Articles | Volume 25, issue 21
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-15507-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-15507-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
13 Nov 2025
Research article |
| 13 Nov 2025
| 13 Nov 2025
Modeling on the drought stress impact on the summertime biogenic isoprene emissions in South Korea
Yong-Cheol Jeong
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
now at: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Air Resource Laboratory, College Park, MD, USA
Hyeonmin Kim
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
Rokjin J. Park
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
Mahmoudreza Momeni
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
Eunjo S. Ha, Rokjin J. Park, Hyeong-Ahn Kwon, Gitaek T. Lee, Sieun D. Lee, Seunga Shin, Dong-Won Lee, Hyunkee Hong, Christophe Lerot, Isabelle De Smedt, Thomas Danckaert, Francois Hendrick, and Hitoshi Irie
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 6369–6384, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6369-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6369-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we evaluated the GEMS glyoxal products by comparing them with TROPOMI and MAX-DOAS measurements. GEMS and TROPOMI VCDs present similar spatial distributions. Monthly variations in GEMS VCDs and TROPOMI and MAX-DOAS VCDs differ in northeastern Asia, which we attributed to a polluted reference spectrum and high NO2 concentrations. GEMS glyoxal products with unparalleled temporal resolution would enrich our understanding of VOC emissions and diurnal variation.
Yujin J. Oak, Daniel J. Jacob, Nicholas Balasus, Laura H. Yang, Heesung Chong, Junsung Park, Hanlim Lee, Gitaek T. Lee, Eunjo S. Ha, Rokjin J. Park, Hyeong-Ahn Kwon, and Jhoon Kim
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 5147–5159, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5147-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5147-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present an improved NO2 product from GEMS by calibrating it to TROPOMI using machine learning and by reprocessing both satellite products to adopt common NO2 profiles. Our corrected GEMS product combines the high data density of GEMS with the accuracy of TROPOMI, supporting the combined use for analyses of East Asia air quality including emissions and chemistry. This method can be extended to other species and geostationary satellites including TEMPO and Sentinel-4.
Wei Li and Yuxuan Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9339–9353, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9339-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9339-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Droughts immensely increased organic aerosol (OA) in the contiguous United States in summer (1998–2019), notably in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) and Southeast (SEUS). The OA rise in the SEUS is driven by the enhanced formation of epoxydiol-derived secondary organic aerosol due to the increase in biogenic volatile organic compounds and sulfate, while in the PNW, it is caused by wildfires. A total of 10 climate models captured the OA increase in the PNW yet greatly underestimated it in the SEUS.
Gitaek T. Lee, Rokjin J. Park, Hyeong-Ahn Kwon, Eunjo S. Ha, Sieun D. Lee, Seunga Shin, Myoung-Hwan Ahn, Mina Kang, Yong-Sang Choi, Gyuyeon Kim, Dong-Won Lee, Deok-Rae Kim, Hyunkee Hong, Bavo Langerock, Corinne Vigouroux, Christophe Lerot, Francois Hendrick, Gaia Pinardi, Isabelle De Smedt, Michel Van Roozendael, Pucai Wang, Heesung Chong, Yeseul Cho, and Jhoon Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4733–4749, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4733-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4733-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study evaluates the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) HCHO product by comparing its vertical column densities (VCDs) with those of TROPOMI and ground-based observations. Based on some sensitivity tests, obtaining radiance references under clear-sky conditions significantly improves HCHO retrieval quality. GEMS HCHO VCDs captured seasonal and diurnal variations well during the first year of observation, showing consistency with TROPOMI and ground-based observations.
Wei Li, Yuxuan Wang, Xueying Liu, Ehsan Soleimanian, Travis Griggs, James Flynn, and Paul Walter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13685–13699, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13685-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13685-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study examined high offshore ozone events in Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, using boat data and WRF–CAMx modeling during the TRACER-AQ 2021 field campaign. On average, high ozone is caused by chemistry due to the regional transport of volatile organic compounds and downwind advection of NOx from the ship channel. Two case studies show advection of ozone can be another process leading to high ozone, and accurate wind prediction is crucial for air quality forecasting in coastal areas.
Sujan Shrestha, Shan Zhou, Manisha Mehra, Meghan Guagenti, Subin Yoon, Sergio L. Alvarez, Fangzhou Guo, Chun-Ying Chao, James H. Flynn III, Yuxuan Wang, Robert J. Griffin, Sascha Usenko, and Rebecca J. Sheesley
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10845–10867, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10845-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10845-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated different methods for assessing the influence of long-range transport of biomass burning (BB) plumes at a coastal site in Texas, USA. We show that the aerosol composition and optical properties exhibited good agreement, while CO and acetonitrile trends were less specific for assessing BB source influence. Our results demonstrate that the network of aerosol optical measurements can be useful for identifying the influence of aged BB plumes in anthropogenically influenced areas.
Xueying Liu, Yuxuan Wang, Shailaja Wasti, Wei Li, Ehsan Soleimanian, James Flynn, Travis Griggs, Sergio Alvarez, John T. Sullivan, Maurice Roots, Laurence Twigg, Guillaume Gronoff, Timothy Berkoff, Paul Walter, Mark Estes, Johnathan W. Hair, Taylor Shingler, Amy Jo Scarino, Marta Fenn, and Laura Judd
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 5493–5514, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5493-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5493-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
With a comprehensive suite of ground-based and airborne remote sensing measurements during the 2021 TRacking Aerosol Convection ExpeRiment – Air Quality (TRACER-AQ) campaign in Houston, this study evaluates the simulation of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) height and the ozone vertical profile by a high-resolution (1.33 km) 3-D photochemical model Weather Research and Forecasting-driven GEOS-Chem (WRF-GC).
Claudia Bernier, Yuxuan Wang, Guillaume Gronoff, Timothy Berkoff, K. Emma Knowland, John T. Sullivan, Ruben Delgado, Vanessa Caicedo, and Brian Carroll
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15313–15331, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15313-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15313-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal regions are susceptible to variable and high ozone which is difficult to simulate. We developed a method to characterize large datasets of multi-dimensional measurements from lidar instruments taken in coastal regions. Using the clustered ozone groups, we evaluated model performance in simulating the coastal ozone variability vertically and diurnally. The approach allowed us to pinpoint areas where the models succeed in simulating coastal ozone and areas where there are still gaps.
Yuxuan Wang, Nan Lin, Wei Li, Alex Guenther, Joey C. Y. Lam, Amos P. K. Tai, Mark J. Potosnak, and Roger Seco
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14189–14208, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14189-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14189-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Drought can cause large changes in biogenic isoprene emissions. In situ field observations of isoprene emissions during droughts are confined by spatial coverage and, thus, provide limited constraints. We derived a drought stress factor based on satellite HCHO data for MEGAN2.1 in the GEOS-Chem model using water stress and temperature. This factor reduces the overestimation of isoprene emissions during severe droughts and improves the simulated O3 and organic aerosol responses to droughts.
Elizabeth Klovenski, Yuxuan Wang, Susanne E. Bauer, Kostas Tsigaridis, Greg Faluvegi, Igor Aleinov, Nancy Y. Kiang, Alex Guenther, Xiaoyan Jiang, Wei Li, and Nan Lin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13303–13323, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13303-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13303-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Severe drought stresses vegetation and causes reduced emission of isoprene. We study the impact of including a new isoprene drought stress (yd) parameterization in NASA GISS ModelE called DroughtStress_ModelE, which is specifically tuned for ModelE. Inclusion of yd leads to better simulated isoprene emissions at the MOFLUX site during the severe drought of 2012, reduced overestimation of OMI satellite ΩHCHO (formaldehyde column), and improved simulated O3 (ozone) during drought.
Wei Li and Yuxuan Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7843–7859, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7843-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7843-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fine dust is an important component of PM2.5 and can be largely modulated by droughts. In contrast to the increase in dust in the southwest USA where major dust sources are located, dust in the southeast USA is affected more by long-range transport from Africa and decreases under droughts. Both the transport and emissions of African dust are weakened when the southeast USA is under droughts, which reveals how regional-scale droughts can influence aerosol abundance through long-range transport.
Dianne Sanchez, Roger Seco, Dasa Gu, Alex Guenther, John Mak, Youngjae Lee, Danbi Kim, Joonyoung Ahn, Don Blake, Scott Herndon, Daun Jeong, John T. Sullivan, Thomas Mcgee, Rokjin Park, and Saewung Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6331–6345, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6331-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6331-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present observations of total reactive gases in a suburban forest observatory in the Seoul metropolitan area. The quantitative comparison with speciated trace gas observations illustrated significant underestimation in atmospheric reactivity from the speciated trace gas observational dataset. We present scientific discussion about potential causes.
Cited articles
Alvarado, L. M. A., Richter, A., Vrekoussis, M., Hilboll, A., Kalisz Hedegaard, A. B., Schneising, O., and Burrows, J. P.: Unexpected long-range transport of glyoxal and formaldehyde observed from the Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite during the 2018 Canadian wildfires, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2057–2072, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2057-2020, 2020.
Atkinson, R.: Atmospheric chemistry of VOCs and NOx, Atmos. Environ., 34, 2063–2101, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00460-4, 2000.
Bates, K. H. and Jacob, D. J.: A new model mechanism for atmospheric oxidation of isoprene: global effects on oxidants, nitrogen oxides, organic products, and secondary organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 9613–9640, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9613-2019, 2019.
Bauwens, M., Stavrakou, T., Müller, J.-F., De Smedt, I., Van Roozendael, M., van der Werf, G. R., Wiedinmyer, C., Kaiser, J. W., Sindelarova, K., and Guenther, A.: Nine years of global hydrocarbon emissions based on source inversion of OMI formaldehyde observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10133–10158, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10133-2016, 2016.
Best, M. J., Pryor, M., Clark, D. B., Rooney, G. G., Essery, R. L. H., Ménard, C. B., Edwards, J. M., Hendry, M. A., Porson, A., Gedney, N., Mercado, L. M., Sitch, S., Blyth, E., Boucher, O., Cox, P. M., Grimmond, C. S. B., and Harding, R. J.: The Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES), model description – Part 1: Energy and water fluxes, Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 677–699, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-677-2011, 2011.
Bey, I., Jacob, D. J., Yantosca, R. M., Logan, J. A., Field, B. D., Fiore, A. M., Li, Q., Liu, H. Y., Mickley, L. J., and Schultz, M. G.: Global modeling of tropospheric chemistry with assimilated meteorology: Model description and evaluation, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 23073–23095, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000807, 2001.
Chance, K.: OMI/Aura Formaldehyde (HCHO) Total Column Daily L3 Weighted Mean Global 0.1 deg Lat/Lon Grid V003, Greenbelt, MD, USA, Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/Aura/OMI/DATA3010, 2019.
Chen, D., Wang, Y., McElroy, M. B., He, K., Yantosca, R. M., and Le Sager, P.: Regional CO pollution and export in China simulated by the high-resolution nested-grid GEOS-Chem model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3825–3839, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-3825-2009, 2009.
Choi, J., Henze, D. K., Cao, H., Nowlan, C. R., González Abad, G., Kwon, H. A., Lee, H. M., Oak, Y. J., Park, R. J., and Bates, K. H.: An inversion framework for optimizing non-methane VOC emissions using remote sensing and airborne observations in northeast Asia during the KORUS-AQ field campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 127, e2021JD035844, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035844, 2022.
Clark, D. B., Mercado, L. M., Sitch, S., Jones, C. D., Gedney, N., Best, M. J., Pryor, M., Rooney, G. G., Essery, R. L. H., Blyth, E., Boucher, O., Harding, R. J., Huntingford, C., and Cox, P. M.: The Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES), model description – Part 2: Carbon fluxes and vegetation dynamics, Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 701–722, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-701-2011, 2011.
Cooper, M., Martin, R. V., Padmanabhan, A., and Henze, D. K.: Comparing mass balance and adjoint methods for inverse modeling of nitrogen dioxide columns for global nitrogen oxide emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 122, 4718–4734, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025985, 2017.
Ferracci, V., Bolas, C. G., Freshwater, R. A., Staniaszek, Z., King, T., Jaars, K., Otu-Larbi, F., Beale, J., Malhi, Y., and Waine, T. W.: Continuous isoprene measurements in a UK temperate forest for a whole growing season: Effects of drought stress during the 2018 heatwave, Geophy. Res. Lett., 47, e2020GL088885, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088885, 2020.
Fisher, J. A., Jacob, D. J., Travis, K. R., Kim, P. S., Marais, E. A., Chan Miller, C., Yu, K., Zhu, L., Yantosca, R. M., Sulprizio, M. P., Mao, J., Wennberg, P. O., Crounse, J. D., Teng, A. P., Nguyen, T. B., St. Clair, J. M., Cohen, R. C., Romer, P., Nault, B. A., Wooldridge, P. J., Jimenez, J. L., Campuzano-Jost, P., Day, D. A., Hu, W., Shepson, P. B., Xiong, F., Blake, D. R., Goldstein, A. H., Misztal, P. K., Hanisco, T. F., Wolfe, G. M., Ryerson, T. B., Wisthaler, A., and Mikoviny, T.: Organic nitrate chemistry and its implications for nitrogen budgets in an isoprene- and monoterpene-rich atmosphere: constraints from aircraft (SEAC4RS) and ground-based (SOAS) observations in the Southeast US, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5969–5991, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5969-2016, 2016.
Fountoukis, C. and Nenes, A.: ISORROPIA II: a computationally efficient thermodynamic equilibrium model for K+–Ca2+–Mg2+–
Funk, J. L., Jones, C. G., Gray, D. W., Throop, H. L., Hyatt, L. A., and Lerdau, M. T.: Variation in isoprene emission from Quercus rubra: Sources, causes, and consequences for estimating fluxes, J. Geophys. Res., 110, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005229, 2005.
Guenther, A., Karl, T., Harley, P., Wiedinmyer, C., Palmer, P. I., and Geron, C.: Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3181–3210, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3181-2006, 2006.
Guenther, A., Jiang, X., Heald, C. L., Sakulyanontvittaya, T., Duhl, T. A., Emmons, L., and Wang, X.: The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1 (MEGAN2.1): an extended and updated framework for modeling biogenic emissions, Geosci. Model Dev., 5, 1471-1492, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1471-2012, 2012.
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Horányi, A., Muñoz-Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., and Schepers, D.: The ERA5 global reanalysis, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 146, 1999–2049, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803, 2020.
Holm, S. M. and Balmes, J. R.: Systematic review of ozone effects on human lung function, 2013 through 2020, Chest, 161, 190–201, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2021.07.2170, 2022.
Huang, L., McGaughey, G., McDonald-Buller, E., Kimura, Y., and Allen, D. T.: Quantifying regional, seasonal and interannual contributions of environmental factors on isoprene and monoterpene emissions estimates over eastern Texas, Atmos. Environ., 106, 120–128, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.01.072, 2015.
Jang, Y., Eo, Y., Jang, M., Woo, J.-H., Kim, Y., Lee, J.-B., and Lim, J.-H.: Impact of land cover and leaf area index on BVOC emissions over the Korean Peninsula, Atmosphere, 11, 806, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11080806, 2020.
Jiang, X., Guenther, A., Potosnak, M., Geron, C., Seco, R., Karl, T., Kim, S., Gu, L., and Pallardy, S.: Isoprene emission response to drought and the impact on global atmospheric chemistry, Atmos. Environ., 183, 69–83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.01.026, 2018.
Jo, H.-W., Krasovskiy, A., Hong, M., Corning, S., Kim, W., Kraxner, F., and Lee, W.-K.: Modeling Historical and Future Forest Fires in South Korea: The FLAM Optimization Approach, Remote Sens., 15, 1446, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051446, 2023.
Kashfi Yeganeh, A., Momeni, M., Choi, Y., Park, J., and Jung, J.: A case study of surface ozone source contributions in the Seoul metropolitan area using the adjoint of CMAQ, J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2024.2361021, 2024.
Kim, H.-K., Song, C.-K., Han, K. M., Eo, Y. D., Song, C. H., Park, R., Hong, S.-C., Kim, S.-K., and Woo, J.-H.: Impact of biogenic emissions on early summer ozone and fine particulate matter exposure in the Seoul Metropolitan Area of Korea, Air Qual. Atmos. Health., 11, 1021-1035, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-018-0602-4, 2018.
Kim, S.-Y., Jiang, X., Lee, M., Turnipseed, A., Guenther, A., Kim, J.-C., Lee, S.-J., and Kim, S.: Impact of biogenic volatile organic compounds on ozone production at the Taehwa Research Forest near Seoul, South Korea, Atmos. Environ., 70, 447–453, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.11.005, 2013.
Krotkov, N. A., Lamsal, L. N., Marchenko, S. V., Celarier, E. A., Bucsela, E. J., Swartz, W. H., Joiner, J., and the OMI core team: OMI/Aura NO2 Cloud-Screened Total and Tropospheric Column L3 Global Gridded 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree V3, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/Aura/OMI/DATA3007, 2019.
Lam, J. C. Y., Tai, A. P. K., Ducker, J. A., and Holmes, C. D.: Development of an ecophysiology module in the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model version 12.2.0 to represent biosphere–atmosphere fluxes relevant for ozone air quality, Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 2323–2342, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2323-2023, 2023.
Lee, H.-M. and Park, R. J.: Factors determining the seasonal variation of ozone air quality in South Korea: Regional background versus domestic emission contributions, Environ. Pollut., 308, 119645, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119645, 2022.
Lee, J., Yang, T., and Choi, C.: Mapping Nine Dominant Tree Species in the Korean Peninsula Using U-Net and Harmonic Analysis of Sentinel-2 Imagery, Korean J. Remote Sens. 41, 243–260, https://doi.org/10.7780/kjrs.2025.41.2.1.1, 2025.
Lee, K.-Y., Kwak, K.-H., Ryu, Y.-H., Lee, S.-H., and Baik, J.-J.: Impacts of biogenic isoprene emission on ozone air quality in the Seoul metropolitan area, Atmos. Environ., 96, 209–219, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.07.036, 2014.
Li, C., Martin, R. V., Shephard, M. W., Cady-Pereira, K., Cooper, M. J., Kaiser, J., Lee, C. J., Zhang, L., and Henze, D. K.: Assessing the iterative finite difference mass balance and 4D-Var methods to derive ammonia emissions over North America using synthetic observations, J. Geophys. Res., 124, 4222–4236, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD030183, 2019.
Li, W., Wang, Y., Flynn, J., Griffin, R. J., Guo, F., and Schnell, J. L.: Spatial variation of surface O3 responses to drought over the contiguous United States during summertime: Role of precursor emissions and ozone chemistry, J. Geophys. Res., 127, e2021JD035607, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035607, 2022.
Liao, J., Wolfe, G. M., Hannun, R. A., St. Clair, J. M., Hanisco, T. F., Gilman, J. B., Lamplugh, A., Selimovic, V., Diskin, G. S., Nowak, J. B., Halliday, H. S., DiGangi, J. P., Hall, S. R., Ullmann, K., Holmes, C. D., Fite, C. H., Agastra, A., Ryerson, T. B., Peischl, J., Bourgeois, I., Warneke, C., Coggon, M. M., Gkatzelis, G. I., Sekimoto, K., Fried, A., Richter, D., Weibring, P., Apel, E. C., Hornbrook, R. S., Brown, S. S., Womack, C. C., Robinson, M. A., Washenfelder, R. A., Veres, P. R., and Neuman, J. A.: Formaldehyde evolution in US wildfire plumes during the Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality experiment (FIREX-AQ), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18319–18331, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18319-2021, 2021.
Limousin, J.-M., Misson, L., Lavoir, A.-V., Martin, N. K., and Rambal, S.: Do photosynthetic limitations of evergreen Quercus ilex leaves change with long-term increased drought severity?, Plant Cell Environ., 33, 863–875, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.02112.x, 2010.
Mao, J., Fan, S., Jacob, D. J., and Travis, K. R.: Radical loss in the atmosphere from Cu-Fe redox coupling in aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 509–519, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-509-2013, 2013.
Marais, E. A., Jacob, D. J., Kurosu, T. P., Chance, K., Murphy, J. G., Reeves, C., Mills, G., Casadio, S., Millet, D. B., Barkley, M. P., Paulot, F., and Mao, J.: Isoprene emissions in Africa inferred from OMI observations of formaldehyde columns, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 6219–6235, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-6219-2012, 2012.
Marais, E. A., Jacob, D. J., Jimenez, J. L., Campuzano-Jost, P., Day, D. A., Hu, W., Krechmer, J., Zhu, L., Kim, P. S., Miller, C. C., Fisher, J. A., Travis, K., Yu, K., Hanisco, T. F., Wolfe, G. M., Arkinson, H. L., Pye, H. O. T., Froyd, K. D., Liao, J., and McNeill, V. F.: Aqueous-phase mechanism for secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene: application to the southeast United States and co-benefit of SO2 emission controls, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 1603–1618, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1603-2016, 2016.
McKee, T. B., Doesken, N. J., and Kleist, J.: The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales, in: Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Applied Climatology, Anaheim, CA, 17–22 January 1993, 179–183,, 1993.
Momeni, M., Choi, Y., Yeganeh, A. K., Pouyaei, A., Jung, J., Park, J., Shephard, M. W., Dammers, E., and Cady-Pereira, K. E.: Constraining East Asia ammonia emissions through satellite observations and iterative finite difference mass balance (iFDMB) and investigating its impact on inorganic fine particulate matter, Environ. Int., 108473, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108473, 2024.
Morfopoulos, C., Müller, J. F., Stavrakou, T., Bauwens, M., De Smedt, I., Friedlingstein, P., Prentice, I. C., and Regnier, P.: Vegetation responses to climate extremes recorded by remotely sensed atmospheric formaldehyde, Glob. Change Biol., 28, 1809–1822, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15880, 2022.
Müller, J.-F., Stavrakou, T., Oomen, G.-M., Opacka, B., De Smedt, I., Guenther, A., Vigouroux, C., Langerock, B., Aquino, C. A. B., Grutter, M., Hannigan, J., Hase, F., Kivi, R., Lutsch, E., Mahieu, E., Makarova, M., Metzger, J.-M., Morino, I., Murata, I., Nagahama, T., Notholt, J., Ortega, I., Palm, M., Röhling, A., Stremme, W., Strong, K., Sussmann, R., Té, Y., and Fried, A.: Bias correction of OMI HCHO columns based on FTIR and aircraft measurements and impact on top-down emission estimates, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2207–2237, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2207-2024, 2024.
Naimark, J. G., Fiore, A. M., Jin, X., Wang, Y., Klovenski, E., and Braneon, C.: Evaluating drought responses of surface ozone precursor proxies: Variations with land cover type, precipitation, and temperature, Geophy. Res. Lett., 48, e2020GL091520, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091520, 2021.
Pacifico, F., Harrison, S., Jones, C., and Sitch, S.: Isoprene emissions and climate, Atmos. Environ., 43, 6121–6135, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.09.002, 2009.
Palmer, P. I., Jacob, D. J., Fiore, A. M., Martin, R. V., Chance, K., and Kurosu, T. P.: Mapping isoprene emissions over North America using formaldehyde column observations from space, J. Geophys. Res., 108, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002153, 2003.
Park, E. H., Heo, J., Kim, H., and Yi, S.-M.: Long term trends of chemical constituents and source contributions of PM2.5 in Seoul, Chemosphere, 251, 126371, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126371, 2020.
Pegoraro, E., Rey, A., Greenberg, J., Harley, P., Grace, J., Malhi, Y., and Guenther, A.: Effect of drought on isoprene emission rates from leaves of Quercus virginiana Mill, Atmos. Environ., 38, 6149–6156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.07.028, 2004.
Perry, C. H., Finco, M. V., and Barry, T.: Forest atlas of the United States (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station), https://www.fs.usda.gov/sites/default/files/fs_media/fs_document/Forest-Atlas-of-the-United-States.pdf (last access: 7 November 2025), 2022.
Potosnak, M. J., LeStourgeon, L., Pallardy, S. G., Hosman, K. P., Gu, L., Karl, T., Geron, C., and Guenther, A. B.: Observed and modeled ecosystem isoprene fluxes from an oak-dominated temperate forest and the influence of drought stress, Atmos. Environ., 84, 314–322, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.11.055, 2014.
Rissanen, K., Aalto, J., Gessler, A., Hölttä, T., Rigling, A., Schaub, M., and Bäck, J.: Drought effects on volatile organic compound emissions from Scots pine stems, Plant Cell Environ., 45, 23–40, https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.14219, 2022.
Ryou, H., Heo, J., and Kim, S.-Y.: Source apportionment of PM10 and PM2.5 air pollution, and possible impacts of study characteristics in South Korea, Environ. Pollut., 240, 963–972, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.066, 2018.
Schroeder, J. R., Crawford, J. H., Ahn, J.-Y., Chang, L., Fried, A., Walega, J., Weinheimer, A., Montzka, D. D., Hall, S. R., and Ullmann, K.: Observation-based modeling of ozone chemistry in the Seoul metropolitan area during the Korea-United States Air Quality Study (KORUS-AQ), Elem. Sci. Anth., 8, 3, https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.400, 2020.
Seco, R., Karl, T., Guenther, A., Hosman, K. P., Pallardy, S. G., Gu, L., Geron, C., Harley, P., and Kim, S.: Ecosystem-scale volatile organic compound fluxes during an extreme drought in a broadleaf temperate forest of the Missouri Ozarks (central USA), Glob. Change Biol., 21, 3657–3674, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12980, 2015.
Seco, R., Holst, T., Davie-Martin, C. L., Simin, T., Guenther, A., Pirk, N., Rinne, J., and Rinnan, R.: Strong isoprene emission response to temperature in tundra vegetation, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 119, e2118014119, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2118014119, 2022.
Shen, L., Jacob, D. J., Zhu, L., Zhang, Q., Zheng, B., Sulprizio, M. P., Li, K., De Smedt, I., González Abad, G., and Cao, H.: The 2005–2016 trends of formaldehyde columns over China observed by satellites: Increasing anthropogenic emissions of volatile organic compounds and decreasing agricultural fire emissions, Geophy. Res. Lett., 46, 4468–4475, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082172, 2019.
Sindelarova, K., Granier, C., Bouarar, I., Guenther, A., Tilmes, S., Stavrakou, T., Müller, J.-F., Kuhn, U., Stefani, P., and Knorr, W.: Global data set of biogenic VOC emissions calculated by the MEGAN model over the last 30 years, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9317–9341, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9317-2014, 2014.
Sprengnether, M., Demerjian, K. L., Donahue, N. M., and Anderson, J. G.: Product analysis of the OH oxidation of isoprene and 1, 3-butadiene in the presence of NO, J. Geophys. Res., 107, ACH 8-1–ACH 8-13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000716, 2002.
The International GEOS-Chem Community: geoschem/geos-chem: GEOS-Chem 12.7.2 (12.7.2), Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3701669, 2020.
van der Werf, G. R., Randerson, J. T., Giglio, L., Collatz, G. J., Mu, M., Kasibhatla, P. S., Morton, D. C., DeFries, R. S., Jin, Y., and van Leeuwen, T. T.: Global fire emissions and the contribution of deforestation, savanna, forest, agricultural, and peat fires (1997–2009), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11707–11735, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11707-2010, 2010.
Wang, H., Lu, X., Seco, R., Stavrakou, T., Karl, T., Jiang, X., Gu, L., and Guenther, A. B.: Modeling isoprene emission response to drought and heatwaves within MEGAN using evapotranspiration data and by coupling with the community land model, J. Adv. Model. Earth Sy., 14, e2022MS003174, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022MS003174, 2022a.
Wang, P., Liu, Y., Dai, J., Fu, X., Wang, X., Guenther, A., and Wang, T.: Isoprene emissions response to drought and the impacts on ozone and SOA in China, J. Geophys. Res., 126, e2020JD033263, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033263, 2021.
Wang, Y., Lin, N., Li, W., Guenther, A., Lam, J. C. Y., Tai, A. P. K., Potosnak, M. J., and Seco, R.: Satellite-derived constraints on the effect of drought stress on biogenic isoprene emissions in the southeastern US, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14189–14208, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14189-2022, 2022b.
Wang, Y. X., McElroy, M. B., Jacob, D. J., and Yantosca, R. M.: A nested grid formulation for chemical transport over Asia: Applications to CO, J. Geophys. Res., 109, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005237, 2004.
Wasti, S. and Wang, Y.: Spatial and temporal analysis of HCHO response to drought in South Korea, Sci. Total Environ., 852, 158451, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158451, 2022.
Wells, K. C., Millet, D. B., Payne, V. H., Deventer, M. J., Bates, K. H., de Gouw, J. A., Graus, M., Warneke, C., Wisthaler, A., and Fuentes, J. D.: Satellite isoprene retrievals constrain emissions and atmospheric oxidation, Nature, 585, 225–233, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2664-3, 2020.
Wolfe, G. M., Kaiser, J., Hanisco, T. F., Keutsch, F. N., de Gouw, J. A., Gilman, J. B., Graus, M., Hatch, C. D., Holloway, J., Horowitz, L. W., Lee, B. H., Lerner, B. M., Lopez-Hilifiker, F., Mao, J., Marvin, M. R., Peischl, J., Pollack, I. B., Roberts, J. M., Ryerson, T. B., Thornton, J. A., Veres, P. R., and Warneke, C.: Formaldehyde production from isoprene oxidation across NOx regimes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2597–2610, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2597-2016, 2016.
Woo, J.-H., Kim, Y., Kim, H.-K., Choi, K.-C., Eum, J.-H., Lee, J.-B., Lim, J.-H., Kim, J., and Seong, M.: Development of the CREATE inventory in support of integrated climate and air quality modeling for Asia, Sustainability, 12, 7930, https://doi.org/10.3390/su12197930, 2020.
Yu, J., Han, K. M., Song, C. H., Lee, K., Lee, S., Kim, Y., Woo, J.-H., Kim, S., and Wisthaler, A.: Evaluation of biogenic emissions from three different vegetation distributions in South Korea, Atmos. Environ., 296, 119588, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119588, 2023.
Zhang, X., Duan, Y., Duan, J., Jian, D., and Ma, Z.: A daily drought index based on evapotranspiration and its application in regional drought analyses, Sci. China Earth Sci., 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-021-9822-y, 2022.
Zhang, X., Duan, J., Cherubini, F., and Ma, Z.: A global daily evapotranspiration deficit index dataset for quantifying drought severity from 1979 to 2022, Sci. Data, 10, 824, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02756-1, 2023a.
Zhang, X., Duan, J., Cherubini, F., and Ma, Z.: A high-resolution global land daily drought index dataset during 1979–2022, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7768534, 2023b.
Zhou, S., Medlyn, B., Sabaté, S., Sperlich, D., and Prentice, I. C.: Short-term water stress impacts on stomatal, mesophyll and biochemical limitations to photosynthesis differ consistently among tree species from contrasting climates, Tree Physiol., 34, 1035–1046, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpu072, 2014.
Zhu, L., González Abad, G., Nowlan, C. R., Chan Miller, C., Chance, K., Apel, E. C., DiGangi, J. P., Fried, A., Hanisco, T. F., Hornbrook, R. S., Hu, L., Kaiser, J., Keutsch, F. N., Permar, W., St. Clair, J. M., and Wolfe, G. M.: Validation of satellite formaldehyde (HCHO) retrievals using observations from 12 aircraft campaigns, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12329–12345, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12329-2020, 2020.
Zscheischler, J., Martius, O., Westra, S., Bevacqua, E., Raymond, C., Horton, R. M., van den Hurk, B., AghaKouchak, A., Jézéquel, A., and Mahecha, M. D.: A typology of compound weather and climate events, Nat. Rev. Earth Environ., 1, 333–347, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-0060-z, 2020.
Short summary
Isoprene, which is emitted from the vegetation, is important to regional air quality. Drought is one of the most important meteorological events that can modulate isoprene emissions by high temperature and low soil moisture. The drought stress impact on isoprene emissions is still uncertain, and we aimed to constrain it in South Korea using observation and model simulation. The results presented in this study may give useful information for future studies on drought stress on isoprene emissions.
Isoprene, which is emitted from the vegetation, is important to regional air quality. Drought is...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint