bacterial diversity in the atmosphere, Appl. Microbiol.
Biotechnol., 97, 4727–4736, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-013-4901-2, 2013.
Gusareva, E. S., Acerbi, E., Lau, K. J. X., Luhung, I., Premkrishnan, B. N.
V., Kolundžija, S., Purbojati, R. W., Wong, A., Houghton, J. N. I.,
Miller, D., Gaultier, N. E., Heinle, C. E., Clare, M. E., Vettath, V. K.,
Kee, C., Lim, S. B. Y., Chénard, C., Phung, W. J., Kushwaha, K. K., Nee,
A. P., Putra, A., Panicker, D., Yanqing, K., Hwee, Y. Z., Lohar, S. R.,
Kuwata, M., Kim, H. L., Yang, L., Uchida, A., Drautz-Moses, D. I.,
Junqueira, A. C. M., and Schuster, S. C.: Microbial communities in the
tropical air ecosystem follow a precise diel cycle, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116, 23299–23308, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1908493116, 2019.
Haddrell, A. E. and Thomas, R. J.: Aerobiology: Experimental Considerations,
Observations, and Future Tools, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 83, e0080917,
https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00809-17, 2017.
Heald, C. L. and Spracklen, D. V.: Atmospheric budget of primary biological
aerosol particles from fungal spores, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L09806,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL037493, 2009.
Helin, A., Sietiö, O.-M., Heinonsalo, J., Bäck, J., Riekkola, M.-L.,
and Parshintsev, J.: Characterization of free amino acids, bacteria and
fungi in size-segregated atmospheric aerosols in boreal forest: seasonal
patterns, abundances and size distributions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17,
13089–13101, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13089-2017, 2017.
Herckes, P., Valsaraj, K. T., and Collett Jr, J. L.: A review of observations
of organic matter in fogs and clouds: Origin, processing and fate, Atmos.
Res., 132/133, 434–449, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.06.005, 2013.
Herrmann, H.: Kinetics of aqueous phase reactions relevant for atmospheric
chemistry, Chem. Rev., 103, 4691–4716, 2003.
Hodzic, A., Kasibhatla, P. S., Jo, D. S., Cappa, C. D., Jimenez, J. L.,
Madronich, S., and Park, R. J.: Rethinking the global secondary organic
aerosol (SOA) budget: stronger production, faster removal, shorter lifetime,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 7917–7941, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7917-2016, 2016.
Hoose, C., Kristjánsson, J. E., and Burrows, S. M.: How important is
biological ice nucleation in clouds on a global scale?, Environ.
Res. Lett., 5, 024009, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/024009, 2010.
Hu, W., Murata, K., Toyonaga, S., and Zhang, D.: Bacterial abundance and
viability in rainwater associated with cyclones, stationary fronts and
typhoons in southwestern Japan, Atmos. Environ., 167, 104–115,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.08.013, 2017.
Huffman, J. A., Prenni, A. J., DeMott, P. J., Pöhlker, C., Mason, R. H.,
Robinson, N. H., Fröhlich-Nowoisky, J., Tobo, Y., Després, V. R.,
Garcia, E., Gochis, D. J., Harris, E., Müller-Germann, I., Ruzene, C.,
Schmer, B., Sinha, B., Day, D. A., Andreae, M. O., Jimenez, J. L.,
Gallagher, M., Kreidenweis, S. M., Bertram, A. K., and Pöschl, U.: High
concentrations of biological aerosol particles and ice nuclei during and
after rain, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6151–6164,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6151-2013, 2013.
Husárová, S., Vaïtilingom, M., Deguillaume, L., Traikia, M.,
Vinatier, V., Sancelme, M., Amato, P., Matulová, M., and Delort, A.-M.:
Biotransformation of methanol and formaldehyde by bacteria isolated from
clouds. Comparison with radical chemistry, Atmos. Environ., 45,
6093–6102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.06.035, 2011.
Iavorivska, L., Boyer, E. W., and DeWalle, D. R.: Atmospheric deposition of
organic carbon via precipitation, Atmos. Environ., 146, 153–163,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.006, 2016.
IPCC: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability, Part A:
Global and Sectoral Aspects, Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth
Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Field,
C. B., Barros, V. R., Dokken, D. J., Mach, K. J., Mastrandrea, M. D., Bilir, T. E.,
Chatterjee, M., Ebi, K. L., Estrada, Y. O., Genova, R. C., Girma, B., Kissel, E. S.,
Levy, A. N., MacCracken, S., Mastrandrea, P. R., and White, L. L.: Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1132 pp., 2014.
Jaenicke, R.: Abundance of Cellular Material and Proteins in the Atmosphere,
Science, 308, p. 73, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1106335, 2005.
Joly, M., Amato, P., Sancelme, M., Vinatier, V., Abrantes, M., Deguillaume,
L., and Delort, A.-M.: Survival of microbial isolates from clouds toward
simulated atmospheric stress factors, Atmos. Environ., 117, 92–98,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.07.009, 2015.
Kanakidou, M., Duce, R. A., Prospero, J. M., Baker, A. R., Benitez-Nelson,
C., Dentener, F. J., Hunter, K. A., Liss, P. S., Mahowald, N., Okin, G. S.,
Sarin, M., Tsigaridis, K., Uematsu, M., Zamora, L. M., and Zhu, T.:
Atmospheric fluxes of organic N and P to the global ocean, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 26, GB3026, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GB004277, 2012.
Kaprelyants, A. S. and Kell, D. B.: Dormancy in Stationary-Phase Cultures of
Micrococcus luteus: Flow Cytometric Analysis of Starvation and
Resuscitation, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 59, 410–422,
1993.
King, S., Platnick, W. P., Menzel, S. A., Ackerman, A., and Hubanks, P. A.: Spatial
and Temporal Distribution of Clouds Observed by MODIS Onboard the Terra and
Aqua Satellites, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 51,
3826–3852, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2012.2227333, 2013.
Klein, A. M., Bohannan, B. J. M., Jaffe, D. A., Levin, D. A., and Green, J.
L.: Molecular Evidence for Metabolically Active Bacteria in the Atmosphere,
Front. Microbiol., 7, 772, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00772, 2016.
Lallement, A.: Impact des processus photochimiques et biologiques sur la
composition chimique du nuage, PhD Thesis, Universite Clermont Auvergne,
Clermont-Ferrand (France), 295 pp., 2017.
Lallement, A., Besaury, L., Tixier, E., Sancelme, M., Amato, P., Vinatier,
V., Canet, I., Polyakova, O. V., Artaev, V. B., Lebedev, A. T., Deguillaume,
L., Mailhot, G., and Delort, A.-M.: Potential for phenol biodegradation in
cloud waters, Biogeosciences, 15, 5733–5744,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5733-2018, 2018.
Lelieveld, J. and Crutzen, P. J.: Influences of cloud photochemical
processes on tropospheric ozone, Nature, 343, 227–233, 1990.
Li, W., Yang, J., Zhang, D., Li, B., Wang, E., and Yuan, H.: Concentration
and Community of Airborne Bacteria in Response to Cyclical Haze Events
During the Fall and Midwinter in Beijing, China, Front. Microbiol.,
9, 1741, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01741, 2018.
Lighthart, B.: The ecology of bacteria in the alfresco atmosphere, FEMS
Microbiol. Ecol., 23, 263–274, 1997.
Lighthart, B. and Shaffer, B. T.: Bacterial flux from chaparral into the
atmosphere in mid-summer at a high desert location, Atmos. Environ.,
28, 1267–1274, https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)90273-9, 1994.
Lighthart, B. and Shaffer, B. T.: Viable bacterial aerosol particle size
distributions in the midsummer atmosphere at an isolated location in the
high desert chaparral, Aerobiologia, 11, 19–25, 1995.
Lindemann, J., Constantinidou, H. A., Barchet, W. R., and Upper, C. D.:
Plants as sources of airborne bacteria, including ice nucleation-active
bacteria, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 44, 1059–1063, 1982.
Lipson, D. A., Schadt, C. W., and Schmidt, S. K.: Changes in Soil Microbial
Community Structure and Function in an Alpine Dry Meadow Following Spring
Snow Melt, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 43, 307–314,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-001-1057-x, 2002.
Madronich, S., Björn, L. O., and McKenzie, R. L.: Solar UV radiation and
microbial life in the atmosphere, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 17,
1918–1931, https://doi.org/10.1039/C7PP00407A, 2018.
Männistö, M. K. and Häggblom, M. M.: Characterization of psychrotolerant heterotrophic bacteria from Finnish Lapland, Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 29, 229–243, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2005.09.001, 2006.
Marinoni, A., Parazols, M., Brigante, M., Deguillaume, L., Amato, P.,
Delort, A.-M., Laj, P., and Mailhot, G.: Hydrogen peroxide in natural cloud
water: Sources and photoreactivity, Atmos. Res., 101, 256–263,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.02.013, 2011.
Marr, A. G.: Growth rate of Escherichia coli, Microbiol. Rev.,
55, 316–333, 1991.
Martin, A., Hall, J., and Ryan, K.: Low Salinity and High-Level UV-B
Radiation Reduce Single-Cell Activity in Antarctic Sea Ice Bacteria, Appl.
Environ. Microbiol., 75, 7570, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00829-09, 2009.
Matthias-Maser, S. and Jaenicke, R.: The size distribution of primary
biological aerosol particles in the multiphase atmosphere, Aerobiologia,
16, 207–210, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007607614544, 2000.
Meisner, A., Leizeaga, A., Rousk, J., and Bååth, E.: Partial drying
accelerates bacterial growth recovery to rewetting, Soil Biol.
Biochem., 112, 269–276, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.05.016, 2017.
Michaud, J. M., Thompson, L. R., Kaul, D., Espinoza, J. L., Richter, R. A.,
Xu, Z. Z., Lee, C., Pham, K. M., Beall, C. M., Malfatti, F., Azam, F.,
Knight, R., Burkart, M. D., Dupont, C. L., and Prather, K. A.: Taxon-specific
aerosolization of bacteria and viruses in an experimental ocean-atmosphere
mesocosm, Nat. Commun., 9, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04409-z,
2018.
Middelboe, M.: Bacterial Growth Rate and Marine Virus–Host Dynamics, FEMS Microbiol.
Ecol., 40, 114–124, 2000.
Möhler, O., Georgakopoulos, D. G., Morris, C. E., Benz, S., Ebert, V.,
Hunsmann, S., Saathoff, H., Schnaiter, M., and Wagner, R.: Heterogeneous ice
nucleation activity of bacteria: new laboratory experiments at simulated
cloud conditions, Biogeosciences, 5, 1425–1435,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-1425-2008, 2008.
Monod, A. and Doussin, J. F.: Structure-activity relationship for the
estimation of OH-oxidation rate constants of aliphatic organic compounds in
the aqueous phase: alkanes, alcohols, organic acids and bases, Atmos.
Environ., 42, 7611–7622, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.06.005, 2008.
Monteil, C. L., Bardin, M., and Morris, C. E.: Features of air masses
associated with the deposition of Pseudomonas syringae and Botrytis cinerea
by rain and snowfall, ISME J., 8, 2290–2304, https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2014.55,
2014.
Morris, C. E., Glaux, C., Latour, X., Gardan, L., Samson, R., and Pitrat, M.:
The Relationship of Host Range, Physiology, and Genotype to Virulence on
Cantaloupe in Pseudomonas syringae from Cantaloupe Blight Epidemics in
France, Phytopathology, 90, 636–646, https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2000.90.6.636,
2000.
Morris, C. E., Georgakopoulos, D. G., and Sands, D. C.: Ice nucleation active
bacteria and their potential role in precipitation, J. Phys. IV France, 121,
87–103, 2004.
Myriokefalitakis, S., Fanourgakis, G., and Kanakidou, M.: The Contribution of
Bioaerosols to the Organic Carbon Budget of the Atmosphere, in: Perspectives
on Atmospheric Sciences, edited by: Karacostas, T., Bais, A., and Nastos, P. T.,
Springer International Publishing, 845–851, 2017.
Newman, I. V.: Aerobiology on commercial air routes, Nature, 161, 275–276,
1948.
Norris, V.: Why do bacteria divide?, Front. Microbiol., 6, 322,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00322, 2015.
Olson, J.: World ecosystems (WE1.4): Digital raster data on a 10 minute
geographic 1080 (2160 grid square), Global Ecosystem Database, Version 1,
1992.
Otero Fernandez, M., Thomas, R., Garton, N., Hudson, A., Haddrell, A., and
Reid, J.: Assessing the Airborne Survival of Bacteria in Populations of
Aerosol Droplets with a Novel Technology, J. R. Soc.
Interface, 16, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0779, 2019.
Paez-Rubio, T., Viau, E., Romero-Hernandez, S., and Peccia, J.: Source
Bioaerosol Concentration and rRNA Gene-Based Identification of
Microorganisms Aerosolized at a Flood Irrigation Wastewater Reuse Site,
Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 71, 804–810, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.2.804-810.2005,
2005.
Passananti, M., Vinatier, V., Delort, A.-M., Mailhot, G., and Brigante, M.:
Siderophores in Cloud Waters and Potential Impact on Atmospheric Chemistry:
Photoreactivity of Iron Complexes under Sun-Simulated Conditions, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 50, 9324–9332, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02338, 2016.
