Articles | Volume 23, issue 17
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10191-2023
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10191-2023
Research article
 | 
12 Sep 2023
Research article |  | 12 Sep 2023

The atmospheric fate of 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)cyclohexane (TBECH): spatial patterns, seasonal variability, and deposition to Canadian coastal regions

Jenny Oh, Chubashini Shunthirasingham, Ying Duan Lei, Faqiang Zhan, Yuening Li, Abigaëlle Dalpé Castilloux, Amina Ben Chaaben, Zhe Lu, Kelsey Lee, Frank A. P. C. Gobas, Sabine Eckhardt, Nick Alexandrou, Hayley Hung, and Frank Wania

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Cited articles

Alaee, M., Arias, P., Sjödin, A., and Bergman, Å.: An overview of commercially used brominated flame retardants, their applications, their use patterns in different countries/regions and possible modes of release, Environ. Int., 29, 683–689, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(03)00121-1, 2003. 
Arsenault, G., Lough, A., Marvin, C., McAlees, A., McCrindle, R., MacInnis, G., Pleskach, K., Potter, D., Riddell, N., Sverko, E., Tittlemier, S., and Tomy, G.: Structure characterization and thermal stabilities of the isomers of the brominated flame retardant 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)cyclohexane, Chemosphere, 72, 1163–1170, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.03.044, 2008. 
Asnake, S., Pradhan, A., Banjop-Kharlyngdoh, J., Modig, C., and Olsson, P.-E.: 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2 dibromoethyl) cyclohexane (TBECH)–mediated steroid hormone receptor activation and gene regulation in chicken LMH cells, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 33, 891–899, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2509, 2014. 
Baskaran, S., Lei, Y. D., and Wania, F.: Reliable Prediction of the Octanol–Air Partition Ratio, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 40, 3166–3180, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5201, 2021. 
Betts, K.: New flame retardants detected in indoor and outdoor environments, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 6778–6778, https://doi.org/10.1021/es802145r, 2008. 
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Short summary
An emerging brominated flame retardant (BFR) called TBECH (1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)cyclohexane) has never been produced or imported for use in Canada yet is found to be one of the most abundant gaseous BFRs in the Canadian atmosphere. The recorded spatial and temporal variability of TBECH suggest that the release from imported consumer products containing TBECH is the most likely explanation for its environmental occurrence in Canada.
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