Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
ACP
Articles | Volume 23, issue 9
Articles | Volume 23, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5551-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5551-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 23, issue 9
Research article
 | 
17 May 2023
Research article |  | 17 May 2023

Statistical analysis of observations of polar stratospheric clouds with a lidar in Kiruna, northern Sweden

Peter Voelger and Peter Dalin

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Cited articles

Achtert, P. and Tesche, M.: Assessing lidar-based classification schemes for polar stratospheric clouds based on 16 years of measurements at Esrange, Sweden, J. Geophys. Res., 119, 1386–1405, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020355, 2014. a, b, c, d, e
Adriani, A., Massoli, P., Donfrancesco, G. D., Cairo, F., Moriconi, M. L., and Snels, M.: Climatology of polar stratospheric clouds based on lidar observations from 1993 to 2001 over McMurdo Station, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D24211, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004800, 2004. a, b, c
Alexander, A. P., Klekociuk, A. R., Pitts, M. C., and McDonald, A. J.: The effect of orographic gravity waves on Antarctic polar stratospheric cloud occurence and composition, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D06109, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015184, 2011. a
Alexander, S. P., Klekociuk, A. R., McDonald, A. J., and Pitts, M. C.: Quantifying the role of orographic gravity waves on polar stratospheric cloud occurrence in the Antarctic and the Arctic, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 11493–11507, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020122, 2013. a, b, c, d
Biele, J., Tsias, A., Luo, B. P., Carslaw, K. S., Neuber, R., Beyerle, G., and Peter, T.: Nonequilibrium coexistence of solid and liquid particles in Arctic stratospheric clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 22991–23007, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD900188, 2001. a, b
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We examined 11 winters of lidar measurements of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs), performed in Kiruna, northern Sweden. We discriminated cases with and without mountain lee waves present. We found that under mountain-lee-wave conditions PSCs are on average at higher altitudes and are more likely to contain ice. Without such waves present, most PSCs consist of nitric acid.
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