Articles | Volume 20, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14509-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14509-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
30 Nov 2020
Research article |
| 30 Nov 2020
| 30 Nov 2020
Lignin's ability to nucleate ice via immersion freezing and its stability towards physicochemical treatments and atmospheric processing
Sophie Bogler
Institute for Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich,
Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
Nadine Borduas-Dedekind
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute for Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich,
Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich,
8092, Switzerland
Related authors
Jun Zhang, Kun Li, Tiantian Wang, Erlend Gammelsæter, Rico K. Y. Cheung, Mihnea Surdu, Sophie Bogler, Deepika Bhattu, Dongyu S. Wang, Tianqu Cui, Lu Qi, Houssni Lamkaddam, Imad El Haddad, Jay G. Slowik, Andre S. H. Prevot, and David M. Bell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14561–14576, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14561-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14561-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted burning experiments to simulate various types of solid fuel combustion, including residential burning, wildfires, agricultural burning, cow dung, and plastic bag burning. The chemical composition of the particles was characterized using mass spectrometers, and new potential markers for different fuels were identified using statistical analysis. This work improves our understanding of emissions from solid fuel burning and offers support for refined source apportionment.
Michael F. Link, Megan S. Claflin, Christina E. Cecelski, Ayomide A. Akande, Delaney Kilgour, Paul A. Heine, Matthew Coggon, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Andrew Jensen, Jie Yu, Han N. Huynh, Jenna C. Ditto, Carsten Warneke, William Dresser, Keighan Gemmell, Spiro Jorga, Rileigh L. Robertson, Joost de Gouw, Timothy Bertram, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, Nadine Borduas-Dedekind, and Dustin Poppendieck
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3132, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3132, 2024
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) is widely used for the measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) both indoors and outdoors. An analytical challenge for PTR-MS measurements is the formation of unintended measurement interferences, product ion distributions (PIDs), that may appear in the data as VOCs of interest. We developed a method for quantifying PID formation and use interlaboratory comparison data to put quantitative constraints on PID formation.
Jun Zhang, Kun Li, Tiantian Wang, Erlend Gammelsæter, Rico K. Y. Cheung, Mihnea Surdu, Sophie Bogler, Deepika Bhattu, Dongyu S. Wang, Tianqu Cui, Lu Qi, Houssni Lamkaddam, Imad El Haddad, Jay G. Slowik, Andre S. H. Prevot, and David M. Bell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14561–14576, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14561-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14561-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted burning experiments to simulate various types of solid fuel combustion, including residential burning, wildfires, agricultural burning, cow dung, and plastic bag burning. The chemical composition of the particles was characterized using mass spectrometers, and new potential markers for different fuels were identified using statistical analysis. This work improves our understanding of emissions from solid fuel burning and offers support for refined source apportionment.
Yuting Lyu, Yin Hau Lam, Yitao Li, Nadine Borduas-Dedekind, and Theodora Nah
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9245–9263, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9245-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9245-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured singlet oxygen (1O2*) and triplet excited states of organic matter (3C*) in illuminated aqueous extracts of PM2.5 collected in different seasons at different sites in Hong Kong SAR, South China. In contrast to the locations, seasonality had significant effects on 3C* and 1O2* production due to seasonal variations in long-range air mass transport. The steady-state concentrations of 3C* and 1O2* correlated with the concentration and absorbance of water-soluble organic carbon.
Nadine Borduas-Dedekind, Karen C. Short, and Samuel P. Carlson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1437–1440, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1437-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1437-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This article describes the use of the open-discussion manuscript review process as an educational exercise for early career scientists.
Anna J. Miller, Killian P. Brennan, Claudia Mignani, Jörg Wieder, Robert O. David, and Nadine Borduas-Dedekind
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 3131–3151, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3131-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3131-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
To characterize atmospheric ice nuclei, we present (1) the development of our home-built droplet freezing technique (DFT), which involves the Freezing Ice Nuclei Counter (FINC), (2) an intercomparison campaign using NX-illite and an ambient sample with two other DFTs, and (3) the application of lignin as a soluble and commercial ice nuclei standard with three DFTs. We further compiled the growing number of DFTs in use for atmospheric ice nucleation since 2000 and add FINC.
Anna J. Miller, Killian P. Brennan, Claudia Mignani, Jörg Wieder, Assaf Zipori, Robert O. David, and Nadine Borduas-Dedekind
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-361, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-361, 2020
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
For characterizing atmospheric ice nuclei, we present (1) the development of our home-built droplet freezing technique (DFT), the Freezing Ice Nuclei Counter (FINC), (2) an intercomparison campaign using NX-illite and an ambient sample with three DFTs, and (3) the application of lignin as a soluble and commercial ice nuclei standard with four DFTs. We further compiled the growing number of DFTs in use for atmospheric ice nucleation since 2000, to which we add FINC.
Killian P. Brennan, Robert O. David, and Nadine Borduas-Dedekind
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 163–180, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-163-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-163-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
To contribute to our understanding of the liquid water-to-ice ratio in mixed-phase clouds, this study provides a spatial and temporal dataset of ice-nucleating particle (INP) concentrations in meltwater of 88 snow samples across 17 locations in the Swiss Alps. The impact of altitude, terrain, time since last snowfall and depth on freezing temperatures was also investigated. The measured INP concentrations provide an estimate of cloud glaciation temperatures important for cloud lifetime.
Robert O. David, Maria Cascajo-Castresana, Killian P. Brennan, Michael Rösch, Nora Els, Julia Werz, Vera Weichlinger, Lin S. Boynton, Sophie Bogler, Nadine Borduas-Dedekind, Claudia Marcolli, and Zamin A. Kanji
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 6865–6888, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6865-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6865-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present the development and applicability of the DRoplet Ice Nuclei Counter Zurich (DRINCZ). DRINCZ allows for ice nuclei in the immersion mode to be quantified between 0 and -25 °C with an uncertainty of ±0.9 °C. Furthermore, we present a new method for assessing biases in drop-freezing apparatuses and cumulative ice-nucleating-particle concentrations from snow samples collected in the Austrian Alps at the Sonnblick Observatory.
Nadine Borduas-Dedekind, Rachele Ossola, Robert O. David, Lin S. Boynton, Vera Weichlinger, Zamin A. Kanji, and Kristopher McNeill
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 12397–12412, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12397-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12397-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
During atmospheric transport, dissolved organic matter (DOM) within aqueous aerosols undergoes photochemistry. We find that photochemical processing of DOM increases its ability to form cloud droplets but decreases its ability to form ice crystals over a simulated 4.6 days in the atmosphere. A photomineralization mechanism involving the loss of organic carbon and the production of organic acids, CO and CO2 explains the observed changes and affects the liquid-water-to-ice ratio in clouds.
Tracey Leah Laban, Pieter Gideon van Zyl, Johan Paul Beukes, Ville Vakkari, Kerneels Jaars, Nadine Borduas-Dedekind, Miroslav Josipovic, Anne Mee Thompson, Markku Kulmala, and Lauri Laakso
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 15491–15514, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15491-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15491-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Surface O3 was measured at four sites in the north-eastern interior of South Africa, which revealed that O3 is a regional problem in continental South Africa, with elevated O3 levels found at rural background and industrial sites. Increased O3 concentrations were associated with high CO levels predominantly related to regional biomass burning, while the O3 production regime was established to be predominantly VOC limited. Increased O3 is associated with strong seasonality of precursor sources.
N. Borduas, B. Place, G. R. Wentworth, J. P. D. Abbatt, and J. G. Murphy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 703–714, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-703-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-703-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
HNCO is a toxic molecule and can cause cardiovascular and cataract problems through protein carbamylation once inhaled. Recently reported ambient measurements of HNCO in North America raise concerns for human exposure. To better understand HNCO's loss processes and behaviour in the atmosphere, we provide thermochemical data on HNCO. The parameters allow for more accurate predictions of its lifetime in the atmosphere and consequently help define exposure of this toxic molecule.
Related subject area
Subject: Clouds and Precipitation | Research Activity: Laboratory Studies | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Retention of α-pinene oxidation products and nitro-aromatic compounds during riming
Direct formation of HONO through aqueous-phase photolysis of organic nitrates
On the importance of multiphase photolysis of organic nitrates on their global atmospheric removal
Effects of pH and light exposure on the survival of bacteria and their ability to biodegrade organic compounds in clouds: implications for microbial activity in acidic cloud water
Towards a chemical mechanism of the oxidation of aqueous sulfur dioxide via isoprene hydroxyl hydroperoxides (ISOPOOH)
On the importance of atmospheric loss of organic nitrates by aqueous-phase ●OH oxidation
Biodegradation of phenol and catechol in cloud water: comparison to chemical oxidation in the atmospheric multiphase system
Ice nucleation activity of silicates and aluminosilicates in pure water and aqueous solutions – Part 2: Quartz and amorphous silica
Ice nucleation activity of silicates and aluminosilicates in pure water and aqueous solutions – Part 3: Aluminosilicates
Aqueous reactions of organic triplet excited states with atmospheric alkenes
The quasi-liquid layer of ice revisited: the role of temperature gradients and tip chemistry in AFM studies
Ice nucleation activity of silicates and aluminosilicates in pure water and aqueous solutions – Part 1: The K-feldspar microcline
Direct molecular-level characterization of different heterogeneous freezing modes on mica – Part 1
Chemistry of riming: the retention of organic and inorganic atmospheric trace constituents
Surface-charge-induced orientation of interfacial water suppresses heterogeneous ice nucleation on α-alumina (0001)
Screening of cloud microorganisms isolated at the Puy de Dôme (France) station for the production of biosurfactants
Comparing contact and immersion freezing from continuous flow diffusion chambers
A better understanding of hydroxyl radical photochemical sources in cloud waters collected at the puy de Dôme station – experimental versus modelled formation rates
Deposition and immersion-mode nucleation of ice by three distinct samples of volcanic ash
Organic matter matters for ice nuclei of agricultural soil origin
Effect of atmospheric organic complexation on iron-bearing dust solubility
Are sesquiterpenes a good source of secondary organic cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)? Revisiting β-caryophyllene CCN
Ice nucleation efficiency of clay minerals in the immersion mode
Atmospheric chemistry of carboxylic acids: microbial implication versus photochemistry
Yields of hydrogen peroxide from the reaction of hydroxyl radical with organic compounds in solution and ice
In-cloud processes of methacrolein under simulated conditions – Part 1: Aqueous phase photooxidation
In-cloud processes of methacrolein under simulated conditions – Part 2: Formation of secondary organic aerosol
Christine Borchers, Jackson Seymore, Martanda Gautam, Konstantin Dörholt, Yannik Müller, Andreas Arndt, Laura Gömmer, Florian Ungeheuer, Miklós Szakáll, Stephan Borrmann, Alexander Theis, Alexander Lucas Vogel, and Thorsten Hoffmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1443, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1443, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Riming, a crucial process in cloud dynamics, influences the vertical distribution of compounds in the atmosphere. Experiments in Mainz's wind tunnel investigated retention coefficients of organic compounds under varying conditions. Findings suggest a correlation between Henry's law constant and retention, applicable even to complex organic molecules.