Perrino, C. and Marcovecchio, F.: A new method for assessing the
contribution of Primary Biological Atmospheric Particles to the mass
concentration of the atmospheric aerosol, Environ. Int., 87,
108–115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.11.015, 2016.
Posfai, M., Xu, H., Anderson, J. R., and Buseck, P. R.: Wet and dry sizes of
atmospheric aerosol particles: An AFM-TEM study, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
25, 1907–1910, https://doi.org/10.1029/98GL01416, 1998.
Price, P. B. and Sowers, T.: Temperature dependence of metabolic rates for
microbial growth, maintenance, and survival, P. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA, 101, 4631–4636,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400522101, 2004.
Pruppacher, H. R. and Jaenicke, R.: The processing of water vapor and
aerosols by atmospheric clouds, a global estimate, Atmos. Res., 38,
283–295, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-8095(94)00098-X, 1995.
Pruppacher, H. R. and Klett, J. D.: Microphysics of clouds and
precipitation, 2nd revised and enlarged, Kluwer Academics Publisher,
Dordrecht (NL), 954 pp., 2003.
Safieddine, S. A. and Heald, C. L.: A Global Assessment of Dissolved Organic
Carbon in Precipitation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44,
11672–11681, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL075270, 2017.
Sand-Jensen, K., Pedersen, N. L., and Sandergaard, M.: Bacterial metabolism
in small temperate streams under contemporary and future climates,
Freshwater Biol., 52, 2340–2353,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01852.x, 2007.
Šantl-Temkiv, T., Finster, K., Hansen, B. M., Pašić, L., and
Karlson, U. G.: Viable methanotrophic bacteria enriched from air and rain
can oxidize methane at cloud-like conditions, Aerobiologia, 29, 373–384,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-013-9287-1, 2013.
Šantl-Temkiv, T., Sahyoun, M., Finster, K., Hartmann, S., Augustin-Bauditz,
S., Stratmann, F., Wex, H., Clauss, T., Nielsen, N. W., Sørensen, J. H.,
Korsholm, U. S., Wick, L. Y., and Karlson, U. G.: Characterization of
airborne ice-nucleation-active bacteria and bacterial fragments, Atmos.
Environ., 109, 105–117, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.02.060, 2015.
Šantl-Temkiv, T., Gosewinkel, U., Starnawski, P., Lever, M., and Finster,
K.: Aeolian dispersal of bacteria in southwest Greenland: their sources,
abundance, diversity and physiological states, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol.,
94, 31, https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiy031, 2018.
Sattler, B., Puxbaum, H., and Psenner, B.: Bacterial growth in supercooled
cloud droplets, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 239–242,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011684, 2001.
Si, F., Li, D., Cox, S. E., Sauls, J. T., Azizi, O., Sou, C., Schwartz, A.
B., Erickstad, M. J., Jun, Y., Li, X., and Jun, S.: Invariance of Initiation
Mass and Predictability of Cell Size in Escherichia coli, Curr. Biol.,
27, 1278–1287, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.03.022, 2017.
Smith, D. J., Griffin, D. W., McPeters, R. D., Ward, P. D., and Schuerger, A.
C.: Microbial survival in the stratosphere and implications for global
dispersal, Aerobiologia, 27, 319–332, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-011-9203-5,
2011.
Smith, D. J., Ravichandar, J. D., Jain, S., Griffin, D. W., Yu, H., Tan, Q.,
Thissen, J., Lusby, T., Nicoll, P., Shedler, S., Martinez, P., Osorio, A.,
Lechniak, J., Choi, S., Sabino, K., Iverson, K., Chan, L., Jaing, C., and
McGrath, J.: Airborne Bacteria in Earth's Lower Stratosphere Resemble Taxa
Detected in the Troposphere: Results From a New NASA Aircraft Bioaerosol
Collector (ABC), Front. Microbiol., 9, 1752,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01752, 2018.
Souza, F. F. C., Rissi, D. V., Pedrosa, F. O., Souza, E. M., Baura, V. A.,
Monteiro, R. A., Balsanelli, E., Cruz, L. M., Souza, R. A. F., Andreae, M.
O., Reis, R. A., Godoi, R. H. M., and Huergo, L. F.: Uncovering prokaryotic
biodiversity within aerosols of the pristine Amazon forest, Sci.
Total Environ., 688, 83–86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.218, 2019.
Stibal, M. and Elster, J.: Growth and morphology variation as a response to
changing environmental factors in two Arctic species of Raphidonema
(Trebouxiophyceae) from snow and soil, Polar Biol., 28, 558–567,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-004-0709-y, 2005.
Tesson, S. V. M. and Santl-Temkiv, T.: Ice Nucleation Activity and Aeolian
Dispersal Success in Airborne and Aquatic Microalgae, Front.
Microbiol., 9, 2681, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02681, 2018.
Tignat-Perrier, R., Dommergue, A., Thollot, A., Keuschnig, C., Magand, O.,
Vogel, T. M., and Larose, C.: Global airborne microbial communities
controlled by surrounding landscapes and wind conditions, Sci.
Rep., 9, 14441, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51073-4, 2019.
Vaïtilingom, M., Amato, P., Sancelme, M., Laj, P., Leriche, M., and
Delort, A.-M.: Contribution of Microbial Activity to Carbon Chemistry in
Clouds, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 76, 23–29,
https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01127-09, 2010.
Vaïtilingom, M., Charbouillot, T., Deguillaume, L., Maisonobe, R.,
Parazols, M., Amato, P., Sancelme, M., and Delort, A. M.: Atmospheric
chemistry of carboxylic acids: microbial implication versus photochemistry,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 8721–8733, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-8721-2011, 2011.
Vaïtilingom, M., Attard, E., Gaiani, N., Sancelme, M., Deguillaume, L.,
Flossmann, A. I., Amato, P., and Delort, A.-M.: Long-term features of cloud
microbiology at the puy de Dôme (France), Atmos. Environ., 56,
88–100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.03.072, 2012.
Vaïtilingom, M., Deguillaume, L., Vinatier, V., Sancelme, M., Amato,
P., Chaumerliac, N., and Delort, A.-M.: Potential impact of microbial
activity on the oxidant capacity and organic carbon budget in clouds, P.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 559–564, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1205743110, 2013.
Vrede, K., Heldal, M., Norland, S., and Bratbak, G.: Elemental Composition (C, N, P) and Cell Volume of Exponentially Growing and Nutrient-Limited Bacterioplankton, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 68, 2965–2971, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.6.2965-2971.2002, 2002.
Wang, J., Rossow, W. B., and Zhang, Y.: Cloud Vertical Structure and Its
Variations from a 20-yr Global Rawinsonde Dataset, J. Clim., 13,
3041–3056, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<3041:CVSAIV>2.0.CO;2, 2000.
Wéry, N., Gales, A., and Brunet, Y.: Bioaerosol sources, in: Microbiology
of Aerosols, edited by: Delort, A. M. and Amato, P., Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley
& Sons, Inc., 115–135, 2017.
Whitman, W. B., Coleman, D. C., and Wiebe, W. J.: Prokaryotes: the unseen
majority, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 6578–6583, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.12.6578, 1998.
Wiedinmyer, C., Bowers, R. M., Fierer, N., Horanyi, E., Hannigan, M.,
Hallar, A. G., McCubbin, I., and Baustian, K.: The contribution of biological
particles to observed particulate organic carbon at a remote high altitude
site, Atmos. Environ., 43, 4278–4282,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.06.012, 2009.
Winiwarter, W., Bauer, H., Caseiro, A., and Puxbaum, H.: Quantifying
emissions of primary biological aerosol particle mass in Europe, Atmos.
Environ., 43, 1403–1409, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.01.037, 2009.
Wirgot, N., Vinatier, V., Deguillaume, L., Sancelme, M., and Delort, A.-M.: H2O2 modulates the energetic metabolism of the cloud microbiome, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14841–14851, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14841-2017, 2017.
Xiang, S.-R., Doyle, A., Holden, P. A., and Schimel, J. P.: Drying and
rewetting effects on C and N mineralization and microbial activity in
surface and subsurface California grassland soils, Soil Biol.
Biochem., 40, 2281–2289, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.004, 2008.
Xie, Z., Li, Y., Lu, R., Li, W., Fan, C., Liu, P., Wang, J., and Wang, W.:
Characteristics of total airborne microbes at various air quality levels,
J. Aerosol Sci., 116, 57–65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2017.11.001,
2018.
Short summary
Bacteria in the atmosphere are important due to their potential adverse health effects and as initiators of ice cloud formation. Observational studies suggest that bacterial cells grow and multiply in clouds and also consume organic compounds.
We estimate the role of microbial processes in the atmosphere for (i) the increase in biological aerosol mass by cell growth and multiplication and (ii) the sink strength of organics in clouds as a loss process in addition to chemical reactions.
Bacteria in the atmosphere are important due to their potential adverse health effects and as...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint