Articles | Volume 18, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16979-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16979-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
30 Nov 2018
Research article |
| 30 Nov 2018
| 30 Nov 2018
Elucidating real-world vehicle emission factors from mobile measurements over a large metropolitan region: a focus on isocyanic acid, hydrogen cyanide, and black carbon
Sumi N. Wren
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Air Quality Process Research Section, Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto, ON, M3H 5T4, Canada
John Liggio
Air Quality Process Research Section, Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto, ON, M3H 5T4, Canada
Yuemei Han
Air Quality Process Research Section, Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto, ON, M3H 5T4, Canada
Katherine Hayden
Air Quality Process Research Section, Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto, ON, M3H 5T4, Canada
Gang Lu
Air Quality Process Research Section, Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto, ON, M3H 5T4, Canada
Cris M. Mihele
Air Quality Process Research Section, Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto, ON, M3H 5T4, Canada
Richard L. Mittermeier
Air Quality Process Research Section, Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto, ON, M3H 5T4, Canada
Craig Stroud
Air Quality Process Research Section, Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto, ON, M3H 5T4, Canada
Jeremy J. B. Wentzell
Air Quality Process Research Section, Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto, ON, M3H 5T4, Canada
Jeffrey R. Brook
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Air Quality Process Research Section, Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto, ON, M3H 5T4, Canada
currently at: Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 223 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R4, Canada
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Cited
30 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Integrated urban services: Experience from four cities on different continents A. Baklanov et al. 10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100610
- Composition of Ultrafine Particles in Urban Beijing: Measurement Using a Thermal Desorption Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer X. Li et al. 10.1021/acs.est.0c06053
- Sensitivity analysis of area-wide, mobile source emission factors to high-emitter vehicles in Los Angeles M. Kelp et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117212
- Atmospheric gaseous hydrochloric and hydrobromic acid in urban Beijing, China: detection, source identification and potential atmospheric impacts X. Fan et al. 10.5194/acp-21-11437-2021
- Advances in science and applications of air pollution monitoring: A case study on oil sands monitoring targeting ecosystem protection J. Brook et al. 10.1080/10962247.2019.1607689
- Determination of local traffic emission and non-local background source contribution to on-road air pollution using fixed-route mobile air sensor network P. Wei et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118055
- Atmospheric Black Carbon Evaluation in Two Sites of San Luis Potosí City During the Years 2018–2020 V. Barrera et al. 10.3390/atmos16010065
- Emissions of carboxylic acids, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and isocyanic acid (HNCO) from vehicle exhaust T. Li et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118218
- Chemical characteristics of PM2.5 emitted from motor vehicles exhaust under the plateau with low oxygen content J. Shi et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.120053
- Development of point sampling technology for identifying high-emitting vehicles in narrow and deep street canyons F. Murena & D. Toscano 10.1016/j.apr.2023.101876
- Isocyanic acid (HNCO) and its fate in the atmosphere: a review M. Leslie et al. 10.1039/C9EM00003H
- Kerbside NOx and CO concentrations and emission factors of vehicles on a busy road M. Chu et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118878
- Mobile monitoring of air pollution − a position paper on use cases, good practices, challenges, and opportunities J. Kerckhoffs et al. 10.1016/j.envint.2025.109582
- In utero exposure to near-roadway air pollution and autism spectrum disorder in children S. Carter et al. 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106898
- Measurement report: Enhanced photochemical formation of formic and isocyanic acids in urban regions aloft – insights from tower-based online gradient measurements Q. Yang et al. 10.5194/acp-24-6865-2024
- Mapping Source-Specific Air Pollution Exposures Using Positive Matrix Factorization Applied to Multipollutant Mobile Monitoring in Seattle, WA N. Liu et al. 10.1021/acs.est.4c13242
- Atmospheric chemical loss processes of isocyanic acid (HNCO): a combined theoretical kinetic and global modelling study S. Rosanka et al. 10.5194/acp-20-6671-2020
- Chemical speciation of PM emissions from heavy-duty vehicles I. Cunha-Lopes et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119823
- Behavior of Isocyanic Acid and Other Nitrogen-Containing Volatile Organic Compounds in The Indoor Environment C. Wang et al. 10.1021/acs.est.1c08182
- Black carbon aerosol reductions during COVID-19 confinement quantified by aircraft measurements over Europe O. Krüger et al. 10.5194/acp-22-8683-2022
- High Concentrations of Atmospheric Isocyanic Acid (HNCO) Produced from Secondary Sources in China Z. Wang et al. 10.1021/acs.est.0c02843
- Temporal and spatial diagnostic model of vehicle gas pollutants Q. Hu et al. 10.1007/s10661-021-09111-0
- Levels, spatial distribution, and source identification of airborne environmentally persistent free radicals from tree leaves C. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113353
- Review of black carbon emission factors from different anthropogenic sources T. Rönkkö et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/acbb1b
- Assessment of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution: An exposure framework A. Patton et al. 10.1038/s41370-024-00731-5
- Sources of isocyanic acid (HNCO) indoors: a focus on cigarette smoke R. Hems et al. 10.1039/C9EM00107G
- Pollution profiles of volatile organic compounds from different urban functional areas in Guangzhou China based on GC/MS and PTR-TOF-MS: Atmospheric environmental implications C. Han et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116843
- Emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 emitted from motor vehicles exhaust (PAHs-PM2.5-MVE) under the plateau with low oxygen content Q. Yao et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120364
- Solvation and Hydrolysis Reaction of Isocyanic Acid at the Air–Water Interface: A Computational Study J. Zhong et al. 10.1021/jacs.1c10703
- Roadside measurement of N2O and CH4 emissions from vehicles in Hong Kong M. Chu et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177241
30 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Integrated urban services: Experience from four cities on different continents A. Baklanov et al. 10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100610
- Composition of Ultrafine Particles in Urban Beijing: Measurement Using a Thermal Desorption Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer X. Li et al. 10.1021/acs.est.0c06053
- Sensitivity analysis of area-wide, mobile source emission factors to high-emitter vehicles in Los Angeles M. Kelp et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117212
- Atmospheric gaseous hydrochloric and hydrobromic acid in urban Beijing, China: detection, source identification and potential atmospheric impacts X. Fan et al. 10.5194/acp-21-11437-2021
- Advances in science and applications of air pollution monitoring: A case study on oil sands monitoring targeting ecosystem protection J. Brook et al. 10.1080/10962247.2019.1607689
- Determination of local traffic emission and non-local background source contribution to on-road air pollution using fixed-route mobile air sensor network P. Wei et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118055
- Atmospheric Black Carbon Evaluation in Two Sites of San Luis Potosí City During the Years 2018–2020 V. Barrera et al. 10.3390/atmos16010065
- Emissions of carboxylic acids, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and isocyanic acid (HNCO) from vehicle exhaust T. Li et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118218
- Chemical characteristics of PM2.5 emitted from motor vehicles exhaust under the plateau with low oxygen content J. Shi et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.120053
- Development of point sampling technology for identifying high-emitting vehicles in narrow and deep street canyons F. Murena & D. Toscano 10.1016/j.apr.2023.101876
- Isocyanic acid (HNCO) and its fate in the atmosphere: a review M. Leslie et al. 10.1039/C9EM00003H
- Kerbside NOx and CO concentrations and emission factors of vehicles on a busy road M. Chu et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118878
- Mobile monitoring of air pollution − a position paper on use cases, good practices, challenges, and opportunities J. Kerckhoffs et al. 10.1016/j.envint.2025.109582
- In utero exposure to near-roadway air pollution and autism spectrum disorder in children S. Carter et al. 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106898
- Measurement report: Enhanced photochemical formation of formic and isocyanic acids in urban regions aloft – insights from tower-based online gradient measurements Q. Yang et al. 10.5194/acp-24-6865-2024
- Mapping Source-Specific Air Pollution Exposures Using Positive Matrix Factorization Applied to Multipollutant Mobile Monitoring in Seattle, WA N. Liu et al. 10.1021/acs.est.4c13242
- Atmospheric chemical loss processes of isocyanic acid (HNCO): a combined theoretical kinetic and global modelling study S. Rosanka et al. 10.5194/acp-20-6671-2020
- Chemical speciation of PM emissions from heavy-duty vehicles I. Cunha-Lopes et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119823
- Behavior of Isocyanic Acid and Other Nitrogen-Containing Volatile Organic Compounds in The Indoor Environment C. Wang et al. 10.1021/acs.est.1c08182
- Black carbon aerosol reductions during COVID-19 confinement quantified by aircraft measurements over Europe O. Krüger et al. 10.5194/acp-22-8683-2022
- High Concentrations of Atmospheric Isocyanic Acid (HNCO) Produced from Secondary Sources in China Z. Wang et al. 10.1021/acs.est.0c02843
- Temporal and spatial diagnostic model of vehicle gas pollutants Q. Hu et al. 10.1007/s10661-021-09111-0
- Levels, spatial distribution, and source identification of airborne environmentally persistent free radicals from tree leaves C. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113353
- Review of black carbon emission factors from different anthropogenic sources T. Rönkkö et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/acbb1b
- Assessment of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution: An exposure framework A. Patton et al. 10.1038/s41370-024-00731-5
- Sources of isocyanic acid (HNCO) indoors: a focus on cigarette smoke R. Hems et al. 10.1039/C9EM00107G
- Pollution profiles of volatile organic compounds from different urban functional areas in Guangzhou China based on GC/MS and PTR-TOF-MS: Atmospheric environmental implications C. Han et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116843
- Emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 emitted from motor vehicles exhaust (PAHs-PM2.5-MVE) under the plateau with low oxygen content Q. Yao et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120364
- Solvation and Hydrolysis Reaction of Isocyanic Acid at the Air–Water Interface: A Computational Study J. Zhong et al. 10.1021/jacs.1c10703
- Roadside measurement of N2O and CH4 emissions from vehicles in Hong Kong M. Chu et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177241
Latest update: 03 Jul 2025
Short summary
We made measurements from a mobile laboratory across a large urban area and determined fleet-average vehicle emission factors (EFs) for a suite of traffic-related air pollutants. We present the first real-world EFs for isocyanic acid (HNCO) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and insight into their on-road variability. We find that vehicles may represent an important source of these air toxics at an urban scale. This work has implications for understanding population exposure to these species.
We made measurements from a mobile laboratory across a large urban area and determined...
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