Juan Miguel González-Sánchez, Miquel Huix-Rotllant, Nicolas Brun, Julien Morin, Carine Demelas, Amandine Durand, Sylvain Ravier, Jean-Louis Clément, and Anne Monod
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15135–15147, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15135-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15135-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Organic nitrates play a crucial role in air pollution, as they are nitrogen oxide (NOx) reservoirs. This work investigated the reaction products and mechanisms of their reactivity with light in the aqueous phase (cloud and fog conditions and wet aerosol). Our findings reveal that this chemistry leads to the formation of atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO).
Juan Miguel González-Sánchez, Nicolas Brun, Junteng Wu, Sylvain Ravier, Jean-Louis Clément, and Anne Monod
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5851–5866, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5851-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5851-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Organic nitrates play a crucial role in air pollution, as they are NOx reservoirs. This work investigated for the first time their reactivity with light in the aqueous phase (cloud and fog and wet aerosol), proving it slower than in the gas phase. Therefore, our findings reveal that partitioning of organic nitrates in the aqueous phase leads to longer atmospheric lifetimes of these compounds and thus a broader spatial distribution of their related pollution.
Yushuo Liu, Chee Kent Lim, Zhiyong Shen, Patrick K. H. Lee, and Theodora Nah
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1731–1747, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1731-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1731-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated how cloud water pH and solar radiation impact the survival and energetic metabolism of two neutrophilic bacteria species and their biodegradation of organic acids. Experiments were performed using artificial cloud water that mimicked the pH and composition of cloud water in South China. We found that there is a minimum cloud water pH threshold at which neutrophilic bacteria will survive and biodegrade organic compounds in cloud water during the daytime and/or nighttime.
Eleni Dovrou, Kelvin H. Bates, Jean C. Rivera-Rios, Joshua L. Cox, Joshua D. Shutter, and Frank N. Keutsch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8999–9008, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8999-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8999-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We examined the mechanism and products of oxidation of dissolved sulfur dioxide with the main isomers of isoprene hydroxyl hydroperoxides, via laboratory and model analysis. Two chemical mechanism pathways are proposed and the results provide an improved understanding of the broader atmospheric chemistry and role of multifunctional organic hydroperoxides, which should be the dominant VOC oxidation products under low-NO conditions, highlighting their significant contribution to sulfate formation.
Juan Miguel González-Sánchez, Nicolas Brun, Junteng Wu, Julien Morin, Brice Temime-Roussel, Sylvain Ravier, Camille Mouchel-Vallon, Jean-Louis Clément, and Anne Monod
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4915–4937, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4915-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4915-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Organic nitrates play a crucial role in air pollution as they are considered NOx reservoirs. This work lights up the importance of their reactions with OH radicals in the aqueous phase (cloud/fog, wet aerosol), which is slower than in the gas phase. For compounds that significantly partition in water such as polyfunctional biogenic nitrates, these aqueous-phase reactions should drive their atmospheric removal, leading to a broader spatial distribution of NOx than previously accounted for.
Saly Jaber, Audrey Lallement, Martine Sancelme, Martin Leremboure, Gilles Mailhot, Barbara Ervens, and Anne-Marie Delort
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4987–4997, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4987-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4987-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Current atmospheric multiphase models do not include biotransformations of organic compounds by bacteria, although many previous studies of our and other research groups have shown microbial activity in cloud water. The current lab/model study shows that for water-soluble aromatic compounds, biodegradation by bacteria may be as efficient as chemical reactions in cloud water.
Anand Kumar, Claudia Marcolli, and Thomas Peter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 6035–6058, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6035-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6035-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This paper not only interests the atmospheric science community but has a potential to cater to a broader audience. We discuss both long- and
short-term effects of various
atmospherically relevantchemical species on a fairly abundant mineral surface
Quartz. We of course discuss these chemical interactions from the perspective of fate of airborne mineral dust but the same interactions could be interesting for studies on minerals at the ground level.
Anand Kumar, Claudia Marcolli, and Thomas Peter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 6059–6084, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6059-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6059-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This paper not only interests the Atmospheric Science community but has a potential to cater to a broader audience. We discuss both long- and short-term effects of various
atmospherically relevantchemical species on fairly abundant mineral surfaces like feldspars and clays. We of course discuss these chemical interactions from the perspective of fate of airborne mineral dust but the same interactions could be interesting for studies on minerals at the ground level.
Richie Kaur, Brandi M. Hudson, Joseph Draper, Dean J. Tantillo, and Cort Anastasio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5021–5032, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5021-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5021-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Organic triplets are an important class of aqueous photooxidants, but little is known about their reactions with most atmospheric organic compounds. We measured the reaction rate constants of a model triplet with 17 aliphatic alkenes; using their correlation with oxidation potential, we predicted rate constants for some atmospherically relevant alkenes. Depending on their reactivities, triplets can be minor to important sinks for isoprene- and limonene-derived alkenes in cloud or fog drops.
Julián Gelman Constantin, Melisa M. Gianetti, María P. Longinotti, and Horacio R. Corti
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14965–14978, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14965-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14965-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Numerous studies have shown that ice surface is actually coated by a thin layer of water even for temperatures below melting temperature. This quasi-liquid layer is relevant in the atmospheric chemistry of clouds, polar regions, glaciers, and other cold regions. We present new results of atomic force microscopy on pure ice, which suggests a thickness for this layer below 1 nm between -7 ºC and -2 ºC. We propose that in many cases previous authors have overestimated this thickness.
Anand Kumar, Claudia Marcolli, Beiping Luo, and Thomas Peter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 7057–7079, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7057-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7057-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We have performed immersion freezing experiments with microcline (most active ice nucleation, IN, K-feldspar polymorph) and investigated the effect of ammonium and non-ammonium solutes on its IN efficiency. We report increased IN efficiency of microcline in dilute ammonia- or ammonium-containing solutions, which opens up a pathway for condensation freezing occurring at a warmer temperature than immersion freezing.
Ahmed Abdelmonem
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 10733–10741, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10733-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10733-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
On the basis of supercooled SHG spectroscopy, I report molecular-level evidence for the existence of one- and two-step deposition freezing depending on the surface type and the supersaturation conditions. In addition, immersion freezing shows a transient ice phase with a lifetime of c. 1 min. This study provides new insights into atmospheric processes and can impact various industrial and research branches, particularly climate change, weather modification, and tracing water in the hydrosphere.
Alexander Jost, Miklós Szakáll, Karoline Diehl, Subir K. Mitra, and Stephan Borrmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 9717–9732, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9717-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9717-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
During riming of graupel and hail, soluble chemical trace constituents contained in the liquid droplets could be retained while freezing onto the glaciated particle, or released back to the air potentially at other altitudes as retained. Quantification of retention constitutes a major uncertainty in numerical models for atmospheric chemistry and improvements hinge upon experimental determination of retention for carboxylic acids, aldehydes, SO2, H2O2, NH2, and others, as presented in this paper.
Ahmed Abdelmonem, Ellen H. G. Backus, Nadine Hoffmann, M. Alejandra Sánchez, Jenée D. Cyran, Alexei Kiselev, and Mischa Bonn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 7827–7837, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7827-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7827-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We report the effect of surface charge on heterogeneous immersion freezing for the atmospherically relevant sapphire surface. Combining linear and nonlinear optical techniques and investigating isolated drops, we find that charge-induced surface templating is detrimental for ice nucleation on α-alumina surface. This study provides new insights into atmospheric processes and can impact various industrial and research branches, particularly climate change and tracing of water in the hydrosphere.
Pascal Renard, Isabelle Canet, Martine Sancelme, Nolwenn Wirgot, Laurent Deguillaume, and Anne-Marie Delort
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 12347–12358, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12347-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12347-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A total of 480 microorganisms collected from 39 clouds sampled in France were isolated and identified. This unique collection was screened for biosurfactant production by measuring the surface tension. 41 % of the tested strains were active producers. Pseudomonas, the most frequently detected genus in clouds, was the dominant group for the production of biosurfactants. Further, the potential impact of the production of biosurfactants by cloud microorganisms on atmospheric processes is discussed.
Baban Nagare, Claudia Marcolli, André Welti, Olaf Stetzer, and Ulrike Lohmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8899–8914, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8899-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8899-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The relative importance of contact freezing and immersion freezing at mixed-phase cloud temperatures is the subject of debate. We performed experiments using continuous-flow diffusion chambers to compare the freezing efficiency of ice-nucleating particles for both these nucleation modes. Silver iodide, kaolinite and Arizona Test Dust were used as ice-nucleating particles. We could not confirm the dominance of contact freezing over immersion freezing for our experimental conditions.
A. Bianco, M. Passananti, H. Perroux, G. Voyard, C. Mouchel-Vallon, N. Chaumerliac, G. Mailhot, L. Deguillaume, and M. Brigante
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9191–9202, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9191-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9191-2015, 2015
G. P. Schill, K. Genareau, and M. A. Tolbert
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7523–7536, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7523-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7523-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Fine volcanic ash can influence cloud glaciation and, therefore, global climate. In this work we examined the heterogeneous ice nucleation properties of three distinct types of volcanic ash. We find that, in contrast to previous studies, these volcanic ash samples have different ice nucleation properties in the immersion mode. In the deposition mode, however, they nucleate ice with similar efficiency. We show that this behavior may be due to their mineralogy.
Y. Tobo, P. J. DeMott, T. C. J. Hill, A. J. Prenni, N. G. Swoboda-Colberg, G. D. Franc, and S. M. Kreidenweis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 8521–8531, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8521-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8521-2014, 2014
R. Paris and K. V. Desboeufs
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 4895–4905, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-4895-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-4895-2013, 2013
X. Tang, D. R. Cocker III, and A. Asa-Awuku
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 8377–8388, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8377-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8377-2012, 2012
V. Pinti, C. Marcolli, B. Zobrist, C. R. Hoyle, and T. Peter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5859–5878, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5859-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5859-2012, 2012
M. Vaïtilingom, T. Charbouillot, L. Deguillaume, R. Maisonobe, M. Parazols, P. Amato, M. Sancelme, and A.-M. Delort
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 8721–8733, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-8721-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-8721-2011, 2011
T. Hullar and C. Anastasio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 7209–7222, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-7209-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-7209-2011, 2011
Yao Liu, I. El Haddad, M. Scarfogliero, L. Nieto-Gligorovski, B. Temime-Roussel, E. Quivet, N. Marchand, B. Picquet-Varrault, and A. Monod
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5093–5105, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5093-2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5093-2009, 2009
I. El Haddad, Yao Liu, L. Nieto-Gligorovski, V. Michaud, B. Temime-Roussel, E. Quivet, N. Marchand, K. Sellegri, and A. Monod
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5107–5117, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5107-2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5107-2009, 2009
Cited articles
Attard, E., Yang, H., Delort, A.-M., Amato, P., Pöschl, U., Glaux, C., Koop, T., and Morris, C. E.: Effects of atmospheric conditions on ice nucleation activity of Pseudomonas, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 10667–10677, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-10667-2012, 2012.
Augustin-Bauditz, S., Wex, H., Denjean, C., Hartmann, S., Schneider, J., Schmidt, S., Ebert, M., and Stratmann, F.: Laboratory-generated mixtures of mineral dust particles with biological substances: characterization of the particle mixing state and immersion freezing behavior, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5531–5543, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5531-2016, 2016.
Axson, J. L., May, N. W., Colón-Bernal, I. D., Pratt, K. A., and Ault, A.
P.: Lake Spray Aerosol: A Chemical Signature from Individual Ambient
Particles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 9835–9845,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b01661, 2016.
Birkel, U., Gerold, G., and Niemeyer, J.: Abiotic reactions of organics on
clay mineral surfaces, in: Developments in Soil Science, edited by:
Violante, A., Huang, P. M., Bollag, J.-M., and Gianfreda, L., Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 437–447, 2002.
Boerjan, W., Ralph, J., and Baucher, M.: Lignin Biosynthesis, Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 54, 519–546,
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.54.031902.134938, 2003.
Bogler, S. and Borduas-Dedekind, N.: Lignin's ability to nucleate ice via immersion freezing and its stability towards physicochemical treatments and atmospheric processing, ETH Zurich, https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000422111, 2020.
Bond, T. C., Doherty, S. J., Fahey, D. W., Forster, P. M., Berntsen, T.,
DeAngelo, B. J., Flanner, M. G., Ghan, S., Kärcher, B., Koch, D., Kinne,
S., Kondo, Y., Quinn, P. K., Sarofim, M. C., Schultz, M. G., Schulz, M.,
Venkataraman, C., Zhang, H., Zhang, S., Bellouin, N., Guttikunda, S. K.,
Hopke, P. K., Jacobson, M. Z., Kaiser, J. W., Klimont, Z., Lohmann, U.,
Schwarz, J. P., Shindell, D., Storelvmo, T., Warren, S. G., and Zender, C.
S.: Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific
assessment, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118,
5380–5552, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50171, 2013.
Borduas-Dedekind, N., Ossola, R., David, R. O., Boynton, L. S., Weichlinger, V., Kanji, Z. A., and McNeill, K.: Photomineralization mechanism changes the ability of dissolved organic matter to activate cloud droplets and to nucleate ice crystals, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 12397–12412, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12397-2019, 2019.
Brennan, K. P., David, R. O., and Borduas-Dedekind, N.: Spatial and temporal variability in the ice-nucleating ability of alpine snowmelt and extension to frozen cloud fraction, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 163–180, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-163-2020, 2020.
Cascajo-Castresana, M., David, R. O., Iriarte-Alonso, M. A., Bittner, A. M., and Marcolli, C.: Protein aggregates nucleate ice: the example of apoferritin, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 3291–3315, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3291-2020, 2020.
Chandra, M. R. G. S. and Madakka, M.: Comparative Biochemistry
and Kinetics of Microbial Lignocellulolytic Enzymes, in: Recent Developments
in Applied Microbiology and Biochemistry, edited by: Buddolla, V., Academic Press, London, UK, 147–159, 2019.
Chung, H. and Washburn, N. R.: Extraction and Types of Lignin, in: Lignin in
Polymer Composites, edited by: Faruk, O. and Sain, M., Elsevier, Oxford, UK, 13–25, 2016.
Conen, F., Morris, C. E., Leifeld, J., Yakutin, M. V., and Alewell, C.: Biological residues define the ice nucleation properties of soil dust, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 9643–9648, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9643-2011, 2011.
Faraji, M., Fonseca, L. L., Escamilla-Treviño, L., Barros-Rios, J.,
Engle, N., Yang, Z. K., Tschaplinski, T. J., Dixon, R. A., and Voit, E. O.:
Mathematical models of lignin biosynthesis, Biotechnol. Biofuels,
11, 34, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-018-1028-9, 2018.
Giummarella, N., Lindén, P. A., Areskogh, D., and Lawoko, M.: Fractional
Profiling of Kraft Lignin Structure: Unravelling Insights on Lignin Reaction
Mechanisms, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 8, 1112–1120,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b06027, 2020.
Gute, E. and Abbatt, J. P.: Oxidative processing lowers the ice nucleation
activity of Birch and Alder pollen, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45,
1647–1653, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076357, 2018.
Hill, T. C. J., DeMott, P. J., Tobo, Y., Fröhlich-Nowoisky, J., Moffett, B. F., Franc, G. D., and Kreidenweis, S. M.: Sources of organic ice nucleating particles in soils, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 7195–7211, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7195-2016, 2016.
Hoose, C. and Möhler, O.: Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols: a review of results from laboratory experiments, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9817–9854, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9817-2012, 2012.
Huang, J., Fu, S., and Gan, L. (Eds.): Structure and Characteristics of Lignin, in: Lignin Chemistry and Applications, Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 25–50, 2019.
Irish, V. E., Elizondo, P., Chen, J., Chou, C., Charette, J., Lizotte, M., Ladino, L. A., Wilson, T. W., Gosselin, M., Murray, B. J., Polishchuk, E., Abbatt, J. P. D., Miller, L. A., and Bertram, A. K.: Ice-nucleating particles in Canadian Arctic sea-surface microlayer and bulk seawater, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 10583–10595, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10583-2017, 2017.
Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Donahue, N. M., Prevot, A. S. H., Zhang,
Q., Kroll, J. H., DeCarlo, P. F., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Ng, N. L., Aiken,
A. C., Docherty, K. S., Ulbrich, I. M., Grieshop, A. P., Robinson, A. L.,
Duplissy, J., Smith, J. D., Wilson, K. R., Lanz, V. A., Hueglin, C., Sun, Y.
L., Tian, J., Laaksonen, A., Raatikainen, T., Rautiainen, J., Vaattovaara,
P., Ehn, M., Kulmala, M., Tomlinson, J. M., Collins, D. R., Cubison, M. J.,
E, Dunlea, J., Huffman, J. A., Onasch, T. B., Alfarra, M. R., Williams, P.
I., Bower, K., Kondo, Y., Schneider, J., Drewnick, F., Borrmann, S., Weimer,
S., Demerjian, K., Salcedo, D., Cottrell, L., Griffin, R., Takami, A.,
Miyoshi, T., Hatakeyama, S., Shimono, A., Sun, J. Y., Zhang, Y. M., Dzepina,
K., Kimmel, J. R., Sueper, D., Jayne, J. T., Herndon, S. C., Trimborn, A.
M., Williams, L. R., Wood, E. C., Middlebrook, A. M., Kolb, C. E.,
Baltensperger, U., and Worsnop, D. R.: Evolution of Organic Aerosols in the
Atmosphere, Science, 326, 1525–1529, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1180353,
2009.
Kanji, Z. A., Ladino, L. A., Wex, H., Boose, Y., Burkert-Kohn, M., Cziczo,
D. J., and Krämer, M.: Overview of Ice Nucleating Particles,
Meteorological Monographs, 58, 11133,
https://doi.org/10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-16-0006.1, 2017.
Kim, J.-Y., Hwang, H., Oh, S., Kim, Y.-S., Kim, U.-J., and Choi, J. W.:
Investigation of structural modification and thermal characteristics of
lignin after heat treatment, Int.J. Biol. Macromol., 66, 57–65, 2014a.
Kim, J.-Y., Hwang, H., Park, J., Oh, S., and Choi, J. W.: Predicting
structural change of lignin macromolecules before and after heat treatment
using the pyrolysis-GC/MS technique, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol., 110, 305–312, 2014b.
Knackstedt, K. A., Moffett, B. F., Hartmann, S., Wex, H., Hill, T. C. J.,
Glasgo, E. D., Reitz, L. A., Augustin-Bauditz, S., Beall, B. F. N.,
Bullerjahn, G. S., Fröhlich-Nowoisky, J., Grawe, S., Lubitz, J.,
Stratmann, F., and McKay, R. M. L.: Terrestrial Origin for Abundant Riverine
Nanoscale Ice-Nucleating Particles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52,
12358–12367, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b03881, 2018.
Knopf, D. A., Alpert, P. A., and Wang, B.: The Role of Organic Aerosol in
Atmospheric Ice Nucleation: A Review, ACS Earth Space Chem., 2, 168–202,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.7b00120, 2018.
Korolev, A. and Field, P. R.: The Effect of Dynamics on Mixed-Phase Clouds:
Theoretical Considerations, J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 66–86,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JAS2355.1, 2008.
Kunert, A. T., Pöhlker, M. L., Tang, K., Krevert, C. S., Wieder, C., Speth, K. R., Hanson, L. E., Morris, C. E., Schmale III, D. G., Pöschl, U., and Fröhlich-Nowoisky, J.: Macromolecular fungal ice nuclei in Fusarium: effects of physical and chemical processing, Biogeosciences, 16, 4647–4659, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4647-2019, 2019.
Laszakovits, J. R., Berg, S. M., Anderson, B. G., O'Brien, J. E., Wammer, K.
H., and Sharpless, C. M.: p-Nitroanisole/pyridine and
p-nitroacetophenone/pyridine actinometers revisited: Quantum yield in
comparison to ferrioxalate, Environ. Sci. Tech. Lett.,
4, 11–14, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00422, 2016.
Lin, S. Y. and Dence, C. W.: Methods in lignin chemistry, Springer Science and Business Media, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany, 1992.
McCluskey, C. S., DeMott, P. J., Prenni, A. J., Levin, E. J. T., McMeeking,
G. R., Sullivan, A. P., Hill, T. C. J., Nakao, S., Carrico, C. M., and
Kreidenweis, S. M.: Characteristics of atmospheric ice nucleating particles
associated with biomass burning in the US: Prescribed burns and wildfires:
Biomass burning ice nucleating particles, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119,
10458–10470, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD021980, 2014.
Meyers-Schulte, K. J. and Hedges, J. I.: Molecular evidence for a
terrestrial component of organic matter dissolved in ocean water, Nature,
321, 61–63, https://doi.org/10.1038/321061a0, 1986.
Mikutta, R., Kleber, M., Kaiser, K., and Jahn, R.: Review: Organic Matter
Removal from Soils using Hydrogen Peroxide, Sodium Hypochlorite, and
Disodium Peroxodisulfate, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 69,
120–135, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2005.0120, 2005.
Miljevic, B., Hedayat, F., Stevanovic, S., Fairfull-Smith, K. E., Bottle, S.
E., and Ristovski, Z. D.: To Sonicate or Not to Sonicate PM Filters: Reactive
Oxygen Species Generation Upon Ultrasonic Irradiation, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 48, 1276–1284,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2014.981330, 2014.
Miller, A. J., Brennan, K. P., Mignani, C., Wieder, J., David, R. O., and Borduas-Dedekind, N.: Development of the drop Freezing Ice Nuclei Counter (FINC), intercomparison of droplet freezing techniques, and use of soluble lignin as an atmospheric ice nucleation standard, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-414, in review, 2020.
Moffett, B. F., Hill, T. C., and DeMott, P. J.: Abundance of biological ice
nucleating particles in the Mississippi and its major tributaries,
Atmosphere, 9, 307, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9080307, 2018.
Mülmenstädt, J., Sourdeval, O., Delanoë, J., and Quaas, J.:
Frequency of occurrence of rain from liquid-, mixed-, and ice-phase clouds
derived from A-Train satellite retrievals, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
42, 6502–6509, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064604, 2015.
Myers-Pigg, A. N., Griffin, R. J., Louchouarn, P., Norwood, M. J., Sterne,
A., and Cevik, B. K.: Signatures of Biomass Burning Aerosols in the Plume of
a Saltmarsh Wildfire in South Texas, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50,
9308–9314, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02132, 2016.
Norgren, M. and Edlund, H.: Stabilisation of kraft lignin solutions by
surfactant additions, Colloid. Surfaces A, 194, 239–248,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-7757(01)00806-8, 2001.
Norgren, M., Edlund, H., Wågberg, L., Lindström, B.,
and Annergren, G.: Aggregation of kraft lignin derivatives under conditions
relevant to the process, part I: phase behaviour, Colloid. Surfaces A., 194, 85–96, 2001.
Olson, N. E., May, N. W., Kirpes, R. M., Watson, A. E., Hajny, K. D., Slade,
J. H., Shepson, P. B., Stirm, B. H., Pratt, K. A., and Ault, A. P.: Lake
Spray Aerosol Incorporated into Great Lakes Clouds, ACS Earth Space Chem.,
3, 2765–2774, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00258,
2019.
Paramonov, M., David, R. O., Kretzschmar, R., and Kanji, Z. A.: A laboratory investigation of the ice nucleation efficiency of three types of mineral and soil dust, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 16515–16536, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16515-2018, 2018.
Perkins, R. J., Gillette, S. M., Hill, T. C. J., and DeMott, P. J.: The
Labile Nature of Ice Nucleation by Arizona Test Dust, ACS Earth Space Chem.,
4, 133–141, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00304, 2020.
Pfrang, C., Rastogi, K., Cabrera-Martinez, E. R., Seddon, A. M., Dicko, C.,
Labrador, A., Plivelic, T. S., Cowieson, N., and Squires, A. M.: Complex
three-dimensional self-assembly in proxies for atmospheric aerosols, Nat.
Commun., 8, 1724, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01918-1, 2017.
Pratt, K. A., DeMott, P. J., French, J. R., Wang, Z., Westphal, D. L.,
Heymsfield, A. J., Twohy, C. H., Prenni, A. J., and Prather, K. A.: In situ
detection of biological particles in cloud ice-crystals, Nature Geosci.,
2, 398–401, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo521, 2009.
Prenni, A. J., DeMott, P. J., Sullivan, A. P., Sullivan, R. C., Kreidenweis,
S. M., and Rogers, D. C.: Biomass burning as a potential source for
atmospheric ice nuclei: Western wildfires and prescribed burns: BIOMASS
BURNING AS A POTENTIAL IN SOURCE, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L11805, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL051915, 2012.
Pummer, B. G., Budke, C., Augustin-Bauditz, S., Niedermeier, D., Felgitsch, L., Kampf, C. J., Huber, R. G., Liedl, K. R., Loerting, T., Moschen, T., Schauperl, M., Tollinger, M., Morris, C. E., Wex, H., Grothe, H., Pöschl, U., Koop, T., and Fröhlich-Nowoisky, J.: Ice nucleation by water-soluble macromolecules, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 4077–4091, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-4077-2015, 2015.
Puxbaum, H. and Tenze-Kunit, M.: Size distribution and seasonal variation of
atmospheric cellulose, Atmos. Environ., 37, 3693–3699,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00451-5, 2003.
Qiu, Y., Hudait, A., and Molinero, V.: How Size and Aggregation of
Ice-Binding Proteins Control Their Ice Nucleation Efficiency, J. Am. Chem.
Soc., 141, 7439–7452, https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b01854, 2019.
Ralph, J., Lapierre, C., and Boerjan, W.: Lignin structure and its
engineering, Curr. Opin. Biotech., 56, 240–249,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2019.02.019, 2019.
Sánchez-Ochoa, A., Kasper-Giebl, A., Puxbaum, H., Gelencser, A.,
Legrand, M., and Pio, C.: Concentration of atmospheric cellulose: A proxy for
plant debris across a west-east transect over Europe, J. Geophys. Res.,
112, D23S08, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD008180, 2007.
Shakya, K. M., Louchouarn, P., and Griffin, R. J.: Lignin-Derived Phenols in
Houston Aerosols: Implications for Natural Background Sources, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 45, 8268–8275, https://doi.org/10.1021/es201668y, 2011.
Simoneit, B. R. T.: Biomass burning – a review of organic tracers for
smoke from incomplete combustion, Appl. Geochem., 17, 129–162,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(01)00061-0, 2002.
Slade, J. H., VanReken, T. M., Mwaniki, G. R., Bertman, S., Stirm, B., and
Shepson, P. B.: Aerosol production from the surface of the Great Lakes:
GREAT LAKES AEROSOL PRODUCTION, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L18807, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL043852, 2010.
Stark, N. M., Yelle, D. J., and Agarwal, U. P.: Techniques for Characterizing
Lignin, in: Lignin in Polymer Composites, edited by: Faruk, O. and Sain, M., Elsevier, Oxford, UK, 49–66, 2016.
Stefenelli, G., Jiang, J., Bertrand, A., Bruns, E. A., Pieber, S. M., Baltensperger, U., Marchand, N., Aksoyoglu, S., Prévôt, A. S. H., Slowik, J. G., and El Haddad, I.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from smoldering and flaming combustion of biomass: a box model parametrization based on volatility basis set, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11461–11484, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11461-2019, 2019.
Steinke, I., Hiranuma, N., Funk, R., Höhler, K., Tüllmann, N., Umo, N. S., Weidler, P. G., Möhler, O., and Leisner, T.: Complex plant-derived organic aerosol as ice-nucleating particles – more than the sums of their parts?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11387–11397, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11387-2020, 2020.
Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K.,
Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M.: Climate
change 2013: The physical science basis, Cambridge University Press
Cambridge, UK, 2013.
Storelvmo, T., Hoose, C., and Eriksson, P.: Global modeling of mixed-phase
clouds: The albedo and lifetime effects of aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.,
116, D05207, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014724, 2011.
Suski, K. J., Hill, T. C. J., Levin, E. J. T., Miller, A., DeMott, P. J., and Kreidenweis, S. M.: Agricultural harvesting emissions of ice-nucleating particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13755–13771, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13755-2018, 2018.
Tiwari, S. and Agrawal, M.: Ozone Concentrations in Troposphere: Historical
and Current Perspectives, in: Tropospheric
Ozone and its Impacts on Crop Plants: A Threat to Future Global Food
Security, edited by: Tiwari, S. and Agrawal, M., Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 1–29, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71873-6_1, 2018.
Tobo, Y., DeMott, P. J., Hill, T. C. J., Prenni, A. J., Swoboda-Colberg, N. G., Franc, G. D., and Kreidenweis, S. M.: Organic matter matters for ice nuclei of agricultural soil origin, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 8521–8531, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8521-2014, 2014.
Vaghjiani, G. L. and Ravishankara, A. R.: Absorption cross sections of
CH3OOH, H2O2, and D2O2 vapors between 210 and 365 nm at 297 K, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 94, 3487–3492,
https://doi.org/10.1029/JD094iD03p03487, 1989.
Vainio, U., Maximova, N., Hortling, B., Laine, J., Stenius, P., Simola, L.
K., Gravitis, J., and Serimaa, R.: Morphology of Dry Lignins and Size and
Shape of Dissolved Kraft Lignin Particles by X-ray Scattering, Langmuir,
20, 9736–9744, https://doi.org/10.1021/la048407v, 2004.
Vali, G.: Quantitative evaluation of experimental results an the
heterogeneous freezing nucleation of supercooled liquids, J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 402–409, 1971.
Vali, G.: Repeatability and randomness in heterogeneous freezing nucleation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5017–5031, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-5017-2008, 2008.
Vali, G.: Revisiting the differential freezing nucleus spectra derived from drop-freezing experiments: methods of calculation, applications, and confidence limits, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 1219–1231, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1219-2019, 2019.
Vanholme, R., De Meester, B., Ralph, J., and Boerjan, W.: Lignin biosynthesis
and its integration into metabolism, Curr. Opin. Biotech., 56,
230–239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2019.02.018, 2019.
Wilson, T. W., Ladino, L. A., Alpert, P. A., Breckels, M. N., Brooks, I. M.,
Browse, J., Burrows, S. M., Carslaw, K. S., Huffman, J. A., Judd, C., Kilthau, W. P., Mason, R. H., McFiggans, G., Miller, L. A., Nájera, J. J., Polishchuk, E., Rae, S., Schiller, C. L., Si, M., Vergara Temprado, J., Whale, T. F., Wong, J. P. S., Wurl, O., Yakobi-Hancock, J. D., Abbatt, J. P. D., Aller, J. Y., Bertram, A. K., Knopf, D. A., and Murray, B. J.: A marine biogenic source of atmospheric ice-nucleating particles,
Nature, 525, 234–238, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14986, 2015.
Zark, M. and Dittmar, T.: Universal molecular structures in natural
dissolved organic matter, Nat. Commun., 9, 3178,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05665-9, 2018.
Short summary
To study the role of organic matter in ice crystal formation, we investigated the ice nucleation ability of a subcomponent of organic aerosols, the biopolymer lignin, using a droplet-freezing technique. We found that lignin is an ice-active macromolecule with changing abilities based on dilutions. The effects of atmospheric processing and of physicochemical treatments on the ability of lignin solutions to freeze were negligible. Thus, lignin is a recalcitrant ice-nucleating macromolecule.
To study the role of organic matter in ice crystal formation, we investigated the ice nucleation...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint