Articles | Volume 25, issue 22
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16315-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16315-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Measurement report
| 
20 Nov 2025
Measurement report |
| 20 Nov 2025
| 20 Nov 2025
Measurement report: Molecular characterization of organic aerosol in coastal environments using offline FIGAERO-I-CIMS
Yuping Chen
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Lingling Xu
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
Xiaolong Fan
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
Ziyi Lin
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Chen Yang
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Gaojie Chen
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Ronghua Zheng
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
Youwei Hong
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
Mengren Li
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
Yanru Zhang
Xiamen Environmental Monitoring Station, Xiamen 361021, China
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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Ziyi Lin, Xiuwen Yong, Lingjun Li, Yuping Chen, Lingling Xu, Xiaoting Ji, Chen Yang, Keran Zhang, Feng Zhang, Ziying Chen, Gaojie Chen, Xiaolong Fan, Mengren Li, and Jinsheng Chen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3380, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3380, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
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Nitrogen dioxide can react on wet surfaces, producing pollutants that affect air quality. To understand why this process is stronger in coastal regions, we conducted field measurements in a Chinese coastal city during sea–land breeze periods. We found that chloride from sea salt greatly enhances nitrogen dioxide uptake, increasing the formation of nitrous acid and nitrate. This highlights a key role of chlorine in coastal air pollution and improves predictions of nighttime atmospheric chemistry.
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Based on field observations of N2O5, we found extremely high nighttime concentrations of N2O5, with a maximum value of 2.52 ppb. Further multiphase box model analysis revealed that the heterogeneous uptake of N2O5 is the most significant nitrate formation pathway in NO2-limited urban areas. Additionally, we further analyzed the reasons for this high N2O5 uptake contribution, and discussed the synergistic reduction of nitrates and O3.
Lingjun Li, Mengren Li, Xiaolong Fan, Yuping Chen, Ziyi Lin, Anqi Hou, Siqing Zhang, Ronghua Zheng, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3669–3685, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3669-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3669-2025, 2025
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Here, we show differences and variations in the aerosol scattering hygroscopic growth factor (f(RH)) between new particle formation (NPF) and non-NPF days and the effect of aerosol chemical compositions on f(RH) in Xiamen with in situ observations. The findings are helpful for the further understanding of aerosol hygroscopicity in a coastal city and the use of hygroscopic growth factors in models of air quality and climate change.
Jiayan Shi, Yuping Chen, Lingling Xu, Youwei Hong, Mengren Li, Xiaolong Fan, Liqian Yin, Yanting Chen, Chen Yang, Gaojie Chen, Taotao Liu, Xiaoting Ji, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11187–11202, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11187-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11187-2022, 2022
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Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) was observed in Southeast China over the period 2012–2020. The observed GEM concentrations showed no distinct inter-annual variation trends. The interpretation rate of transportation and meteorology on GEM variations displayed an increasing trend. In contrast, anthropogenic emissions have shown a decreasing interpretation rate since 2012, indicating the effectiveness of emission mitigation measures in reducing GEM concentrations in the study region.
Taotao Liu, Yiling Lin, Jinsheng Chen, Gaojie Chen, Chen Yang, Lingling Xu, Mengren Li, Xiaolong Fan, Yanting Chen, Liqian Yin, Yuping Chen, Xiaoting Ji, Ziyi Lin, Fuwang Zhang, Hong Wang, and Youwei Hong
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-292, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-292, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Field observations and models analysis were carried out in a coastal city to study HCHO formation mechanism and its impacts on photochemistry. HCHO contributed to atmospheric oxidation by around 10 %, reflecting its significance in photochemistry. Disabling HCHO mechanism made net O3 production rates decrease by 31 %, which were dominated by the reductions of pathways relating to radical reactions, indicating the HCHO affected O3 mainly by controlling the efficiencies of radical propagation.
Taotao Liu, Gaojie Chen, Jinsheng Chen, Lingling Xu, Mengren Li, Youwei Hong, Yanting Chen, Xiaoting Ji, Chen Yang, Yuping Chen, Weiguo Huang, Quanjia Huang, and Hong Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4339–4353, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4339-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4339-2022, 2022
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We clarified the seasonal variations of PAN pollution, influencing factors, its mechanisms, and impacts on O3 based on OBM and GAM models. PAN presented inhibition and promotion effects on O3 under low and high ROx levels. Monitoring of PAN and its precursors, and the quantification of its impacts on O3 formation, significantly guide photochemical pollution control. The analysis methods used in this study provide a reference for study of the formation mechanisms of PAN and O3 in other regions.
Lingling Xu, Jiayan Shi, Yuping Chen, Yanru Zhang, Mengrong Yang, Yanting Chen, Liqian Yin, Lei Tong, Hang Xiao, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18543–18555, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18543-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18543-2021, 2021
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Mercury (Hg) isotopic compositions in aerosols are the mixed results of emission sources and atmospheric processes. This study presents Hg isotopic compositions in PM2.5 from different types of locations and total Hg from offshore surface seawater. The results indicate that atmospheric transformations induce significant mass independent fractionation of Hg isotopes, which obscures Hg isotopic signatures of initial emissions.
Jing Cai, Yongchun Liu, Feixue Zheng, Dian Ding, Wei Du, Liang Yuan, Yingjie Zou, Lazong Suolang, Rongxiang Lu, Wanwei Li, Chao Liu, Xiaolong Fan, Qiaozhi Zha, Mengxiao Luan, and Jiandong Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4106, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4106, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
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Characterizing organic aerosol (OA) molecular composition, sources and toxicity in the North China Plain remains difficult. Through comprehensive online and offline measurements in Weifang, a representative medium-sized city, we identify combustion-derived OA with a moderate oxidation state as the key drivers of oxidative potential (OP). These insights are critical for health risk assessments amidst the region’s ongoing reduction in particulate mass due to emission controls.
Ziyi Lin, Xiuwen Yong, Lingjun Li, Yuping Chen, Lingling Xu, Xiaoting Ji, Chen Yang, Keran Zhang, Feng Zhang, Ziying Chen, Gaojie Chen, Xiaolong Fan, Mengren Li, and Jinsheng Chen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3380, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3380, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
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Nitrogen dioxide can react on wet surfaces, producing pollutants that affect air quality. To understand why this process is stronger in coastal regions, we conducted field measurements in a Chinese coastal city during sea–land breeze periods. We found that chloride from sea salt greatly enhances nitrogen dioxide uptake, increasing the formation of nitrous acid and nitrate. This highlights a key role of chlorine in coastal air pollution and improves predictions of nighttime atmospheric chemistry.
Yishuo Guo, Chao Yan, Chang Li, Chenjuan Deng, Ying Zhang, Ying Zhou, Haotian Zheng, Yueqi Jiang, Xin Chen, Wei Ma, Nina Sarnela, Zhuohui Lin, Chenjie Hua, Xiaolong Fan, Feixue Zheng, Zemin Feng, Zongcheng Wang, Yusheng Zhang, Jingkun Jiang, Bin Zhao, Markku Kulmala, and Yongchun Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 3467–3487, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-3467-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-3467-2026, 2026
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Gaseous sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is a key precursor in atmospheric cluster formation. Measurement challenges hinder its widespread observation. We conducted a three-year continuous measurement of H2SO4 in urban Beijing during 2019–2021, characterize its interannual, seasonal, and diurnal variations, and derives proxies to estimate its concentration. These proxies and parameters therein could be applicable at diverse sites and thus provide H2SO4 concentration covering many regions worldwide.
Ziyi Lin, Chuanyou Ying, Lingling Xu, Xiaoting Ji, Keran Zhang, Feng Zhang, Gaojie Chen, Lingjun Li, Chen Yang, Yuping Chen, Ziying Chen, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 17747–17759, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17747-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17747-2025, 2025
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Based on field observations of N2O5, we found extremely high nighttime concentrations of N2O5, with a maximum value of 2.52 ppb. Further multiphase box model analysis revealed that the heterogeneous uptake of N2O5 is the most significant nitrate formation pathway in NO2-limited urban areas. Additionally, we further analyzed the reasons for this high N2O5 uptake contribution, and discussed the synergistic reduction of nitrates and O3.
Gaojie Chen, Xiaolong Fan, Haichao Wang, Yee Jun Tham, Ziyi Lin, Xiaoting Ji, Lingling Xu, Baoye Hu, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 7815–7828, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7815-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7815-2025, 2025
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Our study revealed that the nighttime heterogeneous dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) uptake process was the major contributor of nitryl chloride (ClNO2) sources, while nitrate photolysis may promote the elevation of daytime ClNO2 concentrations. The rates of alkane oxidation by chlorine (Cl) radical in the early morning exceeded those by OH radical, significantly promoted the formation of ROx and ozone (O3), and further enhanced the atmospheric oxidation capacity levels.
Lingjun Li, Mengren Li, Xiaolong Fan, Yuping Chen, Ziyi Lin, Anqi Hou, Siqing Zhang, Ronghua Zheng, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3669–3685, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3669-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3669-2025, 2025
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Here, we show differences and variations in the aerosol scattering hygroscopic growth factor (f(RH)) between new particle formation (NPF) and non-NPF days and the effect of aerosol chemical compositions on f(RH) in Xiamen with in situ observations. The findings are helpful for the further understanding of aerosol hygroscopicity in a coastal city and the use of hygroscopic growth factors in models of air quality and climate change.
Baoye Hu, Naihua Chen, Rui Li, Mingqiang Huang, Jinsheng Chen, Youwei Hong, Lingling Xu, Xiaolong Fan, Mengren Li, Lei Tong, Qiuping Zheng, and Yuxiang Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 905–921, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-905-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-905-2025, 2025
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Box modeling with the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) was used to explore summertime peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) formation and its link to aerosol pollution under high-ozone conditions. The MCM model is effective in the study of PAN photochemical formation and performed better during the clean period than the haze period. Machine learning analysis identified ammonia, nitrate, and fine particulate matter as the top three factors contributing to simulation bias.
Yusheng Zhang, Feixue Zheng, Zemin Feng, Chaofan Lian, Weigang Wang, Xiaolong Fan, Wei Ma, Zhuohui Lin, Chang Li, Gen Zhang, Chao Yan, Ying Zhang, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Federico Bianch, Tuukka Petäjä, Juha Kangasluoma, Markku Kulmala, and Yongchun Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8569–8587, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8569-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8569-2024, 2024
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The nitrous acid (HONO) budget was validated during a COVID-19 lockdown event. The main conclusions are (1) HONO concentrations showed a significant decrease from 0.97 to 0.53 ppb during lockdown; (2) vehicle emissions accounted for 53 % of nighttime sources, with the heterogeneous conversion of NO2 on ground surfaces more important than aerosol; and (3) the dominant daytime source shifted from the homogenous reaction between NO and OH (51 %) to nitrate photolysis (53 %) during lockdown.
Youwei Hong, Keran Zhang, Dan Liao, Gaojie Chen, Min Zhao, Yiling Lin, Xiaoting Ji, Ke Xu, Yu Wu, Ruilian Yu, Gongren Hu, Sung-Deuk Choi, Likun Xue, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10795–10807, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10795-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10795-2023, 2023
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Particle uptakes of HCHO and the impacts on PM2.5 and O3 production remain highly uncertain. Based on the investigation of co-occurring wintertime O3 and PM2.5 pollution in a coastal city of southeast China, we found enhanced heterogeneous formation of hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) and increased ROx concentrations and net O3 production rates. The findings of this study are helpful to better explore the mechanisms of key precursors for co-occurring PM2.5 and O3 pollution.
Jiayan Shi, Yuping Chen, Lingling Xu, Youwei Hong, Mengren Li, Xiaolong Fan, Liqian Yin, Yanting Chen, Chen Yang, Gaojie Chen, Taotao Liu, Xiaoting Ji, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11187–11202, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11187-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11187-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) was observed in Southeast China over the period 2012–2020. The observed GEM concentrations showed no distinct inter-annual variation trends. The interpretation rate of transportation and meteorology on GEM variations displayed an increasing trend. In contrast, anthropogenic emissions have shown a decreasing interpretation rate since 2012, indicating the effectiveness of emission mitigation measures in reducing GEM concentrations in the study region.
Youwei Hong, Xinbei Xu, Dan Liao, Taotao Liu, Xiaoting Ji, Ke Xu, Chunyang Liao, Ting Wang, Chunshui Lin, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7827–7841, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7827-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7827-2022, 2022
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Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) simulation remains uncertain, due to the unknown SOA formation mechanisms. Aerosol samples with a 4 h time resolution were collected, along with online measurements of aerosol chemical compositions and meteorological parameters. We found that anthropogenic emissions, atmospheric oxidation capacity and halogen chemistry have significant effects on the formation of biogenic SOA (BSOA). The findings of this study are helpful to better explore the missed SOA sources.
Taotao Liu, Yiling Lin, Jinsheng Chen, Gaojie Chen, Chen Yang, Lingling Xu, Mengren Li, Xiaolong Fan, Yanting Chen, Liqian Yin, Yuping Chen, Xiaoting Ji, Ziyi Lin, Fuwang Zhang, Hong Wang, and Youwei Hong
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-292, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-292, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Field observations and models analysis were carried out in a coastal city to study HCHO formation mechanism and its impacts on photochemistry. HCHO contributed to atmospheric oxidation by around 10 %, reflecting its significance in photochemistry. Disabling HCHO mechanism made net O3 production rates decrease by 31 %, which were dominated by the reductions of pathways relating to radical reactions, indicating the HCHO affected O3 mainly by controlling the efficiencies of radical propagation.
Taotao Liu, Gaojie Chen, Jinsheng Chen, Lingling Xu, Mengren Li, Youwei Hong, Yanting Chen, Xiaoting Ji, Chen Yang, Yuping Chen, Weiguo Huang, Quanjia Huang, and Hong Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4339–4353, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4339-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4339-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We clarified the seasonal variations of PAN pollution, influencing factors, its mechanisms, and impacts on O3 based on OBM and GAM models. PAN presented inhibition and promotion effects on O3 under low and high ROx levels. Monitoring of PAN and its precursors, and the quantification of its impacts on O3 formation, significantly guide photochemical pollution control. The analysis methods used in this study provide a reference for study of the formation mechanisms of PAN and O3 in other regions.
Taotao Liu, Youwei Hong, Mengren Li, Lingling Xu, Jinsheng Chen, Yahui Bian, Chen Yang, Yangbin Dan, Yingnan Zhang, Likun Xue, Min Zhao, Zhi Huang, and Hong Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2173–2190, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2173-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2173-2022, 2022
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Based on the OBM-MCM model analyses, the study aims to clarify (1) the pollution characteristics of O3 and its precursors, (2) the atmospheric oxidation capacity and radical chemistry, and (3) the O3 formation mechanism and sensitivity analysis. The results are expected to enhance the understanding of the O3 formation mechanism with low O3 precursor levels and provide scientific evidence for O3 pollution control in coastal cities.
Baoye Hu, Jun Duan, Youwei Hong, Lingling Xu, Mengren Li, Yahui Bian, Min Qin, Wu Fang, Pinhua Xie, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 371–393, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-371-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-371-2022, 2022
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There has been a lack of research into HONO in coastal cities with low concentrations of PM2.5, but strong sunlight and high humidity. Insufficient research on coastal cities with good air quality has resulted in certain obstacles to assessing the photochemical processes in these areas. Furthermore, HONO contributes to the atmospheric photochemistry depending on the season. Therefore, observations of HONO across four seasons in the southeastern coastal area of China are urgently needed.
Lingling Xu, Jiayan Shi, Yuping Chen, Yanru Zhang, Mengrong Yang, Yanting Chen, Liqian Yin, Lei Tong, Hang Xiao, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18543–18555, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18543-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18543-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Mercury (Hg) isotopic compositions in aerosols are the mixed results of emission sources and atmospheric processes. This study presents Hg isotopic compositions in PM2.5 from different types of locations and total Hg from offshore surface seawater. The results indicate that atmospheric transformations induce significant mass independent fractionation of Hg isotopes, which obscures Hg isotopic signatures of initial emissions.
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Short summary
This study investigates the molecular characteristics and chemical evolution of organic aerosol (OA) in contrasting urban and seaside environments by offline Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Urban OA was enriched in aromatic species, while seaside OA featured aliphatic and highly oxidized compounds. Marine-derived humid air masses promoted aqueous/heterogeneous phase OA formation, leading to a higher oxidation state.
This study investigates the molecular characteristics and chemical evolution of organic aerosol...
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