Articles | Volume 18, issue 23
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 16979–17001, 2018
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16979-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 16979–17001, 2018
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16979-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
30 Nov 2018
Research article
| 30 Nov 2018
Elucidating real-world vehicle emission factors from mobile measurements over a large metropolitan region: a focus on isocyanic acid, hydrogen cyanide, and black carbon
Sumi N. Wren et al.
Related authors
Debora Griffin, Chris A. McLinden, Enrico Dammers, Cristen Adams, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Carsten Warneke, Ilann Bourgeois, Jeff Peischl, Thomas B. Ryerson, Kyle J. Zarzana, Jake P. Rowe, Rainer Volkamer, Christoph Knote, Natalie Kille, Theodore K. Koenig, Christopher F. Lee, Drew Rollins, Pamela S. Rickly, Jack Chen, Lukas Fehr, Adam Bourassa, Doug Degenstein, Katherine Hayden, Cristian Mihele, Sumi N. Wren, John Liggio, Ayodeji Akingunola, and Paul Makar
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7929–7957, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7929-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7929-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite-derived NOx emissions from biomass burning are estimated with TROPOMI observations. Two common emission estimation methods are applied, and sensitivity tests with model output were performed to determine the accuracy of these methods. The effect of smoke aerosols on TROPOMI NO2 columns is estimated and compared to aircraft observations from four different aircraft campaigns measuring biomass burning plumes in 2018 and 2019 in North America.
Irene Cheng, Leiming Zhang, Zhuanshi He, Hazel Cathcart, Daniel Houle, Amanda Cole, Jian Feng, Jason O'Brien, Anne Marie Macdonald, Julian Aherne, and Jeffrey Brook
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-400, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-400, 2022
Preprint under review for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) deposition decreased significantly at 14 Canadian sites during 2000–2018. The greatest decline was observed in southeastern Canada owing to regional SO2 and NOx reductions. Wet deposition was more important than dry deposition, comprising 71–95 % of total N and 45–89 % of total S deposition. While critical loads (CL) were exceeded at a few sites in the early 2000s, acidic deposition has declined below CL after 2012, which signifies recovery from legacy acidification.
Katherine Hayden, Shao-Meng Li, John Liggio, Michael Wheeler, Jeremy Wentzell, Amy Leithead, Peter Brickell, Richard Mittermeier, Zachary Oldham, Cris Mihele, Ralf Staebler, Samar Moussa, Andrea Darlington, Alexandra Steffen, Mengistu Wolde, Daniel Thompson, Jack Chen, Debora Griffin, Ellen Eckert, Jenna Ditto, Megan He, and Drew Gentner
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-245, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-245, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, airborne measurements provided the most detailed characterization, to date, of boreal forest wildfire emissions. Measurements showed a large diversity of air pollutants expanding the volatility range typically reported. A large portion of organic species was unidentified, likely comprised of complex organic compounds. Aircraft-derived emissions improve wildfire chemical speciation and can support reliable model predictions of pollution from boreal forest wildfires.
Mahtab Majdzadeh, Craig A. Stroud, Christopher Sioris, Paul A. Makar, Ayodeji Akingunola, Chris McLinden, Xiaoyi Zhao, Michael D. Moran, Ihab Abboud, and Jack Chen
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 219–249, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-219-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-219-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A new lookup table for aerosol optical properties based on a Mie scattering code was calculated and adopted within an improved version of the photolysis module in the GEM-MACH in-line chemical transport model. The modified version of the photolysis module makes use of online interactive aerosol feedback and applies core-shell parameterizations to the black carbon absorption efficiency based on Bond et al. (2006) to the size bins with black carbon mass fraction of less than 40 %.
Debora Griffin, Chris A. McLinden, Enrico Dammers, Cristen Adams, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Carsten Warneke, Ilann Bourgeois, Jeff Peischl, Thomas B. Ryerson, Kyle J. Zarzana, Jake P. Rowe, Rainer Volkamer, Christoph Knote, Natalie Kille, Theodore K. Koenig, Christopher F. Lee, Drew Rollins, Pamela S. Rickly, Jack Chen, Lukas Fehr, Adam Bourassa, Doug Degenstein, Katherine Hayden, Cristian Mihele, Sumi N. Wren, John Liggio, Ayodeji Akingunola, and Paul Makar
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7929–7957, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7929-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7929-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite-derived NOx emissions from biomass burning are estimated with TROPOMI observations. Two common emission estimation methods are applied, and sensitivity tests with model output were performed to determine the accuracy of these methods. The effect of smoke aerosols on TROPOMI NO2 columns is estimated and compared to aircraft observations from four different aircraft campaigns measuring biomass burning plumes in 2018 and 2019 in North America.
Chong Han, Hongxing Yang, Kun Li, Patrick Lee, John Liggio, Amy Leithead, and Shao-Meng Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-965, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-965, 2021
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
We presented yields and compositions of Si-containing SOA generated from the reaction of cVMS (D3-D6) with OH radicals. NOx played negative roles on cVMS SOA formation, while ammonium sulfate seeds enhanced D3-D5 SOA yields at short photochemical ages under high-NOx conditions. The aerosol mass spectra confirmed that the components of cVMS SOA significantly relied on OH exposure. A global cVMS-derived SOA source strength was estimated to understand SOA formation potentials of cVMS.
Sepehr Fathi, Mark Gordon, Paul A. Makar, Ayodeji Akingunola, Andrea Darlington, John Liggio, Katherine Hayden, and Shao-Meng Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15461–15491, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15461-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15461-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We have investigated the accuracy of aircraft-based mass balance methodologies through computer model simulations of the atmosphere and air quality at a regional high-resolution scale. We have defined new quantitative metrics to reduce emission retrieval uncertainty by evaluating top-down mass balance estimates against the known simulated meteorology and input emissions. We also recommend methodologies and flight strategies for improved retrievals in future aircraft-based studies.
Paul A. Makar, Craig Stroud, Ayodeji Akingunola, Junhua Zhang, Shuzhan Ren, Philip Cheung, and Qiong Zheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12291–12316, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12291-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12291-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Vehicle pollutant emissions occur in an environment where upward transport can be enhanced due to the turbulence created by the vehicles as they move through the atmosphere. An approach for including these turbulence effects in regional air pollution forecast models has been derived from theoretical, observation, and higher-resolution modeling. The enhanced mixing, which occurs in the immediate vicinity of roadways, changes pollutant concentrations on the regional to continental scale.
Paul A. Makar, Ayodeji Akingunola, Jack Chen, Balbir Pabla, Wanmin Gong, Craig Stroud, Christopher Sioris, Kerry Anderson, Philip Cheung, Junhua Zhang, and Jason Milbrandt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10557–10587, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10557-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10557-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We have examined the effects of airborne particles on absorption and scattering of incoming sunlight by the particles themselves via cloud formation. We used an advanced, combined high-resolution weather forecast and chemical transport computer model, for western North America, and simulations with and without the connections between particles and weather enabled. Feedbacks improved weather and air pollution forecasts and changed cloud behaviour and forest-fire pollutant amount and height.
Konstantin Baibakov, Samuel LeBlanc, Keyvan Ranjbar, Norman T. O'Neill, Mengistu Wolde, Jens Redemann, Kristina Pistone, Shao-Meng Li, John Liggio, Katherine Hayden, Tak W. Chan, Michael J. Wheeler, Leonid Nichman, Connor Flynn, and Roy Johnson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10671–10687, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10671-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10671-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We find that the airborne measurements of the vertical extinction due to aerosols (aerosol optical depth, AOD) obtained in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) can significantly exceed ground-based values. This can have an effect on estimating the AOSR radiative impact and is relevant to satellite validation based on ground-based measurements. We also show that the AOD can marginally increase as the plumes are being transported away from the source and the new particles are being formed.
Katherine Hayden, Shao-Meng Li, Paul Makar, John Liggio, Samar G. Moussa, Ayodeji Akingunola, Robert McLaren, Ralf M. Staebler, Andrea Darlington, Jason O'Brien, Junhua Zhang, Mengistu Wolde, and Leiming Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8377–8392, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8377-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8377-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a method using aircraft measurements to determine lifetimes with respect to dry deposition for oxidized sulfur and nitrogen compounds over the boreal forest in Alberta, Canada. Atmospheric lifetimes were significantly shorter than derived from chemical transport models with differences related to modelled dry deposition velocities. The shorter lifetimes suggest models need to reassess dry deposition treatment and predictions of sulfur and nitrogen in the atmosphere and ecosystems.
David S. McLagan, Geoff W. Stupple, Andrea Darlington, Katherine Hayden, and Alexandra Steffen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5635–5653, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5635-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5635-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
An assessment of mercury emissions from a burning boreal forest was made by flying an aircraft through its plume to collect in situ gas and particulate measurements. Direct data show that in-plume gaseous elemental mercury concentrations reach up to 2.4× background for this fire and up to 5.6× when using a correlation with CO data. These unique data are applied to a series of known empirical emissions estimates and used to highlight current uncertainties in the literature.
Yuan You, Ralf M. Staebler, Samar G. Moussa, James Beck, and Richard L. Mittermeier
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 1879–1892, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1879-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1879-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Tailings ponds in the Alberta oil sands can be significant sources of methane, an important greenhouse gas. This paper describes a 1-month study conducted in 2017 to measure methane emissions from a pond using a variety of micrometeorological flux methods and demonstrates some advantages of these methods over flux chambers.
Jenna C. Ditto, Megan He, Tori N. Hass-Mitchell, Samar G. Moussa, Katherine Hayden, Shao-Meng Li, John Liggio, Amy Leithead, Patrick Lee, Michael J. Wheeler, Jeremy J. B. Wentzell, and Drew R. Gentner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 255–267, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-255-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-255-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Forest fires are an important source of reactive organic gases and aerosols to the atmosphere. We analyzed organic aerosols collected from an aircraft above a boreal forest fire and reported an increasing contribution from compounds containing oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur as the plume aged, with sulfide and ring-bound nitrogen functionality. Our results demonstrated chemistry that is important in biomass burning but also in urban/developing regions with high local nitrogen and sulfur emissions.
E. Morris, X. Liu, A. Manwar, D. Y. Zang, G. Evans, J. Brook, B. Rousseau, C. Clark, and J. MacIsaac
ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., VI-4-W2-2020, 119–126, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-VI-4-W2-2020-119-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-VI-4-W2-2020-119-2020, 2020
Zoë Y. W. Davis, Udo Frieß, Kevin B. Strawbridge, Monika Aggarwaal, Sabour Baray, Elijah G. Schnitzler, Akshay Lobo, Vitali E. Fioletov, Ihab Abboud, Chris A. McLinden, Jim Whiteway, Megan D. Willis, Alex K. Y. Lee, Jeff Brook, Jason Olfert, Jason O'Brien, Ralf Staebler, Hans D. Osthoff, Cristian Mihele, and Robert McLaren
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1129–1155, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1129-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1129-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Here, we evaluate a ground-based remote sensing method (MAX-DOAS) for measuring total pollutant loading and vertical profiles of pollution in the lower atmosphere by comparing our method to a variety of other measurement methods (lidar, sunphotometer, active DOAS, and aircraft measurements). Measurements were made in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region in Alberta, Canada. The complex dataset provided a rare opportunity to evaluate the performance of MAX-DOAS under varying atmospheric conditions.
Alex K. Y. Lee, Max G. Adam, John Liggio, Shao-Meng Li, Kun Li, Megan D. Willis, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, Travis W. Tokarek, Charles A. Odame-Ankrah, Hans D. Osthoff, Kevin Strawbridge, and Jeffery R. Brook
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 12209–12219, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12209-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12209-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This work provides the first direct field evidence that anthropogenic organo-nitrate contributed up to half of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass that was freshly produced within the emission plumes of oil sands facilities in Alberta, Canada. The findings illustrate the central role of organo-nitrate in SOA production from the oil and gas industry, with relevance for other urban and industrial regions with significant intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) and NOx emissions.
Nathan Hilker, Jonathan M. Wang, Cheol-Heon Jeong, Robert M. Healy, Uwayemi Sofowote, Jerzy Debosz, Yushan Su, Michael Noble, Anthony Munoz, Geoff Doerksen, Luc White, Céline Audette, Dennis Herod, Jeffrey R. Brook, and Greg J. Evans
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 5247–5261, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5247-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5247-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Increased interest in monitoring air quality near roadways, combined with traffic's often unclear contribution to elevated concentrations, has created a need for better interpretation of these data. Using 2 years of measurements collected during a near-road monitoring project in Canada, this paper contrasts three methods for estimating the fraction of roadside pollution resulting from on-road traffic. Robustness of these methods was compared with tandem measurements at background locations.
Kun Li, John Liggio, Patrick Lee, Chong Han, Qifan Liu, and Shao-Meng Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 9715–9731, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9715-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9715-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A new oxidation flow reactor was developed and applied to study the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from precursors associated with oil-sands (OS) operations. The results reveal that the SOA yields from OS precursors are related to the volatilities of precursors and that open-pit mining is the main source of SOA formed from oil sands. In addition, cyclic alkanes are found to play an important role in SOA formation from oil-sands precursors.
Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, W. Richard Leaitch, Amir A. Aliabadi, Allan K. Bertram, Jean-Pierre Blanchet, Aude Boivin-Rioux, Heiko Bozem, Julia Burkart, Rachel Y. W. Chang, Joannie Charette, Jai P. Chaubey, Robert J. Christensen, Ana Cirisan, Douglas B. Collins, Betty Croft, Joelle Dionne, Greg J. Evans, Christopher G. Fletcher, Martí Galí, Roghayeh Ghahremaninezhad, Eric Girard, Wanmin Gong, Michel Gosselin, Margaux Gourdal, Sarah J. Hanna, Hakase Hayashida, Andreas B. Herber, Sareh Hesaraki, Peter Hoor, Lin Huang, Rachel Hussherr, Victoria E. Irish, Setigui A. Keita, John K. Kodros, Franziska Köllner, Felicia Kolonjari, Daniel Kunkel, Luis A. Ladino, Kathy Law, Maurice Levasseur, Quentin Libois, John Liggio, Martine Lizotte, Katrina M. Macdonald, Rashed Mahmood, Randall V. Martin, Ryan H. Mason, Lisa A. Miller, Alexander Moravek, Eric Mortenson, Emma L. Mungall, Jennifer G. Murphy, Maryam Namazi, Ann-Lise Norman, Norman T. O'Neill, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Lynn M. Russell, Johannes Schneider, Hannes Schulz, Sangeeta Sharma, Meng Si, Ralf M. Staebler, Nadja S. Steiner, Jennie L. Thomas, Knut von Salzen, Jeremy J. B. Wentzell, Megan D. Willis, Gregory R. Wentworth, Jun-Wei Xu, and Jacqueline D. Yakobi-Hancock
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 2527–2560, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2527-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2527-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic is experiencing considerable environmental change with climate warming, illustrated by the dramatic decrease in sea-ice extent. It is important to understand both the natural and perturbed Arctic systems to gain a better understanding of how they will change in the future. This paper summarizes new insights into the relationships between Arctic aerosol particles and climate, as learned over the past five or so years by a large Canadian research consortium, NETCARE.
Victoria E. Irish, Sarah J. Hanna, Megan D. Willis, Swarup China, Jennie L. Thomas, Jeremy J. B. Wentzell, Ana Cirisan, Meng Si, W. Richard Leaitch, Jennifer G. Murphy, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, Alexander Laskin, Eric Girard, and Allan K. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 1027–1039, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1027-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1027-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Ice nucleating particles (INPs) are atmospheric particles that catalyse the formation of ice crystals in clouds. INPs influence the Earth's radiative balance and hydrological cycle. In this study we measured the concentrations of INPs in the Canadian Arctic marine boundary layer. Average INP concentrations fell within the range measured in other marine boundary layer locations. We also found that mineral dust is a more important contributor to the INP population than sea spray aerosol.
Kevin B. Strawbridge, Michael S. Travis, Bernard J. Firanski, Jeffrey R. Brook, Ralf Staebler, and Thierry Leblanc
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 6735–6759, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6735-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6735-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Environment and Climate Change Canada has recently developed a fully autonomous, mobile lidar system to simultaneously measure the vertical profile of tropospheric ozone, aerosol and water vapor from near the ground to altitudes reaching 10–15 km. These atmospheric constituents play an important role in climate, air quality, and human and ecosystem health. Using an autonomous multi-lidar approach provides a continuous dataset rich in information for atmospheric process studies.
Travis W. Tokarek, Charles A. Odame-Ankrah, Jennifer A. Huo, Robert McLaren, Alex K. Y. Lee, Max G. Adam, Megan D. Willis, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, Cristian Mihele, Andrea Darlington, Richard L. Mittermeier, Kevin Strawbridge, Katherine L. Hayden, Jason S. Olfert, Elijah G. Schnitzler, Duncan K. Brownsey, Faisal V. Assad, Gregory R. Wentworth, Alex G. Tevlin, Douglas E. J. Worthy, Shao-Meng Li, John Liggio, Jeffrey R. Brook, and Hans D. Osthoff
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 17819–17841, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17819-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17819-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of air pollutants at a ground site near Fort McKay in the Athabasca oil sands region in the summer of 2013 are presented. A large number of intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) were observed; these molecules were shown previously to generate atmospheric particles downwind of the region. A principal component analysis was performed to identify major pollution source types, including which source(s) is(are) associated with IVOC emissions (e.g., freshly mined bitumen).
Meng Si, Victoria E. Irish, Ryan H. Mason, Jesús Vergara-Temprado, Sarah J. Hanna, Luis A. Ladino, Jacqueline D. Yakobi-Hancock, Corinne L. Schiller, Jeremy J. B. Wentzell, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, Ken S. Carslaw, Benjamin J. Murray, and Allan K. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 15669–15685, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15669-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15669-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Using the concentrations of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) and total aerosol particles measured at three coastal marine sites, the ice-nucleating ability of aerosol particles on a per number basis and a per surface-area basis were determined as a function of size. The ice-nucleating ability was strongly dependent on size, with larger particles being more efficient. This type of information can help determine the sources of INPs and constrain the future modelling of INPs and mixed-phase clouds.
Craig A. Stroud, Paul A. Makar, Junhua Zhang, Michael D. Moran, Ayodeji Akingunola, Shao-Meng Li, Amy Leithead, Katherine Hayden, and May Siu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13531–13545, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13531-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13531-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
It is shown that using measurement-derived volatile organic compound (VOC) and organic aerosol (OA) emissions in the GEM-MACH air quality model provides better overall predictions compared to using bottom-up emission inventories. This work was done to better constrain the fugitive organic emissions from the Athabasca oil sands region, which are a challenge to estimate with bottom-up emission approaches. We use observations from the 2013 Joint Oil Sands Monitoring study.
Emma L. Mungall, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, Jeremy J. B. Wentzell, Gregory R. Wentworth, Jennifer G. Murphy, Daniel Kunkel, Ellen Gute, David W. Tarasick, Sangeeta Sharma, Christopher J. Cox, Taneil Uttal, and John Liggio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 10237–10254, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10237-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10237-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We measured gas-phase formic and acetic acid at Alert, Nunavut. These acids play an important role in cloud water acidity in remote environments, yet they are not well represented in chemical transport models, particularly in the Arctic. We observed high levels of formic and acetic acid under both cold, wet, and cloudy and warm, sunny, and dry conditions, suggesting that multiple sources significantly contribute to gas-phase concentrations of these species in the summer Arctic.
Paul A. Makar, Ayodeji Akingunola, Julian Aherne, Amanda S. Cole, Yayne-abeba Aklilu, Junhua Zhang, Isaac Wong, Katherine Hayden, Shao-Meng Li, Jane Kirk, Ken Scott, Michael D. Moran, Alain Robichaud, Hazel Cathcart, Pegah Baratzedah, Balbir Pabla, Philip Cheung, Qiong Zheng, and Dean S. Jeffries
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 9897–9927, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9897-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9897-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Complex computer model output was compared to and fused with observation data, to estimate potential damage due to acidifying precipitation for ecosystems in the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. Estimated deposition was compared to the maximum no-damage ecosystem capacity for sulfur and/or nitrogen uptake; these critical loads were exceeded, for areas between 10 000 and 330 000 square kilometres, depending on ecosystem type: ecosystem damage will occur at 2013 emission levels.
Cynthia H. Whaley, Elisabeth Galarneau, Paul A. Makar, Ayodeji Akingunola, Wanmin Gong, Sylvie Gravel, Michael D. Moran, Craig Stroud, Junhua Zhang, and Qiong Zheng
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 2609–2632, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2609-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2609-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new, high-resolution, North American model of PAHs and benzene, which are toxic air pollutants that cause a variety of negative health impacts. Our simulation in a densely populated region of Canada and the U.S. shows that the model is improved over a previous model. The new model is particularly refined regarding the gas–particle partitioning of these pollutants, which has impacts on deposition and inhalation. The simulation was sensitive to the selection of vehicle emissions.
Sabour Baray, Andrea Darlington, Mark Gordon, Katherine L. Hayden, Amy Leithead, Shao-Meng Li, Peter S. K. Liu, Richard L. Mittermeier, Samar G. Moussa, Jason O'Brien, Ralph Staebler, Mengistu Wolde, Doug Worthy, and Robert McLaren
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 7361–7378, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7361-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7361-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Methane emissions from major oil sands facilities in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) of Alberta were measured in the summer of 2013 using two related aircraft mass-balance approaches. Tailings ponds and fugitive emissions of methane from open pit mines were found to be the major sources of methane in the region. Total methane emissions in the AOSR were measured to be ~ 20 tonnes of CH4 per hour, which is 48 % higher than the Canadian Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program Emissions Inventory.
Stephanie C. Pugliese, Jennifer G. Murphy, Felix R. Vogel, Michael D. Moran, Junhua Zhang, Qiong Zheng, Craig A. Stroud, Shuzhan Ren, Douglas Worthy, and Gregoire Broquet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3387–3401, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3387-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3387-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We developed the Southern Ontario CO2 Emissions (SOCE) inventory, which identifies the spatial and temporal distribution (2.5 km and hourly, respectively) of CO2 emissions from seven source sectors. When the SOCE inventory was used with a chemistry transport model, we found strong agreement between modelled and measured mixing ratios. We were able to quantify that natural gas combustion contributes > 80 % of CO2 emissions at nighttime while on-road emissions contribute > 70 % during the day.
Yuan You, Ralf M. Staebler, Samar G. Moussa, Yushan Su, Tony Munoz, Craig Stroud, Junhua Zhang, and Michael D. Moran
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14119–14143, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14119-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14119-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
A novel approach for traffic emission measurements is shown to have the capacity to provide high-time-resolution accurate concentrations of key air pollutants. A top-down method for quantifying real-world emission rates produced vehicular emission factor estimates for carbon monoxide that agreed well with bottom-up values. Significant ammonia and hydrogen cyanide emissions were observed. The main factors modulating the concentrations were turbulent mixing and traffic density.
Catherine Phillips-Smith, Cheol-Heon Jeong, Robert M. Healy, Ewa Dabek-Zlotorzynska, Valbona Celo, Jeffrey R. Brook, and Greg Evans
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 9435–9449, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9435-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9435-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The sources of PM2.5 components exhibited short-term variabilities, and their contributions were identified in the Athabasca oil sands region. Much of the trace elements were found to originate from anthropogenic activities, i.e., oil sands upgrading and on- and off-road transportation. Some of these anthropogenic activities became better defined and understood only through highly time-resolved measurements, which can help guide further studies and policy decisions in the oil sands area.
John Liggio, Samar G. Moussa, Jeremy Wentzell, Andrea Darlington, Peter Liu, Amy Leithead, Katherine Hayden, Jason O'Brien, Richard L. Mittermeier, Ralf Staebler, Mengistu Wolde, and Shao-Meng Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8411–8427, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8411-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8411-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The emission and formation of gaseous organic acids from the oil sands industry in Canada is explored through aircraft measurements directly over and downwind wind of industrial facilities. Results demonstrated that the formation of organic acids through atmospheric chemical reactions dominated over the direct emissions from mining activities but could not be explicitly modeled. The results highlight the need for improved understanding of photochemical mechanisms leading to these species.
Yuemei Han, Craig A. Stroud, John Liggio, and Shao-Meng Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13929–13944, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13929-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13929-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the acidity effect on the yield and chemical composition of α-pinene secondary organic aerosol based on a series of laboratory experiments performed using a photochemical reaction chamber under high- and low-NOx conditions. We have found that the acidity effect largely depends on NOx level and the inorganic acidity has a significant role to play in determining various organic aerosol chemical properties such as mass yields, oxidation state, and organic nitrate content.
Graydon Snider, Crystal L. Weagle, Kalaivani K. Murdymootoo, Amanda Ring, Yvonne Ritchie, Emily Stone, Ainsley Walsh, Clement Akoshile, Nguyen Xuan Anh, Rajasekhar Balasubramanian, Jeff Brook, Fatimah D. Qonitan, Jinlu Dong, Derek Griffith, Kebin He, Brent N. Holben, Ralph Kahn, Nofel Lagrosas, Puji Lestari, Zongwei Ma, Amit Misra, Leslie K. Norford, Eduardo J. Quel, Abdus Salam, Bret Schichtel, Lior Segev, Sachchida Tripathi, Chien Wang, Chao Yu, Qiang Zhang, Yuxuan Zhang, Michael Brauer, Aaron Cohen, Mark D. Gibson, Yang Liu, J. Vanderlei Martins, Yinon Rudich, and Randall V. Martin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 9629–9653, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9629-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9629-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We examine the chemical composition of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) collected on filters at traditionally undersampled, globally dispersed urban locations. Several PM2.5 chemical components (e.g. ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and black carbon) vary by more than an order of magnitude between sites while aerosol hygroscopicity varies by a factor of 2. Enhanced anthropogenic dust fractions in large urban areas are apparent from high Zn : Al ratios.
Vitali E. Fioletov, Chris A. McLinden, Alexander Cede, Jonathan Davies, Cristian Mihele, Stoyka Netcheva, Shao-Meng Li, and Jason O'Brien
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2961–2976, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2961-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2961-2016, 2016
Alex K. Y. Lee, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, W. Richard Leaitch, Shao-Meng Li, Steve J. Sjostedt, Jeremy J. B. Wentzell, John Liggio, and Anne Marie Macdonald
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 6721–6733, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6721-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6721-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Substantial biogenic secondary organic aerosol (BSOA) formation was investigated in a coniferous forest mountain region in Whistler, British Columbia. A largely biogenic aerosol growth episode was observed, providing a unique opportunity to investigate BSOA formation chemistry in a forested environment. In particular, our observations provide insights into the relative importance of different oxidation mechanisms between day and night.
Emma L. Mungall, Betty Croft, Martine Lizotte, Jennie L. Thomas, Jennifer G. Murphy, Maurice Levasseur, Randall V. Martin, Jeremy J. B. Wentzell, John Liggio, and Jonathan P. D. Abbatt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 6665–6680, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6665-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6665-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Previous work has suggested that marine emissions of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) could impact the Arctic climate through interactions with clouds. We made the first high-time-resolution measurements of summertime atmospheric DMS in the Canadian Arctic, and performed source sensitivity simulations. We found that regional marine sources dominated, but do not appear to be sufficient to explain our observations. Understanding DMS sources in the Arctic is necessary to model future climate in the region.
Bin Yuan, John Liggio, Jeremy Wentzell, Shao-Meng Li, Harald Stark, James M. Roberts, Jessica Gilman, Brian Lerner, Carsten Warneke, Rui Li, Amy Leithead, Hans D. Osthoff, Robert Wild, Steven S. Brown, and Joost A. de Gouw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2139–2153, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2139-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2139-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We describe high-resolution measurements of nitrated phenols using a time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (ToF-CIMS). Strong diurnal profiles were observed for nitrated phenols, with concentration maxima at night. Box model simulations were able to reproduce the measured nitrated phenols.
M. W. Shephard, C. A. McLinden, K. E. Cady-Pereira, M. Luo, S. G. Moussa, A. Leithead, J. Liggio, R. M. Staebler, A. Akingunola, P. Makar, P. Lehr, J. Zhang, D. K. Henze, D. B. Millet, J. O. Bash, L. Zhu, K. C. Wells, S. L. Capps, S. Chaliyakunnel, M. Gordon, K. Hayden, J. R. Brook, M. Wolde, and S.-M. Li
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 5189–5211, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-5189-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-5189-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides direct validations of Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) satellite retrieved profiles against coincident aircraft profiles of carbon monoxide, ammonia, methanol, and formic acid, all of which are of interest for air quality. The comparisons are performed over the Canadian oil sands region during an intensive field campaign in support of the Joint Canada-Alberta Implementation Plan for the Oil Sands Monitoring (JOSM). Initial model evaluations are also provided.
Y. Liu, J. Liggio, R. Staebler, and S.-M. Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 13569–13584, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13569-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13569-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This work for the first time demonstrated that organonitrogen compounds (NOC) can be formed efficiently via the uptake of ammonia by newly formed secondary organic aerosol using a smog chamber equipped with a HR-ToF-AMS. Based on the measured kinetics, this study suggests that light absorption by NOC in atmospheric particles may be important in regions where the BC contribution is minimal and NOC from ammonia should be considered with respect to overall deposition of nitrogen to ecosystems.
N. D. Rider, Y. M. Taha, C. A. Odame-Ankrah, J. A. Huo, T. W. Tokarek, E. Cairns, S. G. Moussa, J. Liggio, and H. D. Osthoff
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 2737–2748, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2737-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2737-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A photochemical source of peroxycarboxylic nitric anhydrides (PANs) in which a dialkyl ketone (acetone, diethyl-, di-isopropyl, or di-n-propyl ketone) in the presence of oxygen and nitric oxide is photodissociated by arrays of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) is described. The source output was analyzed by gas chromatography and thermal dissociation cavity ring-down spectroscopy and modeled using the Master Chemical Mechanism.
G. Snider, C. L. Weagle, R. V. Martin, A. van Donkelaar, K. Conrad, D. Cunningham, C. Gordon, M. Zwicker, C. Akoshile, P. Artaxo, N. X. Anh, J. Brook, J. Dong, R. M. Garland, R. Greenwald, D. Griffith, K. He, B. N. Holben, R. Kahn, I. Koren, N. Lagrosas, P. Lestari, Z. Ma, J. Vanderlei Martins, E. J. Quel, Y. Rudich, A. Salam, S. N. Tripathi, C. Yu, Q. Zhang, Y. Zhang, M. Brauer, A. Cohen, M. D. Gibson, and Y. Liu
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 505–521, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-505-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-505-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We have initiated a global network of ground-level monitoring stations to measure concentrations of fine aerosols in urban environments. Our findings include major ions species, total mass, and total scatter at three wavelengths. Results will be used to further evaluate and enhance satellite remote sensing estimates.
L. Huang, S. L. Gong, M. Gordon, J. Liggio, R. Staebler, C. A. Stroud, G. Lu, C. Mihele, J. R. Brook, and C. Q. Jia
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 12631–12648, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12631-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12631-2014, 2014
Y. Liu, L. Huang, S.-M. Li, T. Harner, and J. Liggio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 12195–12207, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12195-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12195-2014, 2014
Y. Liu, S.-M. Li, and J. Liggio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9201–9211, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9201-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9201-2014, 2014
M. Gordon, A. Vlasenko, R. M. Staebler, C. Stroud, P. A. Makar, J. Liggio, S.-M. Li, and S. Brown
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9087–9097, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9087-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9087-2014, 2014
M. L. McGuire, R. Y.-W. Chang, J. G. Slowik, C.-H. Jeong, R. M. Healy, G. Lu, C. Mihele, J. P. D. Abbatt, J. R. Brook, and G. J. Evans
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 8017–8042, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8017-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8017-2014, 2014
I. Levy, C. Mihele, G. Lu, J. Narayan, N. Hilker, and J. R. Brook
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7173–7193, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7173-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7173-2014, 2014
D. Mendolia, R. J. C. D'Souza, G. J. Evans, and J. Brook
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 2907–2924, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2907-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2907-2013, 2013
J. R. Brook, P. A. Makar, D. M. L. Sills, K. L. Hayden, and R. McLaren
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10461–10482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10461-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10461-2013, 2013
L. Ahlm, K. M. Shakya, L. M. Russell, J. C. Schroder, J. P. S. Wong, S. J. Sjostedt, K. L. Hayden, J. Liggio, J. J. B. Wentzell, H. A. Wiebe, C. Mihele, W. R. Leaitch, and A. M. Macdonald
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3393–3407, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3393-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3393-2013, 2013
J. Liggio and S.-M. Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 2989–3002, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2989-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2989-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Gases | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Tropical peat fire emissions: 2019 field measurements in Sumatra and Borneo and synthesis with previous studies
Sulfuric acid in the Amazon basin: measurements and evaluation of existing sulfuric acid proxies
Seasonal variation in oxygenated organic molecules in urban Beijing and their contribution to secondary organic aerosol
Oxygenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as significant but varied contributors to VOC emissions from vehicles
The impacts of wildfires on ozone production and boundary layer dynamics in California's Central Valley
Distribution of hydrogen peroxide over Europe during the BLUESKY aircraft campaign
Eddy covariance measurements highlight sources of nitrogen oxide emissions missing from inventories for central London
Budget of nitrous acid (HONO) at an urban site in the fall season of Guangzhou, China
Long-term trend of ozone pollution in China during 2014–2020: distinct seasonal and spatial characteristics and ozone sensitivity
Investigation of new particle formation mechanisms and aerosol processes at Marambio Station, Antarctic Peninsula
Measurement report: Variations in surface SO2 and NOx mixing ratios from 2004 to 2016 at a background site in the North China Plain
Fate of the nitrate radical at the summit of a semi-rural mountain site in Germany assessed with direct reactivity measurements
Spatiotemporal variations of the δ(O2 ∕ N2), CO2 and δ(APO) in the troposphere over the western North Pacific
OH and HO2 radical chemistry at a suburban site during the EXPLORE-YRD campaign in 2018
Towards reconstructing the Arctic atmospheric methane history over the 20th century: measurement and modelling results for the North Greenland Ice Core Project firn
Atmospheric gas-phase composition over the Indian Ocean
Joint occurrence of heatwaves and ozone pollution and increased health risks in Beijing, China: role of synoptic weather pattern and urbanization
Using atmospheric trace gas vertical profiles to evaluate model fluxes: a case study of Arctic-CAP observations and GEOS simulations for the ABoVE domain
An evaluation of new particle formation events in Helsinki during a Baltic Sea cyanobacterial summer bloom
Oceanic emissions of dimethyl sulfide and methanethiol and their contribution to sulfur dioxide production in the marine atmosphere
An investigation into the chemistry of HONO in the marine boundary layer at Tudor Hill Marine Atmospheric Observatory in Bermuda
Tropospheric ozone production and chemical regime analysis during the COVID-19 lockdown over Europe
Overview: On the transport and transformation of pollutants in the outflow of major population centres – observational data from the EMeRGe European intensive operational period in summer 2017
Interannual variability of terpenoid emissions in an alpine city
Observations and modelling of glyoxal in the tropical Atlantic marine boundary layer
Top-down and bottom-up estimates of anthropogenic methyl bromide emissions from eastern China
Direct measurements of ozone response to emissions perturbations in California
Reconciling the total carbon budget for boreal forest wildfire emissions using airborne observations
Ground-based investigation of HOx and ozone chemistry in biomass burning plumes in rural Idaho
Insights into the significant increase in ozone during COVID-19 in a typical urban city of China
Quantification and assessment of methane emissions from offshore oil and gas facilities on the Norwegian continental shelf
Full latitudinal marine atmospheric measurements of iodine monoxide
Direct observations indicate photodegradable oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) as larger contributors to radicals and ozone production in the atmosphere
Assessing vehicle fuel efficiency using a dense network of CO2 observations
Odds and ends of atmospheric mercury in Europe and over the North Atlantic Ocean: temporal trends of 25 years of measurements
Interpretation of NO3–N2O5 observation via steady state in high-aerosol air mass: the impact of equilibrium coefficient in ambient conditions
Global emissions of perfluorocyclobutane (PFC-318, c-C4F8) resulting from the use of hydrochlorofluorocarbon-22 (HCFC-22) feedstock to produce polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and related fluorochemicals
Atmospheric measurements at Mt. Tai – Part I: HONO formation and its role in the oxidizing capacity of the upper boundary layer
Variations and sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban region: insights from measurements on a tall tower
Urban inland wintertime N2O5 and ClNO2 influenced by snow-covered ground, air turbulence, and precipitation
First observation of mercury species on an important water vapor channel in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Swiss halocarbon emissions for 2019 to 2020 assessed from regional atmospheric observations
Measurement report: Long-term measurements of aerosol precursor concentrations in the Finnish subarctic boreal forest
The Fires, Asian, and Stratospheric Transport–Las Vegas Ozone Study (FAST-LVOS)
Measurement report: Intra-, inter-annual variability and source apportionment of VOCs during 2018–2020 in Zhengzhou, Central China
Measurement report: Long-term variations in surface NOx and SO2 mixing ratios from 2006 to 2016 at a background site in the Yangtze River Delta region, China
Atmospheric measurements at Mt. Tai – Part II: HONO budget and radical (ROx + NO3) chemistry in the lower boundary layer
Exploration of the atmospheric chemistry of nitrous acid in a coastal city of southeastern China: results from measurements across four seasons
Measurement report: Ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pollution at urban Beijing: characteristics, sources, and implications for pollution control
Formaldehyde evolution in US wildfire plumes during the Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality experiment (FIREX-AQ)
Robert J. Yokelson, Bambang H. Saharjo, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Erianto I. Putra, Thilina Jayarathne, Acep Akbar, Israr Albar, Donald R. Blake, Laura L. B. Graham, Agus Kurniawan, Simone Meinardi, Diah Ningrum, Ati D. Nurhayati, Asmadi Saad, Niken Sakuntaladewi, Eko Setianto, Isobel J. Simpson, Elizabeth A. Stone, Sigit Sutikno, Andri Thomas, Kevin C. Ryan, and Mark A. Cochrane
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10173–10194, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10173-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10173-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fire plus non-fire GHG emissions associated with draining peatlands are the largest per area of any land use change considered by the IPCC. To characterize average and variability for tropical peat fire emissions, highly mobile smoke sampling teams were deployed across four Indonesian provinces to explore an extended interannual, climatic, and spatial range. Large adjustments to IPCC-recommended emissions are suggested. Lab data bolster an extensive emissions database for tropical peat fires.
Deanna C. Myers, Saewung Kim, Steven Sjostedt, Alex B. Guenther, Roger Seco, Oscar Vega Bustillos, Julio Tota, Rodrigo A. F. Souza, and James N. Smith
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10061–10076, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10061-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10061-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first measurements of gas-phase sulfuric acid from the Amazon basin and evaluate the efficacy of existing sulfuric acid parameterizations in this understudied region. Sulfuric acid is produced during the daytime and nighttime, though current proxies underestimate nighttime production. These results illustrate the need for better parameterizations of sulfuric acid and its precursors that are informed by measurements across a broad range of locations.
Yishuo Guo, Chao Yan, Yuliang Liu, Xiaohui Qiao, Feixue Zheng, Ying Zhang, Ying Zhou, Chang Li, Xiaolong Fan, Zhuohui Lin, Zemin Feng, Yusheng Zhang, Penggang Zheng, Linhui Tian, Wei Nie, Zhe Wang, Dandan Huang, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Lei Yao, Lubna Dada, Federico Bianchi, Jingkun Jiang, Yongchun Liu, Veli-Matti Kerminen, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10077–10097, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10077-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10077-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Gaseous oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs) are able to form atmospheric aerosols, which will impact on human health and climate change. Here, we find that OOMs in urban Beijing are dominated by anthropogenic sources, i.e. aromatic (29 %–41 %) and aliphatic (26 %–41 %) OOMs. They are also the main contributors to the condensational growth of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). Therefore, the restriction on anthropogenic VOCs is crucial for the reduction of SOAs and haze formation.
Sihang Wang, Bin Yuan, Caihong Wu, Chaomin Wang, Tiange Li, Xianjun He, Yibo Huangfu, Jipeng Qi, Xiao-Bing Li, Qing'e Sha, Manni Zhu, Shengrong Lou, Hongli Wang, Thomas Karl, Martin Graus, Zibing Yuan, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9703–9720, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9703-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9703-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from vehicles are measured using online mass spectrometers. Differences between gasoline and diesel vehicles are observed with higher emission factors of most oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) and heavier aromatics from diesel vehicles. A higher aromatics / toluene ratio could provide good indicators to distinguish emissions from both vehicle types. We show that OVOCs account for significant contributions to VOC emissions from vehicles, especially diesel vehicles.
Keming Pan and Ian C. Faloona
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9681–9702, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9681-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9681-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work represents a unique analysis of 10 existing air quality network sites and meteorological sites, two AmeriFlux sites, and a radio acoustic sounding system in the Central Valley of California during five consecutive fire seasons, June through September, from 2016 to 2020. We find that the ozone production rate increases by ~ 50 % during wildfire influenced periods. Wildfire smoke also decreases the heat flux by 30 % and results in 12 % lower mixed-layer height.
Zaneta T. Hamryszczak, Andrea Pozzer, Florian Obersteiner, Birger Bohn, Benedikt Steil, Jos Lelieveld, and Horst Fischer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9483–9497, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9483-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9483-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrogen peroxide plays a pivotal role in the chemistry of the atmosphere. Together with organic hydroperoxides, it forms a reservoir for peroxy radicals, which are known to be the key contributors to the self-cleaning processes of the atmosphere. Hydroperoxides were measured over Europe during the BLUESKY campaign in May–June 2020. The paper gives an overview of the distribution of the species in the troposphere and investigates the impact of wet scavenging and deposition on the budget of H2O2.
Will S. Drysdale, Adam R. Vaughan, Freya A. Squires, Sam J. Cliff, Stefan Metzger, David Durden, Natchaya Pingintha-Durden, Carole Helfter, Eiko Nemitz, C. Sue B. Grimmond, Janet Barlow, Sean Beevers, Gregor Stewart, David Dajnak, Ruth M. Purvis, and James D. Lee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9413–9433, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9413-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9413-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of NOx emissions are important for a good understanding of air quality. While there are many direct measurements of NOx concentration, there are very few measurements of its emission. Measurements of emissions provide constraints on emissions inventories and air quality models. This article presents measurements of NOx emission from the BT Tower in central London in 2017 and compares them with inventories, finding that they underestimate by a factor of ∼1.48.
Yihang Yu, Peng Cheng, Huirong Li, Wenda Yang, Baobin Han, Wei Song, Weiwei Hu, Xinming Wang, Bin Yuan, Min Shao, Zhijiong Huang, Zhen Li, Junyu Zheng, Haichao Wang, and Xiaofang Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8951–8971, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8951-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8951-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We have investigated the budget of HONO at an urban site in Guangzhou. Budget and comprehensive uncertainty analysis suggest that at such locations as ours, HONO direct emissions and NO + OH can become comparable or even surpass other HONO sources that typically receive greater attention and interest, such as the NO2 heterogeneous source and the unknown daytime photolytic source. Our findings emphasize the need to reduce the uncertainties of both conventional and novel HONO sources and sinks.
Wenjie Wang, David D. Parrish, Siwen Wang, Fengxia Bao, Ruijing Ni, Xin Li, Suding Yang, Hongli Wang, Yafang Cheng, and Hang Su
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8935–8949, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8935-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8935-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Tropospheric ozone is an air pollutant that is detrimental to human health, vegetation and ecosystem productivity. A comprehensive characterisation of the spatial and temporal distribution of tropospheric ozone is critical to our understanding of these issues. Here we summarise this distribution over China from the available observational records to the extent possible. This study provides insights into efficient future ozone control strategies in China.
Lauriane L. J. Quéléver, Lubna Dada, Eija Asmi, Janne Lampilahti, Tommy Chan, Jonathan E. Ferrara, Gustavo E. Copes, German Pérez-Fogwill, Luis Barreira, Minna Aurela, Douglas R. Worsnop, Tuija Jokinen, and Mikko Sipilä
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8417–8437, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8417-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8417-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding how aerosols form is crucial for correctly modeling the climate and improving future predictions. This work provides extensive analysis of aerosol particles and their precursors at Marambio Station, Antarctic Peninsula. We show that sulfuric acid, ammonia, and dimethylamine are key contributors to the frequent new particle formation events observed at the site. We discuss nucleation mechanisms and highlight the need for targeted measurement to fully understand these processes.
Xueli Liu, Liang Ran, Weili Lin, Xiaobin Xu, Zhiqiang Ma, Fan Dong, Di He, Liyan Zhou, Qingfeng Shi, and Yao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7071–7085, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7071-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7071-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Significant decreases in annual mean NOx from 2011 to 2016 and SO2 from 2008 to 2016 confirm the effectiveness of relevant control measures on the reduction in NOx and SO2 emissions in the North China Plain (NCP). NOx at SDZ had a weaker influence than SO2 on the emission reduction in Beijing and other areas in the NCP. An increase in the number of motor vehicles and weak traffic restrictions have caused vehicle emissions of NOx, which indicates that NOx emission control should be strengthened.
Patrick Dewald, Clara M. Nussbaumer, Jan Schuladen, Akima Ringsdorf, Achim Edtbauer, Horst Fischer, Jonathan Williams, Jos Lelieveld, and John N. Crowley
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7051–7069, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7051-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7051-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the gas-phase reactivity of the NO3 radical on the summit (825 m a.s.l.) of a semi-rural mountain in southwestern Germany in July 2021. The impact of VOC-induced NO3 losses (mostly monoterpenes) competing with a loss by reaction with NO and photolysis throughout the diel cycle was estimated. Besides chemistry, boundary layer dynamics and plant-physiological processes presumably have a great impact on our observations, which were compared to previous NO3 measurements at the same site.
Shigeyuki Ishidoya, Kazuhiro Tsuboi, Yosuke Niwa, Hidekazu Matsueda, Shohei Murayama, Kentaro Ishijima, and Kazuyuki Saito
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6953–6970, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6953-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6953-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The atmospheric O2 / N2 ratio and CO2 concentration over the western North Pacific are presented. We found significant modification of the seasonal APO cycle in the middle troposphere due to the interhemispheric mixing of air. APO driven by the net marine biological activities indicated annual sea–air O2 flux during El Niño. Terrestrial biospheric and oceanic CO2 uptakes during 2012–2019 were estimated to be 1.8 and 2.8 Pg C a−1, respectively.
Xuefei Ma, Zhaofeng Tan, Keding Lu, Xinping Yang, Xiaorui Chen, Haichao Wang, Shiyi Chen, Xin Fang, Shule Li, Xin Li, Jingwei Liu, Ying Liu, Shengrong Lou, Wanyi Qiu, Hongli Wang, Limin Zeng, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7005–7028, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7005-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7005-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the first OH and HO2 radical observations made in the Yangtze River Delta in China, and strong oxidation capacity is discovered based on direct measurements. The impacts of new OH regeneration mechanisms, monoterpene oxidation, and HO2 uptake processes are examined and discussed. The sources and the factors to sustain such strong oxidation are the key to understanding the ozone pollution formed in this area.
Taku Umezawa, Satoshi Sugawara, Kenji Kawamura, Ikumi Oyabu, Stephen J. Andrews, Takuya Saito, Shuji Aoki, and Takakiyo Nakazawa
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6899–6917, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6899-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6899-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Greenhouse gas methane in the Arctic atmosphere has not been accurately reported for 1900–1980 from either direct observations or ice core reconstructions. By using trace gas data from firn (compacted snow layers above ice sheet), air samples at two Greenland sites, and a firn air transport model, this study suggests a likely range of the Arctic methane reconstruction for the 20th century. Atmospheric scenarios from two previous studies are also evaluated for consistency with the firn data sets.
Susann Tegtmeier, Christa Marandino, Yue Jia, Birgit Quack, and Anoop S. Mahajan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6625–6676, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6625-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6625-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In the atmosphere over the Indian Ocean, intense anthropogenic pollution from Southeast Asia mixes with pristine oceanic air. During the winter monsoon, high pollution levels are regularly observed over the entire northern Indian Ocean, while during the summer monsoon, clean air dominates. Here, we review current progress in detecting and understanding atmospheric gas-phase composition over the Indian Ocean and its impacts on the upper atmosphere, oceanic biogeochemistry, and marine ecosystems.
Lian Zong, Yuanjian Yang, Haiyun Xia, Meng Gao, Zhaobin Sun, Zuofang Zheng, Xianxiang Li, Guicai Ning, Yubin Li, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6523–6538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6523-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6523-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Heatwaves (HWs) paired with higher ozone (O3) concentration at surface level pose a serious threat to human health. Taking Beijing as an example, three unfavorable synoptic weather patterns were identified to dominate the compound HW and O3 pollution events. Under the synergistic stress of HWs and O3 pollution, public mortality risk increased, and synoptic patterns and urbanization enhanced the compound risk of events in Beijing by 33.09 % and 18.95 %, respectively.
Colm Sweeney, Abhishek Chatterjee, Sonja Wolter, Kathryn McKain, Robert Bogue, Stephen Conley, Tim Newberger, Lei Hu, Lesley Ott, Benjamin Poulter, Luke Schiferl, Brad Weir, Zhen Zhang, and Charles E. Miller
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6347–6364, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6347-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6347-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic Carbon Atmospheric Profiles (Arctic-CAP) project demonstrates the utility of aircraft profiles for independent evaluation of model-derived emissions and uptake of atmospheric CO2, CH4, and CO from land and ocean. Comparison with the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) modeling system suggests that fluxes of CO2 are very consistent with observations, while those of CH4 have some regional and seasonal biases, and that CO comparison is complicated by transport errors.
Roseline C. Thakur, Lubna Dada, Lisa J. Beck, Lauriane L. J. Quéléver, Tommy Chan, Marjan Marbouti, Xu-Cheng He, Carlton Xavier, Juha Sulo, Janne Lampilahti, Markus Lampimäki, Yee Jun Tham, Nina Sarnela, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Alf Norkko, Markku Kulmala, Mikko Sipilä, and Tuija Jokinen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6365–6391, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6365-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6365-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Every year intense cyanobacterial and macroalgal blooms occur in the Baltic Sea and in the coastal areas surrounding Helsinki, yet no studies have addressed the impact of biogenic emissions from these blooms on gas vapor concentrations, which in turn could influence new particle formation. This is the first study of its kind to address the chemistry driving new particle formation (NPF) during a bloom period in this region, highlighting the role of biogenic sulfuric acid and iodic acid.
Gordon A. Novak, Delaney B. Kilgour, Christopher M. Jernigan, Michael P. Vermeuel, and Timothy H. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6309–6325, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6309-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6309-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We describe field measurements of the mixing ratio and oceanic emission flux of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and methanethiol (MeSH) from a coastal ocean site. DMS is known to impact aerosol formation and growth in the marine atmosphere, influencing cloud formation and climate. Measurements of MeSH, which is produced by the same oceanic source as DMS, are rare. We show that MeSH emissions are large and must be measured alongside DMS to understand marine sulfur chemistry and aerosol formation.
Yuting Zhu, Youfeng Wang, Xianliang Zhou, Yasin F. Elshorbany, Chunxiang Ye, Matthew Hayden, and Andrew J. Peters
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6327–6346, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6327-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6327-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The daytime chemistry of nitrous acid (HONO), which plays an important role in the oxidation capacity of the troposphere, is not well understood. In this work, we report new field measurement results of HONO and the relevant parameters in the marine boundary layer at Tudor Hill Marine Atmospheric Observatory in Bermuda. We evaluate the daytime HONO budgets in air masses under different types of interaction with the island and examine the strengths of different HONO formation and loss mechanisms.
Clara M. Nussbaumer, Andrea Pozzer, Ivan Tadic, Lenard Röder, Florian Obersteiner, Hartwig Harder, Jos Lelieveld, and Horst Fischer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6151–6165, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6151-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6151-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The European COVID-19 lockdowns have significantly reduced the emission of primary pollutants such as NOx, which impacts the tropospheric photochemical processes and the abundance of O3. In this study, we present how the lockdowns have affected tropospheric trace gases and ozone production based on in situ observations and modeling simulations. We additionally show that the chemical regime shifted from a transition point to a NOx limitation in the upper troposphere.
M. Dolores Andrés Hernández, Andreas Hilboll, Helmut Ziereis, Eric Förster, Ovid O. Krüger, Katharina Kaiser, Johannes Schneider, Francesca Barnaba, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Jörg Schmidt, Heidi Huntrieser, Anne-Marlene Blechschmidt, Midhun George, Vladyslav Nenakhov, Theresa Harlass, Bruna A. Holanda, Jennifer Wolf, Lisa Eirenschmalz, Marc Krebsbach, Mira L. Pöhlker, Anna B. Kalisz Hedegaard, Linlu Mei, Klaus Pfeilsticker, Yangzhuoran Liu, Ralf Koppmann, Hans Schlager, Birger Bohn, Ulrich Schumann, Andreas Richter, Benjamin Schreiner, Daniel Sauer, Robert Baumann, Mariano Mertens, Patrick Jöckel, Markus Kilian, Greta Stratmann, Christopher Pöhlker, Monica Campanelli, Marco Pandolfi, Michael Sicard, José L. Gómez-Amo, Manuel Pujadas, Katja Bigge, Flora Kluge, Anja Schwarz, Nikos Daskalakis, David Walter, Andreas Zahn, Ulrich Pöschl, Harald Bönisch, Stephan Borrmann, Ulrich Platt, and John P. Burrows
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5877–5924, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5877-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5877-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
EMeRGe provides a unique set of in situ and remote sensing airborne measurements of trace gases and aerosol particles along selected flight routes in the lower troposphere over Europe. The interpretation uses also complementary collocated ground-based and satellite measurements. The collected data help to improve the current understanding of the complex spatial distribution of trace gases and aerosol particles resulting from mixing, transport, and transformation of pollution plumes over Europe.
Lisa Kaser, Arianna Peron, Martin Graus, Marcus Striednig, Georg Wohlfahrt, Stanislav Juráň, and Thomas Karl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5603–5618, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5603-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5603-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (e.g., terpenoids) play an essential role in atmospheric chemistry. Urban greening activities need to consider the ozone- and aerosol-forming potential of these compounds released from vegetation. NMVOC emissions in urban environments are complex, and the biogenic component remains poorly quantified. For summer conditions biogenic emissions dominate terpene emissions and heat waves can significantly modulate urban biogenic terpenoid emissions.
Hannah Walker, Daniel Stone, Trevor Ingham, Sina Hackenberg, Danny Cryer, Shalini Punjabi, Katie Read, James Lee, Lisa Whalley, Dominick V. Spracklen, Lucy J. Carpenter, Steve R. Arnold, and Dwayne E. Heard
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5535–5557, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5535-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5535-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Glyoxal is a ubiquitous reactive organic compound in the atmosphere, which may form organic aerosol and impact the atmosphere's oxidising capacity. There are limited measurements of glyoxal's abundance in the remote marine atmosphere. We made new measurements of glyoxal using a highly sensitive technique over two 4-week periods in the tropical Atlantic atmosphere. We show that daytime measurements are mostly consistent with our chemical understanding but a potential missing source at night.
Haklim Choi, Mi-Kyung Park, Paul J. Fraser, Hyeri Park, Sohyeon Geum, Jens Mühle, Jooil Kim, Ian Porter, Peter K. Salameh, Christina M. Harth, Bronwyn L. Dunse, Paul B. Krummel, Ray F. Weiss, Simon O'Doherty, Dickon Young, and Sunyoung Park
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5157–5173, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5157-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5157-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We observed 12-year continuous CH3Br pollution signals at Gosan and estimated anthropogenic CH3Br emissions in eastern China. The analysis revealed a significant discrepancy between top-down estimates and the bottom-up emissions from the fumigation usage reported to the United Nations Environment Programme, likely due to unreported or inaccurately reported fumigation usage. This result provides information to monitor international compliance with the Montreal Protocol.
Shenglun Wu, Hyung Joo Lee, Andrea Anderson, Shang Liu, Toshihiro Kuwayama, John H. Seinfeld, and Michael J. Kleeman
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4929–4949, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4929-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4929-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
An ozone control experiment usually conducted in the laboratory was installed in a trailer and moved to the outdoor environment to directly confirm that we are controlling the right sources in order to lower ambient ozone concentrations. Adding small amounts of precursor oxides of nitrogen and volatile organic compounds to ambient air showed that the highest ozone concentrations are best controlled by reducing concentrations of oxides of nitrogen. The results confirm satellite measurements.
Katherine Hayden, Shao-Meng Li, John Liggio, Michael Wheeler, Jeremy Wentzell, Amy Leithead, Peter Brickell, Richard Mittermeier, Zachary Oldham, Cris Mihele, Ralf Staebler, Samar Moussa, Andrea Darlington, Alexandra Steffen, Mengistu Wolde, Daniel Thompson, Jack Chen, Debora Griffin, Ellen Eckert, Jenna Ditto, Megan He, and Drew Gentner
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-245, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-245, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, airborne measurements provided the most detailed characterization, to date, of boreal forest wildfire emissions. Measurements showed a large diversity of air pollutants expanding the volatility range typically reported. A large portion of organic species was unidentified, likely comprised of complex organic compounds. Aircraft-derived emissions improve wildfire chemical speciation and can support reliable model predictions of pollution from boreal forest wildfires.
Andrew J. Lindsay, Daniel C. Anderson, Rebecca A. Wernis, Yutong Liang, Allen H. Goldstein, Scott C. Herndon, Joseph R. Roscioli, Christoph Dyroff, Ed C. Fortner, Philip L. Croteau, Francesca Majluf, Jordan E. Krechmer, Tara I. Yacovitch, Walter B. Knighton, and Ezra C. Wood
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4909–4928, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4909-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4909-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Wildfire smoke dramatically impacts air quality and often has elevated concentrations of ozone. We present measurements of ozone and its precursors at a rural site periodically impacted by wildfire smoke. Measurements of total peroxy radicals, key ozone precursors that have been studied little within wildfires, compare well with chemical box model predictions. Our results indicate no serious issues with using current chemistry mechanisms to model chemistry in aged wildfire plumes.
Kun Zhang, Zhiqiang Liu, Xiaojuan Zhang, Qing Li, Andrew Jensen, Wen Tan, Ling Huang, Yangjun Wang, Joost de Gouw, and Li Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4853–4866, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4853-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4853-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A significant increase in O3 concentrations was found during the lockdown period of COVID-19 in most areas of China. By field measurements coupled with machine learning, an observation-based model (OBM) and sensitivity analysis, we found the changes in the NOx / VOC ratio were a key reason for the significant rise in O3. To restrain O3 pollution, more efforts should be devoted to the control of anthropogenic OVOCs, alkenes and aromatics.
Amy Foulds, Grant Allen, Jacob T. Shaw, Prudence Bateson, Patrick A. Barker, Langwen Huang, Joseph R. Pitt, James D. Lee, Shona E. Wilde, Pamela Dominutti, Ruth M. Purvis, David Lowry, James L. France, Rebecca E. Fisher, Alina Fiehn, Magdalena Pühl, Stéphane J. B. Bauguitte, Stephen A. Conley, Mackenzie L. Smith, Tom Lachlan-Cope, Ignacio Pisso, and Stefan Schwietzke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4303–4322, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4303-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4303-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We measured CH4 emissions from 21 offshore oil and gas facilities in the Norwegian Sea in 2019. Measurements compared well with operator-reported emissions but were greatly underestimated when compared with a 2016 global fossil fuel inventory. This study demonstrates the need for up-to-date and accurate inventories for use in research and policy and the important benefits of best-practice reporting methods by operators. Airborne measurements are an effective tool to validate such inventories.
Hisahiro Takashima, Yugo Kanaya, Saki Kato, Martina M. Friedrich, Michel Van Roozendael, Fumikazu Taketani, Takuma Miyakawa, Yuichi Komazaki, Carlos A. Cuevas, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, and Takashi Sekiya
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4005–4018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4005-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4005-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We have undertaken atmospheric iodine monoxide (IO) observations in the global marine boundary layer with a wide latitudinal coverage and sea surface temperature (SST) range. We conclude that atmospheric iodine is abundant over the Western Pacific warm pool, appearing as an iodine fountain, where ozone (O3) minima occur. Our study also found negative correlations between IO and O3 concentrations over IO maxima, which requires reconsideration of the initiation process of halogen activation.
Wenjie Wang, Bin Yuan, Yuwen Peng, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Suxia Yang, Caihong Wu, Jipeng Qi, Fengxia Bao, Yibo Huangfu, Chaomin Wang, Chenshuo Ye, Zelong Wang, Baolin Wang, Xinming Wang, Wei Song, Weiwei Hu, Peng Cheng, Manni Zhu, Junyu Zheng, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4117–4128, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4117-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4117-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
From thorough measurements of numerous oxygenated volatile organic compounds, we show that their photodissociation can be important for radical production and ozone formation in the atmosphere. This effect was underestimated in previous studies, as measurements of them were lacking.
Helen L. Fitzmaurice, Alexander J. Turner, Jinsol Kim, Katherine Chan, Erin R. Delaria, Catherine Newman, Paul Wooldridge, and Ronald C. Cohen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3891–3900, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3891-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3891-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
On-road emissions are thought to vary widely from existing predictions, as the effects of the age of the vehicle fleet, the performance of emission control systems, and variations in speed are difficult to assess under ambient driving conditions. We present an observational approach to characterize on-road emissions and show that the method is consistent with other approaches to within ~ 3 %.
Danilo Custódio, Katrine Aspmo Pfaffhuber, T. Gerard Spain, Fidel F. Pankratov, Iana Strigunova, Koketso Molepo, Henrik Skov, Johannes Bieser, and Ralf Ebinghaus
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3827–3840, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3827-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3827-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
As a poison in the air that we breathe and the food that we eat, mercury is a human health concern for society as a whole. In that regard, this work deals with monitoring and modelling mercury in the environment, improving wherewithal, identifying the strength of the different components at play, and interpreting information to support the efforts that seek to safeguard public health.
Xiaorui Chen, Haichao Wang, and Keding Lu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3525–3533, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3525-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3525-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use a complete set of simulations to evaluate whether equilibrium and steady state are appropriate for a chemical system involving several reactive nitrogen-containing species (NO2, NO3, and N2O5) under various conditions. A previously neglected bias for the coefficient applied for interpreting their effects is disclosed, and the relevant ambient factors are examined. We therefore provide a good solution to an accurate representation of nighttime chemistry in high-aerosol areas.
Jens Mühle, Lambert J. M. Kuijpers, Kieran M. Stanley, Matthew Rigby, Luke M. Western, Jooil Kim, Sunyoung Park, Christina M. Harth, Paul B. Krummel, Paul J. Fraser, Simon O'Doherty, Peter K. Salameh, Roland Schmidt, Dickon Young, Ronald G. Prinn, Ray H. J. Wang, and Ray F. Weiss
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3371–3378, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3371-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3371-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Emissions of the strong greenhouse gas perfluorocyclobutane (c-C4F8) into the atmosphere have been increasing sharply since the early 2000s. These c-C4F8 emissions are highly correlated with the amount of hydrochlorofluorocarbon-22 produced to synthesize polytetrafluoroethylene (known for its non-stick properties) and related chemicals. From this process, c-C4F8 by-product is vented to the atmosphere. Avoiding these unnecessary c-C4F8 emissions could reduce the climate impact of this industry.
Chaoyang Xue, Can Ye, Jörg Kleffmann, Chenglong Zhang, Valéry Catoire, Fengxia Bao, Abdelwahid Mellouki, Likun Xue, Jianmin Chen, Keding Lu, Yong Zhao, Hengde Liu, Zhaoxin Guo, and Yujing Mu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3149–3167, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3149-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3149-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Summertime measurements of nitrous acid (HONO) and related parameters were conducted at the foot and the summit of Mt. Tai (1534 m above sea level). We proposed a rapid vertical air mass exchange between the foot and the summit level, which enhances the role of HONO in the oxidizing capacity of the upper boundary layer. Kinetics for aerosol-derived HONO sources were constrained. HONO formation from different paths was quantified and discussed.
Xiao-Bing Li, Bin Yuan, Sihang Wang, Chunlin Wang, Jing Lan, Zhijie Liu, Yongxin Song, Xianjun He, Yibo Huangfu, Chenglei Pei, Peng Cheng, Suxia Yang, Jipeng Qi, Caihong Wu, Shan Huang, Yingchang You, Ming Chang, Huadan Zheng, Wenda Yang, Xuemei Wang, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-116, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-116, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
High time-resolution measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were made using an online mass spectrometer at a 600-m tall tower in urban region. Compositions, temporal variations, and sources of VOCs were quantitatively investigated in this study. We find that VOCs measurements in urban region aloft could better characterize source characteristics of anthropogenic emissions. Our results could provide important implications in making future control strategies of VOCs.
Kathryn D. Kulju, Stephen M. McNamara, Qianjie Chen, Hannah S. Kenagy, Jacinta Edebeli, Jose D. Fuentes, Steven B. Bertman, and Kerri A. Pratt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2553–2568, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2553-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2553-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
N2O5 uptake by chloride-containing surfaces produces ClNO2, which photolyzes, producing NO2 and highly reactive Cl radicals that impact air quality. In the inland urban atmosphere, ClNO2 was elevated during lower air turbulence and over snow-covered ground, from snowpack ClNO2 production. N2O5 and ClNO2 levels were lowest, on average, during rainfall and fog because of scavenging, with N2O5 scavenging by fog droplets likely contributing to observed increased particulate nitrate concentrations.
Huiming Lin, Yindong Tong, Chenghao Yu, Long Chen, Xiufeng Yin, Qianggong Zhang, Shichang Kang, Lun Luo, James Schauer, Benjamin de Foy, and Xuejun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2651–2668, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2651-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2651-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Tibetan Plateau is known as
The Third Poleand is generally considered to be a clean area owing to its high altitude. However, it may receive be impacted by air pollutants transported from the Indian subcontinent. Pollutants generally enter the Tibetan Plateau in several ways. Among them is the Yarlung Zangbu–Brahmaputra Grand Canyon. In this study, we identified the influence of the Indian summer monsoon on the origin, transport, and behavior of mercury in this area.
Dominique Rust, Ioannis Katharopoulos, Martin K. Vollmer, Stephan Henne, Simon O'Doherty, Daniel Say, Lukas Emmenegger, Renato Zenobi, and Stefan Reimann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2447–2466, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2447-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2447-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Artificial halocarbons contribute to ozone layer depletion and to global warming. We measured the atmospheric concentrations of halocarbons at the Beromünster tower, modelled the Swiss emissions, and compared the results to the internationally reported Swiss emissions inventory. For most of the halocarbons, we found good agreement, whereas one refrigerant might be overestimated in the inventory. In addition, we present first emission estimates of the newest types of halocarbons.
Tuija Jokinen, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Roseline Cutting Thakur, Ilona Ylivinkka, Kimmo Neitola, Nina Sarnela, Totti Laitinen, Markku Kulmala, Tuukka Petäjä, and Mikko Sipilä
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2237–2254, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2237-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2237-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
New particle formation is an important source of cloud condensation nuclei; however, long-term measurements of aerosol-forming vapors are close to nonexistent in the Arctic. Here, we report 7 months of CI-APi-TOF measurements of sulfuric acid, iodic acid, methane sulfonic acid and the sum of highly oxygenated organic molecules from the SMEAR I station in the Finnish subarctic. The results help us to understand atmospheric chemical processes and aerosol formation in this rapidly changing area.
Andrew O. Langford, Christoph J. Senff, Raul J. Alvarez II, Ken C. Aikin, Sunil Baidar, Timothy A. Bonin, W. Alan Brewer, Jerome Brioude, Steven S. Brown, Joel D. Burley, Dani J. Caputi, Stephen A. Conley, Patrick D. Cullis, Zachary C. J. Decker, Stéphanie Evan, Guillaume Kirgis, Meiyun Lin, Mariusz Pagowski, Jeff Peischl, Irina Petropavlovskikh, R. Bradley Pierce, Thomas B. Ryerson, Scott P. Sandberg, Chance W. Sterling, Ann M. Weickmann, and Li Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1707–1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1707-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1707-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Fires, Asian, and Stratospheric Transport–Las Vegas Ozone Study (FAST-LVOS) combined lidar, aircraft, and in situ measurements with global models to investigate the contributions of stratospheric intrusions, regional and Asian pollution, and wildfires to background ozone in the southwestern US during May and June 2017 and demonstrated that these processes contributed to background ozone levels that exceeded 70 % of the US National Ambient Air Quality Standard during the 6-week campaign.
Shijie Yu, Shenbo Wang, Ruixin Xu, Dong Zhang, Meng Zhang, Fangcheng Su, Ruiqin Zhang, and Lingling Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-1016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-1016, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, the hourly data of 57 VOC species were collected during 2018 to 2020 at an urban site in Zhengzhou, China. The research of concentrations, source apportionment and atmospheric environmental implications clearly elucidated the differences in major reactants observed in different seasons and years. Therefore, the control strategy should focus on key species and source among inter-annual and seasonal variations. The results can provide references to develope control strategies.
Qingqing Yin, Qianli Ma, Weili Lin, Xiaobin Xu, and Jie Yao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1015–1033, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1015-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1015-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
China has been experiencing rapid changes in emissions of air pollutants in recent decades. NOx and SO2 measurements from 2006 to 2016 at the Lin’an World Meteorological Organization Global Atmospheric Watch station were used to characterize the seasonal and diurnal variations and study the long-term trends. This study reaffirms China’s success in controlling both NOx and SO2 in the Yangtze River Delta but indicates at the same time a necessity to strengthen the NOx emission control.
Chaoyang Xue, Can Ye, Jörg Kleffmann, Wenjin Zhang, Xiaowei He, Pengfei Liu, Chenglong Zhang, Xiaoxi Zhao, Chengtang Liu, Zhuobiao Ma, Junfeng Liu, Jinhe Wang, Keding Lu, Valéry Catoire, Abdelwahid Mellouki, and Yujing Mu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1035–1057, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1035-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1035-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous acid (HONO) and related parameters were measured at the foot and the summit of Mt. Tai in the summer of 2018. Based on measurements at the foot station, we utilized a box model to explore the roles of different sources in the HONO budget. We also studied radical chemistry in this high-ozone region.
Baoye Hu, Jun Duan, Youwei Hong, Lingling Xu, Mengren Li, Yahui Bian, Min Qin, Wu Fang, Pinhua Xie, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 371–393, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-371-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-371-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
There has been a lack of research into HONO in coastal cities with low concentrations of PM2.5, but strong sunlight and high humidity. Insufficient research on coastal cities with good air quality has resulted in certain obstacles to assessing the photochemical processes in these areas. Furthermore, HONO contributes to the atmospheric photochemistry depending on the season. Therefore, observations of HONO across four seasons in the southeastern coastal area of China are urgently needed.
Lulu Cui, Di Wu, Shuxiao Wang, Qingcheng Xu, Ruolan Hu, and Jiming Hao
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-959, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-959, 2021
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
A one-year campaign was conducted to characterize VOCs at an urban site in Beijing during different episodes. VOCs from fuel evaporation and diesel exhaust particularly toluene, xylenes, trans-2-butene, acrolein, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, 1-butene and 1-hexene were the main contributors. VOCs from diesel exhaust and coal/biomass combustion were found to be the dominant contributors for SOAFP, particularly the VOC species of toluene, 1-hexene, xylenes, ethylbenzene and styrene.
Jin Liao, Glenn M. Wolfe, Reem A. Hannun, Jason M. St. Clair, Thomas F. Hanisco, Jessica B. Gilman, Aaron Lamplugh, Vanessa Selimovic, Glenn S. Diskin, John B. Nowak, Hannah S. Halliday, Joshua P. DiGangi, Samuel R. Hall, Kirk Ullmann, Christopher D. Holmes, Charles H. Fite, Anxhelo Agastra, Thomas B. Ryerson, Jeff Peischl, Ilann Bourgeois, Carsten Warneke, Matthew M. Coggon, Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Kanako Sekimoto, Alan Fried, Dirk Richter, Petter Weibring, Eric C. Apel, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, Steven S. Brown, Caroline C. Womack, Michael A. Robinson, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Patrick R. Veres, and J. Andrew Neuman
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18319–18331, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18319-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18319-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Formaldehyde (HCHO) is an important oxidant precursor and affects the formation of O3 and other secondary pollutants in wildfire plumes. We disentangle the processes controlling HCHO evolution from wildfire plumes sampled by NASA DC-8 during FIREX-AQ. We find that OH abundance rather than normalized OH reactivity is the main driver of fire-to-fire variability in HCHO secondary production and estimate an effective HCHO yield per volatile organic compound molecule oxidized in wildfire plumes.
Cited articles
Air Pollutants Emission Inventory: Air Pollutants Emission Inventory online
search, available at:
https://pollution-waste.canada.ca/air-emission-inventory (last access:
18 April 2018), 2015.
Akagi, S. K., Yokelson, R. J., Wiedinmyer, C., Alvarado, M. J., Reid, J. S.,
Karl, T., Crounse, J. D., and Wennberg, P. O.: Emission factors for open and
domestic biomass burning for use in atmospheric models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11,
4039–4072, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-4039-2011, 2011.
Ambrose, J. L., Haase, K., Russo, R. S., Zhou, Y., White, M. L., Frinak, E. K.,
Jordan, C., Mayne, H. R., Talbot, R., and Sive, B. C.: A comparison of GC-FID
and PTR-MS toluene measurements in ambient air under conditions of enhanced
monoterpene loading, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 959–980, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-3-959-2010, 2010.
Ambrose, J. L., Zhou, Y., Haase, K., Mayne, H. R., Talbot, R., and Sive, B. C.:
A gas chromatographic instrument for measurement of hydrogen cyanide in the
lower atmosphere, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 1229–1240, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-1229-2012, 2012.
Araizaga, A. E., Mancilla, Y., and Mendoza, A.: Volatile organic compound
emissions from light-duty vehicles in Monterrey, Mexico: a tunnel study, Int.
J. Environ. Res., 7, 277–292, 2013.
Bahadur, R., Feng, Y., Russell, L. M., and Ramanathan, V.: Impact of California's
air pollution laws on black carbon and their implications for direct radiative
forcing, Atmos. Environ., 45, 1162–1167, 2011.
Ban-Weiss, G. A., McLaughlin, J. P., Harley, R. A., Lunden, M. M., Kirchstetter,
T. W., Kean, A. J., Strawa, A. W., Stevenson, E. D., and Kendall, G. R.: Long-term
changes in emissions of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter from on-road
gasoline and diesel vehicles, Atmos. Environ., 42, 220–232, 2008.
Ban-Weiss, G. A., Lunden, M. M., Kirchstetter, T. W., and Harley, R. A.:
Size-resolved particle number and volume emission factors for on-road gasoline
and diesel motor vehicles, J. Aerosol Sci., 41, 5–12, 2010.
Barillo, D. J.: Diagnosis and treatment of cyanide toxicity, J. Burn Care Res.,
30, 148–152, 2009.
Barth, M. C., Cochran, A. K., Fiddler, M. N., Roberts, J. M., and Bililign, S.:
Numerical modeling of cloud chemistry effects on isocyanic acid (HNCO), J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 8688–8701, 2013.
Baum, M. M., Moss, J. A., Pastel, S. H., and Poskrebyshev, G. A.: Hydrogen
cyanide exhaust emissions from in-use motor vehicles, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
41, 857–862, 2006.
Becker, K. H., Lörzer, Kurtenbach, R., Wiesen, P., Jensen, T. E., and
Wallington, T. J.: Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from vehicles,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 4134–4139, 1999.
Beckerman, B., Jerrett, M., Brook, J. R., Verma, D. K., Arain, M. A., and
Finkelstein, M. M.: Correlation of nitrogen dioxide with other traffic pollutants
near a major expressway, Atmos. Environ., 42, 275–290, 2008.
Bishop, G. A. and Stedman, D. H.: A decade of on-road emissions measurements,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 1651–1656, 2008.
Bond, T. C., Doherty, S. J., Fahey, D. W., Forster, P. M., Berntsen, T., DeAngelo,
B. J., Flanner, M. G., Ghan, S., Kärcher, B., Koch, D., Kinne, S., Kondo,
Y., Quinn, P. K., Sarofim, M. C., Schultz, M. G., Schulz, M., Venkataraman, C.,
Zhang, H., Zhang, S., Bellouin, N., Guttikunda, S. K., Hopke, P. K., Jacobson,
M. Z., Kaiser, J. W., Klimont, Z., Lohmann, U., Schwarz, J. P., Shindell, D.,
Storelvmo, T., Warren, S. G., and Zender, C. S.: Bounding the role of black
carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
118, 5380–5552, 2013.
Borduas, N., Abbatt, J. P., and Murphy, J. G.: Gas phase oxidation of
monoethanolamine (MEA) with OH radical and ozone: kinetics, products, and
particles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 6377–6383, 2013.
Borduas, N., da Silva, G., Murphy, J. G., and Abbatt, J. P.: Experimental and
theoretical understanding of the gas phase oxidation of atmospheric amides with
OH radicals: kinetics, products, and mechanisms, J. Phys. Chem. A, 119, 4298–4308, 2015.
Borduas, N., Place, B., Wentworth, G. R., Abbatt, J. P. D., and Murphy, J. G.:
Solubility and reactivity of HNCO in water: insights into HNCO's fate in the
atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 703–714, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-703-2016, 2016.
Bradow, R. L. and Stump, F. D.: Unregulated emissions from three-way catalyst
cars, SAE Tech. Pap. Ser., 770369, 7703, https://doi.org/10.4271/770369, 1977.
Brady, J. M., Crisp, T. A., Collier, S., Kuwayama, T., Forestieri, S. D.,
Perraud, V., Zhang, Q., Kleeman, M. J., Cappa, C. D., and Bertram, T. H.:
Real-time emission factor measurements of isocyanic acid from light duty
gasoline vehicles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 11405–11412, 2014.
Brook, J. R., Burnett, R. T., Dann, T. F., Cakmak, S., Goldberg, M. S., Fan,
X., and Wheeler, A. J.: Further interpretation of the acute effect of nitrogen
dioxide observed in Canadian time-series studies, J. Exp. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol.,
17, S36, https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jes.7500626, 2007.
Bukowiecki, N., Dommen, J., Prévôt, A. S. H., Richter, R., Weingartner,
E., and Baltensperger, U.: A mobile pollutant measurement laboratory – measuring
gas phase and aerosol ambient concentrations with high spatial and temporal
resolution, Atmos. Environ., 36, 5569–5579, 2002.
Cadle, S. H., Nebel, G. J., and Williams, R. L.: Measurements of unregulated
emissions from General Motors' light-duty vehicles, SAE Tech. Pap. Ser.,
790694, 7906, https://doi.org/10.4271/790694, 1979.
Canagaratna, M. R., Jayne, J. T., Ghertner, D. A., Herndon, S., Shi, Q., Jimenez,
J. L., Silva, P. J., Williams, P., Lanni, T., Drewnick, F., Demerjian, K. L.,
Kolb, C. E., and Worsnop, D. R.: Chase studies of particulate emissions from
in-use New York City vehicles, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 38, 555–573, 2004.
CCME – Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment: Canada-Wide Standard
for Benzene: 2010 Final Report, January 2012, CCME, Winnipeg, Canada, 12 pp., 2012.
Chan, T. W., Brook, J. R., Smallwood, G. J., and Lu, G.: Time-resolved measurements
of black carbon light absorption enhancement in urban and near-urban locations
of southern Ontario, Canada, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 10407–10432, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-10407-2011, 2011.
Chan, T. W., Meloche, E., Kubsh, J., and Brezny, R.: Black Carbon Emissions in
Gasoline Exhaust and a Reduction Alternative with a Gasoline Particulate Filter,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 6027–6034, 2014.
Chandra, B. P. and Sinha, V.: Contribution of post-harvest agricultural paddy
residue fires in the N.W. Indo-Gangetic Plain to ambient carcinogenic benzenoids,
toxic isocyanic acid and carbon monoxide, Environ. Int., 88, 187–197, 2016.
Choi, M. Y., Hamins, A., Mulholland, G. W., and Kashiwagi, T.: Simultaneous
optical measurement of soot volume fraction and temperature in premixed flames,
Combust. Flame, 99, 174–186, 1994.
Coderre, A. R., Thomson, K. A., Snelling, D. R., and Johnson, M. R.: Spectrally
resolved light absorption properties of cooled soot from a methane flame, Appl.
Phys. B, 104, 175–188, 2011.
Coggon, M. M., Veres, P. R., Yuan, B., Koss, A., Warneke, C., Gilman, J. B.,
Lerner, B. M., Peischl, J., Aikin, K. C., Stockwell, C. E., Hatch, L. E.,
Ryerson, T. B., Roberts, J. M., Yokelson, R. J., de Gouw, J. A.: Emissions of
nitrogen-containing organic compounds from the burning of herbaceous and
arboraceous biomass: Fuel composition dependence and the variability of
commonly used nitrile tracers, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 9903–9912, 1016.
Crounse, J. D., DeCarlo, P. F., Blake, D. R., Emmons, L. K., Campos, T. L., Apel,
E. C., Clarke, A. D., Weinheimer, A. J., McCabe, D. C., Yokelson, R. J., Jimenez,
J. L., and Wennberg, P. O.: Biomass burning and urban air pollution over the
Central Mexican Plateau, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4929–4944, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4929-2009, 2009.
Dallmann, T. R., DeMartini, S. J., Kirchstetter, T. W., Herndon, S. C., Onasch,
T. B., Wood, E. C., and Harley, R. A.: On-road measurement of gas and particle
phase pollutant emission factors for individual heavy-duty diesel trucks,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 8511–8518, 2012.
Dallmann, T. R., Kirchstetter, T. W., DeMartini, S. J., and Harley, R. A.:
Quantifying on-road emissions from gasoline-powered motor vehicles: Accounting
for the presence of medium- and heavy-duty diesel trucks, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
47, 13873–13881, 2013.
Dominici, F., Peng, R. D., Barr, C. D., and Bell, M. L.: Protecting human health
from air pollution: Shifting from a single-pollutant to a multi-pollutant
approach, Epidemiology, 21, 187–194, 2010.
ECCC – Environment and Climate Change Canada: Canada's Black Carbon Inventory:
2017 Edition, ECCC, Canada, 29 pp., 2017.
Franco, V., Kousoulidou, M., Muntean, M., Ntziachristos, L., Hausberger, S.,
and Dilara, P.: Road vehicle emission factors development: A review, Atmos.
Environ., 70, 84–97, 2013.
Gentner, D. R., Worton, D. R., Isaacman, G., Davis, L. C., Dallmann, T. R.,
Wood, E. C., Herndon, S. C., Goldstein, A. H., and Harley, R. A.: Chemical
composition of gas-phase organic carbon emissions from motor vehicles and
implications for ozone production, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 11837–11848, 2013.
Grahame, T. J., Klemm, R., and Schlesinger, R. B.: Public health and components
of particulate matter: The changing assessment of black carbon, J. Air Waste
Manage. Assoc., 64, 620–660, 2014.
Government of Canada: Pan Am 2016 Study, available at: https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/1260ee96-7acf-489e-826b-de96f0c19fcb,
last access: 20 November 2018.
Harvey, C. A., Garbe, R. J., Baines, T. M., Somers, J. H., Hellman, K. H.,
and Carey, P. M.: A study of the potential impact of some unregulated motor vehicle emissions,
SAE Tech. Pap. Ser., 830987, 8309, https://doi.org/10.4271/830987, 1983.
Heeb, N. V., Zimmerli, Y., Czerwinski, J., Schmid, P., Zennegg, M., Haag, R.,
Seiler, C., Wichser, A., Ulrich, A., Honegger, P., Zeyer, K., Emmenegger, L.,
Mosimann, T., Kasper, M., and Mayer, A.: Reactive nitrogen compounds (RNCs) in
exhaust of advanced PM–NOx abatement technologies for future
diesel applications, Atmos. Environ., 45, 3203–3209, 2011.
Heeb, N. V., Haag, R., Seiler, C., Schmid, P., Zennegg, M., Wichser, A., Ulrich,
A., Honegger, P., Zeyer, K., Emmenegger, L., Zimmerli, Y., Czerwinski, J.,
Kasper, M., and Mayer, A.: Effects of a combined Diesel particle filter-DeNOx
system (DPN) on reactive nitrogen compounds emissions: a parameter study,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 13317–13325, 2012.
HEI Panel on the Health Effects of Traffic-Related Air Pollution: Traffic-related
air pollution: A critical review of the literature on emissions, exposure, and
health effects, HEI Special Report 17, Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA, 386 pp., 2010.
Highwood, E. J. and Kinnersley, R. P.: When smoke gets in our eyes: The multiple
impacts of atmospheric black carbon on climate, air quality and health, Environ.
Int., 32, 560–566, 2006.
Ho, K. F., Lee, S. C., Ho, W. K., Blake, D. R., Cheng, Y., Li, Y. S., Ho, S. S.
H., Fung, K., Louie, P. K. K., and Park, D.: Vehicular emission of volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) from a tunnel study in Hong Kong, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
9, 7491–7504, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7491-2009, 2009.
Hudda, N., Fruin, S., Delfino, R. J., and Sioutas, C.: Efficient determination
of vehicle emission factors by fuel use category using on-road measurements:
downward trends on Los Angeles freight corridor I-710, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13,
347–357, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-347-2013, 2013.
Hwa, M.-Y., Hsieh, C.-C., Wu, T.-C., and Chang, L.-F. W.: Real-world vehicle
emissions and VOCs profile in the Taipei tunnel located at Taiwan Taipei area,
Atmos. Environ., 36, 1993–2002, 2002.
Janssen, N. A., Hoek, G., Simic-Lawson, M., Fischer, P., van Bree, L., ten Brink,
H., Keuken, M., Atkinson, R. W., Anderson, H. R., Brunekreef, B., and Cassee,
F. R.: Black carbon as an additional indicator of the adverse health effects of
airborne particles compared with PM10 and PM2.5, Environ. Health
Perspect., 119, 1691–1699, 2011.
Jathar, S. H., Heppding, C., Link, M. F., Farmer, D. K., Akherati, A., Kleeman,
M. J., de Gouw, J. A., Veres, P. R., and Roberts, J. M.: Investigating diesel
engines as an atmospheric source of isocyanic acid in urban areas, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 17, 8959–8970, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8959-2017, 2017.
Jerrett, M., Finkelstein, M. M., Brook, J. R., Arain, M. A., Kanaroglou, P.,
Stieb, D. M., Gilbert, N. L., Verma, D., Finkelstein, N., and Chapman, K. R.:
A cohort study of traffic-related air pollution and mortality in Toronto,
Ontario, Canada, Environ. Health Perspect., 117, 772–777, 2009.
Jiang, M., Marr, L. C., Dunlea, E. J., Herndon, S. C., Jayne, J. T., Kolb, C. E.,
Knighton, W. B., Rogers, T. M., Zavala, M., Molina, L. T., and Molina, M. J.:
Vehicle fleet emissions of black carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and
other pollutants measured by a mobile laboratory in Mexico City, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 5, 3377–3387, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-3377-2005, 2005.
Jimenez, J. L., McRae, G. J., Nelson, D. D., Zahniser, M. S., and Kolb, C. E.:
Remote sensing of NO and NO2 emissions from heavy-duty diesel trucks
using tunable diode lasers, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 2380–2387, 2000.
Joe, P., Belair, S., Bernier, N. B., Bouchet, V., Brook, J. R., Brunet, D.,
Burrows, W., Charland, J. P., Dehghan, A., Driedger, N., Duhaime, C., Evans,
G., Filion, A.-B., Frenette, R., Grandpré, J. d., Gultepe, I., Henderson,
D., Herdt, A., Hilker, N., Huang, L., Hung, E., Isaac, G., Jeong, C.-H.,
Johnston, D., Klaassen, J., Leroyer, S., Lin, H., MacDonald, M., MacPhee, J.,
Mariani, Z., Munoz, T., Reid, J., Robichaud, A., Rochon, Y., Shairsingh, K.,
Sills, D., Spacek, L., Stroud, C., Su, Y., Taylor, N., Vanos, J., Voogt, J.,
Wang, J. M., Wiechers, T., Wren, S., Yang, H., and Yip, T.: The Environment
and Canada Pan and ParaPan American Science Showcase Project, B. Am.
Meteorol. Soc., 99,
921–953, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0162.1, 2018.
Jordan, A., Haidacher, S., Hanel, G., Hartungen, E., Märk, L., Seehauser,
H., Schottkowsky, R., Sulzer, P., and Märk, T. D.: A high resolution and
high sensitivity proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer
(PTR-TOF-MS), Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 286, 122–128, 2009.
Karlsson, H. L.: Ammonia, nitrous oxide and hydrogen cyanide emissions from
five passenger vehicles, Sci. Total Environ., 334–335, 125–132, 2004.
Keirns, M. H. and Holt, E. L.: Hydrogen cyanide emissions from three-way
catalyst prototypes under malfunctioning conditions, SAE Tech. Pap. Ser.,
780201, https://doi.org/10.4271/780201, 1978.
Kirchstetter, T. W., Harley, R. A., Kreisberg, N. M., Stolzenburg, M. R., and
Hering, S. V.: On-road measurement of fine particle and nitrogen oxide
emissions from light- and heavy-duty motor vehicles, Atmos. Environ., 33,
2955–2968, 1999.
Knighton, W. B., Fortner, E. C., Midey, A. J., Viggiano, A. A., Herndon, S. C.,
Wood, E. C., and Kolb, C. E.: HCN detection with a proton transfer reaction
mass spectrometer, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 283, 112–121, 2009.
Knox, A., Evans, G. J., Brook, J. R., Yao, X., Jeong, C. H., Godri, K. J.,
Sabaliauskas, K., and Slowik, J. G.: Mass absorption cross-section of ambient
black carbon aerosol in relation to chemical age, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 43, 522–532, 2009.
Krecl, P., Johansson, C., Targino, A. C., Ström, J., and Burman, L.: Trends
in black carbon and size-resolved particle number concentrations and vehicle
emission factors under real-world conditions, Atmos. Environ., 165, 155–168, 2017.
Kristensson, A., Johansson, C., Westerholm, R., Swietlicki, E., Gidhagen, L.,
Wideqvist, U., and Vesely, V.: Real-world traffic emission factors of gases and
particles measured in a road tunnel in Stockholm, Sweden, Atmos. Environ., 38, 657–673, 2004.
Kröcher, O., Elsener, M., and Koebel, M.: An ammonia and isocyanic acid
measuring method for soot containing exhaust gases, Anal. Chim. Acta, 537, 393–400, 2005.
Kumar, V., Chandra B. P., Sinha, V.: Large unexplained suite of chemically
reactive compounds present in ambient air due to biomass fires, Sci. Rep., 8,
626, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-19139-3, 2018.
Larson, T., Gould, T., Riley, E. A., Austin, E., Fintzi, J., Sheppard, L., Yost,
M., and Simpson, C.: Ambient air quality measurements from a continuously moving
mobile platform: Estimation of area-wide, fuel-based, mobile source emission
factors using absolute principal component scores, Atmos. Environ., 152, 201–211, 2017.
Le Breton, M., Bacak, A., Muller, J. B. A., O'Shea, S. J., Xiao, P., Ashfold,
M. N. R., Cooke, M. C., Batt, R., Shallcross, D. E., Oram, D. E., Forster, G.,
Bauguitte, S. J.-B., Palmer, P. I., Parrington, M., Lewis, A. C., Lee, J. D.,
and Percival, C. J.: Airborne hydrogen cyanide measurements using a chemical
ionisation mass spectrometer for the plume identification of biomass burning
forest fires, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9217–9232, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9217-2013, 2013.
Levy, I., Mihele, C., Lu, G., Narayan, J., Hilker, N., and Brook, J. R.:
Elucidating multipollutant exposure across a complex metropolitan area by
systematic deployment of a mobile laboratory, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7173–7193,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7173-2014, 2014.
Li, Q., Jacob, D. J., Bey, I., Yantosca, R. M., Zhao, Y., Kondo, Y., and Notholt,
J.: Atmospheric hydrogen cyanide (HCN): Biomass burning source, ocean sink?,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 357–360, 2000.
Li, Q., Jacob, D. J., Yantosca, R. M., Heald, C. L., Singh, H. B., Koike, M.,
Zhao, Y., Sachse, G. W., and Streets, D. G.: A global three-dimensional model
analysis of the atmospheric budgets of HCN and CH3CN: Constraints
from aircraft and ground measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 8827,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003075, 2003.
Li, Q., Palmer, P. I., Pumphrey, H. C., Bernath, P., and Mahieu, E.: What drives
the observed variability of HCN in the troposphere and lower stratosphere?,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8531–8543, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8531-2009, 2009.
Li, S.-M., Leithead, A., Moussa, S. G., Liggio, J., Moran, M. D., Wang, D.,
Hayden, K., Darlington, A., Gordon, M., Staebler, R., Makar, P. A., Stroud, C.
A., McLaren, R., Liu, P. S. K., O'Brien, J., Mittermeier, R. L., Zhang, J.,
Marson, G., Cober, S. G., Wolde, M., and Wentzell, J. J. B.: Differences
between measured and reported volatile organic compound emissions from oil sands
facilities in Alberta, Canada, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 114, E3756–E3765, 2017.
Liggio, J., Gordon, M., Smallwood, G., Li, S.-M., Stroud, C., Staebler, R., Lu,
G., Lee, P., Taylor, B., and Brook, J. R.: Are emissions of black carbon from
gasoline vehicles underestimated? Insights from near and on-road measurements,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 4819–4828, 2012.
Liggio, J., Moussa, S. G., Wentzell, J., Darlington, A., Liu, P., Leithead, A.,
Hayden, K., O'Brien, J., Mittermeier, R. L., Staebler, R., Wolde, M., and Li,
S.-M.: Understanding the primary emissions and secondary formation of gaseous
organic acids in the oil sands region of Alberta, Canada, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
17, 8411–8427, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8411-2017, 2017a.
Liggio, J., Stroud, C. A., Wentzell, J. J. B., Zhang, J., Sommers, J.,
Darlington, A., Liu, P. S. K., Moussa, S. G., Leithead, A., Hayden, K.,
Mittermeier, R. L., Staebler, R., Wolde, M., and Li, S. M.: Quantifying the
primary emissions and photochemical formation of isocyanic acid downwind of
oil sands operations, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 14462–14471, 2017b.
Link, M. F., Friedman, B., Fulgham, R., Brophy, P., Galang, A., Jathar, S. H.,
Veres, P., Roberts, J. M., and Farmer, D. K.: Photochemical processing of diesel
fuel emissions as a large secondary source of isocyanic acid (HNCO), Geophys.
Res. Lett., 43, 4033–4041, 2016.
Logue, B. A., Hinkens, D. M., Baskin, S. I., and Rockwood, G. A.: The analysis
of cyanide and its breakdown products in biological samples, Crit. Rev. Anal.
Chem., 40, 122–147, 2010.
Lough, G. C., Schauer, J. J., Lonneman, W. A., and Allen, M. K.: Summer and
winter nonmethane hydrocarbon emissions from on-road motor vehicles in the
Midwestern United States, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 55, 629–646, 2005.
Matz, C. J., Stieb, D. M., and Brion, O.: Urban-rural differences in daily
time-activity patterns, occupational activity and housing characteristics,
Environ. Health, 14, 88, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-015-0075-y, 2015.
Mauderly, J. L. and Samet, J. M.: Is there evidence for synergy among air
pollutants in causing health effects?, Environ. Health Perspect., 117, 1–6, 2009.
McCarter, J.: 2012 Annual Report, Offic of the Auditor General of Ontario,
Ontario, Canada, 457 pp., 2012.
McDonald, B. C., Dallmann, T. R., Martin, E. W., and Harley, R. A.: Long-term
trends in nitrogen oxide emissions from motor vehicles at national, state, and
air basin scales, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D00V18, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD018304, 2012.
McDonald, B. C., Gentner, D. R., Goldstein, A. H., and Harley, R. A.: Long-Term
Trends in Motor Vehicle Emissions in U.S. Urban Areas, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
47, 10022–10031, 2013.
Moussa, S. G., Leithead, A., Li, S.-M., Chan, T. W., Wentzell, J. J. B., Stroud,
C., Zhang, J., Lee, P., Lu, G., Brook, J. R., Hayden, K., Narayan, J., and
Liggio, J.: Emissions of hydrogen cyanide from on-road gasoline and diesel
vehicles, Atmos. Environ., 131, 185–195, 2016.
Natural Resources Canada's Office of Energy Efficiency: Canadian Vehicle Survey:
2009 Summary Report, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 72 pp., 2011.
Park, S. S., Kozawa, K., Fruin, S., Mara, S., Hsu, Y. K., Jakober, C., Winer,
A., and Herner, J.: Emission factors for high-emitting vehicles based on on-road
measurements of individual vehicle exhaust with a mobile measurement platform,
J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 61, 1046–1056, 2011.
Parrish, D. D.: Critical evaluation of US on-road vehicle emission
inventories, Atmos. Environ., 40, 2288–2300, 2006.
Pavlovic, R., Chen, J., Anderson, K., Moran, M. D., Beaulieu, P.-A., Davignon,
D., and Cousineau, S.: The FireWork air quality forecast system with
near-real-time biomass burning emissions: Recent developments and evaluation
of performance for the 2015 North American wildfire season, J. Air Waste Manage.
Assoc., 66, 819–841, 2016.
Petzold, A., Ogren, J. A., Fiebig, M., Laj, P., Li, S.-M., Baltensperger, U.,
Holzer-Popp, T., Kinne, S., Pappalardo, G., Sugimoto, N., Wehrli, C., Wiedensohler,
A., and Zhang, X.-Y.: Recommendations for reporting “black carbon” measurements,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8365–8379, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8365-2013, 2013.
Pope, C. A. and Dockery, D. W.: Health effects of fine particulate air pollution:
Lines that connect, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 56, 709–742, 2006.
Rinsland, C. P., Dufour, G., Boone, C. D., Bernath, P. F., Chiou, L., Coheur,
P.-F., Turquety, S., and Clerbaux, C.: Satellite boreal measurements over Alaska
and Canada during June–July 2004: Simultaneous measurements of upper tropospheric
CO, C2H6, HCN, CH3Cl, CH4, C2H2,
CH3OH, HCOOH, OCS, and SF6 mixing ratios, Global Biogeochem.
Cy., 21, GB3008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gb002795, 2007.
Roberts, J. M., Veres, P. R., Cochran, A. K., Warneke, C., Burling, I. R.,
Yokelson, R. J., Lerner, B., Gilman, J. B., Kuster, W. C., Fall, R., and de Gouw,
J.: Isocyanic acid in the atmosphere and its possible link to smoke-related
health effects, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 8966–8971, 2011.
Roberts, J. M., Veres, P. R., VandenBoer, T. C., Warneke, C., Graus, M.,
Williams, E. J., Lefer, B., Brock, C. A., Bahreini, R., Öztürk, F.,
Middlebrook, A. M., Wagner, N. L., Dubé, W. P., and de Gouw, J. A.: New
insights into atmospheric sources and sinks of isocyanic acid, HNCO, from recent
urban and regional observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 1060–1072, 2014.
Saliba, G., Saleh, R., Zhao, Y., Presto, A. A., Lambe, A. T., Frodin, B., Sardar,
S., Maldonado, H., Maddox, C., May, A. A., Drozd, G. T., Goldstein, A. H.,
Russell, L. M., Hagen, F., and Robinson, A. L.: Comparison of gasoline
direct-injection (GDI) and port fuel injection (PFI) vehicle emissions: Emission
certification standards, cold-start, secondary organic aerosol formation
potential, and potential climate impacts, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 6542–6552, 2017.
Sarkar, C., Sinha, V., Kumar, V., Rupakheti, M., Panday, A., Mahata, K. S.,
Rupakheti, D., Kathayat, B., and Lawrence, M. G.: Overview of VOC emissions and
chemistry from PTR-TOF-MS measurements during the SusKat-ABC campaign: high
acetaldehyde, isoprene and isocyanic acid in wintertime air of the Kathmandu
Valley, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3979–4003, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3979-2016, 2016.
Shim, C., Wang, Y., Singh, H. B., Blake, D. R., and Guenther, A. B.: Source
characteristics of oxygenated volatile organic compounds and hydrogen
cyanide, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, D10305, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007543,
2007.
Snelling, D. R., Smallwood, G. J., Liu, F., Gülder, Ö. L., and Bachalo,
W. D.: A calibration-independent laser-induced incandescence technique for soot
measurement by detecting absolute light intensity, Appl. Optics, 44, 6773–6785, 2005.
Statistics Canada: Road motor vehicle registrations, by type of vehicle,
available at:
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/trade14b-eng.htm
(last access: 18 April 2018), 2016.
Stirn, R., Baquet, T. G., Kanjarkar, S., Meier, W., Geigle, K. P., Grotheer, H.
H., Wahl, C., and Aigner, M.: Comparison of particle size measurements with
laser-induced incandescence, mass spectroscopy, and scanning mobility particle
sizing in a laminar premixed ethylene/air flame, Combust. Sci. Technol.,
181, 329–349, 2009.
Suarez-Bertoa, R. and Astorga, C.: Isocyanic acid and ammonia in vehicle
emissions, Transp. Res. D, 49, 259–270, 2016.
Tan, Y., Lipsky, E. M., Saleh, R., Robinson, A. L., and Presto, A. A.:
Characterizing the spatial variation of air pollutants and the contributions of
high emitting vehicles in Pittsburgh, PA, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 14186–14194, 2014.
Urban, C. M. and Garbe, R. J.: Regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions from
malfunctioning automobiles, SAE Tech. Pap. Ser., 790696, 7906, https://doi.org/10.4271/790696, 1979.
Urban, C. M. and Garbe, R. J.: Exhaust emissions form malfunctioning three-way
catalyst-equipped automobiles, SAE Tech. Pap. Ser., 800511, 8005, https://doi.org/10.4271/800511, 1980.
US EPA – US Environmental Protection Agency: Toxicological review of hydrogen
cyanide and cyanide salts, September 2010, US EPA, Washington, D.C., 153 pp., 2010.
Veres, P., Roberts, J. M., Warneke, C., Welsh-Bon, D., Zahniser, M., Herndon,
S., Fall, R., and de Gouw, J.: Development of negative-ion proton-transfer
chemical-ionization mass spectrometry (NI-PT-CIMS) for the measurement of
gas-phase organic acids in the atmosphere, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 274, 48–55, 2008.
Veres, P., Roberts, J. M., Burling, I. R., Warneke, C., de Gouw, J., and
Yokelson, R. J.: Measurements of gas-phase inorganic and organic acids from
biomass fires by negative-ion proton-transfer chemical-ionization mass
spectrometry, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D23302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014033, 2010.
Wang, J. M., Jeong, C.-H., Zimmerman, N., Healy, R. M., Wang, D. K., Ke, F.,
and Evans, G. J.: Plume-based analysis of vehicle fleet air pollutant emissions
and the contribution from high emitters, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 3263–3275,
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-3263-2015, 2015.
Wang, Y., Xing, Z., Zhao, S., Zheng, M., Mu, C., and Du, K.: Are emissions of
black carbon from gasoline vehicles overestimated? Real-time, in situ measurement
of black carbon emission factors, Sci. Total Environ., 547, 422–428, 2016.
Wang, Z., Nicholls, S. J., Rodriguez, E. R., Kummu, O., Hörkkö, S.,
Barnard, J., Reynolds, W. F., Topol, E. J., DiDonato, A. J., and Hazen, S. L.:
Protein carbamylation links inflammation, smoking,uremia and atherogenesis,
Nat. Med., 13, 1176–1184, 2007.
Wentzell, J. J., Liggio, J., Li, S. M., Vlasenko, A., Staebler, R., Lu, G.,
Poitras, M. J., Chan, T., and Brook, J. R.: Measurements of gas phase acids
in diesel exhaust: a relevant source of HNCO?, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 7663–7671, 2013.
Westerdahl, D., Wang, X., Pan, X., and Zhang, K. M.: Characterization of on-road
vehicle emission factors and microenvironmental air quality in Beijing, China,
Atmos. Environ., 43, 697–705, 2009.
Woodward-Massey, R., Taha, Y. M., Moussa, S. G., and Osthoff, H. D.: Comparison
of negative-ion proton-transfer with iodide ion chemical ionization mass
spectrometry for quantification of isocyanic acid in ambient air, Atmos. Environ.,
98, 693–703, 2014.
Wu, J. S., Krishnan, S. S., and Faeth, G. M.: Refractive indices at visible
wavelengths of soot emitted from buoyant turbulent diffusion flames, J. Heat
Transfer, 119, 230–237, 1997.
Yli-Tuomi, T., Aarnio, P., Pirjola, L., Mäkelä, T., Hillamo, R., and
Jantunen, M.: Emissions of fine particles, NOx, and CO from
on-road vehicles in Finland, Atmos. Environ., 39, 6696–6706, 2005.
You, Y., Staebler, R. M., Moussa, S. G., Su, Y., Munoz, T., Stroud, C., Zhang,
J., and Moran, M. D.: Long-path measurements of pollutants and micrometeorology
over Highway 401 in Toronto, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14119–14143, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14119-2017, 2017.
Young, P. J., Emmons, L. K., Roberts, J. M., Lamarque, J.-F., Wiedinmyer, C.,
Veres, P., and VandenBoer, T. C.: Isocyanic acid in a global chemistry transport
model: Tropospheric distribution, budget, and identification of regions with
potential health impacts, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D10308, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD017393, 2012.
Zavala, M., Herndon, S. C., Slott, R. S., Dunlea, E. J., Marr, L. C., Shorter,
J. H., Zahniser, M., Knighton, W. B., Rogers, T. M., Kolb, C. E., Molina, L. T.,
and Molina, M. J.: Characterization of on-road vehicle emissions in the Mexico
City Metropolitan Area using a mobile laboratory in chase and fleet average
measurement modes during the MCMA-2003 field campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6,
5129–5142, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-5129-2006, 2006.
Zavala, M., Herndon, S. C., Wood, E. C., Jayne, J. T., Nelson, D. D., Trimborn,
A. M., Dunlea, E., Knighton, W. B., Mendoza, A., Allen, D. T., Kolb, C. E.,
Molina, M. J., and Molina, L. T.: Comparison of emissions from on-road sources
using a mobile laboratory under various driving and operational sampling modes,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-1-2009, 2009.
Zhao, R., Lee, A. K. Y., Wentzell, J. J. B., McDonald, A. M., Toom-Sauntry, D.,
Leaitch, W. R., Modini, R. L., Corrigan, A. L., Russell, L. M., Noone, K. J.,
Schroder, J. C., Bertram, A. K., Hawkins, L. N., Abbatt, J. P. D., and Liggio,
J.: Cloud partitioning of isocyanic acid (HNCO) and evidence of secondary source
of HNCO in ambient air, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 6962–6969, 2014.
Zhao, Y., Strong, K., Kondo, Y., Koike, M., Matsumi, Y., Irie, H., Rinsland, C.
P., Jones, N. B., Suzuki, K., Nakajima, H., Nakane, H., and Murata, I.:
Spectroscopic measurements of tropospheric CO, C2H6, C2H2
and HCN in northern Japan, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, 4343, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000748, 2002.
Zimmerman, N., Wang, J. M., Jeong, C. H., Ramos, M., Hilker, N., Healy, R. M.,
Sabaliauskas, K., Wallace, J. S., and Evans, G. J.: Field measurements of
gasoline direct injection emission factors: Spatial and seasonal variability,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 2035–2043, 2016.
Short summary
We made measurements from a mobile laboratory across a large urban area and determined fleet-average vehicle emission factors (EFs) for a suite of traffic-related air pollutants. We present the first real-world EFs for isocyanic acid (HNCO) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and insight into their on-road variability. We find that vehicles may represent an important source of these air toxics at an urban scale. This work has implications for understanding population exposure to these species.
We made measurements from a mobile laboratory across a large urban area and determined...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint