Research article
28 Sep 2022
Research article
| 28 Sep 2022
Seasonal modeling analysis of nitrate formation pathways in Yangtze River Delta region, China
Jinjin Sun et al.
Related authors
No articles found.
Jingyu An, Cheng Huang, Dandan Huang, Momei Qin, Huan Liu, Rusha Yan, Liping Qiao, Min Zhou, Yingjie Li, Shuhui Zhu, Qian Wang, and Hongli Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 323–344, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-323-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-323-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper aims to build up an approach to establish a high-resolution emission inventory of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds in city-scale and detailed source categories and incorporate it into the CMAQ model. We believe this approach can be widely applied to improve the simulation of secondary organic aerosol and its source contributions.
Zefeng Zhang, Hengnan Guo, Hanqing Kang, Jing Wang, Junlin An, Xingna Yu, Jingjing Lv, and Bin Zhu
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 7259–7264, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7259-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7259-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we first analyze the relationship between the visibility, the extinction coefficient, and atmospheric compositions. Then we propose to use the harmonic average of visibility data as the average visibility, which can better reflect changes in atmospheric extinction coefficients and aerosol concentrations. It is recommended to use the harmonic average visibility in the studies of climate change, atmospheric radiation, air pollution, environmental health, etc.
Xun Li, Momei Qin, Lin Li, Kangjia Gong, Huizhong Shen, Jingyi Li, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14799–14811, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14799-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14799-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Photochemical indicators have been widely used to predict O3–NOx–VOC sensitivity with given thresholds. Here we assessed the effectiveness of four indicators with a case study in the Yangtze River Delta, China. The overall performance was good, while some indicators showed inconsistencies with the O3 isopleths. The methodology used to determine the thresholds may produce uncertainties. These results would improve our understanding of the use of photochemical indicators in policy implications.
Lizi Tang, Min Hu, Dongjie Shang, Xin Fang, Janjiong Mao, Wanyun Xu, Jiacheng Zhou, Weixiong Zhao, Yaru Wang, Chong Zhang, Yingjie Zhang, Jianlin Hu, Limin Zeng, Chunxiang Ye, Song Guo, and Zhijun Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-440, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-440, 2022
Revised manuscript under review for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
There was an evident distinction in the frequencies of NPF events at Nam Co station in the Tibetan Plateau with 15 % in pre-monsoon season and 80 % in monsoon season. The frequent NPF events in monsoon season resulted from the higher concentration of organic vapours, which was brought from northeast India by the strong southerly monsoon. It had increased significantly the amount of aerosol and CCN compared with those in pre-monsoon season, which may markedly affect the earth's radiation balance.
Elyse A. Pennington, Karl M. Seltzer, Benjamin N. Murphy, Momei Qin, John H. Seinfeld, and Havala O. T. Pye
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18247–18261, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18247-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18247-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Volatile chemical products (VCPs) are commonly used consumer and industrial items that contribute to the formation of atmospheric aerosol. We implemented the emissions and chemistry of VCPs in a regional-scale model and compared predictions with measurements made in Los Angeles. Our results reduced model bias and suggest that VCPs may contribute up to half of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol in Los Angeles and are an important source of human-influenced particular matter in urban areas.
Ruqian Miao, Qi Chen, Manish Shrivastava, Youfan Chen, Lin Zhang, Jianlin Hu, Yan Zheng, and Keren Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16183–16201, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16183-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16183-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We apply process-based and observation-constrained schemes to simulate organic aerosol in China and conduct comprehensive model–observation comparisons. The results show that anthropogenic semivolatile and intermediate-volatility organic compounds (SVOCs and IVOCs) are the main sources of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in polluted regions, for which the residential sector is perhaps the predominant contributor. The hydroxyl radical level is also important for SOA modeling in polluted regions.
Meng Gao, Yang Yang, Hong Liao, Bin Zhu, Yuxuan Zhang, Zirui Liu, Xiao Lu, Chen Wang, Qiming Zhou, Yuesi Wang, Qiang Zhang, Gregory R. Carmichael, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11405–11421, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11405-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11405-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Light absorption and radiative forcing of black carbon (BC) is influenced by both BC itself and its interactions with other aerosol chemical compositions. In this study, we used the online coupled WRF-Chem model to examine how emission control measures during the Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) conference affect the mixing state and light absorption of BC and the associated implications for BC-PBL interactions.
Zhihao Shi, Lin Huang, Jingyi Li, Qi Ying, Hongliang Zhang, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13455–13466, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13455-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13455-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Meteorological conditions play important roles in the formation of O3 and PM2.5 pollution in China. O3 is most sensitive to temperature and the sensitivity is dependent on the O3 chemistry formation or loss regime. PM2.5 is negatively sensitive to temperature, wind speed, and planetary boundary layer height and positively sensitive to humidity. The results imply that air quality in certain regions of China is sensitive to climate changes.
Jingyi Li, Haowen Zhang, Qi Ying, Zhijun Wu, Yanli Zhang, Xinming Wang, Xinghua Li, Yele Sun, Min Hu, Yuanhang Zhang, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 7291–7306, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7291-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7291-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Large gaps still exist in modeled and observed secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass loading and properties. Here we investigated the impacts of water partitioning into organic aerosol and nonideality of the organic–water mixture on SOA over eastern China using a regional 3D model. SOA is increased more significantly in humid and hot environments. Increases in SOA further cause an enhancement of the cooling effects of aerosols. It is crucial to consider the above processes in modeling SOA.
Chao Yu, Tianliang Zhao, Yongqing Bai, Lei Zhang, Shaofei Kong, Xingna Yu, Jinhai He, Chunguang Cui, Jie Yang, Yinchang You, Guoxu Ma, Ming Wu, and Jiacheng Chang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 7217–7230, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7217-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7217-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the ambient PM2.5 variations over Wuhan, a typical urban Yangtze River middle basin (YRMB) region in central eastern China in January 2016. Through an analysis of observational data of the environment and meteorology, as well as via a FLEXPART-WRF simulation, it heavy air pollution is revealed with the unique “non-stagnant” atmospheric boundary layer in the YRMB region aggravated by regional transport of PM2.5 over central and eastern China.
Meng Gao, Jinhui Gao, Bin Zhu, Rajesh Kumar, Xiao Lu, Shaojie Song, Yuzhong Zhang, Beixi Jia, Peng Wang, Gufran Beig, Jianlin Hu, Qi Ying, Hongliang Zhang, Peter Sherman, and Michael B. McElroy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4399–4414, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4399-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4399-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A regional fully coupled meteorology–chemistry model, Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem), was employed to study the seasonality of ozone (O3) pollution and its sources in both China and India.
Xin Yu, Melissa Venecek, Anikender Kumar, Jianlin Hu, Saffet Tanrikulu, Su-Tzai Soon, Cuong Tran, David Fairley, and Michael J. Kleeman
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 14677–14702, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14677-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14677-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Predictions and measurements of ultrafine particle number and mass concentrations were in overall good agreement at 14 sites across California in the years 2012, 2015, and 2016. On-road vehicles, food cooking, and aircraft were important sources of ultrafine particles as expected, but natural gas combustion was also a significant source at all locations across California. These results can be used to study the health effects of ultrafine particles.
Jun Zhu, Xiangao Xia, Huizheng Che, Jun Wang, Zhiyuan Cong, Tianliang Zhao, Shichang Kang, Xuelei Zhang, Xingna Yu, and Yanlin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 14637–14656, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14637-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14637-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The long-term temporal–spatial variations of the aerosol optical properties over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) based on the multiple ground-based sun photometer sites and the MODIS product are presented. Besides, the aerosol pollution and aerosol transport processes over the TP are also analyzed by the observations and models. The results in this region could help reduce the assessment uncertainties of aerosol radiative forcing and provide more information on aerosol transportation.
Jingwei Liu, Xin Li, Yiming Yang, Haichao Wang, Yusheng Wu, Xuewei Lu, Mindong Chen, Jianlin Hu, Xiaobo Fan, Limin Zeng, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 4439–4453, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4439-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4439-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) has been proven to be a reliable method for measuring glyoxal and methylglyoxal in the atmosphere. However, the commonly overlying strong spectral absorption of nitrogen dioxide hampers the accurate and sensitive resolve of the weak absorption features of glyoxal and methylglyoxal. Here, we report a custom-built IBBCEAS system that could overcome this problem by quantitatively removing nitrogen dioxide from the sample air.
Junfeng Wang, Dantong Liu, Xinlei Ge, Yangzhou Wu, Fuzhen Shen, Mindong Chen, Jian Zhao, Conghui Xie, Qingqing Wang, Weiqi Xu, Jie Zhang, Jianlin Hu, James Allan, Rutambhara Joshi, Pingqing Fu, Hugh Coe, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 447–458, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-447-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-447-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This work is part of the UK-China APHH campaign. We used a laser-only Aerodyne soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer, for the first time, to investigate the concentrations, size distributions and chemical compositions for those ambient submicron aerosol particles only with black carbon as cores. Our findings are valuable to understand the BC properties and processes in the densely populated megacities.
Jingyi Li, Jingqiu Mao, Arlene M. Fiore, Ronald C. Cohen, John D. Crounse, Alex P. Teng, Paul O. Wennberg, Ben H. Lee, Felipe D. Lopez-Hilfiker, Joel A. Thornton, Jeff Peischl, Ilana B. Pollack, Thomas B. Ryerson, Patrick Veres, James M. Roberts, J. Andrew Neuman, John B. Nowak, Glenn M. Wolfe, Thomas F. Hanisco, Alan Fried, Hanwant B. Singh, Jack Dibb, Fabien Paulot, and Larry W. Horowitz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 2341–2361, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2341-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2341-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first comprehensive model evaluation of summertime reactive oxidized nitrogen using a high-resolution chemistry–climate model with up-to-date isoprene oxidation chemistry, along with a series of observations from aircraft campaigns and ground measurement networks from 2004 to 2013 over the Southeast US. We investigate the impact of NOx emission reductions on changes in reactive nitrogen speciation and export efficiency as well as ozone in the past and future decade.
Jianlin Hu, Xun Li, Lin Huang, Qi Ying, Qiang Zhang, Bin Zhao, Shuxiao Wang, and Hongliang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 13103–13118, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13103-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13103-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The model performance of CMAQ with WRF using four different emission inventories in China was validated and compared to obtain the best air pollutants prediction for health effect studies of severe air pollution. The differences in performance of chemical transport model were analyzed for different months and regions in the vast part of China and ensemble predictions were firstly obtained from different inventories for health analysis with minimized errors for pollutants including PM2.5 and O3.
Chen Wang, Tiange Yuan, Stephen A. Wood, Kai-Uwe Goss, Jingyi Li, Qi Ying, and Frank Wania
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 7529–7540, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7529-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7529-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Three property prediction methods are used to predict equilibrium partitioning coefficients for a set of 3414 compounds implicated in secondary organic aerosol formation. Partitioning from the gas phase to water is found to be much more uncertain than estimates of partitioning into the organic matter of aerosol. This uncertainty matters, as phase distribution is very different depending on which prediction method is applied.
Zefeng Zhang, Yan Shen, Yanwei Li, Bin Zhu, and Xingna Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 4147–4157, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4147-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4147-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles and relative humidity are the main factors that affect atmospheric visibility. Due to the complexity of the physicochemical properties of aerosol particles, more and more instruments and cost were put into research, which limited the development of large area observation research. Thus, it is especially important to find the key parameters which affect the visibility and to establish the observation scheme.
Chunpeng Leng, Junyan Duan, Chen Xu, Hefeng Zhang, Yifan Wang, Yanyu Wang, Xiang Li, Lingdong Kong, Jun Tao, Renjian Zhang, Tiantao Cheng, Shuping Zha, and Xingna Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 9221–9234, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9221-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9221-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Meteorological conditions, local anthropogenic emissions and aerosol properties played major roles in this historic winter haze weather formation. Aerosols the size of 600–1400 nm are mostly responsible for the impairment of atmospheric visibility. This study was performed by combining many on-line measurement techniques which were calibrated regularly to ensure reliability, and can act as a reference for forecasting and eliminating the occurrences of regional atmospheric pollutions in China.
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Atmospheric Modelling | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Sources of organic aerosols in eastern China: a modeling study with high-resolution intermediate-volatility and semivolatile organic compound emissions
Composited analyses of the chemical and physical characteristics of co-polluted days by ozone and PM2.5 over 2013–2020 in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region
Observation-based constraints on modeled aerosol surface area: implications for heterogeneous chemistry
Oligomer formation from the gas-phase reactions of Criegee intermediates with hydroperoxide esters: mechanism and kinetics
Modelling SO2 conversion into sulfates in the mid-troposphere with a 3D chemistry transport model: the case of Mount Etna's eruption on 12 April 2012
Global distribution of Asian, Middle Eastern, and North African dust simulated by CESM1/CARMA
Opinion: Coordinated development of emission inventories for climate forcers and air pollutants
Modeling radiative and climatic effects of brown carbon aerosols with the ARPEGE-Climat global climate model
Numerical simulation of the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on tropospheric composition and aerosol radiative forcing in Europe
Evaluation of the WRF and CHIMERE models for the simulation of PM2.5 in large East African urban conurbations
Impact of urban heat island on inorganic aerosol in the lower free troposphere: a case study in Hangzhou, China
Statistical and machine learning methods for evaluating trends in air quality under changing meteorological conditions
Simulating the radiative forcing of oceanic dimethylsulfide (DMS) in Asia based on machine learning estimates
Quantifying the effects of mixing state on aerosol optical properties
Secondary organic aerosol formation via multiphase reaction of hydrocarbons in urban atmospheres using CAMx integrated with the UNIPAR model
Contrasting source contributions of Arctic black carbon to atmospheric concentrations, deposition flux, and atmospheric and snow radiative effects
Effect of dust on rainfall over the Red Sea coast based on WRF-Chem model simulations
A new assessment of global and regional budgets, fluxes, and lifetimes of atmospheric reactive N and S gases and aerosols
Limitations in representation of physical processes prevent successful simulation of PM2.5 during KORUS-AQ
Eurodelta multi-model simulated and observed particulate matter trends in Europe in the period of 1990–2010
Elucidating the critical oligomeric steps in secondary organic aerosol and brown carbon formation
Fast climate responses to emission reductions in aerosol and ozone precursors in China during 2013–2017
Secondary PM2.5 decreases significantly less than NO2 emission reductions during COVID lockdown in Germany
Molecular-level nucleation mechanism of iodic acid and methanesulfonic acid
Estimation of secondary PM2.5 in China and the United States using a multi-tracer approach
Two-way coupled meteorology and air quality models in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of impacts of aerosol feedbacks on meteorology and air quality
OCEANFILMS (Organic Compounds from Ecosystems to Aerosols: Natural Films and Interfaces via Langmuir Molecular Surfactants) sea spray organic aerosol emissions – implementation in a global climate model and impacts on clouds
The pathway of impacts of aerosol direct effects on secondary inorganic aerosol formation
The impact of molecular self-organisation on the atmospheric fate of a cooking aerosol proxy
The formation and mitigation of nitrate pollution: comparison between urban and suburban environments
Impacts of aerosol–photolysis interaction and aerosol–radiation feedback on surface-layer ozone in North China during multi-pollutant air pollution episodes
Reducing future air-pollution-related premature mortality over Europe by mitigating emissions from the energy sector: assessing an 80 % renewable energies scenario
The impact of chlorine chemistry combined with heterogeneous N2O5 reactions on air quality in China
OH-initiated atmospheric degradation of hydroxyalkyl hydroperoxides: mechanism, kinetics, and structure–activity relationship
A predictive viscosity model for aqueous electrolytes and mixed organic–inorganic aerosol phases
The role of organic acids in new particle formation from methanesulfonic acid and methylamine
The number fraction of iron-containing particles affects OH, HO2 and H2O2 budgets in the atmospheric aqueous phase
Source-resolved variability of fine particulate matter and human exposure in an urban area
The impact of atmospheric blocking on the compounding effect of ozone pollution and temperature: a copula-based approach
Exploring dimethyl sulfide (DMS) oxidation and implications for global aerosol radiative forcing
Modelling changes in secondary inorganic aerosol formation and nitrogen deposition in Europe from 2005 to 2030
Extension of the AIOMFAC model by iodine and carbonate species: applications for aerosol acidity and cloud droplet activation
A numerical framework for simulating the atmospheric variability of supermicron marine biogenic ice nucleating particles
Prediction of secondary organic aerosol from the multiphase reaction of gasoline vapor by using volatility–reactivity base lumping
Modelling the gas–particle partitioning and water uptake of isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol at high and low relative humidity
Modeling secondary organic aerosol formation from volatile chemical products
Why is the city's responsibility for its air pollution often underestimated? A focus on PM2.5
Quantifying the structural uncertainty of the aerosol mixing state representation in a modal model
Changes in PM2.5 concentrations and their sources in the US from 1990 to 2010
A predictive thermodynamic framework of cloud droplet activation for chemically unresolved aerosol mixtures, including surface tension, non-ideality, and bulk–surface partitioning
Jingyu An, Cheng Huang, Dandan Huang, Momei Qin, Huan Liu, Rusha Yan, Liping Qiao, Min Zhou, Yingjie Li, Shuhui Zhu, Qian Wang, and Hongli Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 323–344, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-323-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-323-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper aims to build up an approach to establish a high-resolution emission inventory of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds in city-scale and detailed source categories and incorporate it into the CMAQ model. We believe this approach can be widely applied to improve the simulation of secondary organic aerosol and its source contributions.
Huibin Dai, Hong Liao, Ke Li, Xu Yue, Yang Yang, Jia Zhu, Jianbing Jin, Baojie Li, and Xingwen Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 23–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-23-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-23-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We apply the 3-D global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to simulate co-polluted days by O3 and PM2.5 (O3–PM2.5PDs) in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei in 2013–2020 and investigate the chemical and physical characteristics of O3–PM2.5PDs by composited analyses of such days that are captured by both the observations and the model. We report for the first time the unique features in vertical distributions of aerosols during O3–PM2.5PDs and the physical and chemical characteristics of O3–PM2.5PDs.
Rachel A. Bergin, Monica Harkey, Alicia Hoffman, Richard H. Moore, Bruce Anderson, Andreas Beyersdorf, Luke Ziemba, Lee Thornhill, Edward Winstead, Tracey Holloway, and Timothy H. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15449–15468, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15449-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15449-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Correctly predicting aerosol surface area concentrations is important for determining the rate of heterogeneous reactions in chemical transport models. Here, we compare aircraft measurements of aerosol surface area with a regional model. In polluted air masses, we show that the model underpredicts aerosol surface area by a factor of 2. Despite this disagreement, the representation of heterogeneous chemistry still dominates the overall uncertainty in the loss rate of molecules such as N2O5.
Long Chen, Yu Huang, Yonggang Xue, Zhihui Jia, and Wenliang Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14529–14546, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14529-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14529-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantum chemical methods are applied to gain insight into the oligomerization reaction mechanisms and kinetics of distinct stabilized Criegee intermediate (SCI) reactions with hydroperoxide esters, where calculations show that SCI addition reactions with hydroperoxide esters proceed through the successive insertion of SCIs to form oligomers that involve SCIs as the repeating unit. The saturated vapor pressure of the formed oligomers decreases monotonically with the increasing number of SCIs.
Mathieu Lachatre, Sylvain Mailler, Laurent Menut, Arineh Cholakian, Pasquale Sellitto, Guillaume Siour, Henda Guermazi, Giuseppe Salerno, and Salvatore Giammanco
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13861–13879, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13861-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13861-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we have evaluated the predominance of various pathways of volcanic SO2 conversion to sulfates in the upper troposphere. We show that the main conversion pathway was gaseous oxidation by OH, although the liquid pathways were expected to be predominant. These results are interesting with respect to a better understanding of sulfate formation in the middle and upper troposphere and are an important component to help evaluate particulate matter radiative forcing.
Siying Lian, Luxi Zhou, Daniel M. Murphy, Karl D. Froyd, Owen B. Toon, and Pengfei Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13659–13676, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13659-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13659-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Parameterizations of dust lifting and microphysical properties of dust in climate models are still subject to large uncertainty. Here we use a sectional aerosol climate model to investigate the global vertical distributions of the dust. Constrained by a suite of observations, the model suggests that, although North African dust dominates global dust mass loading at the surface, the relative contribution of Asian dust increases with altitude and becomes dominant in the upper troposphere.
Steven J. Smith, Erin E. McDuffie, and Molly Charles
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13201–13218, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13201-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13201-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Emissions into the atmosphere of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and air pollutants, quantified in emission inventories, impact human health, ecosystems, and the climate. We review how air pollutant and GHG inventory activities have historically been structured and their different uses and requirements. We discuss the benefits of increasing coordination between air pollutant and GHG inventory development efforts, but also caution that there are differences in appropriate methodologies and applications.
Thomas Drugé, Pierre Nabat, Marc Mallet, Martine Michou, Samuel Rémy, and Oleg Dubovik
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12167–12205, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12167-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12167-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the implementation of brown carbon in the atmospheric component of the CNRM global climate model and particularly in its aerosol scheme TACTIC. Several simulations were carried out with this climate model, over the period 2000–2014, to evaluate the model by comparison with different reference datasets (PARASOL-GRASP, OMI-OMAERUVd, MACv2, FMI_SAT, AERONET) and to analyze the brown carbon radiative and climatic effects.
Simon F. Reifenberg, Anna Martin, Matthias Kohl, Sara Bacer, Zaneta Hamryszczak, Ivan Tadic, Lenard Röder, Daniel J. Crowley, Horst Fischer, Katharina Kaiser, Johannes Schneider, Raphael Dörich, John N. Crowley, Laura Tomsche, Andreas Marsing, Christiane Voigt, Andreas Zahn, Christopher Pöhlker, Bruna A. Holanda, Ovid Krüger, Ulrich Pöschl, Mira Pöhlker, Patrick Jöckel, Marcel Dorf, Ulrich Schumann, Jonathan Williams, Birger Bohn, Joachim Curtius, Hardwig Harder, Hans Schlager, Jos Lelieveld, and Andrea Pozzer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10901–10917, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10901-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10901-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this work we use a combination of observational data from an aircraft campaign and model results to investigate the effect of the European lockdown due to COVID-19 in spring 2020. Using model results, we show that the largest relative changes to the atmospheric composition caused by the reduced emissions are located in the upper troposphere around aircraft cruise altitude, while the largest absolute changes are present at the surface.
Andrea Mazzeo, Michael Burrow, Andrew Quinn, Eloise A. Marais, Ajit Singh, David Ng'ang'a, Michael J. Gatari, and Francis D. Pope
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10677–10701, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10677-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10677-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A modelling system for meteorology and chemistry transport processes, WRF–CHIMERE, has been tested and validated for three East African conurbations using the most up-to-date anthropogenic emissions available. Results show that the model is able to reproduce hourly and daily temporal variabilities in aerosol concentrations that are close to observations in both urban and rural environments, encouraging the adoption of numerical modelling as a tool for air quality management in East Africa.
Hanqing Kang, Bin Zhu, Gerrit de Leeuw, Bu Yu, Ronald J. van der A, and Wen Lu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10623–10634, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10623-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10623-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study quantified the contribution of each urban-induced meteorological effect (temperature, humidity, and circulation) to aerosol concentration. We found that the urban heat island (UHI) circulation dominates the UHI effects on aerosol. The UHI circulation transports aerosol and its precursor gases from the warmer lower boundary layer to the colder lower free troposphere and promotes the secondary formation of ammonium nitrate aerosol in the cold atmosphere.
Minghao Qiu, Corwin Zigler, and Noelle E. Selin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10551–10566, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10551-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10551-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Evaluating impacts of emission changes on air quality requires accounting for meteorological variability. Many studies use simple regression methods to correct for meteorology, but little is known about their performance. Using cases in the US and China, we show that widely used regression models do not perform well and can lead to biased estimates of emission-driven trends. We propose a novel machine learning method with lower bias and provide recommendations to policymakers and researchers.
Junri Zhao, Weichun Ma, Kelsey R. Bilsback, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Shengqian Zhou, Ying Chen, Guipeng Yang, and Yan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9583–9600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9583-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9583-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Marine dimethylsulfide (DMS) emissions play important roles in atmospheric sulfur cycle and climate effects. In this study, DMS emissions were estimated by using the machine learning method and drove the global 3D chemical transport model to simulate their climate effects. To our knowledge, this is the first study in the Asian region that quantifies the combined impacts of DMS on sulfate, particle number concentration, and radiative forcings.
Yu Yao, Jeffrey H. Curtis, Joseph Ching, Zhonghua Zheng, and Nicole Riemer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9265–9282, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9265-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9265-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Investigating the impacts of aerosol mixing state on aerosol optical properties has a long history from both the modeling and experimental perspective. In this study, we used particle-resolved simulations as a benchmark to determine the error in optical properties when using simplified aerosol representations. We found that errors in single scattering albedo due to the internal mixture assumptions can have substantial effects on calculating aerosol direct radiative forcing.
Zechen Yu, Myoseon Jang, Soontae Kim, Kyuwon Son, Sanghee Han, Azad Madhu, and Jinsoo Park
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9083–9098, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9083-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9083-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The UNIPAR model was incorporated into CAMx to predict the ambient concentration of organic matter in urban atmospheres during the KORUS-AQ campaign. CAMx–UNIPAR significantly improved the simulation of SOA formation under the wet aerosol condition through the consideration of aqueous reactions of reactive organic species and gas–aqueous partitioning into the wet inorganic aerosol.
Hitoshi Matsui, Tatsuhiro Mori, Sho Ohata, Nobuhiro Moteki, Naga Oshima, Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Makoto Koike, and Yutaka Kondo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8989–9009, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8989-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8989-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Using a global aerosol model, we find that the source contributions to radiative effects of black carbon (BC) in the Arctic are quite different from those to mass concentrations and deposition flux of BC in the Arctic. This is because microphysical properties (e.g., mixing state), altitudes, and seasonal variations of BC in the atmosphere differ among emissions sources. These differences need to be considered for accurate simulations of Arctic BC and its source contributions and climate impacts.
Sagar P. Parajuli, Georgiy L. Stenchikov, Alexander Ukhov, Suleiman Mostamandi, Paul A. Kucera, Duncan Axisa, William I. Gustafson Jr., and Yannian Zhu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8659–8682, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8659-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8659-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Rainfall affects the distribution of surface- and groundwater resources, which are constantly declining over the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) due to overexploitation. Here, we explored the effects of dust on rainfall using WRF-Chem model simulations. Although dust is considered a nuisance from an air quality perspective, our results highlight the positive fundamental role of dust particles in modulating rainfall formation and distribution, which has implications for cloud seeding.
Yao Ge, Massimo Vieno, David S. Stevenson, Peter Wind, and Mathew R. Heal
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8343–8368, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8343-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8343-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Reactive N and S gases and aerosols are critical determinants of air quality. We report a comprehensive analysis of the concentrations, wet and dry deposition, fluxes, and lifetimes of these species globally as well as for 10 world regions. We used the EMEP MSC-W model coupled with WRF meteorology and 2015 global emissions. Our work demonstrates the substantial regional variation in these quantities and the need for modelling to simulate atmospheric responses to precursor emissions.
Katherine R. Travis, James H. Crawford, Gao Chen, Carolyn E. Jordan, Benjamin A. Nault, Hwajin Kim, Jose L. Jimenez, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jack E. Dibb, Jung-Hun Woo, Younha Kim, Shixian Zhai, Xuan Wang, Erin E. McDuffie, Gan Luo, Fangqun Yu, Saewung Kim, Isobel J. Simpson, Donald R. Blake, Limseok Chang, and Michelle J. Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7933–7958, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7933-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7933-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The 2016 Korea–United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) field campaign provided a unique set of observations to improve our understanding of PM2.5 pollution in South Korea. Models typically have errors in simulating PM2.5 in this region, which is of concern for the development of control measures. We use KORUS-AQ observations to improve our understanding of the mechanisms driving PM2.5 and the implications of model errors for determining PM2.5 that is attributable to local or foreign sources.
Svetlana Tsyro, Wenche Aas, Augustin Colette, Camilla Andersson, Bertrand Bessagnet, Giancarlo Ciarelli, Florian Couvidat, Kees Cuvelier, Astrid Manders, Kathleen Mar, Mihaela Mircea, Noelia Otero, Maria-Teresa Pay, Valentin Raffort, Yelva Roustan, Mark R. Theobald, Marta G. Vivanco, Hilde Fagerli, Peter Wind, Gino Briganti, Andrea Cappelletti, Massimo D'Isidoro, and Mario Adani
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7207–7257, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7207-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7207-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Particulate matter (PM) air pollution causes adverse health effects. In Europe, the emissions caused by anthropogenic activities have been reduced in the last decades. To assess the efficiency of emission reductions in improving air quality, we have studied the evolution of PM pollution in Europe. Simulations with six air quality models and observational data indicate a decrease in PM concentrations by 10 % to 30 % across Europe from 2000 to 2010, which is mainly a result of emission reductions.
Yuemeng Ji, Qiuju Shi, Xiaohui Ma, Lei Gao, Jiaxin Wang, Yixin Li, Yanpeng Gao, Guiying Li, Renyi Zhang, and Taicheng An
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7259–7271, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7259-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7259-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The formation mechanisms of secondary organic aerosol and brown carbon from small α-carbonyls are still unclear. Thus, the mechanisms and kinetics of aqueous-phase reactions of glyoxal were investigated using quantum chemical and kinetic rate calculations. Several essential isomeric processes were identified, including protonation to yield diol/tetrol and carbenium ions as well as nucleophilic addition of carbenium ions to diol/tetrol and free methylamine/ammonia.
Jiyuan Gao, Yang Yang, Hailong Wang, Pinya Wang, Huimin Li, Mengyun Li, Lili Ren, Xu Yue, and Hong Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7131–7142, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7131-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7131-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
China has been implementing a sequence of policies for clean air since the year 2013. The aerosol decline produced a 0.09 ± 0.10°C warming during 2013–2017 estimated in this study, and the increase in ozone in the lower troposphere during this time period accelerated the warming, leading to a total 0.16 ± 0.15°C temperature increase in eastern China. Residential emission reductions led to a cooling effect because of a substantial decrease in light-absorbing aerosols.
Vigneshkumar Balamurugan, Jia Chen, Zhen Qu, Xiao Bi, and Frank N. Keutsch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7105–7129, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7105-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7105-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigated the response of secondary pollutants to changes in precursor emissions, focusing on the formation of secondary PM, during the COVID-19 lockdown period. We show that, due to the decrease in primary NOx emissions, atmospheric oxidizing capacity is increased. The nighttime increase in ozone, caused by less NO titration, results in higher NO3 radicals, which contribute significantly to the formation of PM nitrates. O3 should be limited in order to control PM pollution.
An Ning, Ling Liu, Lin Ji, and Xiuhui Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6103–6114, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6103-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6103-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Iodic acid (IA) and methanesulfonic acid (MSA) were previously proved to be significant nucleation precursors in marine areas. However, the nucleation process involved in IA and MSA remains unclear. We show the enhancement of MSA on IA cluster formation and reveal the IAM-SA nucleating mechanism using a theoretical approach. This study helps to understand the clustering process in which marine sulfur- and iodine-containing species are jointly involved and its impact on new particle formation.
Haoran Zhang, Nan Li, Keqin Tang, Hong Liao, Chong Shi, Cheng Huang, Hongli Wang, Song Guo, Min Hu, Xinlei Ge, Mindong Chen, Zhenxin Liu, Huan Yu, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5495–5514, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5495-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5495-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a new algorithm with low economic/technique costs to identify primary and secondary components of PM2.5. Our model was shown to be reliable by comparison with different observation datasets. We systematically explored the patterns and changes in the secondary PM2.5 pollution in China at large spatial and time scales. We believe that this method is a promising tool for efficiently estimating primary and secondary PM2.5, and has huge potential for future PM mitigation.
Chao Gao, Aijun Xiu, Xuelei Zhang, Qingqing Tong, Hongmei Zhao, Shichun Zhang, Guangyi Yang, and Mengduo Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5265–5329, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5265-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5265-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
With ever-growing applications of two-way coupled meteorology and air quality models in Asia over the past decade, this paper summarizes the current status and research focuses, as well as how aerosol effects impact model performance, meteorology, and air quality. These models enable investigations of ARI and ACI effects induced by natural and anthropogenic aerosols in Asia, which has serious air pollution problems. The current gaps and perspectives are also presented and discussed.
Susannah M. Burrows, Richard C. Easter, Xiaohong Liu, Po-Lun Ma, Hailong Wang, Scott M. Elliott, Balwinder Singh, Kai Zhang, and Philip J. Rasch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5223–5251, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5223-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5223-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Sea spray particles are composed of a mixture of salts and organic substances from oceanic microorganisms. In prior work, our team developed an approach connecting sea spray chemistry to ocean biology, called OCEANFILMS. Here we describe its implementation within an Earth system model, E3SM. We show that simulated sea spray chemistry is consistent with observed seasonal cycles and that sunlight reflected by simulated Southern Ocean clouds increases, consistent with analysis of satellite data.
Jiandong Wang, Jia Xing, Shuxiao Wang, Rohit Mathur, Jiaping Wang, Yuqiang Zhang, Chao Liu, Jonathan Pleim, Dian Ding, Xing Chang, Jingkun Jiang, Peng Zhao, Shovan Kumar Sahu, Yuzhi Jin, David C. Wong, and Jiming Hao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5147–5156, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5147-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5147-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols reduce surface solar radiation and change the photolysis rate and planetary boundary layer stability. In this study, the online coupled meteorological and chemistry model was used to explore the detailed pathway of how aerosol direct effects affect secondary inorganic aerosol. The effects through the dynamics pathway act as an equally or even more important route compared with the photolysis pathway in affecting secondary aerosol concentration in both summer and winter.
Adam Milsom, Adam M. Squires, Andrew D. Ward, and Christian Pfrang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4895–4907, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4895-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4895-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Cooking emissions can self-organise into nanostructured lamellar bilayers, and this can influence reaction kinetics. We developed a kinetic multi-layer model-based description of decay data we obtained from laboratory experiments of the ozonolysis of coated films of such a self-organised system, demonstrating a decreased diffusivity for both oleic acid and ozone. Nanostructure formation can thus increase the reactive half-life of oleic acid by days under typical indoor and outdoor conditions.
Suxia Yang, Bin Yuan, Yuwen Peng, Shan Huang, Wei Chen, Weiwei Hu, Chenglei Pei, Jun Zhou, David D. Parrish, Wenjie Wang, Xianjun He, Chunlei Cheng, Xiao-Bing Li, Xiaoyun Yang, Yu Song, Haichao Wang, Jipeng Qi, Baolin Wang, Chen Wang, Chaomin Wang, Zelong Wang, Tiange Li, E Zheng, Sihang Wang, Caihong Wu, Mingfu Cai, Chenshuo Ye, Wei Song, Peng Cheng, Duohong Chen, Xinming Wang, Zhanyi Zhang, Xuemei Wang, Junyu Zheng, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4539–4556, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4539-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4539-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use a model constrained using observations to study the formation of nitrate aerosol in and downwind of a representative megacity. We found different contributions of various chemical reactions to ground-level nitrate concentrations between urban and suburban regions. We also show that controlling VOC emissions are effective for decreasing nitrate formation in both urban and regional environments, although VOCs are not direct precursors of nitrate aerosol.
Hao Yang, Lei Chen, Hong Liao, Jia Zhu, Wenjie Wang, and Xin Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4101–4116, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4101-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4101-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols can influence O3 through aerosol–radiation interactions, including aerosol–photolysis interaction (API) and aerosol–radiation feedback (ARF). The weakened photolysis rates and changed meteorological conditions reduce surface-layer O3 concentrations by up to 9.3–11.4 ppb, with API and ARF contributing 74.6 %–90.0 % and 10.0 %–25.4 % of the O3 decrease in three episodes, respectively, which indicates that API is the dominant way for O3 reduction related to aerosol–radiation interactions.
Patricia Tarín-Carrasco, Ulas Im, Camilla Geels, Laura Palacios-Peña, and Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3945–3965, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3945-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3945-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The evidence of the effects of atmospheric pollution (and particularly fine particulate matter, PM2.5) on human mortality is now unquestionable. Here, 895 000 annual premature deaths (PD) are estimated for the present (1991–2010), which increases to 1 540 000 in the year 2050 due to the ageing of the European population. The implementation of a mitigation scenario (80 % of the energy production in Europe from renewable sources) could lead to a decrease of over 60 000 annual PD for the year 2050.
Xiajie Yang, Qiaoqiao Wang, Nan Ma, Weiwei Hu, Yang Gao, Zhijiong Huang, Junyu Zheng, Bin Yuan, Ning Yang, Jiangchuan Tao, Juan Hong, Yafang Cheng, and Hang Su
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3743–3762, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3743-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3743-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use the GEOS-Chem model with additional anthropogenic and biomass burning chlorine emissions combined with updated parameterizations for N2O5 + Cl chemistry to investigate the impacts of chlorine chemistry on air quality in China. Our study not only significantly improves the model's performance but also demonstrates the importance of non-sea-salt chlorine sources as well as an appropriate parameterization for N2O5 + Cl chemistry to the impact of chlorine chemistry in China.
Long Chen, Yu Huang, Yonggang Xue, Zhihui Jia, and Wenliang Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3693–3711, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3693-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3693-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantum chemical methods are applied to gain insight into the detailed mechanisms of OH-initiated oxidation of distinct HHPs. The dominant pathway is H-abstraction from the -OOH group in the initiation reactions of the OH radical with HOCH2OOH and HOC(CH3)2OOH. H-abstraction from -CH group is competitive with that from the -OOH group in the reaction of the OH radical with HOCH(CH3)OOH. The barrier of H-abstraction from the -OOH group is slightly increased as the methyl group number increases.
Joseph Lilek and Andreas Zuend
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3203–3233, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3203-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3203-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Depending on temperature and chemical makeup, certain aerosols can be highly viscous or glassy, with atmospheric implications. We have therefore implemented two major upgrades to the predictive viscosity model AIOMFAC-VISC. First, we created a new viscosity model for aqueous electrolyte solutions containing an arbitrary number of ion species. Second, we integrated the electrolyte model within the existing AIOMFAC-VISC framework to enable viscosity predictions for organic–inorganic mixtures.
Rongjie Zhang, Jiewen Shen, Hong-Bin Xie, Jingwen Chen, and Jonas Elm
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2639–2650, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2639-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2639-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Formic acid is screened out as the species that can effectively catalyze the new particle formation (NPF) of the methanesulfonic acid (MSA)–methylamine system, indicating organic acids might be required to facilitate MSA-driven NPF in the atmosphere. The results are significant to comprehensively understand the MSA-driven NPF and expand current knowledge of the contribution of OAs to NPF.
Amina Khaled, Minghui Zhang, and Barbara Ervens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1989–2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1989-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1989-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Chemical reactions with iron in clouds and aerosol form and cycle reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous model studies assumed that all cloud droplets (particles) contain iron, while single-particle analyses showed otherwise. By means of a model, we explore the bias in predicted ROS budgets by distributing a given iron mass to either all or only a few droplets (particles). Implications for oxidation potential, radical loss and iron oxidation state are discussed.
Pablo Garcia Rivera, Brian T. Dinkelacker, Ioannis Kioutsioukis, Peter J. Adams, and Spyros N. Pandis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2011–2027, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2011-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2011-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The contribution of various pollution sources to the variability of fine PM in an urban area was examined using as an example the city of Pittsburgh. Biomass burning aerosol shows the largest variability during the winter with local maxima within the city and in the suburbs. During both periods the largest contributing source to the average PM2.5 is particles from outside the modeling domain. The average population-weighted PM2.5 concentration does not change significantly with resolution.
Noelia Otero, Oscar E. Jurado, Tim Butler, and Henning W. Rust
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1905–1919, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1905-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1905-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Surface ozone and temperature are strongly dependent and their extremes might be exacerbated by underlying climatological drivers, such as atmospheric blocking. Using an observational data set, we measure the dependence structure between ozone and temperature under the influence of atmospheric blocking. Blocks enhanced the probability of occurrence of compound ozone and temperature extremes over northwestern and central Europe, leading to greater health risks.
Ka Ming Fung, Colette L. Heald, Jesse H. Kroll, Siyuan Wang, Duseong S. Jo, Andrew Gettelman, Zheng Lu, Xiaohong Liu, Rahul A. Zaveri, Eric C. Apel, Donald R. Blake, Jose-Luis Jimenez, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Patrick R. Veres, Timothy S. Bates, John E. Shilling, and Maria Zawadowicz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1549–1573, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1549-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1549-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the natural aerosol burden in the preindustrial era is crucial for us to assess how atmospheric aerosols affect the Earth's radiative budgets. Our study explores how a detailed description of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) oxidation (implemented in the Community Atmospheric Model version 6 with chemistry, CAM6-chem) could help us better estimate the present-day and preindustrial concentrations of sulfate and other relevant chemicals, as well as the resulting aerosol radiative impacts.
Jan Eiof Jonson, Hilde Fagerli, Thomas Scheuschner, and Svetlana Tsyro
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1311–1331, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1311-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1311-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia emissions are expected to decrease less than SOx and NOx emissions between 2005 and 2030. As the formation of PM2.5 particles from ammonia depends on the ratio between ammonia on one hand and sulfate (from SOx) and HNO3 (from NOx) on the other hand, the efficiency of particle formation from ammonia is decreasing. Depositions of reduced nitrogen are decreasing much less than oxidized nitrogen. The critical loads for nitrogen deposition will also be exceeded in much of Europe in 2030.
Hang Yin, Jing Dou, Liviana Klein, Ulrich K. Krieger, Alison Bain, Brandon J. Wallace, Thomas C. Preston, and Andreas Zuend
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 973–1013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-973-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-973-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Iodine and carbonate species are important components in marine and dust aerosols, respectively. We introduce an extended version of the AIOMFAC thermodynamic mixing model, which includes the ions I−, IO3−, HCO3−, CO32−, OH−, and CO2(aq) as new species, and we discuss two methods for solving the carbonate dissociation equilibria numerically. We also present new experimental water activity data for aqueous iodide and iodate systems.
Isabelle Steinke, Paul J. DeMott, Grant B. Deane, Thomas C. J. Hill, Mathew Maltrud, Aishwarya Raman, and Susannah M. Burrows
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 847–859, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-847-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-847-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Over the oceans, sea spray aerosol is an important source of particles that may initiate the formation of cloud ice, which then has implications for the radiative properties of marine clouds. In our study, we focus on marine biogenic particles that are emitted episodically and develop a numerical framework to describe these emissions. We find that further cloud-resolving model studies and targeted observations are needed to fully understand the climate impacts from marine biogenic particles.
Sanghee Han and Myoseon Jang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 625–639, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-625-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-625-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The gasoline SOA formation potential was simulated by using the UNIPAR model coupled with CB6r3 mechanism under varying NOx levels, aerosol acidity, humidity, temperature, and concentrations of aqueous salts and gasoline vapor. The model predicts SOA formation via multiphase reactions in the absence of wall bias. The simulation shows that both heterogeneous reactions in the aqueous phase and the implementation of model parameters corrected for GWP are critical to accurately predict SOA mass.
Dalrin Ampritta Amaladhasan, Claudia Heyn, Christopher R. Hoyle, Imad El Haddad, Miriam Elser, Simone M. Pieber, Jay G. Slowik, Antonio Amorim, Jonathan Duplissy, Sebastian Ehrhart, Vladimir Makhmutov, Ugo Molteni, Matti Rissanen, Yuri Stozhkov, Robert Wagner, Armin Hansel, Jasper Kirkby, Neil M. Donahue, Rainer Volkamer, Urs Baltensperger, Martin Gysel-Beer, and Andreas Zuend
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 215–244, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-215-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-215-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use a combination of models for gas-phase chemical reactions and equilibrium gas–particle partitioning of isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) informed by dark ozonolysis experiments conducted in the CLOUD chamber. Our predictions cover high to low relative humidities (RHs) and quantify how SOA mass yields are enhanced at high RH as well as the impact of inorganic seeds of distinct hygroscopicities and acidities on the coupled partitioning of water and semi-volatile organics.
Elyse A. Pennington, Karl M. Seltzer, Benjamin N. Murphy, Momei Qin, John H. Seinfeld, and Havala O. T. Pye
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18247–18261, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18247-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18247-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Volatile chemical products (VCPs) are commonly used consumer and industrial items that contribute to the formation of atmospheric aerosol. We implemented the emissions and chemistry of VCPs in a regional-scale model and compared predictions with measurements made in Los Angeles. Our results reduced model bias and suggest that VCPs may contribute up to half of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol in Los Angeles and are an important source of human-influenced particular matter in urban areas.
Philippe Thunis, Alain Clappier, Alexander de Meij, Enrico Pisoni, Bertrand Bessagnet, and Leonor Tarrason
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18195–18212, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18195-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18195-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Air pollution's origin in cities is still a point of discussion, and approaches to assess the city's responsibility for its pollution are not harmonized and thus not comparable, resulting in sometimes contradicting interpretations. We show that methodological choices can easily lead to differences of a factor of 2 in terms of responsibility outcome and stress that methodological choices and assumptions most often lead to a systematic and important underestimation of the city's responsibility.
Zhonghua Zheng, Matthew West, Lei Zhao, Po-Lun Ma, Xiaohong Liu, and Nicole Riemer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17727–17741, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17727-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17727-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol mixing state is an important emergent property that affects aerosol radiative forcing and aerosol–cloud interactions, but it has not been easy to constrain this property globally. We present a framework for evaluating the error in aerosol mixing state induced by aerosol representation assumptions, which is one of the important contributors to structural uncertainty in aerosol models. Our study provides insights into potential improvements to model process representation for aerosols.
Ksakousti Skyllakou, Pablo Garcia Rivera, Brian Dinkelacker, Eleni Karnezi, Ioannis Kioutsioukis, Carlos Hernandez, Peter J. Adams, and Spyros N. Pandis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17115–17132, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17115-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17115-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Significant reductions in pollutant emissions took place in the US from 1990 to 2010. The reductions in sulfur dioxide emissions from electric-generating units have dominated the reductions in fine particle mass. The reductions in transportation emissions have led to a 30 % reduction of elemental concentrations and of organic particulate matter by a factor of 3. On the other hand, changes in biomass burning and biogenic secondary organic aerosol have been modest.
Nønne L. Prisle
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16387–16411, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16387-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16387-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A mass-based Gibbs adsorption model is presented to enable predictive Köhler calculations of droplet growth and activation with considerations of surface partitioning, surface tension, and non-ideal water activity for chemically complex and unresolved surface active aerosol mixtures, including actual atmospheric samples. The model is used to calculate cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of aerosol particles comprising strongly surface-active model atmospheric humic-like substances (HULIS).
Cited articles
Alexander, B., Sherwen, T., Holmes, C. D., Fisher, J. A., Chen, Q., Evans, M. J., and Kasibhatla, P.: Global inorganic nitrate production mechanisms: comparison of a global model with nitrate isotope observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 3859–3877, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3859-2020, 2020.
An, J., Huang, Y., Huang, C., Wang, X., Yan, R., Wang, Q., Wang, H., Jing, S., Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., Chen, Y., Xu, C., Qiao, L., Zhou, M., Zhu, S., Hu, Q., Lu, J., and Chen, C.: Emission inventory of air pollutants and chemical speciation for specific anthropogenic sources based on local measurements in the Yangtze River Delta region, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2003–2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2003-2021, 2021.
Byun, D. and Schere, K. L.: Review of the Governing Equations,
Computational Algorithms, and Other Components of the Models-3 Community
Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Modeling System, Appl. Mech. Rev., 59, 51–77,
https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2128636, 2006.
Chan, Y.-C., Evans, M. J., He, P., Holmes, C. D., Jaeglé, L.,
Kasibhatla, P., Liu, X.-Y., Sherwen, T., Thornton, J. A., Wang, X., Xie, Z.,
Zhai, S., and Alexander, B.: Heterogeneous Nitrate Production Mechanisms in
Intense Haze Events in the North China Plain, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, e2021JD034688, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD034688, 2021.
Chen, T.-F., Chang, K.-H., and Lee, C.-H.: Simulation and analysis of causes
of a haze episode by combining CMAQ-IPR and brute force source sensitivity
method, Atmos. Environ., 218, 117006, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117006, 2019.
Chen, X., Jiang, Z., Shen, Y., Li, R., Fu, Y., Liu, J., Han, H., Liao, H.,
Cheng, X., Jones, D. B. A., Worden, H., and Abad, G. G.: Chinese Regulations
Are Working – Why Is Surface Ozone Over Industrialized Areas Still High?
Applying Lessons From Northeast US Air Quality Evolution, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 48, e2021GL092816, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL092816,
2021.
Chen, X. R., Wang, H. C., Lu, K. D., Li, C., Zhai, T., Tan, Z., Ma, X.,
Yang, X., Liu, Y., Chen, S., Dong, H., Li, X., Wu, Z., Hu, M., Zeng, L., and
Zhang, Y.: Field Determination of Nitrate Formation Pathway in Winter
Beijing, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 9243–9253, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c00972,
2020.
Chuang, M.-T., Wu, C.-F., Lin, C.-Y., Lin, W.-C., Chou, C. C. K., Lee,
C.-T., Lin, T.-H., Fu, J. S., and Kong, S. S.-K.: Simulating nitrate
formation mechanisms during PM2.5 events in Taiwan and their implications
for the controlling direction, Atmos. Environ., 269, 118856, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118856, 2022.
Dai, H. B., Zhu, J., Liao, H., Li, J., Liang, M., Yang, Y., and Yue, X.:
Co-occurrence of ozone and PM2.5 pollution in the Yangtze River Delta over
2013–2019: Spatiotemporal distribution and meteorological conditions,
Atmos. Res., 249, 105363, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105363, 2021.
Ding, A. J., Huang, X., Nie, W., Chi, X., Xu, Z., Zheng, L., Xu, Z., Xie,
Y., Qi, X., Shen, Y., Sun, P., Wang, J., Wang, L., Sun, J., Yang, X. Q.,
Qin, W., Zhang, X., Cheng, W., Liu, W., Pan, L., and Fu, C.: Significant
reduction of PM2.5 in eastern China due to regional-scale emission control: evidence from SORPES in 2011–2018, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11791–11801, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11791-2019, 2019.
Du, H., Li, J., Wang, Z., Dao, X., Guo, S., Wang, L., Ma, S., Wu, J., Yang,
W., Chen, X., and Sun, Y.: Effects of Regional Transport on Haze in the
North China Plain: Transport of Precursors or Secondary Inorganic Aerosols,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, e2020GL087461, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl087461, 2020.
Emery, C. and Tai, E.: Enhanced Meteorological Modeling and Performance Evaluation for Two Texas Ozone Episodes, Final Report Submitted to Texas Natural Resources Conservation Commission, ENVIRON, International Corporation, Novato, USA, Corpus ID: 127579774,
https://wayback.archive-it.org/414/20210529063824/https://www.tceq.texas.gov/assets/public/implementation/air/am/contracts/reports/mm/EnhancedMetModelingAndPerformanceEvaluation.pdf, last access: 30 April 2021.
Emery, C., Liu, Z., Russell, A. G., Odman, M. T., Yarwood, G., and Kumar,
N.: Recommendations on statistics and benchmarks to assess photochemical
model performance, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 67, 582–598,
https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2016.1265027, 2017.
Fan, M.-Y., Zhang, Y.-L., Lin, Y.-C., Cao, F., Zhao, Z.-Y., Sun, Y., Qiu,
Y., Fu, P., and Wang, Y.: Changes of Emission Sources to Nitrate Aerosols in
Beijing After the Clean Air Actions: Evidence From Dual Isotope
Compositions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125,
e2019JD031998, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031998, 2020.
Fan, M.-Y., Zhang, Y.-L., Lin, Y.-C., Hong, Y., Zhao, Z.-Y., Xie, F., Du,
W., Cao, F., Sun, Y., and Fu, P.: Important Role of NO3 Radical to Nitrate
Formation Aloft in Urban Beijing: Insights from Triple Oxygen Isotopes
Measured at the Tower, Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 6870–6879, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c02843,
2021.
Fu, X., Wang, T., Gao, J., Wang, P., Liu, Y., Wang, S., Zhao, B., and Xue,
L.: Persistent Heavy Winter Nitrate Pollution Driven by Increased
Photochemical Oxidants in Northern China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54,
3881–3889, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b07248, 2020.
Griffith, S. M., Huang, X. H. H., Louie, P. K. K., and Yu, J. Z.:
Characterizing the thermodynamic and chemical composition factors
controlling PM2.5 nitrate: Insights gained from two years of online
measurements in Hong Kong, Atmos. Environ., 122, 864–875,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.02.009, 2015.
Guenther, A. B., Jiang, X., Heald, C. L., Sakulyanontvittaya, T., Duhl, T., Emmons, L. K., and Wang, X.: The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1 (MEGAN2.1): an extended and updated framework for modeling biogenic emissions, Geosci. Model Dev., 5, 1471–1492, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1471-2012, 2012.
Guo, H., Otjes, R., Schlag, P., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Nenes, A., and Weber, R. J.: Effectiveness of ammonia reduction on control of fine particle nitrate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 12241–12256, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12241-2018, 2018.
He, P., Xie, Z., Chi, X., Yu, X., Fan, S., Kang, H., Liu, C., and Zhan, H.: Atmospheric Δ17O(NO3−) reveals nocturnal chemistry dominates nitrate production in Beijing haze, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14465–14476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14465-2018, 2018.
He, P., Xie, Z., Yu, X., Wang, L., Kang, H., and Yue, F.: The observation of
isotopic compositions of atmospheric nitrate in Shanghai China and its
implication for reactive nitrogen chemistry, Sci. Total Environ., 714,
136727, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136727, 2020.
Hu, J., Chen, J., Ying, Q., and Zhang, H.: One-year simulation of ozone and particulate matter in China using WRF/CMAQ modeling system, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10333–10350, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10333-2016, 2016.
Hu, S., Zhao, G., Tan, T., Li, C., Zong, T., Xu, N., Zhu, W., and Hu, M.:
Current challenges of improving visibility due to increasing nitrate
fraction in PM2.5 during the haze days in Beijing, China, Environ. Pollut.,
290, 118032, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118032,
2021.
Huang, L., Zhu, Y., Zhai, H., Xue, S., Zhu, T., Shao, Y., Liu, Z., Emery,
C., Yarwood, G., Wang, Y., Fu, J., Zhang, K., and Li, L.: Recommendations on
benchmarks for numerical air quality model applications in China – Part 1:
PM2.5 and chemical species, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2725–2743, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2725-2021, 2021.
Huang, R. J., Zhang, Y. L., Bozzetti, C., Ho, K.-F., Cao, J.-J., Han, Y.,
Daellenbach, K. R., Slowik, J. G., Platt, S. M., Canonaco, F., Zotter, P.,
Wolf, R., Pieber, S. M., Bruns, E. A., Crippa, M., Ciarelli, G.,
Piazzalunga, A., Schwikowski, M., Abbaszade, G., Schnelle-Kreis, J.,
Zimmermann, R., An, Z., Szidat, S., Baltensperger, U., Haddad, I. E., and
Prévôt, A. S. H.: High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate
pollution during haze events in China, Nature, 514, 218–222,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13774, 2014.
Huang, X., Ding, A., Wang, Z., Ding, K., Gao, J., Chai, F., and Fu, C.:
Amplified transboundary transport of haze by aerosol–boundary layer
interaction in China, Nat. Geosci., 13, 428–434, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0583-4,
2020a.
Huang, X., Ding, A. J., Gao, J., Zheng, B., Zhou, D., Qi, X., Tang, R.,
Wang, J., Ren, C., Nie, W., Chi, X., Xu, Z., Chen, L., Li, Y., Che, F.,
Pang, N., Wang, H., Tong, D., Qin, W., Cheng, W., Liu, W., Fu, Q., Liu, B.,
Chai, F., Davis, S. J., Zhang, Q., and He, K.: Enhanced secondary pollution
offset reduction of primary emissions during COVID-19 lockdown in China,
Nat. Sci. Rev., 8, nwaa137, https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaa137, 2020b.
Huang, X., Huang, J. T., Ren, C. H., Wang, J., Wang, H., Wang, J., Yu, H.,
Chen, J., Gao, J., and Ding, A.: Chemical Boundary Layer and Its Impact on
Air Pollution in Northern China, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 7, 826–832,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00755, 2020c.
Itahashi, S., Uno, I., Osada, K., Kamiguchi, Y., Yamamoto, S., Tamura, K., Wang, Z., Kurosaki, Y., and Kanaya, Y.: Nitrate transboundary heavy pollution over East Asia in winter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3823–3843, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3823-2017, 2017.
Khezri, B., Mo, H., Yan, Z., Chong, S.-L., Heng, A. K., and Webster, R. D.:
Simultaneous online monitoring of inorganic compounds in aerosols and gases
in an industrialized area, Atmos. Environ., 80, 352–360, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.08.008, 2013.
Kim, Y. J., Spak, S. N., Carmichael, G. R., Riemer, N., and Stanier, C. O.:
Modeled aerosol nitrate formation pathways during wintertime in the Great
Lakes region of North America, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
119, 12420–412445, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022320,
2014.
Li, C., Hammer, M. S., Zheng, B., and Cohen, R. C.: Accelerated reduction of
air pollutants in China, 2017–2020, Sci. Total Environ., 803, 150011,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150011, 2022.
Li, L., Xie, F., Li, J., Gong, K., Xie, X., Qin, Y., Qin, M., and Hu, J.:
Diagnostic analysis of regional ozone pollution in Yangtze River Delta,
China: A case study in summer 2020, Sci. Total Environ., 812, 151511, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151511, 2021a.
Li, M., Zhang, Z., Yao, Q., Wang, T., Xie, M., Li, S., Zhuang, B., and Han, Y.: Nonlinear responses of particulate nitrate to NOx emission controls in the megalopolises of China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15135–15152, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15135-2021, 2021b.
Lin, Y. C., Zhang, Y. L., Fan, M. Y., and Bao, M.: Heterogeneous formation
of particulate nitrate under ammonium-rich regimes during the high-PM2.5
events in Nanjing, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 3999–4011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3999-2020, 2020.
Liu, L., Liu, L., Liu, S., Li, X., Zhou, J., Feng, T., Cao, J., Qian, Y.,
Cao, J., and Li, G.: Effects of organic coating on the nitrate formation by
suppressing the N2O5 heterogeneous hydrolysis: a case study during wintertime in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8189–8207, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8189-2019, 2019.
Liu, L., Bei, N., Hu, B., Wu, J., Liu, S., Li, X., Wang, R., Liu, Z., Shen,
Z., and Li, G.: Wintertime nitrate formation pathways in the north China
plain: Importance of N2O5 heterogeneous hydrolysis, Environ. Pollut., 266,
115287, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115287, 2020a.
Liu, P., Zhang, Y., Yu, S., and Schere, K. L.: Use of a process analysis
tool for diagnostic study on fine particulate matter predictions in the
U.S. – Part II: Analyses and sensitivity simulations, Atmos. Pollut.
Res., 2, 61–71, https://doi.org/10.5094/APR.2011.008, 2011.
Liu, T., Wang, X. Y., Hu, J. L., Wang, Q., An, J., Gong, K., Sun, J., Li,
L., Qin, M., Li, J., Tian, J., Huang, Y., Liao, H., Zhou, M., Hu, Q., Yan,
R., Wang, H., and Huang, C.: Driving Forces of Changes in Air Quality during
the COVID-19 Lockdown Period in the Yangtze River Delta Region, China,
Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 7, 779–786, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00511,
2020b.
Lu, M., Tang, X., Feng, Y., Wang, Z., Chen, X., Kong, L., Ji, D., Liu, Z.,
Liu, K., Wu, H., Liang, S., Zhou, H., and Hu, K.: Nonlinear response of SIA
to emission changes and chemical processes over eastern and central China
during a heavy haze month, Sci. Total Environ., 788, 147747, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147747, 2021a.
Lu, X., Ye, X., Zhou, M., Zhao, Y., Weng, H., Kong, H., Li, K., Gao, M.,
Zheng, B., Lin, J., Zhou, F., Zhang, Q., Wu, D., Zhang, L., and Zhang, Y.:
The underappreciated role of agricultural soil nitrogen oxide emissions in
ozone pollution regulation in North China, Nat. Commun., 12, 5021,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25147-9, 2021b.
Luo, L., Kao, S., Wu, Y., Zhang, X., Lin, H., Zhang, R., and Xiao, H.:
Stable oxygen isotope constraints on nitrate formation in Beijing in
springtime, Environ. Pollut., 263, 114515, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114515, 2020a.
Luo, L., Pan, Y.-Y., Zhu, R.-G., Zhang, Z.-Y., Zheng, N.-J., Liu, Y.-H.,
Liu, C., Xiao, H.-W., and Xiao, H.-Y.: Assessment of the seasonal cycle of
nitrate in PM2.5 using chemical compositions and stable nitrogen and oxygen
isotopes at Nanchang, China, Atmos. Environ., 225, 117371, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117371, 2020b.
Ma, J., Shen, J., Wang, P., Zhu, S., Wang, Y., Wang, P., Wang, G., Chen, J., and Zhang, H.: Modeled changes in source contributions of particulate matter during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Yangtze River Delta, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7343–7355, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7343-2021, 2021.
Prabhakar, G., Parworth, C. L., Zhang, X., Kim, H., Young, D. E., Beyersdorf, A. J., Ziemba, L. D., Nowak, J. B., Bertram, T. H., Faloona, I. C., Zhang, Q., and Cappa, C. D.: Observational assessment of the role of nocturnal residual-layer chemistry in determining daytime surface particulate nitrate concentrations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14747–14770, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14747-2017, 2017.
Qiao, X., Tang, Y., Hu, J., Zhang, S., Li, J., Kota, S. H., Wu, L., Gao, H.,
Zhang, H., and Ying, Q.: Modeling dry and wet deposition of sulfate,
nitrate, and ammonium ions in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve, China
using a source-oriented CMAQ model: Part I. Base case model results, Sci.
Total Environ., 532, 831–839, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.108, 2015.
Qin, Y., Li, J. Y., Gong, K. J., Wu, Z., Chen, M., Qin, M., Huang, L., and
Hu, J.: Double high pollution events in the Yangtze River Delta from 2015 to
2019: Characteristics, trends, and meteorological situations, Sci. Total
Environ., 792, 148349, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148349, 2021.
Qu, K., Wang, X. S., Xiao, T., Shen, J., Lin, T., Chen, D., He, L.-Y.,
Huang, X.-F., Zeng, L., Lu, K., Ou, Y., and Zhang, Y.: Cross-regional
transport of PM2.5 nitrate in the Pearl River Delta, China: Contributions
and mechanisms, Sci. Total Environ., 753, 142439, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142439, 2021.
Shah, V., Jaeglé, L., Thornton, J. A., Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D., Lee, B.
H., Schroder, J. C., Campuzano-Jost, P., Jimenez, J. L., Guo, H., Sullivan,
A. P., Weber, R. J., Green, J. R., Fiddler, M. N., Bililign, S., Campos, T.
L., Stell, M., Weinheimer, A. J., Montzka, D. D., and Brown, S. S.: Chemical
feedbacks weaken the wintertime response of particulate sulfate and nitrate
to emissions reductions over the eastern United States, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 115, 8110–8115, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803295115, 2018.
Shen, J., Zhao, Q., Cheng, Z., Wang, P., Ying, Q., Liu, J., Duan, Y., and
Fu, Q.: Insights into source origins and formation mechanisms of nitrate
during winter haze episodes in the Yangtze River Delta, Sci. Total Environ.,
741, 140187, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140187, 2020.
Sheng, L., Qin, M., Li, L., Wang, C., Gong, K., Liu, T., Li, J., and Hu, J.:
Impacts of emissions along the lower Yangtze River on air quality and public
health in the Yangtze River delta, China, Atmos. Pollut. Res.,
13, 101420, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2022.101420, 2022.
Shi, Z., Li, J., Huang, L., Wang, P., Wu, L., Ying, Q., Zhang, H., Lu, L.,
Liu, X., Liao, H., and Hu, J.: Source apportionment of fine particulate
matter in China in 2013 using a source-oriented chemical transport model,
Sci. Total Environ., 601–602, 1476–1487, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.019, 2017.
Sulaymon, I. D., Zhang, Y., Hu, J., Hopke, P. K., Zhang, Y., Zhao, B., Xing,
J., Li, L., and Mei, X.: Evaluation of regional transport of PM2.5 during
severe atmospheric pollution episodes in the western Yangtze River Delta,
China, J. Environ. Manage., 293, 112827, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112827, 2021.
Sun, J. J., Liang, M. J., Shi, Z. H., Shen, F., Li, J., Huang, L., Ge, X.,
Chen, Q., Sun, Y., Zhang, Y., Chang, Y., Ji, D., Ying, Q., Zhang, H., Kota,
S. H., and Hu, J.: Investigating the PM2.5 mass concentration growth
processes during 2013–2016 in Beijing and Shanghai, Chemosphere, 221,
452–463, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.200,
2019.
Sun, P., Nie, W., Chi, X., Xie, Y., Huang, X., Xu, Z., Qi, X., Xu, Z., Wang, L., Wang, T., Zhang, Q., and Ding, A.: Two years of online measurement of fine particulate nitrate in the western Yangtze River Delta: influences of thermodynamics and N2O5 hydrolysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 17177–17190, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17177-2018, 2018.
Tan, Z. F., Wang, H. C., Lu, K. D., Dong, H. B., Liu, Y. H., Zeng, L. M.,
Hu, M., and Zhang, Y. H.: An Observational Based Modeling of the Surface
Layer Particulate Nitrate in the North China Plain During Summertime, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, e2021JD035623,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035623, 2021.
Vrekoussis, M., Kanakidou, M., Mihalopoulos, N., Crutzen, P. J., Lelieveld, J., Perner, D., Berresheim, H., and Baboukas, E.: Role of the NO3 radicals in oxidation processes in the eastern Mediterranean troposphere during the MINOS campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 169–182, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-169-2004, 2004.
Wang, H., Lu, K., Chen, X., Zhu, Q., Wu, Z., Wu, Y., and Sun, K.: Fast
particulate nitrate formation via N2O5 uptake aloft in winter in Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 10483–10495, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10483-2018, 2018.
Wang, J., Gao, J., Che, F., Wang, Y., Lin, P., and Zhang, Y.: Decade-long
trends in chemical component properties of PM2.5 in Beijing, China
(2011–2020), Sci. Total Environ., 832, 154664, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154664, 2022.
Wang, X., Li, L., Gong, K., Mao, J., Hu, J., Li, J., Liu, Z., Liao, H., Qiu,
W., Yu, Y., Dong, H., Guo, S., Hu, M., Zeng, L., and Zhang, Y.: Modelling
air quality during the EXPLORE-YRD campaign – Part I. Model performance
evaluation and impacts of meteorological inputs and grid resolutions, Atmos.
Environ., 246, 118131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.118131, 2021.
Wang, Y.-L., Song, W., Yang, W., Sun, X.-C., Tong, Y.-D., Wang, X.-M., Liu,
C.-Q., Bai, Z.-P., and Liu, X.-Y.: Influences of Atmospheric Pollution on
the Contributions of Major Oxidation Pathways to PM2.5 Nitrate Formation in
Beijing, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 4174–4185,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030284, 2019.
Wen, L., Xue, L., Wang, X., Xu, C., Chen, T., Yang, L., Wang, T., Zhang, Q., and Wang, W.: Summertime fine particulate nitrate pollution in the North China Plain: increasing trends, formation mechanisms and implications for control policy, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11261–11275, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11261-2018, 2018.
Wiedinmyer, C., Akagi, S. K., Yokelson, R. J., Emmons, L. K., Al-Saadi, J. A., Orlando, J. J., and Soja, A. J.: The Fire INventory from NCAR (FINN): a high resolution global model to estimate the emissions from open burning, Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 625–641, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-625-2011, 2011.
Womack, C. C., McDuffie, E. E., Edwards, P. M., Bares, R., de Gouw, J. A.,
Docherty, K. S., Dubé, W. P., Fibiger, D. L., Franchin, A., Gilman, J.
B., Goldberger, L., Lee, B. H., Lin, J. C., Long, R., Middlebrook, A. M.,
Millet, D. B., Moravek, A., Murphy, J. G., Quinn, P. K., Riedel, T. P.,
Roberts, J. M., Thornton, J. A., Valin, L. C., Veres, P. R., Whitehill, A.
R., Wild, R. J., Warneke, C., Yuan, B., Baasandorj, M., and Brown, S. S.: An
Odd Oxygen Framework for Wintertime Ammonium Nitrate Aerosol Pollution in
Urban Areas: NOx and VOC Control as Mitigation Strategies, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 46, 4971–4979, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082028,
2019.
Wu, C., Liu, L., Wang, G., Zhang, S., Li, G., Lv, S., Li, J., Wang, F.,
Meng, J., and Zeng, Y.: Important contribution of N2O5 hydrolysis to the
daytime nitrate in Xi'an, China during haze periods: Isotopic analysis and
WRF-Chem model simulation, Environ. Pollut., 288, 117712, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117712, 2021.
Wu, J.-B., Wang, Z., Wang, Q., Li, J., Xu, J., Chen, H., Ge, B., Zhou, G.,
and Chang, L.: Development of an on-line source-tagged model for sulfate,
nitrate and ammonium: A modeling study for highly polluted periods in
Shanghai, China, Environ. Pollut., 221, 168–179, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.061, 2017.
Wyat Appel, K., Napelenok, S., Hogrefe, C., Pouliot, G., Foley, K. M.,
Roselle, S. J., Pleim, J. E., Bash, J., Pye, H. O. T., Heath, N., Murphy,
B., and Mathur, R.: Overview and Evaluation of the Community Multiscale Air
Quality (CMAQ) Modeling System Version 5.2, in: Air Pollution Modeling and its
Application XXV, Cham, 69–73, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57645-9_11, 2018.
Xie, X., Hu, J., Qin, M., Guo, S., Hu, M., Wang, H., Lou, S., Li, J., Sun,
J., Li, X., Sheng, L., Zhu, J., Chen, G., Yin, J., Fu, W., Huang, C., and
Zhang, Y.: Modeling particulate nitrate in China: current findings and
future directions, Environ. Int., 166, 107369, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2022.107369, 2022.
Xie, Y., Wang, G., Wang, X., Chen, J., Chen, Y., Tang, G., Wang, L., Ge, S.,
Xue, G., Wang, Y., and Gao, J.: Nitrate-dominated PM2.5 and elevation of particle pH observed in urban Beijing during the winter of 2017, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 5019–5033, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-5019-2020, 2020.
Yang, X., Wu, K., Wang, H., Liu, Y., Gu, S., Lu, Y., Zhang, X., Hu, Y., Ou,
Y., Wang, S., and Wang, Z.: Summertime ozone pollution in Sichuan Basin,
China: Meteorological conditions, sources and process analysis, Atmos.
Environ., 226, 117392, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117392, 2020.
Ying, Q., Wu, L., and Zhang, H.: Local and inter-regional contributions to
PM2.5 nitrate and sulfate in China, Atmos. Environ., 94, 582–592, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.05.078, 2014.
Zang, H., Zhao, Y., Huo, J., Zhao, Q., Fu, Q., Duan, Y., Shao, J., Huang, C., An, J., Xue, L., Li, Z., Li, C., and Xiao, H.: High atmospheric oxidation capacity drives wintertime nitrate pollution in the eastern Yangtze River Delta of China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4355–4374, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4355-2022, 2022.
Zhai, S. X., Jacob, D. J., Wang, X., Liu, Z., Wen, T., Shah, V., Li, K.,
Moch, J. M., Bates, K. H., Song, S., Shen, L., Zhang, Y., Luo, G., Yu, F.,
Sun, Y., Wang, L., Qi, M., Tao, J., Gui, K., Xu, H., Zhang, Q., Zhao, T.,
Wang, Y., Lee, H. C., Choi, H., and Liao, H.: Control of particulate nitrate
air pollution in China, Nat. Geosci., 14, 389–395,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00726-z, 2021.
Zhang, Y.-L., Zhang, W., Fan, M.-Y., Li, J., Fang, H., Cao, F., Lin, Y.-C.,
Wilkins, B. P., Liu, X., Bao, M., Hong, Y., and Michalski, G.: A diurnal
story of Δ17O(NO3−) in urban Nanjing and its
implication for nitrate aerosol formation, NPJ Clim. Atmos. Sci., 5, 50, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-022-00273-3, 2022.
Zhang, Z., Cao, L., Liang, Y., Guo, W., Guan, H., and Zheng, N.: Importance
of NO3 radical in particulate nitrate formation in a southeast Chinese urban
city: New constraints by δ15N-δ18O space of NO3−, Atmos. Environ.,
253, 118387, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118387,
2021.
Zheng, B., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Y., He, K. B., Wang, K., Zheng, G. J., Duan, F. K., Ma, Y. L., and Kimoto, T.: Heterogeneous chemistry: a mechanism missing in current models to explain secondary inorganic aerosol formation during the January 2013 haze episode in North China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2031–2049, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2031-2015, 2015.
Zheng, B., Tong, D., Li, M., Liu, F., Hong, C., Geng, G., Li, H., Li, X., Peng, L., Qi, J., Yan, L., Zhang, Y., Zhao, H., Zheng, Y., He, K., and Zhang, Q.: Trends in China's anthropogenic emissions since 2010 as the consequence of clean air actions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14095–14111, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14095-2018, 2018.
Zheng, H., Song, S., Sarwar, G., Gen, M., Wang, S., Ding, D., Chang, X.,
Zhang, S., Xing, J., Sun, Y., Ji, D., Chan, C. K., Gao, J., and McElroy, M.
B.: Contribution of Particulate Nitrate Photolysis to Heterogeneous Sulfate
Formation for Winter Haze in China, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 7,
632–638, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00368, 2020.
Zhou, M., Nie, W., Qiao, L., Huang, D. D., Zhu, S., Lou, S., Wang, H., Wang,
Q., Tao, S., Sun, P., Liu, Y., Xu, Z., An, J., Yan, R., Su, H., Huang, C.,
Ding, A., and Chen, C.: Elevated formation of particulate nitrate from N2O5
hydrolysis in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2011 to 2019, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 49, e2021GL097393, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL097393, 2022.
Short summary
NO3- has become the dominant and the least reduced chemical component of fine particulate matter in China. NO3- formation is mostly in the NH3-rich regime in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). OH + NO2 contributes 60 %–83 % of the TNO3 production rates, and the N2O5 heterogeneous pathway contributes 10 %–36 %. The N2O5 heterogeneous pathway becomes more important in cold seasons. Local emissions and regional transportation contribute 50 %–62 % and 38 %–50 % to YRD NO3- concentrations, respectively.
NO3- has become the dominant and the least reduced chemical component of fine particulate matter...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint