Articles | Volume 25, issue 14
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8029-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8029-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
28 Jul 2025
Research article |
| 28 Jul 2025
| 28 Jul 2025
Distinct structures of interannual variations in stratosphere-to-troposphere ozone transport induced by the Tibetan Plateau thermal forcing
Qingjian Yang
Key Laboratory for Aerosol–Cloud–Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Tianliang Zhao
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Key Laboratory for Aerosol–Cloud–Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Yongqing Bai
Hubei Key Laboratory for Heavy Rain Monitoring and Warning Research, Institute of Heavy Rain, China Meteorological Administration, Wuhan 430205, China
Kai Meng
Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Ecological Environment of Hebei Province, Hebei Provincial Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
Yuehan Luo
Key Laboratory for Aerosol–Cloud–Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Zhijie Tian
China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
Xiaoyun Sun
Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Science and Satellite Remote Sensing, Anhui Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
Weikang Fu
Public Meteorological Service Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
Kai Yang
Key Laboratory for Aerosol–Cloud–Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Fujian Academy of Environmental Sciences, Fuzhou 350011, China
Related authors
Yuehan Luo, Tianliang Zhao, Kai Meng, Jun Hu, Qingjian Yang, Yongqing Bai, Kai Yang, Weikang Fu, Chenghao Tan, Yifan Zhang, Yanzhe Zhang, and Zhikuan Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7013–7026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7013-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7013-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We reveal a significant mechanism of stratospheric O3 intrusion (SI) into the atmospheric environment induced by an extratropical cyclone system. This system facilitates the downward transport of stratospheric O3 to the near-surface layer by vertical coupling, involving the upper westerly trough, the middle northeast cold vortex, and the lower extratropical cyclone in the troposphere. On average, stratospheric O3 contributed 26.77 % to near-surface O3 levels over the North China Plain.
Zhenzhen Niu, Shaofei Kong, Qin Yan, Yi Cheng, Huang Zheng, Yao Hu, Jian Wu, Xujing Qin, Haoyu Dong, Weisi Jiang, Yingying Yan, Wei Liu, Feng Ding, Yongqing Bai, and Shihua Qi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-354, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-354, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) is usually recognized from CFC-11 production and use sources. In this study, we established CFC-11 emission inventory from coal combustion in China during 2000~2021. We found that CFC-11 emissions from coal combustion exhibited fluctuations and an overall upward trend, peaking in 2016, and Hebei and Shandong provinces had higher emissions. The CFC-11 emissions from coal combustion in the coastal regions might influence the monitored CFC-11 concentrations.
Zhuozhi Shu, Fumo Yang, Guangming Shi, Yuqing Zhang, Yongjie Huang, Xinning Yu, Baiwan Pan, and Tianliang Zhao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2628, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2628, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We targeted four stratospheric intrusion episodes to investigate the impacts of cross-layer transport of stratospheric O3 on the near-surface environmental atmosphere over Sichuan Basin and uncover multi-scale atmospheric circulation coupling mechanisms with the seasonally discrepant terrain effects of Tibetan Plateau. Results provided the critical insights into understanding of regional O3 pollution genesis with the exceptional natural sources contribution derived from the stratosphere.
Xiaochun Zhu, Le Cao, Xin Yang, Simeng Li, Jiandong Wang, and Tianliang Zhao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3873, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3873, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We applied various criteria to identify springtime ODEs at Utqiagvik, Arctic, and investigated the influences of using different criteria on conclusions regarding the characteristics of ODEs. We found criteria using a constant threshold and using thresholds based on the monthly averaged ozone more suitable for identifying ODEs than the others. Applying a threshold varying with the monthly average or stricter thresholds also signifies a more significant reduction in the ODE occurrences.
Sihan Liu, Honglei Wang, Delong Zhao, Wei Zhou, Yuanmou Du, Zhengguo Zhang, Peng Cheng, Tianliang Zhao, Yue Ke, Zihao Wu, and Mengyu Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4151–4165, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4151-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4151-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
To understand the effect of aerosols on the vertical distribution of stratocumulus microphysical quantities in southwest China, the daily variation characteristics and formation mechanism of the vertical profiles of stratocumulus microphysical characteristics in this region were described using the data of nine cloud-crossing aircraft observations over Guangxi from 10 October to 3 November 2020.
Yongqing Bai, Tianliang Zhao, Kai Meng, Yue Zhou, Jie Xiong, Xiaoyun Sun, Lijuan Shen, Yanyu Yue, Yan Zhu, Weiyang Hu, and Jingyan Yao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1273–1287, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1273-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1273-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We proposed a composite statistical method to identify the quasi-weekly oscillation (QWO) of regional PM2.5 transport over China in winter from 2015 to 2019. The QWO of regional PM2.5 transport is constrained by synoptic-scale disturbances of the East Asian winter monsoon circulation with the periodic activities of the Siberian high, providing a new insight into the understanding of regional pollutant transport with meteorological drivers in atmospheric environment changes.
Xiaodan Ma, Jianping Huang, Michaela I. Hegglin, Patrick Jöckel, and Tianliang Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 943–958, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-943-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-943-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our research explored changes in ozone levels in the northwest Pacific region over 30 years, revealing a significant increase in the middle-to-upper troposphere, especially during spring and summer. This rise is influenced by both stratospheric and tropospheric sources, which affect climate and air quality in East Asia. This work underscores the need for continued study to understand underlying mechanisms.
Zhuang Wang, Chune Shi, Hao Zhang, Xianguang Ji, Yizhi Zhu, Congzi Xia, Xiaoyun Sun, Xinfeng Lin, Shaowei Yan, Suyao Wang, Yuan Zhou, Chengzhi Xing, Yujia Chen, and Cheng Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 347–366, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-347-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-347-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study attempts to explain the surface ozone background and typical and peak trends in eastern China by combining a large number of ground-based and satellite observations. We found diametrically opposed trends in peak (decreasing) and low (increasing) ozone concentrations. Anthropogenic emissions primarily drive trends in low and peak ozone concentrations in eastern China, though meteorological effects also play a role.
Kai Meng, Tianliang Zhao, Yongqing Bai, Ming Wu, Le Cao, Xuewei Hou, Yuehan Luo, and Yongcheng Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12623–12642, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12623-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12623-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the impact of stratospheric intrusions (SIs) on tropospheric and near-surface ozone in Central and Eastern China from a stratospheric source tracing perspective. SIs contribute the most in the eastern plains, with a contribution exceeding 15 %, and have a small contribution to the west and south. Western Siberia and Mongolia are the most critical source areas for indirect and direct SIs, with the Rossby wave and northeast cold vortex being important driving circulation systems.
Yuehan Luo, Tianliang Zhao, Kai Meng, Jun Hu, Qingjian Yang, Yongqing Bai, Kai Yang, Weikang Fu, Chenghao Tan, Yifan Zhang, Yanzhe Zhang, and Zhikuan Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7013–7026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7013-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7013-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We reveal a significant mechanism of stratospheric O3 intrusion (SI) into the atmospheric environment induced by an extratropical cyclone system. This system facilitates the downward transport of stratospheric O3 to the near-surface layer by vertical coupling, involving the upper westerly trough, the middle northeast cold vortex, and the lower extratropical cyclone in the troposphere. On average, stratospheric O3 contributed 26.77 % to near-surface O3 levels over the North China Plain.
Naifu Shao, Chunsong Lu, Xingcan Jia, Yuan Wang, Yubin Li, Yan Yin, Bin Zhu, Tianliang Zhao, Duanyang Liu, Shengjie Niu, Shuxian Fan, Shuqi Yan, and Jingjing Lv
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9873–9890, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9873-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9873-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Fog is an important meteorological phenomenon that affects visibility. Aerosols and the planetary boundary layer (PBL) play critical roles in the fog life cycle. In this study, aerosol-induced changes in fog properties become more remarkable in the second fog (Fog2) than in the first fog (Fog1). The reason is that aerosol–cloud interaction (ACI) delays Fog1 dissipation, leading to the PBL meteorological conditions being more conducive to Fog2 formation and to stronger ACI in Fog2.
Chenglong Zhou, Yuzhi Liu, Qingzhe Zhu, Qing He, Tianliang Zhao, Fan Yang, Wen Huo, Xinghua Yang, and Ali Mamtimin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5195–5207, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5195-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5195-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the radiosonde observations, an anomalously warm layer is measured at altitudes between 500 and 300 hPa over the Tarim Basin (TB) with an average intensity of 2.53 and 1.39 K in the spring and summer, respectively. The heat contributions of dust to this anomalously warm atmospheric layer in spring and summer were 13.77 and 10.25 %, respectively. Topographically, the TB is adjacent to the Tibetan Plateau; we propose the concept of the Tibetan heat source’s northward extension.
Xiaoyun Sun, Tianliang Zhao, Yongqing Bai, Shaofei Kong, Huang Zheng, Weiyang Hu, Xiaodan Ma, and Jie Xiong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3579–3593, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3579-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3579-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study revealed the impact of anthropogenic emissions and meteorological conditions on PM2.5 decline in the regional transport of air pollutants over a receptor region in central China. The meteorological drivers led to upwind accelerating and downward offsetting of the effects of emission reductions over the receptor region in regional PM2.5 transport, and the contribution of gaseous precursor emissions to PM2.5 pollution was enhanced with reduced anthropogenic emissions in recent years.
Xiangde Xu, Chan Sun, Deliang Chen, Tianliang Zhao, Jianjun Xu, Shengjun Zhang, Juan Li, Bin Chen, Yang Zhao, Hongxiong Xu, Lili Dong, Xiaoyun Sun, and Yan Zhu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1149–1157, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1149-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1149-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A vertical transport window of tropospheric vapor exists on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The TP's thermal forcing drives the vertical transport
windowof vapor in the troposphere. The effects of the TP's vertical transport window of vapor are of importance in global climate change.
Xiangde Xu, Wenyue Cai, Tianliang Zhao, Xinfa Qiu, Wenhui Zhu, Chan Sun, Peng Yan, Chunzhu Wang, and Fei Ge
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14131–14139, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14131-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14131-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We found that the structure of atmospheric thermodynamics in the troposphere can be regarded as a strong forewarning signal for variations of surface PM2.5 concentration in heavy air pollution.
Zhuozhi Shu, Yubao Liu, Tianliang Zhao, Junrong Xia, Chenggang Wang, Le Cao, Haoliang Wang, Lei Zhang, Yu Zheng, Lijuan Shen, Lei Luo, and Yueqing Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9253–9268, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9253-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9253-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Focusing on a heavy haze pollution event in the Sichuan Basin (SCB), we investigated the elevated 3D structure of PM2.5 and trans-boundary transport with the WRF-Chem simulation. It is remarkable for vertical PM2.5 that the unique hollows were structured, which which occurred by the interaction of vortex circulations and topographic effects. The SCB was regarded as the major air pollutant source with the trans-boundary transport of PM2.5 affecting atmospheric environment changes.
Yingying Yan, Yue Zhou, Shaofei Kong, Jintai Lin, Jian Wu, Huang Zheng, Zexuan Zhang, Aili Song, Yongqing Bai, Zhang Ling, Dantong Liu, and Tianliang Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3143–3162, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3143-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3143-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze the effectiveness of emission reduction for local and upwind regions during winter haze episodes controlled by the main potential synoptic patterns over central China, a regional pollutant transport hub with sub-basin topography. Our results provide an opportunity to effectively mitigate haze pollution via local emission control actions in coordination with regional collaborative actions according to different synoptic patterns.
Lei Zhang, Sunling Gong, Tianliang Zhao, Chunhong Zhou, Yuesi Wang, Jiawei Li, Dongsheng Ji, Jianjun He, Hongli Liu, Ke Gui, Xiaomei Guo, Jinhui Gao, Yunpeng Shan, Hong Wang, Yaqiang Wang, Huizheng Che, and Xiaoye Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 703–718, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-703-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-703-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Development of chemical transport models with advanced physics and chemical schemes is important for improving air-quality forecasts. This study develops the chemical module CUACE by updating with a new particle dry deposition scheme and adding heterogenous chemical reactions and couples it with the WRF model. The coupled model (WRF/CUACE) was able to capture well the variations of PM2.5, O3, NO2, and secondary inorganic aerosols in eastern China.
Xiaodan Ma, Jianping Huang, Tianliang Zhao, Cheng Liu, Kaihui Zhao, Jia Xing, and Wei Xiao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The present work aims at identifying and quantifying the relative contributions of the key factors in driving a rapid increase in summertime surface O3 over the North China Plain during 2013–2019. In addition to anthropogenic emission reduction and meteorological variabilities, our study highlights the importance of inclusion of aerosol absorption and scattering properties rather than aerosol abundance only in accurate assessment of aerosol radiative effect on surface O3 formation and change.
Yongqing Bai, Tianliang Zhao, Yue Zhou, Jie Xiong, Weiyang Hu, Yao Gu, Lin Liu, Shaofei Kong, and Huang Zheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-708, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-708, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Heavy air pollution over central China with regional transport of PM2.5 during January of 2015-2019 were studied by using MV-EOF with multi-source observation data. It is revealed that the 3-D meteorological structure biulding a receptor region in regional transport of air pollutants over China for improving our our understanding on meteorological mechanism of regional transport of source-receptor air pollutants.
Xiaoning Xie, Anmin Duan, Zhengguo Shi, Xinzhou Li, Hui Sun, Xiaodong Liu, Xugeng Cheng, Tianliang Zhao, Huizheng Che, and Yangang Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11143–11159, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11143-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11143-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Observational and modeling results both show that the surface dust concentrations over the East Asian (EA) dust source region and over the northwestern Pacific (NP) in MAM are significantly positively correlated with TPSH. These atmospheric circulation anomalies induced by the increased TPSH result in increasing westerly winds over both EA and NP, which in turn increases dust emissions over the dust source and dust transport over these two regions, as well as the regional dust cycles.
Cited articles
Akritidis, D., Pozzer, A., Zanis, P., Tyrlis, E., Škerlak, B., Sprenger, M., and Lelieveld, J.: On the role of tropopause folds in summertime tropospheric ozone over the eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14025–14039, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14025-2016, 2016.
Ancellet, G., Beekmann, M., and Papayannis, A.: Impact of a cutoff low development on downward transport of ozone in the troposphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 99, 3451–3468, https://doi.org/10.1029/93JD02551, 1994.
Chen, W., Liao, H., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Future climate impacts of direct radiative forcing of anthropogenic aerosols, tropospheric ozone, and long-lived greenhouse gases, J. Geophys. Res., 112, 2006JD008051, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD008051, 2007.
Cressman, G. P.: Circulations of the West Pacific jet stream, Mon. Weather Rev., 109, 2450–2463, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1981)109<2450:COTWPJ>2.0.CO;2, 1981.
Ding, A. and Wang, T.: Influence of stratosphere-to-troposphere exchange on the seasonal cycle of surface ozone at Mount Waliguan in western China, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L03803, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024760, 2006.
Dong, M. and Yu, J.: A simulation study for the influences of Tibetan Plateau spring snow cover on the general circulation, J. Appl. Meteor. Sci., 8, 100–109, 1997.
Duan, A. and Wu, G.: Role of the Tibetan Plateau thermal forcing in the summer climate patterns over subtropical Asia, Clim. Dynam., 24, 793–807, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-004-0488-8, 2005.
Duan, A., Wu, G., Wang, B., Turner, A. G., Hu, J., Hu, W., Zhang, P., Hu, D., and Tang, Y.: Drivers of East Asian summer monsoon variability: Global oceans and the Tibetan Plateau, Sci. Bull., 69, 2487–2490, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2024.06.020, 2024.
Eisele, H., Scheel, H., Sladkovic, R., and Trickl, T.: High-resolution lidar measurements of stratosphere–troposphere exchange, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 319–330, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<0319:HRLMOS>2.0.CO;2, 1999.
Feng, Z., Hu, E., Wang, X., Jiang, L., and Liu, X.: Ground-level O3 pollution and its impacts on food crops in China: a review, Environ. Pollut., 199, 42–48, 2015.
Ge, J., You, Q., and Zhang, Y.: The influence of the Asian summer monsoon onset on the northward movement of the South Asian high towards the Tibetan Plateau and its thermodynamic mechanism, Int. J. Climatol., 38, 543–553, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5192, 2018.
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Horányi, A., Muñoz-Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Abdalla, S., Abellan, X., Balsamo, G., Bechtold, P., Biavati, G., Bidlot, J., Bonavita, M., De Chiara, G., Dahlgren, P., Dee, D., Diamantakis, M., Dragani, R., Flemming, J., Forbes, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A., Haimberger, L., Healy, S., Hogan, R. J., Hólm, E., Janisková, M., Keeley, S., Laloyaux, P., Lopez, P., Lupu, C., Radnoti, G., de Rosnay, P., Rozum, I., Vamborg, F., Villaume, S., and Thépaut, J.-N.: The ERA5 global reanalysis, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 146, 1999–2049, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803, 2020.
Hsu, J., Prather, M. J., and Wild, O.: Diagnosing the stratosphere-to-troposphere flux of ozone in a chemistry transport model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D19305, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006045, 2005.
James, P., Stohl, A., Forster, C., Eckhardt, S., Seibert, P., and Frank, A.: A 15 year climatology of stratosphere–troposphere exchange with a Lagrangian particle dispersion model: 1. Methodology and validation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 8519, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002637, 2003.
Kim, J. H. and Lee, H.: What causes the springtime tropospheric ozone maximum over Northeast Asia?, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 27, 543–551, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-009-9098-z, 2010.
Kuang, X., Zhang, Y., and Liu, J.: Seasonal variations of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet and the thermal mechanism, J. Meteorol. Res.-PRC, 21, 192–203, 2007.
Lee, J., Wu, Y., and Wang, X.: The Evolutions and Large-Scale Mechanisms of Summer Stratospheric Ozone Intrusion Across Global Hotspots, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 129, e2023JD039877, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD039877, 2024.
Li, D., Bian, J., and Fan, Q.: A deep stratospheric intrusion associated with an intense cut-off low event over East Asia, Sci. China Earth Sci., 58, 116–128, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-014-4977-2, 2015.
Li, S., Wang, T., Zanis, P., Melas, D., and Zhuang, B.: Impact of Tropospheric Ozone on Summer Climate in China, J. Meteorol. Res., 32, 279–287, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-018-7094-x, 2018.
Li, X. and Liu, X.: Numerical simulation of Tibetan Plateau heating anomaly influence on westerly jet in spring, J. Earth Syst. Sci., 124, 1599–1607, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-015-0630-5, 2015.
Liu, Y., Wu, G., Liu, H., and Liu, P.: Condensation heating of the Asian summer monsoon and the subtropical anticyclone in the Eastern Hemisphere, Clim. Dynam., 17, 327–338, https://doi.org/10.1007/s003820000117, 2001.
Liu, Y., Li, Y., Huang, J., Zhu, Q., and Wang, S.: Attribution of the Tibetan Plateau to northern drought, Natl. Sci. Rev., 7, 489–492, https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz191, 2020.
Luo, H. and Yanai, M.: The large-scale circulation and heat sources over the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas during the early summer of 1979. Part I: Precipitation and kinematic analyses, Mon. Weather Rev., 111, 922–944, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1983)111<0922:TLSCAH>2.0.CO;2, 1983.
Luo, H. and Yanai, M.: The large-scale circulation and heat sources over the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas during the early summer of 1979. Part II: Heat and moisture budgets, Mon. Weather Rev., 112, 966–989, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1984)112<0966:TLSCAH>2.0.CO;2, 1984.
Luo, Y., Zhao, T., Meng, K., Hu, J., Yang, Q., Bai, Y., Yang, K., Fu, W., Tan, C., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., and Li, Z.: A mechanism of stratospheric O3 intrusion into the atmospheric environment: a case study of the North China Plain, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7013–7026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7013-2024, 2024.
Meng, K., Zhao, T., Xu, X., Zhang, Z., Bai, Y., Hu, Y., Zhao, Y., Zhang, X., and Xin, Y.: Influence of stratosphere-to-troposphere transport on summertime surface O3 changes in North China Plain in 2019, Atmos. Res., 276, 106271, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106271, 2022.
Meng, K., Zhao, T., Bai, Y., Wu, M., Cao, L., Hou, X., Luo, Y., and Jiang, Y.: Tracing the origins of stratospheric ozone intrusions: direct vs. indirect pathways and their impacts on Central and Eastern China in spring–summer 2019, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12623–12642, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12623-2024, 2024.
Ni, Z.-Z., Luo, K., Gao, X., Gao, Y., Fan, J.-R., Fu, J. S., and Chen, C.-H.: Exploring the stratospheric source of ozone pollution over China during the 2016 Group of Twenty summit, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 10, 1267–1275, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2019.02.010, 2019.
Nuvolone, D., Petri, D., and Voller, F.: The effects of ozone on human health, Environ. Sci. Pollut. R., 25, 8074–8088, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9239-3, 2018.
Oltmans, S., Johnson, B., Harris, J., Thompson, A., Liu, H., Chan, C., Vömel, H., Fujimoto, T., Brackett, V., and Chang, W.: Tropospheric ozone over the North Pacific from ozonesonde observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D15S01, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003466, 2004.
Prohaska, J. T.: A technique for analyzing the linear relationships between two meteorological fields, Mon. Weather Rev., 104, 1345–1353, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1976)104<1345:ATFATL>2.0.CO;2, 1976.
Ren, R., Zhu, C., and Cai, M.: Linking quasi-biweekly variability of the South Asian high to atmospheric heating over Tibetan Plateau in summer, Clim. Dynam., 53, 3419–3429, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04713-4, 2019.
Schoeberl, M. R. and Hartmann, D. L.: The Dynamics of the Stratospheric Polar Vortex and Its Relation to Springtime Ozone Depletions, Science, 251, 46–52, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.251.4989.46, 1991.
Sein, Z. M. M., Zhi, X., Ogou, F. K., Nooni, I. K., Paing, K. H., and Yeboah, E.: Covariability of decadal surface air temperature variability over Myanmar with sea surface temperature based on singular value decomposition analysis, Environ. Res. Lett., 19, 044056, https://doi.org/10/gtqk8c, 2024.
Sillman, S.: 9.11 – Tropospheric Ozone and Photochemical Smog, in: Treatise on Geochemistry, edited by: Holland, H. D. and Turekian, K. K., Pergamon, Oxford, 407–431, https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/09053-8, 2003.
Škerlak, B., Sprenger, M., and Wernli, H.: A global climatology of stratosphere–troposphere exchange using the ERA-Interim data set from 1979 to 2011, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 913–937, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-913-2014, 2014.
Škerlak, B., Sprenger, M., Pfahl, S., Tyrlis, E., and Wernli, H.: Tropopause folds in ERA-Interim: Global climatology and relation to extreme weather events, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 4860–4877, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022787, 2015.
Škerlak, B., Pfahl, S., Sprenger, M., and Wernli, H.: A numerical process study on the rapid transport of stratospheric air down to the surface over western North America and the Tibetan Plateau, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 6535–6549, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6535-2019, 2019.
Sprenger, M. and Wernli, H.: A northern hemispheric climatology of cross-tropopause exchange for the ERA15 time period (1979–1993), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 8521, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002636, 2003.
Stohl, A., Bonasoni, P., Cristofanelli, P., Collins, W., Feichter, J., Frank, A., Forster, C., Gerasopoulos, E., Gäggeler, H., and James, P.: Stratosphere–troposphere exchange: A review, and what we have learned from STACCATO, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 8516, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002490, 2003.
Tan, Z., Liu, Y., Shao, T., Luo, R., Luo, M., and Xie, Y.: Association between Tibetan Heat Sources and Heat Waves in China, J. Climate, 36, 7905–7924, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0568.1, 2023.
Tyrlis, E., Škerlak, B., Sprenger, M., Wernli, H., Zittis, G., and Lelieveld, J.: On the linkage between the Asian summer monsoon and tropopause fold activity over the eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 3202–3221, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD021113, 2014.
Wang, C., Yang, K., Li, Y., Wu, D., and Bo, Y.: Impacts of Spatiotemporal Anomalies of Tibetan Plateau Snow Cover on Summer Precipitation in Eastern China, J. Climate, 30, 885–903, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0041.1, 2017.
Wu, G.: Thermal adaptation, overshooting, dispersion, and subtropical anticyclone Part I: Thermal adaptation and overshooting. Chinese, J. Atmos. Sci., 24, 433–446, 2000.
Wu, G., Liu, Y., Zhang, Q., Duan, A., Wang, T., Wan, R., Liu, X., Li, W., Wang, Z., and Liang, X.: The influence of mechanical and thermal forcing by the Tibetan Plateau on Asian climate, J. Hydrometeorol., 8, 770–789, 2007.
Wu, G., Duan, A., Liu, Y., Mao, J., Ren, R., Bao, Q., He, B., Liu, B., and Hu, W.: Tibetan Plateau climate dynamics: recent research progress and outlook, Natl. Sci. Rev., 2, 100–116, https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwu045, 2015.
Wu, G., Liu, Y., He, B., Bao, Q., and Wang, Z.: Review of the impact of the Tibetan Plateau sensible heat driven air-pump on the Asian summer monsoon, Chin. J. Atmos. Sci, 42, 488–504, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1801.17279, 2018.
Xu, H., Liang, X.-Z., and Xue, Y.: Regional climate modeling to understand Tibetan heating remote impacts on East China precipitation, Clim. Dynam., 62, 2683–2701, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06266-5, 2024.
Xu, X., Lu, C., Shi, X., and Ding, Y.: Large-scale topography of China: A factor for the seasonal progression of the Meiyu rainband?, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D02110, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012444, 2010.
Xu, X., Zhao, T., Liu, F., Gong, S. L., Kristovich, D., Lu, C., Guo, Y., Cheng, X., Wang, Y., and Ding, G.: Climate modulation of the Tibetan Plateau on haze in China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 1365–1375, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1365-2016, 2016.
Yanai, M., Esbensen, S., and Chu, J.-H.: Determination of bulk properties of tropical cloud clusters from large-scale heat and moisture budgets, J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 611–627, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1973)030<0611:DOBPOT>2.0.CO;2, 1973.
Yanai, M., Li, C., and Song, Z.: Seasonal Heating of the Tibetan Plateau and Its Effects on the Evolution of the Asian Summer Monsoon, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 70, 319–351, https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj1965.70.1B_319, 1992.
Yang, H., Chen, G., Tang, Q., and Hess, P.: Quantifying isentropic stratosphere–troposphere exchange of ozone, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 3372–3387, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024180, 2016.
Yang, Q., Zhao, T., Bai, Y., Wei, J., Sun, X., Tian, Z., Hu, J., Ma, X., Luo, Y., Fu, W., and Yang, K.: Interannual variations in ozone pollution with a dipole structure over Eastern China associated with springtime thermal forcing over the Tibetan Plateau, Sci. Total Environ., 923, 171527, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171527, 2024.
Yue, X., Unger, N., Harper, K., Xia, X., Liao, H., Zhu, T., Xiao, J., Feng, Z., and Li, J.: Ozone and haze pollution weakens net primary productivity in China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 6073–6089, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6073-2017, 2017.
Zanis, P., Schuepbach, E., Gaeggeler, H., Huebener, S., and Tobler, L.: Factors controlling beryllium-7 at Jungfraujoch in Switzerland, Tellus B, 51, 789–805, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0889.1999.t01-3-00004.x, 1999.
Zhao, K., Huang, J., Wu, Y., Yuan, Z., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Ma, X., Liu, X., Ma, W., Wang, Y., and Zhang, X.: Impact of Stratospheric Intrusions on Ozone Enhancement in the Lower Troposphere and Implication to Air Quality in Hong Kong and Other South China Regions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, e2020JD033955, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033955, 2021.
Zhou, H., Zhang, L., Liu, X., Liang, D., Zhu, Q., and Gou, Y.: Study of the Relationship between High Mountain Asia Snow Cover and Drought and Flood in the Yangtze River Basin during 1980–2019, Remote Sens., 14, 3588, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153588, 2022.
Short summary
This study reveals a unique driver of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) thermal forcing of the interannual variations in stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT) of ozone with diverse structures. Anomalous strong TP thermal forcing induces anticyclonic anomalies in the upper troposphere over the TP, which strengthens and attenuates the northern and southern branches of the westerly jet, intensifying (weakening) the westerly trough for more (fewer) tropopause folds of ozone STT over the East Asian region.
This study reveals a unique driver of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) thermal forcing of the...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint