Articles | Volume 22, issue 18
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12629-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12629-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
28 Sep 2022
Research article |
| 28 Sep 2022
| 28 Sep 2022
Seasonal modeling analysis of nitrate formation pathways in Yangtze River Delta region, China
Jinjin Sun
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and
Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric
Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information
Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education,
Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change,
Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological
Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China
Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and
Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and
Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric
Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information
Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Xiaodong Xie
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and
Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric
Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information
Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Wenxing Fu
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and
Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric
Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information
Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Yang Qin
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and
Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric
Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information
Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education,
Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change,
Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological
Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China
Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and
Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Li Sheng
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and
Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric
Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information
Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Lin Li
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and
Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric
Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information
Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Jingyi Li
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and
Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric
Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information
Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Ishaq Dimeji Sulaymon
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and
Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric
Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information
Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Lei Jiang
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and
Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric
Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information
Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Lin Huang
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and
Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric
Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information
Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Xingna Yu
Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education,
Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change,
Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological
Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China
Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and
Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Jianlin Hu
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and
Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric
Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information
Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Related authors
No articles found.
Fei Ye, Jingyi Li, Yaqin Gao, Hongli Wang, Jingyu An, Cheng Huang, Song Guo, Keding Lu, Kangjia Gong, Haowen Zhang, Momei Qin, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7467–7479, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7467-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7467-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Naphthalene (Nap) and methylnaphthalene (MN) are key precursors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), yet their sources and sinks are often inadequately represented in air quality models. In this study, we incorporated detailed emissions, gas-phase chemistry, and SOA parameterization of Nap and MN into CMAQ to address this issue. The findings revealed remarkably high SOA formation potentials for these compounds despite their low emissions in the Yangtze River Delta region during summer.
Haifeng Yu, Yunhua Chang, Lin Cheng, Yusen Duan, and Jianlin Hu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1488, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1488, 2024
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents long-term measurements and comprehensive analysis of carbonaceous aerosols in PM2.5 in Shanghai. We further estimated POC and SOC levels, examining their temporal variations on interannual, monthly, seasonal, and diurnal scales. Through rigorous statistical analysis and correlation studies with meteorological parameters and pollutant concentrations, the origins, formation mechanisms, and spatial distribution patterns of SOC were elucidated.
Bin Luo, Yuqiang Zhang, Tao Tang, Hongliang Zhang, Jianlin Hu, Jiangshan Mu, Wenxing Wang, and Likun Xue
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-974, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-974, 2024
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
India is facing a severe air pollution crisis that poses significant health risks, particularly from PM2.5 and O3. Our study reveals rising levels of both pollutants from 1995 to 2014, leading to increased premature mortality. While anthropogenic emissions play a significant role, biomass burning also impacts air quality, in particular seasons and regions in India. This study highlights the urgent need for localized policies to protect public health amid escalating environmental challenges.
Nanhong Xie, Tijian Wang, Xiaodong Xie, Xu Yue, Filippo Giorgi, Qian Zhang, Danyang Ma, Rong Song, Beiyao Xu, Shu Li, Bingliang Zhuang, Mengmeng Li, Min Xie, Natalya Andreeva Kilifarska, Georgi Gadzhev, and Reneta Dimitrova
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3259–3277, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3259-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3259-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
For the first time, we coupled a regional climate chemistry model, RegCM-Chem, with a dynamic vegetation model, YIBs, to create a regional climate–chemistry–ecology model, RegCM-Chem–YIBs. We applied it to simulate climatic, chemical, and ecological parameters in East Asia and fully validated it on a variety of observational data. Results show that RegCM-Chem–YIBs model is a valuable tool for studying the terrestrial carbon cycle, atmospheric chemistry, and climate change on a regional scale.
Yongliang She, Jingyi Li, Xiaopu Lyu, Hai Guo, Momei Qin, Xiaodong Xie, Kangjia Gong, Fei Ye, Jianjiong Mao, Lin Huang, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 219–233, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-219-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-219-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we use multi-site volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements to evaluate the CMAQ-model-predicted VOCs and assess the impacts of VOC bias on O3 simulation. Our results demonstrate that current modeling setups and emission inventories are likely to underpredict VOC concentrations, and this underprediction of VOCs contributes to lower O3 predictions in China.
Xiaodong Xie, Jianlin Hu, Momei Qin, Song Guo, Min Hu, Dongsheng Ji, Hongli Wang, Shengrong Lou, Cheng Huang, Chong Liu, Hongliang Zhang, Qi Ying, Hong Liao, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10563–10578, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10563-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10563-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The atmospheric age of particles reflects how long particles have been formed and suspended in the atmosphere, which is closely associated with the evolution processes of particles. An analysis of the atmospheric age of PM2.5 provides a unique perspective on the evolution processes of different PM2.5 components. The results also shed lights on how to design effective emission control actions under unfavorable meteorological conditions.
Yiqi Zheng, Larry W. Horowitz, Raymond Menzel, David J. Paynter, Vaishali Naik, Jingyi Li, and Jingqiu Mao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8993–9007, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8993-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8993-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Biogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) account for a large fraction of fine aerosol at the global scale. Using long-term measurements and a climate model, we investigate anthropogenic impacts on biogenic SOA at both decadal and centennial timescales. Results show that despite reductions in biogenic precursor emissions, SOA has been strongly amplified by anthropogenic emissions since the preindustrial era and exerts a cooling radiative forcing.
Hejun Hu, Haichao Wang, Keding Lu, Jie Wang, Zelong Zheng, Xuezhen Xu, Tianyu Zhai, Xiaorui Chen, Xiao Lu, Wenxing Fu, Xin Li, Limin Zeng, Min Hu, Yuanhang Zhang, and Shaojia Fan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8211–8223, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8211-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8211-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrate radical chemistry is critical to the degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and secondary organic aerosol formation. This work investigated the level, seasonal variation, and trend of nitrate radical reactivity towards volatile organic compounds (kNO3) in Beijing. We show the key role of isoprene and styrene in regulating seasonal variation in kNO3 and rebuild a long-term record of kNO3 based on the reported VOC measurements.
Lizi Tang, Min Hu, Dongjie Shang, Xin Fang, Jianjiong Mao, Wanyun Xu, Jiacheng Zhou, Weixiong Zhao, Yaru Wang, Chong Zhang, Yingjie Zhang, Jianlin Hu, Limin Zeng, Chunxiang Ye, Song Guo, and Zhijun Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4343–4359, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4343-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4343-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
There was an evident distinction in the frequency of new particle formation (NPF) events at Nam Co station on the Tibetan Plateau: 15 % in pre-monsoon season and 80 % in monsoon season. The frequent NPF events in monsoon season resulted from the higher frequency of southerly air masses, which brought the organic precursors to participate in the NPF process. It increased the amount of aerosol and CCN compared with those in pre-monsoon season, which may markedly affect earth's radiation balance.
Jingyu An, Cheng Huang, Dandan Huang, Momei Qin, Huan Liu, Rusha Yan, Liping Qiao, Min Zhou, Yingjie Li, Shuhui Zhu, Qian Wang, and Hongli Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 323–344, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-323-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-323-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper aims to build up an approach to establish a high-resolution emission inventory of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds in city-scale and detailed source categories and incorporate it into the CMAQ model. We believe this approach can be widely applied to improve the simulation of secondary organic aerosol and its source contributions.
Zefeng Zhang, Hengnan Guo, Hanqing Kang, Jing Wang, Junlin An, Xingna Yu, Jingjing Lv, and Bin Zhu
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 7259–7264, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7259-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7259-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we first analyze the relationship between the visibility, the extinction coefficient, and atmospheric compositions. Then we propose to use the harmonic average of visibility data as the average visibility, which can better reflect changes in atmospheric extinction coefficients and aerosol concentrations. It is recommended to use the harmonic average visibility in the studies of climate change, atmospheric radiation, air pollution, environmental health, etc.
Xun Li, Momei Qin, Lin Li, Kangjia Gong, Huizhong Shen, Jingyi Li, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14799–14811, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14799-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14799-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Photochemical indicators have been widely used to predict O3–NOx–VOC sensitivity with given thresholds. Here we assessed the effectiveness of four indicators with a case study in the Yangtze River Delta, China. The overall performance was good, while some indicators showed inconsistencies with the O3 isopleths. The methodology used to determine the thresholds may produce uncertainties. These results would improve our understanding of the use of photochemical indicators in policy implications.
Elyse A. Pennington, Karl M. Seltzer, Benjamin N. Murphy, Momei Qin, John H. Seinfeld, and Havala O. T. Pye
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18247–18261, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18247-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18247-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Volatile chemical products (VCPs) are commonly used consumer and industrial items that contribute to the formation of atmospheric aerosol. We implemented the emissions and chemistry of VCPs in a regional-scale model and compared predictions with measurements made in Los Angeles. Our results reduced model bias and suggest that VCPs may contribute up to half of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol in Los Angeles and are an important source of human-influenced particular matter in urban areas.
Ruqian Miao, Qi Chen, Manish Shrivastava, Youfan Chen, Lin Zhang, Jianlin Hu, Yan Zheng, and Keren Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16183–16201, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16183-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16183-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We apply process-based and observation-constrained schemes to simulate organic aerosol in China and conduct comprehensive model–observation comparisons. The results show that anthropogenic semivolatile and intermediate-volatility organic compounds (SVOCs and IVOCs) are the main sources of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in polluted regions, for which the residential sector is perhaps the predominant contributor. The hydroxyl radical level is also important for SOA modeling in polluted regions.
Meng Gao, Yang Yang, Hong Liao, Bin Zhu, Yuxuan Zhang, Zirui Liu, Xiao Lu, Chen Wang, Qiming Zhou, Yuesi Wang, Qiang Zhang, Gregory R. Carmichael, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11405–11421, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11405-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11405-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Light absorption and radiative forcing of black carbon (BC) is influenced by both BC itself and its interactions with other aerosol chemical compositions. In this study, we used the online coupled WRF-Chem model to examine how emission control measures during the Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) conference affect the mixing state and light absorption of BC and the associated implications for BC-PBL interactions.
Zhihao Shi, Lin Huang, Jingyi Li, Qi Ying, Hongliang Zhang, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13455–13466, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13455-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13455-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Meteorological conditions play important roles in the formation of O3 and PM2.5 pollution in China. O3 is most sensitive to temperature and the sensitivity is dependent on the O3 chemistry formation or loss regime. PM2.5 is negatively sensitive to temperature, wind speed, and planetary boundary layer height and positively sensitive to humidity. The results imply that air quality in certain regions of China is sensitive to climate changes.
Jingyi Li, Haowen Zhang, Qi Ying, Zhijun Wu, Yanli Zhang, Xinming Wang, Xinghua Li, Yele Sun, Min Hu, Yuanhang Zhang, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 7291–7306, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7291-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7291-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Large gaps still exist in modeled and observed secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass loading and properties. Here we investigated the impacts of water partitioning into organic aerosol and nonideality of the organic–water mixture on SOA over eastern China using a regional 3D model. SOA is increased more significantly in humid and hot environments. Increases in SOA further cause an enhancement of the cooling effects of aerosols. It is crucial to consider the above processes in modeling SOA.
Chao Yu, Tianliang Zhao, Yongqing Bai, Lei Zhang, Shaofei Kong, Xingna Yu, Jinhai He, Chunguang Cui, Jie Yang, Yinchang You, Guoxu Ma, Ming Wu, and Jiacheng Chang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 7217–7230, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7217-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7217-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the ambient PM2.5 variations over Wuhan, a typical urban Yangtze River middle basin (YRMB) region in central eastern China in January 2016. Through an analysis of observational data of the environment and meteorology, as well as via a FLEXPART-WRF simulation, it heavy air pollution is revealed with the unique “non-stagnant” atmospheric boundary layer in the YRMB region aggravated by regional transport of PM2.5 over central and eastern China.
Meng Gao, Jinhui Gao, Bin Zhu, Rajesh Kumar, Xiao Lu, Shaojie Song, Yuzhong Zhang, Beixi Jia, Peng Wang, Gufran Beig, Jianlin Hu, Qi Ying, Hongliang Zhang, Peter Sherman, and Michael B. McElroy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4399–4414, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4399-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4399-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A regional fully coupled meteorology–chemistry model, Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem), was employed to study the seasonality of ozone (O3) pollution and its sources in both China and India.
Xin Yu, Melissa Venecek, Anikender Kumar, Jianlin Hu, Saffet Tanrikulu, Su-Tzai Soon, Cuong Tran, David Fairley, and Michael J. Kleeman
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 14677–14702, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14677-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14677-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Predictions and measurements of ultrafine particle number and mass concentrations were in overall good agreement at 14 sites across California in the years 2012, 2015, and 2016. On-road vehicles, food cooking, and aircraft were important sources of ultrafine particles as expected, but natural gas combustion was also a significant source at all locations across California. These results can be used to study the health effects of ultrafine particles.
Jun Zhu, Xiangao Xia, Huizheng Che, Jun Wang, Zhiyuan Cong, Tianliang Zhao, Shichang Kang, Xuelei Zhang, Xingna Yu, and Yanlin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 14637–14656, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14637-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14637-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The long-term temporal–spatial variations of the aerosol optical properties over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) based on the multiple ground-based sun photometer sites and the MODIS product are presented. Besides, the aerosol pollution and aerosol transport processes over the TP are also analyzed by the observations and models. The results in this region could help reduce the assessment uncertainties of aerosol radiative forcing and provide more information on aerosol transportation.
Jingwei Liu, Xin Li, Yiming Yang, Haichao Wang, Yusheng Wu, Xuewei Lu, Mindong Chen, Jianlin Hu, Xiaobo Fan, Limin Zeng, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 4439–4453, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4439-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4439-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) has been proven to be a reliable method for measuring glyoxal and methylglyoxal in the atmosphere. However, the commonly overlying strong spectral absorption of nitrogen dioxide hampers the accurate and sensitive resolve of the weak absorption features of glyoxal and methylglyoxal. Here, we report a custom-built IBBCEAS system that could overcome this problem by quantitatively removing nitrogen dioxide from the sample air.
Junfeng Wang, Dantong Liu, Xinlei Ge, Yangzhou Wu, Fuzhen Shen, Mindong Chen, Jian Zhao, Conghui Xie, Qingqing Wang, Weiqi Xu, Jie Zhang, Jianlin Hu, James Allan, Rutambhara Joshi, Pingqing Fu, Hugh Coe, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 447–458, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-447-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-447-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This work is part of the UK-China APHH campaign. We used a laser-only Aerodyne soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer, for the first time, to investigate the concentrations, size distributions and chemical compositions for those ambient submicron aerosol particles only with black carbon as cores. Our findings are valuable to understand the BC properties and processes in the densely populated megacities.
Nan Li, Qingyang He, Jim Greenberg, Alex Guenther, Jingyi Li, Junji Cao, Jun Wang, Hong Liao, Qiyuan Wang, and Qiang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 7489–7507, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7489-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7489-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
O3 pollution has been increasing in most Chinese cities in recent years. Our study reveals that the synergistic impact of individual source contributions to O3 formation should be considered in the formation of air pollution control strategies, especially for big cities in the vicinity of forests.
Jingyi Li, Jingqiu Mao, Arlene M. Fiore, Ronald C. Cohen, John D. Crounse, Alex P. Teng, Paul O. Wennberg, Ben H. Lee, Felipe D. Lopez-Hilfiker, Joel A. Thornton, Jeff Peischl, Ilana B. Pollack, Thomas B. Ryerson, Patrick Veres, James M. Roberts, J. Andrew Neuman, John B. Nowak, Glenn M. Wolfe, Thomas F. Hanisco, Alan Fried, Hanwant B. Singh, Jack Dibb, Fabien Paulot, and Larry W. Horowitz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 2341–2361, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2341-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2341-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first comprehensive model evaluation of summertime reactive oxidized nitrogen using a high-resolution chemistry–climate model with up-to-date isoprene oxidation chemistry, along with a series of observations from aircraft campaigns and ground measurement networks from 2004 to 2013 over the Southeast US. We investigate the impact of NOx emission reductions on changes in reactive nitrogen speciation and export efficiency as well as ozone in the past and future decade.
Jianlin Hu, Xun Li, Lin Huang, Qi Ying, Qiang Zhang, Bin Zhao, Shuxiao Wang, and Hongliang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 13103–13118, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13103-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13103-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The model performance of CMAQ with WRF using four different emission inventories in China was validated and compared to obtain the best air pollutants prediction for health effect studies of severe air pollution. The differences in performance of chemical transport model were analyzed for different months and regions in the vast part of China and ensemble predictions were firstly obtained from different inventories for health analysis with minimized errors for pollutants including PM2.5 and O3.
Chen Wang, Tiange Yuan, Stephen A. Wood, Kai-Uwe Goss, Jingyi Li, Qi Ying, and Frank Wania
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 7529–7540, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7529-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7529-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Three property prediction methods are used to predict equilibrium partitioning coefficients for a set of 3414 compounds implicated in secondary organic aerosol formation. Partitioning from the gas phase to water is found to be much more uncertain than estimates of partitioning into the organic matter of aerosol. This uncertainty matters, as phase distribution is very different depending on which prediction method is applied.
Zefeng Zhang, Yan Shen, Yanwei Li, Bin Zhu, and Xingna Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 4147–4157, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4147-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4147-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles and relative humidity are the main factors that affect atmospheric visibility. Due to the complexity of the physicochemical properties of aerosol particles, more and more instruments and cost were put into research, which limited the development of large area observation research. Thus, it is especially important to find the key parameters which affect the visibility and to establish the observation scheme.
Chunpeng Leng, Junyan Duan, Chen Xu, Hefeng Zhang, Yifan Wang, Yanyu Wang, Xiang Li, Lingdong Kong, Jun Tao, Renjian Zhang, Tiantao Cheng, Shuping Zha, and Xingna Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 9221–9234, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9221-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9221-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Meteorological conditions, local anthropogenic emissions and aerosol properties played major roles in this historic winter haze weather formation. Aerosols the size of 600–1400 nm are mostly responsible for the impairment of atmospheric visibility. This study was performed by combining many on-line measurement techniques which were calibrated regularly to ensure reliability, and can act as a reference for forecasting and eliminating the occurrences of regional atmospheric pollutions in China.
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Atmospheric Modelling and Data Analysis | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
The role of naphthalene and its derivatives in the formation of secondary organic aerosol in the Yangtze River Delta region, China
Unveiling the optimal regression model for source apportionment of the oxidative potential of PM10
Investigating the contribution of grown new particles to cloud condensation nuclei with largely varying preexisting particles – Part 2: Modeling chemical drivers and 3-D new particle formation occurrence
Technical note: Influence of different averaging metrics and temporal resolutions on the aerosol pH calculated by thermodynamic modeling
Dual roles of the inorganic aqueous phase on secondary organic aerosol growth from benzene and phenol
Global source apportionment of aerosols into major emission regions and sectors over 1850–2017
Modeling atmospheric brown carbon in the GISS ModelE Earth system model
Observation-constrained kinetic modeling of isoprene SOA formation in the atmosphere
Significant impact of urban tree biogenic emissions on air quality estimated by a bottom-up inventory and chemistry transport modeling
Secondary organic aerosols derived from intermediate-volatility n-alkanes adopt low-viscous phase state
Cooling radiative forcing effect enhancement of atmospheric amines-mineral particle caused by heterogeneous uptake and oxidation
Modeling the drivers of fine PM pollution over Central Europe: impacts and contributions of emissions from different sources
Reaction of SO3 with H2SO4 and its implications for aerosol particle formation in the gas phase and at the air–water interface
Weakened aerosol–radiation interaction exacerbating ozone pollution in eastern China since China's clean air actions
Uncertainties from biomass burning aerosols in air quality models obscure public health impacts in Southeast Asia
Oxidative potential apportionment of atmospheric PM1: a new approach combining high-sensitive online analysers for chemical composition and offline OP measurement technique
Aqueous-phase chemistry of glyoxal with multifunctional reduced nitrogen compounds: a potential missing route for secondary brown carbon
Global estimates of reactive nitrogen components during 2000–2100 based on the multi-stage model
An updated modeling framework to simulate Los Angeles air quality – Part 1: Model development, evaluation, and source apportionment
Frequent haze events associated with transport and stagnation over the corridor between the North China Plain and Yangtze River Delta
Evaluation of WRF-Chem-simulated meteorology and aerosols over northern India during the severe pollution episode of 2016
How well are aerosol–cloud interactions represented in climate models? – Part 1: Understanding the sulfate aerosol production from the 2014–15 Holuhraun eruption
pH regulates the formation of organosulfates and inorganic sulfate from organic peroxide reaction with dissolved SO2 in aquatic media
Technical note: Accurate, reliable, and high-resolution air quality predictions by improving the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service using a novel statistical post-processing method
Analysis of secondary inorganic aerosols over the Greater Area of Athens using the EPISODE-CityChem source dispersion and photochemistry model
Contribution of intermediate-volatility organic compounds from on-road transport to secondary organic aerosol levels in Europe
Source-resolved atmospheric metal emissions, concentrations, and their deposition fluxes into the East Asian Seas
Development of an integrated model framework for multi-air-pollutant exposure assessments in high-density cities
CAMx–UNIPAR simulation of secondary organic aerosol mass formed from multiphase reactions of hydrocarbons under the Central Valley urban atmospheres of California
Impact of urbanization on fine particulate matter concentrations over central Europe
Measurement report: Assessing the impacts of emission uncertainty on aerosol optical properties and radiative forcing from biomass burning in peninsular Southeast Asia
The Emissions Model Intercomparison Project (Emissions-MIP): quantifying model sensitivity to emission characteristics
Dynamics-based estimates of decline trend with fine temporal variations in China's PM2.5 emissions
Effects of simulated secondary organic aerosol water on PM1 levels and composition over the US
Reactive organic carbon air emissions from mobile sources in the United States
Development and evaluation of processes affecting simulation of diel fine particulate matter variation in the GEOS-Chem model
Substantially positive contributions of new particle formation to cloud condensation nuclei under low supersaturation in China based on numerical model improvements
Evolution of atmospheric age of particles and its implications for the formation of a severe haze event in eastern China
A multimodel evaluation of the potential impact of shipping on particle species in the Mediterranean Sea
How does tropospheric VOC chemistry affect climate? An investigation of preindustrial control simulations using the Community Earth System Model version 2
Anthropogenic amplification of biogenic secondary organic aerosol production
A dynamic parameterization of sulfuric acid–dimethylamine nucleation and its application in three-dimensional modeling
Modeling dust mineralogical composition: sensitivity to soil mineralogy atlases and their expected climate impacts
Assessment of the impacts of cloud chemistry on surface SO2 and sulfate levels in typical regions of China
Impact of Landes forest fires on air quality in France during the 2022 summer
Global nitrogen and sulfur deposition mapping using a measurement–model fusion approach
Comprehensive simulations of new particle formation events in Beijing with a cluster dynamics–multicomponent sectional model
Implications of differences between recent anthropogenic aerosol emission inventories for diagnosed AOD and radiative forcing from 1990 to 2019
Unbalanced emission reductions of different species and sectors in China during COVID-19 lockdown derived by multi-species surface observation assimilation
Simulating organic aerosol in Delhi with WRF-Chem using the volatility-basis-set approach: exploring model uncertainty with a Gaussian process emulator
Fei Ye, Jingyi Li, Yaqin Gao, Hongli Wang, Jingyu An, Cheng Huang, Song Guo, Keding Lu, Kangjia Gong, Haowen Zhang, Momei Qin, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7467–7479, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7467-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7467-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Naphthalene (Nap) and methylnaphthalene (MN) are key precursors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), yet their sources and sinks are often inadequately represented in air quality models. In this study, we incorporated detailed emissions, gas-phase chemistry, and SOA parameterization of Nap and MN into CMAQ to address this issue. The findings revealed remarkably high SOA formation potentials for these compounds despite their low emissions in the Yangtze River Delta region during summer.
Vy Dinh Ngoc Thuy, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Ian Hough, Pamela A. Dominutti, Guillaume Salque Moreton, Grégory Gille, Florie Francony, Arabelle Patron-Anquez, Olivier Favez, and Gaëlle Uzu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7261–7282, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The capacity of particulate matter (PM) to generate reactive oxygen species in vivo is represented by oxidative potential (OP). This study focuses on finding the appropriate model to evaluate the oxidative character of PM sources in six sites using the PM sources and OP. Eight regression techniques are introduced to assess the OP of PM. The study highlights the importance of selecting a model according to the input data characteristics and establishes some recommendations for the procedure.
Ming Chu, Xing Wei, Shangfei Hai, Yang Gao, Huiwang Gao, Yujiao Zhu, Biwu Chu, Nan Ma, Juan Hong, Yele Sun, and Xiaohong Yao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6769–6786, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6769-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6769-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We used a 20-bin WRF-Chem model to simulate NPF events in the NCP during a three-week observational period in the summer of 2019. The model was able to reproduce the observations during June 29–July 6, which was characterized by a high frequency of NPF occurrence.
Haoqi Wang, Xiao Tian, Wanting Zhao, Jiacheng Li, Haoyu Yu, Yinchang Feng, and Shaojie Song
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6583–6592, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6583-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6583-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
pH is a key property of ambient aerosols, which affect many atmospheric processes. As aerosol pH is a non-conservative parameter, diverse averaging metrics and temporal resolutions may influence the pH values calculated by thermodynamic models. This technical note seeks to quantitatively evaluate the average pH using varied metrics and resolutions. The ultimate goal is to establish standardized reporting practices in future research endeavors.
Jiwon Choi, Myoseon Jang, and Spencer Blau
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6567–6582, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6567-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6567-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Persistent phenoxy radical (PPR), formed by phenol gas oxidation and its aqueous reaction, catalytically destroys O3 and retards secondary organic aerosol (SOA) growth. Explicit gas mechanisms including the formation of PPR and low-volatility products from the oxidation of phenol or benzene are applied to the UNIPAR model to predict SOA mass via multiphase reactions of precursors. Aqueous reactions of reactive organics increase SOA mass but retard SOA growth via heterogeneously formed PPR.
Yang Yang, Shaoxuan Mou, Hailong Wang, Pinya Wang, Baojie Li, and Hong Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6509–6523, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6509-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6509-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The variations in anthropogenic aerosol concentrations and source contributions and their subsequent radiative impact in major emission regions during historical periods are quantified based on an aerosol-tagging system in E3SMv1. Due to the industrial development and implementation of economic policies, sources of anthropogenic aerosols show different variations, which has important implications for pollution prevention and control measures and decision-making for global collaboration.
Maegan A. DeLessio, Kostas Tsigaridis, Susanne E. Bauer, Jacek Chowdhary, and Gregory L. Schuster
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6275–6304, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6275-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6275-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the first explicit representation of brown carbon aerosols in the GISS ModelE Earth system model (ESM). Model sensitivity to a range of brown carbon parameters and model performance compared to AERONET and MODIS retrievals of total aerosol properties were assessed. A summary of best practices for incorporating brown carbon into ModelE is also included.
Chuanyang Shen, Xiaoyan Yang, Joel Thornton, John Shilling, Chenyang Bi, Gabriel Isaacman-VanWertz, and Haofei Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6153–6175, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6153-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6153-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, a condensed multiphase isoprene oxidation mechanism was developed to simulate isoprene SOA formation from chamber and field studies. Our results show that the measured isoprene SOA mass concentrations can be reasonably reproduced. The simulation results indicate that multifunctional low-volatility products contribute significantly to total isoprene SOA. Our findings emphasize that the pathways to produce these low-volatility species should be considered in models.
Alice Maison, Lya Lugon, Soo-Jin Park, Alexia Baudic, Christopher Cantrell, Florian Couvidat, Barbara D'Anna, Claudia Di Biagio, Aline Gratien, Valérie Gros, Carmen Kalalian, Julien Kammer, Vincent Michoud, Jean-Eudes Petit, Marwa Shahin, Leila Simon, Myrto Valari, Jérémy Vigneron, Andrée Tuzet, and Karine Sartelet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6011–6046, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6011-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6011-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the development of a bottom-up inventory of urban tree biogenic emissions. Emissions are computed for each tree based on their location and characteristics and are integrated in the regional air quality model WRF-CHIMERE. The impact of these biogenic emissions on air quality is quantified for June–July 2022. Over Paris city, urban trees increase the concentrations of particulate organic matter by 4.6 %, of PM2.5 by 0.6 %, and of ozone by 1.0 % on average over 2 months.
Tommaso Galeazzo, Bernard Aumont, Marie Camredon, Richard Valorso, Yong B. Lim, Paul J. Ziemann, and Manabu Shiraiwa
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5549–5565, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5549-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5549-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) derived from n-alkanes is a major component of anthropogenic particulate matter. We provide an analysis of n-alkane SOA by chemistry modeling, machine learning, and laboratory experiments, showing that n-alkane SOA adopts low-viscous semi-solid or liquid states. Our results indicate few kinetic limitations of mass accommodation in SOA formation, supporting the application of equilibrium partitioning for simulating n-alkane SOA in large-scale atmospheric models.
Weina Zhang, Jianhua Mai, Zhichao Fan, Yongpeng Ji, Yuemeng Ji, Guiying Li, Yanpeng Gao, and Taicheng An
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1048, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1048, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Previous studies show distinctive RFE of AOP-mineral mixed particles from individual mineral or AOP particles. This study reveals heterogeneous oxidation causes further RFE enhancement of amine-mineral mixed particle. Note that RFE increment is higher under clean condition than that under polluted condition, which is contributed to high-oxygen-content product. The enhanced RFE of amine-mineral particle caused by heterogenous oxidation is expected to alleviate warming effect.
Lukáš Bartík, Peter Huszár, Jan Karlický, Ondřej Vlček, and Kryštof Eben
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4347–4387, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4347-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4347-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The presented study deals with the attribution of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations to anthropogenic emissions over Central Europe using regional-scale models. It calculates the present-day contributions of different emissions sectors to concentrations of PM2.5 and its secondary components. Moreover, the study investigates the effect of chemical nonlinearities by using multiple source attribution methods and secondary organic aerosol calculation methods.
Rui Wang, Yang Cheng, Shasha Chen, Rongrong Li, Yue Hu, Xiaokai Guo, Tianlei Zhang, Fengmin Song, and Hao Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4029–4046, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4029-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4029-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We used quantum chemical calculations, Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations, and the ACDC kinetic model to characterize SO3–H2SO4 interaction in the gas phase and at the air–water interface and to study the effect of H2S2O7 on H2SO4–NH3-based clusters. The work expands our understanding of new pathways for the loss of SO3 in acidic polluted areas and helps reveal some missing sources of NPF in metropolitan industrial regions and understand the atmospheric organic–sulfur cycle better.
Hao Yang, Lei Chen, Hong Liao, Jia Zhu, Wenjie Wang, and Xin Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4001–4015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4001-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4001-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The present study quantifies the response of aerosol–radiation interaction (ARI) to anthropogenic emission reduction from 2013 to 2017, with the main focus on the contribution to changed O3 concentrations over eastern China both in summer and winter using the WRF-Chem model. The weakened ARI due to decreased anthropogenic emission aggravates the summer (winter) O3 pollution by +0.81 ppb (+0.63 ppb), averaged over eastern China.
Margaret R. Marvin, Paul I. Palmer, Fei Yao, Mohd Talib Latif, and Md Firoz Khan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3699–3715, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3699-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3699-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use an atmospheric chemistry model to investigate aerosols emitted from fire activity across Southeast Asia. We find that the limited nature of measurements in this region leads to large uncertainties that significantly hinder the model representation of these aerosols and their impacts on air quality. As a result, the number of monthly attributable deaths is underestimated by as many as 4500, particularly in March at the peak of the mainland burning season.
Julie Camman, Benjamin Chazeau, Nicolas Marchand, Amandine Durand, Grégory Gille, Ludovic Lanzi, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Henri Wortham, and Gaëlle Uzu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3257–3278, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3257-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3257-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fine particle (PM1) pollution is a major health issue in the city of Marseille, which is subject to numerous pollution sources. Sampling carried out during the summer enabled a fine characterization of the PM1 sources and their oxidative potential, a promising new metric as a proxy for health impact. PM1 came mainly from combustion sources, secondary ammonium sulfate, and organic nitrate, while the oxidative potential of PM1 came from these sources and from resuspended dust in the atmosphere.
Yuemeng Ji, Zhang Shi, Wenjian Li, Jiaxin Wang, Qiuju Shi, Yixin Li, Lei Gao, Ruize Ma, Weijun Lu, Lulu Xu, Yanpeng Gao, Guiying Li, and Taicheng An
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3079–3091, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3079-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3079-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The formation mechanisms for secondary brown carbon (SBrC) contributed by multifunctional reduced nitrogen compounds (RNCs) remain unclear. Hence, from combined laboratory experiments and quantum chemical calculations, we investigated the heterogeneous reactions of glyoxal (GL) with multifunctional RNCs, which are driven by four-step indirect nucleophilic addition reactions. Our results show a possible missing source for SBrC formation on urban, regional, and global scales.
Rui Li, Yining Gao, Lijia Zhang, Yubing Shen, and Gehui Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-69, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-69, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A three-stage model was developed to obtain the global maps of reactive nitrogen components during 2000–2100. The results implied CV R2 values of four species showed satisfied performance (R2 > 0.55). Most of reactive nitrogen components except NH3 in China showed increases during 2000–2013. In the future scenarios, SSP3-7.0 (traditional energy scenario) and SSP1-2.6 (carbon neutrality scenario) showed the highest and lowest reactive nitrogen component concentrations, respectively.
Elyse A. Pennington, Yuan Wang, Benjamin C. Schulze, Karl M. Seltzer, Jiani Yang, Bin Zhao, Zhe Jiang, Hongru Shi, Melissa Venecek, Daniel Chau, Benjamin N. Murphy, Christopher M. Kenseth, Ryan X. Ward, Havala O. T. Pye, and John H. Seinfeld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2345–2363, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2345-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2345-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To assess the air quality in Los Angeles (LA), we improved the CMAQ model by using dynamic traffic emissions and new secondary organic aerosol schemes to represent volatile chemical products. Source apportionment demonstrates that the urban areas of the LA Basin and vicinity are NOx-saturated, with the largest sensitivity of O3 to changes in volatile organic compounds in the urban core. The improvement and remaining issues shed light on the future direction of the model development.
Feifan Yan, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Rujin Huang, Hong Liao, Ting Yang, Yuanyuan Zhu, Shaoqing Zhang, Lifang Sheng, Wenbin Kou, Xinran Zeng, Shengnan Xiang, Xiaohong Yao, Huiwang Gao, and Yang Gao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2365–2376, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2365-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2365-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
PM2.5 pollution is a major air quality issue deteriorating human health, and previous studies mostly focus on regions like the North China Plain and Yangtze River Delta. However, the characteristics of PM2.5 concentrations between these two regions are studied less often. Focusing on the transport corridor region, we identify an interesting seesaw transport phenomenon with stagnant weather conditions, conducive to PM2.5 accumulation over this region, resulting in large health effects.
Prerita Agarwal, David S. Stevenson, and Mathew R. Heal
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2239–2266, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2239-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2239-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Air pollution levels across northern India are amongst some of the worst in the world, with episodic and hazardous haze events. Here, the ability of the WRF-Chem model to predict air quality over northern India is assessed against several datasets. Whilst surface wind speed and particle pollution peaks are over- and underestimated, respectively, meteorology and aerosol trends are adequately captured, and we conclude it is suitable for investigating severe particle pollution events.
George Jordan, Florent Malavelle, Ying Chen, Amy Peace, Eliza Duncan, Daniel G. Partridge, Paul Kim, Duncan Watson-Parris, Toshihiko Takemura, David Neubauer, Gunnar Myhre, Ragnhild Skeie, Anton Laakso, and James Haywood
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1939–1960, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1939-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1939-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The 2014–15 Holuhraun eruption caused a huge aerosol plume in an otherwise unpolluted region, providing a chance to study how aerosol alters cloud properties. This two-part study uses observations and models to quantify this relationship’s impact on the Earth’s energy budget. Part 1 suggests the models capture the observed spatial and chemical evolution of the plume, yet no model plume is exact. Understanding these differences is key for Part 2, where changes to cloud properties are explored.
Lin Du, Xiaofan Lv, Makroni Lily, Kun Li, and Narcisse Tsona Tchinda
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1841–1853, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1841-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1841-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the pH effect on the reaction of dissolved SO2 with selected organic peroxides. Results show that the formation of organic and/or inorganic sulfate from these peroxides strongly depends on their electronic structures, and these processes are likely to alter the chemical composition of dissolved organic matter in different ways. The rate constants of these reactions exhibit positive pH and temperature dependencies within pH 1–10 and 240–340 K ranges.
Angelo Riccio and Elena Chianese
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1673–1689, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1673-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1673-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Starting from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS), we provided a novel ensemble statistical post-processing approach to improve their air quality predictions. Our approach is able to provide reliable short-term forecasts of pollutant concentrations, which is a key challenge in supporting national authorities in their tasks related to EU Air Quality Directives, such as planning and reporting the state of air quality to the citizens.
Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Matthias Karl, Kim Andreas Weiss, Dimitris Karagiannis, Eleni Athanasopoulou, Anastasia Kakouri, Aikaterini Bougiatioti, Eleni Liakakou, Iasonas Stavroulas, Georgios Papangelis, Georgios Grivas, Despina Paraskevopoulou, Orestis Speyer, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, and Evangelos Gerasopoulos
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2798, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2798, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A state-of-the-art thermodynamic model has been coupled to the source dispersion and photochemistry city-scale chemistry transport model EPISODE-CityChem to determine the equilibrium between the inorganic gas and aerosol phases over the Greater Area of Athens, Greece. Simulations denote that nitrate formation strongly depends on the local nitrogen oxide emissions, along with the ambient temperature, the relative humidity, the photochemical activity, and the presence of nonvolatile cations.
Stella E. I. Manavi and Spyros N. Pandis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 891–909, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-891-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-891-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Organic vapors of intermediate volatility have often been neglected as sources of atmospheric organic aerosol. In this work we use a new approach for their simulation and quantify the contribution of these compounds emitted by transportation sources (gasoline and diesel vehicles) to particulate matter over Europe. The estimated secondary organic aerosol levels are on average 60 % higher than predicted by previous approaches. However, these estimates are probably lower limits.
Shenglan Jiang, Yan Zhang, Guangyuan Yu, Zimin Han, Junri Zhao, Tianle Zhang, and Mei Zheng
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-155, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-155, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to provide gridded data on sea-wide concentrations, deposition fluxes, and soluble deposition fluxes with detailed source categories of metals by the modified CMAQ model. We developed a monthly emission inventory of six metals – Fe, Al, V, Ni, Zn, and Cu – from land anthropogenic, ship, and dust sources in East Asia in 2017. Our results revealed the contribution of each source to the emissions, concentrations, and deposition fluxes of metals in the East Asian seas.
Zhiyuan Li, Kin-Fai Ho, Harry Fung Lee, and Steve Hung Lam Yim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 649–661, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-649-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-649-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study developed an integrated model framework for accurate multi-air-pollutant exposure assessments in high-density and high-rise cities. Following the proposed integrated model framework, we established multi-air-pollutant exposure models for four major PM10 chemical species as well as four criteria air pollutants with R2 values ranging from 0.73 to 0.93. The proposed framework serves as an important tool for combined exposure assessment in epidemiological studies.
Yujin Jo, Myoseon Jang, Sanghee Han, Azad Madhu, Bonyoung Koo, Yiqin Jia, Zechen Yu, Soontae Kim, and Jinsoo Park
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 487–508, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-487-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-487-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The CAMx–UNIPAR model simulated the SOA budget formed via multiphase reactions of hydrocarbons and the impact of emissions and climate on SOA characteristics under California’s urban environments during winter 2018. SOA growth was dominated by daytime oxidation of long-chain alkanes and nighttime terpene oxidation with O3 and NO−3 radicals. The spatial distributions of anthropogenic SOA were affected by the northwesterly wind, whereas those of biogenic SOA were insensitive to wind directions.
Peter Huszar, Alvaro Patricio Prieto Perez, Lukáš Bartík, Jan Karlický, and Anahi Villalba-Pradas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 397–425, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-397-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-397-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Urbanization transforms rural land into artificial land, while due to human activities, it also introduces a great quantity of emissions. We quantify the impact of urbanization on the final particulate matter pollutant levels by looking not only at these emissions, but also at the way urban land cover influences meteorological conditions, how the removal of pollutants changes due to urban land cover, and how biogenic emissions from vegetation change due to less vegetation in urban areas.
Yinbao Jin, Yiming Liu, Xiao Lu, Xiaoyang Chen, Ao Shen, Haofan Wang, Yinping Cui, Yifei Xu, Siting Li, Jian Liu, Ming Zhang, Yingying Ma, and Qi Fan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 367–395, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-367-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-367-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to address these issues by evaluating eight independent biomass burning (BB) emission inventories (GFED, FINN1.5, FINN2.5 MOS, FINN2.5 MOSVIS, GFAS, FEER, QFED, and IS4FIRES) using the WRF-Chem model and analyzing their impact on aerosol optical properties (AOPs) and direct radiative forcing (DRF) during wildfire events in peninsular Southeast Asia (PSEA) that occurred in March 2019.
Hamza Ahsan, Hailong Wang, Jingbo Wu, Mingxuan Wu, Steven J. Smith, Susanne Bauer, Harrison Suchyta, Dirk Olivié, Gunnar Myhre, Hitoshi Matsui, Huisheng Bian, Jean-François Lamarque, Ken Carslaw, Larry Horowitz, Leighton Regayre, Mian Chin, Michael Schulz, Ragnhild Bieltvedt Skeie, Toshihiko Takemura, and Vaishali Naik
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14779–14799, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14779-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14779-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We examine the impact of the assumed effective height of SO2 injection, SO2 and BC emission seasonality, and the assumed fraction of SO2 emissions injected as SO4 on climate and chemistry model results. We find that the SO2 injection height has a large impact on surface SO2 concentrations and, in some models, radiative flux. These assumptions are a
hiddensource of inter-model variability and may be leading to bias in some climate model results.
Zhen Peng, Lili Lei, Zhe-Min Tan, Meigen Zhang, Aijun Ding, and Xingxia Kou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14505–14520, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14505-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14505-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Annual PM2.5 emissions in China consistently decreased by about 3% to 5% from 2017 to 2020 with spatial variations and seasonal dependencies. High-temporal-resolution and dynamics-based PM2.5 emission estimates provide quantitative diurnal variations for each season. Significant reductions in PM2.5 emissions in the North China Plain and northeast of China in 2020 were caused by COVID-19.
Stylianos Kakavas, Spyros N. Pandis, and Athanasios Nenes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13555–13564, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13555-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13555-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Water uptake from organic species in aerosol can affect the partitioning of semi-volatile inorganic compounds but are not considered in global and chemical transport models. We address this with a version of the PM-CAMx model that considers such organic water effects and use it to carry out 1-year aerosol simulations over the continental US. We show that such organic water impacts can increase dry PM1 levels by up to 2 μg m-3 when RH levels and PM1 concentrations are high.
Benjamin N. Murphy, Darrell Sonntag, Karl M. Seltzer, Havala O. T. Pye, Christine Allen, Evan Murray, Claudia Toro, Drew R. Gentner, Cheng Huang, Shantanu Jathar, Li Li, Andrew A. May, and Allen L. Robinson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13469–13483, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13469-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13469-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We update methods for calculating organic particle and vapor emissions from mobile sources in the USA. Conventionally, particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic carbon (VOC) are speciated without consideration of primary semivolatile emissions. Our methods integrate state-of-the-science speciation profiles and correct for common artifacts when sampling emissions in a laboratory. We quantify impacts of the emission updates on ambient pollution with the Community Multiscale Air Quality model.
Yanshun Li, Randall V. Martin, Chi Li, Brian L. Boys, Aaron van Donkelaar, Jun Meng, and Jeffrey R. Pierce
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12525–12543, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12525-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12525-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We developed and evaluated processes affecting within-day (diel) variability in PM2.5 concentrations in a chemical transport model over the contiguous US. Diel variability in PM2.5 for the contiguous US is driven by early-morning accumulation into a shallow mixed layer, decreases from mid-morning through afternoon with mixed-layer growth, increases from mid-afternoon through evening as the mixed-layer collapses, and decreases overnight as emissions decrease.
Chupeng Zhang, Shangfei Hai, Yang Gao, Yuhang Wang, Shaoqing Zhang, Lifang Sheng, Bin Zhao, Shuxiao Wang, Jingkun Jiang, Xin Huang, Xiaojing Shen, Junying Sun, Aura Lupascu, Manish Shrivastava, Jerome D. Fast, Wenxuan Cheng, Xiuwen Guo, Ming Chu, Nan Ma, Juan Hong, Qiaoqiao Wang, Xiaohong Yao, and Huiwang Gao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10713–10730, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10713-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10713-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
New particle formation is an important source of atmospheric particles, exerting critical influences on global climate. Numerical models are vital tools to understanding atmospheric particle evolution, which, however, suffer from large biases in simulating particle numbers. Here we improve the model chemical processes governing particle sizes and compositions. The improved model reveals substantial contributions of newly formed particles to climate through effects on cloud condensation nuclei.
Xiaodong Xie, Jianlin Hu, Momei Qin, Song Guo, Min Hu, Dongsheng Ji, Hongli Wang, Shengrong Lou, Cheng Huang, Chong Liu, Hongliang Zhang, Qi Ying, Hong Liao, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10563–10578, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10563-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10563-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The atmospheric age of particles reflects how long particles have been formed and suspended in the atmosphere, which is closely associated with the evolution processes of particles. An analysis of the atmospheric age of PM2.5 provides a unique perspective on the evolution processes of different PM2.5 components. The results also shed lights on how to design effective emission control actions under unfavorable meteorological conditions.
Lea Fink, Matthias Karl, Volker Matthias, Sonia Oppo, Richard Kranenburg, Jeroen Kuenen, Sara Jutterström, Jana Moldanova, Elisa Majamäki, and Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10163–10189, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10163-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10163-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Mediterranean Sea is a heavily trafficked shipping area, and air quality monitoring stations in numerous cities along the Mediterranean coast have detected high levels of air pollutants originating from shipping emissions. The current study investigates how existing restrictions on shipping-related emissions to the atmosphere ensure compliance with legislation. Focus was laid on fine particles and particle species, which were simulated with five different chemical transport models.
Noah A. Stanton and Neil F. Tandon
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9191–9216, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9191-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9191-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Chemistry in Earth’s atmosphere has a potentially strong but very uncertain impact on climate. Past attempts to fully model chemistry in Earth’s troposphere (the lowest layer of the atmosphere) typically simplified the representation of Earth’s surface, which in turn limited the ability to simulate changes in climate. The cutting-edge model that we use in this study does not require such simplification, and we use it to examine the climate effects of chemical interactions in the troposphere.
Yiqi Zheng, Larry W. Horowitz, Raymond Menzel, David J. Paynter, Vaishali Naik, Jingyi Li, and Jingqiu Mao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8993–9007, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8993-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8993-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Biogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) account for a large fraction of fine aerosol at the global scale. Using long-term measurements and a climate model, we investigate anthropogenic impacts on biogenic SOA at both decadal and centennial timescales. Results show that despite reductions in biogenic precursor emissions, SOA has been strongly amplified by anthropogenic emissions since the preindustrial era and exerts a cooling radiative forcing.
Yuyang Li, Jiewen Shen, Bin Zhao, Runlong Cai, Shuxiao Wang, Yang Gao, Manish Shrivastava, Da Gao, Jun Zheng, Markku Kulmala, and Jingkun Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8789–8804, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8789-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8789-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We set up a new parameterization for 1.4 nm particle formation rates from sulfuric acid–dimethylamine (SA–DMA) nucleation, fully including the effects of coagulation scavenging and cluster stability. Incorporating the new parameterization into 3-D chemical transport models, we achieved better consistencies between simulation results and observation data. This new parameterization provides new insights into atmospheric nucleation simulations and its effects on atmospheric pollution or health.
María Gonçalves Ageitos, Vincenzo Obiso, Ron L. Miller, Oriol Jorba, Martina Klose, Matt Dawson, Yves Balkanski, Jan Perlwitz, Sara Basart, Enza Di Tomaso, Jerónimo Escribano, Francesca Macchia, Gilbert Montané, Natalie M. Mahowald, Robert O. Green, David R. Thompson, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8623–8657, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8623-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8623-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Dust aerosols affect our climate differently depending on their mineral composition. We include dust mineralogy in an atmospheric model considering two existing soil maps, which still have large associated uncertainties. The soil data and the distribution of the minerals in different aerosol sizes are key to our model performance. We find significant regional variations in climate-relevant variables, which supports including mineralogy in our current models and the need for improved soil maps.
Jianyan Lu, Sunling Gong, Jian Zhang, Jianmin Chen, Lei Zhang, and Chunhong Zhou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8021–8037, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8021-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8021-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
WRF/CUACE was used to assess the cloud chemistry contribution in China. Firstly, the CUACE cloud chemistry scheme was found to reproduce well the cloud processing and consumption of H2O2, O3, and SO2, as well as the increase of sulfate. Secondly, during cloud availability in December under a heavy pollution episode, sulfate production increased 60–95 % and SO2 was reduced by over 80 %. This study provides a way to analyze the phenomenon of overestimation of SO2 in many chemical transport models.
Laurent Menut, Arineh Cholakian, Guillaume Siour, Rémy Lapere, Romain Pennel, Sylvain Mailler, and Bertrand Bessagnet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7281–7296, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7281-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7281-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study is about the wildfires occurring in France during the summer 2022. We study the forest fires that took place in the Landes during the summer of 2022. We show the direct impact of these fires on the air quality, especially downstream of the smoke plume towards the Paris region. We quantify the impact of these fires on the pollutants peak concentrations and the possible exceedance of thresholds.
Hannah J. Rubin, Joshua S. Fu, Frank Dentener, Rui Li, Kan Huang, and Hongbo Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7091–7102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7091-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7091-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We update the 2010 global deposition budget for nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) with new regional wet deposition measurements, improving the ensemble results of 11 global chemistry transport models from HTAP II. Our study demonstrates that a global measurement–model fusion approach can substantially improve N and S deposition model estimates at a regional scale and represents a step forward toward the WMO goal of global fusion products for accurately mapping harmful air pollution.
Chenxi Li, Yuyang Li, Xiaoxiao Li, Runlong Cai, Yaxin Fan, Xiaohui Qiao, Rujing Yin, Chao Yan, Yishuo Guo, Yongchun Liu, Jun Zheng, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Markku Kulmala, Huayun Xiao, and Jingkun Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6879–6896, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6879-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6879-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
New particle formation and growth in polluted environments are not fully understood despite intensive research. We applied a cluster dynamics–multicomponent sectional model to simulate the new particle formation events observed in Beijing, China. The simulation approximately captures how the events evolve. Further diagnosis shows that the oxygenated organic molecules may have been under-detected, and modulating their abundance leads to significantly improved simulation–observation agreement.
Marianne Tronstad Lund, Gunnar Myhre, Ragnhild Bieltvedt Skeie, Bjørn Hallvard Samset, and Zbigniew Klimont
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6647–6662, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6647-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6647-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Here we show that differences, in magnitude and trend, between recent global anthropogenic emission inventories have a notable influence on simulated regional abundances of anthropogenic aerosol over the 1990–2019 period. This, in turn, affects estimates of radiative forcing. Our findings form a basis for comparing existing and upcoming studies on anthropogenic aerosols using different emission inventories.
Lei Kong, Xiao Tang, Jiang Zhu, Zifa Wang, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, Meng Gao, Huangjian Wu, Miaomiao Lu, Qian Wu, Shuyuan Huang, Wenxuan Sui, Jie Li, Xiaole Pan, Lin Wu, Hajime Akimoto, and Gregory R. Carmichael
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6217–6240, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6217-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6217-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A multi-air-pollutant inversion system has been developed in this study to estimate emission changes in China during COVID-19 lockdown. The results demonstrate that the lockdown is largely a nationwide road traffic control measure with NOx emissions decreasing by ~40 %. Emissions of other species only decreased by ~10 % due to smaller effects of lockdown on other sectors. Assessment results further indicate that the lockdown only had limited effects on the control of PM2.5 and O3 in China.
Ernesto Reyes-Villegas, Douglas Lowe, Jill S. Johnson, Kenneth S. Carslaw, Eoghan Darbyshire, Michael Flynn, James D. Allan, Hugh Coe, Ying Chen, Oliver Wild, Scott Archer-Nicholls, Alex Archibald, Siddhartha Singh, Manish Shrivastava, Rahul A. Zaveri, Vikas Singh, Gufran Beig, Ranjeet Sokhi, and Gordon McFiggans
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5763–5782, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5763-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5763-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Organic aerosols (OAs), their sources and their processes remain poorly understood. The volatility basis set (VBS) approach, implemented in air quality models such as WRF-Chem, can be a useful tool to describe primary OA (POA) production and aging. However, the main disadvantage is its complexity. We used a Gaussian process simulator to reproduce model results and to estimate the sources of model uncertainty. We do this by comparing the outputs with OA observations made at Delhi, India, in 2018.
Cited articles
Alexander, B., Sherwen, T., Holmes, C. D., Fisher, J. A., Chen, Q., Evans, M. J., and Kasibhatla, P.: Global inorganic nitrate production mechanisms: comparison of a global model with nitrate isotope observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 3859–3877, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3859-2020, 2020.
An, J., Huang, Y., Huang, C., Wang, X., Yan, R., Wang, Q., Wang, H., Jing, S., Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., Chen, Y., Xu, C., Qiao, L., Zhou, M., Zhu, S., Hu, Q., Lu, J., and Chen, C.: Emission inventory of air pollutants and chemical speciation for specific anthropogenic sources based on local measurements in the Yangtze River Delta region, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2003–2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2003-2021, 2021.
Byun, D. and Schere, K. L.: Review of the Governing Equations,
Computational Algorithms, and Other Components of the Models-3 Community
Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Modeling System, Appl. Mech. Rev., 59, 51–77,
https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2128636, 2006.
Chan, Y.-C., Evans, M. J., He, P., Holmes, C. D., Jaeglé, L.,
Kasibhatla, P., Liu, X.-Y., Sherwen, T., Thornton, J. A., Wang, X., Xie, Z.,
Zhai, S., and Alexander, B.: Heterogeneous Nitrate Production Mechanisms in
Intense Haze Events in the North China Plain, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, e2021JD034688, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD034688, 2021.
Chen, T.-F., Chang, K.-H., and Lee, C.-H.: Simulation and analysis of causes
of a haze episode by combining CMAQ-IPR and brute force source sensitivity
method, Atmos. Environ., 218, 117006, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117006, 2019.
Chen, X., Jiang, Z., Shen, Y., Li, R., Fu, Y., Liu, J., Han, H., Liao, H.,
Cheng, X., Jones, D. B. A., Worden, H., and Abad, G. G.: Chinese Regulations
Are Working – Why Is Surface Ozone Over Industrialized Areas Still High?
Applying Lessons From Northeast US Air Quality Evolution, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 48, e2021GL092816, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL092816,
2021.
Chen, X. R., Wang, H. C., Lu, K. D., Li, C., Zhai, T., Tan, Z., Ma, X.,
Yang, X., Liu, Y., Chen, S., Dong, H., Li, X., Wu, Z., Hu, M., Zeng, L., and
Zhang, Y.: Field Determination of Nitrate Formation Pathway in Winter
Beijing, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 9243–9253, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c00972,
2020.
Chuang, M.-T., Wu, C.-F., Lin, C.-Y., Lin, W.-C., Chou, C. C. K., Lee,
C.-T., Lin, T.-H., Fu, J. S., and Kong, S. S.-K.: Simulating nitrate
formation mechanisms during PM2.5 events in Taiwan and their implications
for the controlling direction, Atmos. Environ., 269, 118856, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118856, 2022.
Dai, H. B., Zhu, J., Liao, H., Li, J., Liang, M., Yang, Y., and Yue, X.:
Co-occurrence of ozone and PM2.5 pollution in the Yangtze River Delta over
2013–2019: Spatiotemporal distribution and meteorological conditions,
Atmos. Res., 249, 105363, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105363, 2021.
Ding, A. J., Huang, X., Nie, W., Chi, X., Xu, Z., Zheng, L., Xu, Z., Xie,
Y., Qi, X., Shen, Y., Sun, P., Wang, J., Wang, L., Sun, J., Yang, X. Q.,
Qin, W., Zhang, X., Cheng, W., Liu, W., Pan, L., and Fu, C.: Significant
reduction of PM2.5 in eastern China due to regional-scale emission control: evidence from SORPES in 2011–2018, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11791–11801, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11791-2019, 2019.
Du, H., Li, J., Wang, Z., Dao, X., Guo, S., Wang, L., Ma, S., Wu, J., Yang,
W., Chen, X., and Sun, Y.: Effects of Regional Transport on Haze in the
North China Plain: Transport of Precursors or Secondary Inorganic Aerosols,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, e2020GL087461, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl087461, 2020.
Emery, C. and Tai, E.: Enhanced Meteorological Modeling and Performance Evaluation for Two Texas Ozone Episodes, Final Report Submitted to Texas Natural Resources Conservation Commission, ENVIRON, International Corporation, Novato, USA, Corpus ID: 127579774,
https://wayback.archive-it.org/414/20210529063824/https://www.tceq.texas.gov/assets/public/implementation/air/am/contracts/reports/mm/EnhancedMetModelingAndPerformanceEvaluation.pdf, last access: 30 April 2021.
Emery, C., Liu, Z., Russell, A. G., Odman, M. T., Yarwood, G., and Kumar,
N.: Recommendations on statistics and benchmarks to assess photochemical
model performance, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 67, 582–598,
https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2016.1265027, 2017.
Fan, M.-Y., Zhang, Y.-L., Lin, Y.-C., Cao, F., Zhao, Z.-Y., Sun, Y., Qiu,
Y., Fu, P., and Wang, Y.: Changes of Emission Sources to Nitrate Aerosols in
Beijing After the Clean Air Actions: Evidence From Dual Isotope
Compositions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125,
e2019JD031998, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031998, 2020.
Fan, M.-Y., Zhang, Y.-L., Lin, Y.-C., Hong, Y., Zhao, Z.-Y., Xie, F., Du,
W., Cao, F., Sun, Y., and Fu, P.: Important Role of NO3 Radical to Nitrate
Formation Aloft in Urban Beijing: Insights from Triple Oxygen Isotopes
Measured at the Tower, Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 6870–6879, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c02843,
2021.
Fu, X., Wang, T., Gao, J., Wang, P., Liu, Y., Wang, S., Zhao, B., and Xue,
L.: Persistent Heavy Winter Nitrate Pollution Driven by Increased
Photochemical Oxidants in Northern China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54,
3881–3889, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b07248, 2020.
Griffith, S. M., Huang, X. H. H., Louie, P. K. K., and Yu, J. Z.:
Characterizing the thermodynamic and chemical composition factors
controlling PM2.5 nitrate: Insights gained from two years of online
measurements in Hong Kong, Atmos. Environ., 122, 864–875,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.02.009, 2015.
Guenther, A. B., Jiang, X., Heald, C. L., Sakulyanontvittaya, T., Duhl, T., Emmons, L. K., and Wang, X.: The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1 (MEGAN2.1): an extended and updated framework for modeling biogenic emissions, Geosci. Model Dev., 5, 1471–1492, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1471-2012, 2012.
Guo, H., Otjes, R., Schlag, P., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Nenes, A., and Weber, R. J.: Effectiveness of ammonia reduction on control of fine particle nitrate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 12241–12256, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12241-2018, 2018.
He, P., Xie, Z., Chi, X., Yu, X., Fan, S., Kang, H., Liu, C., and Zhan, H.: Atmospheric Δ17O(NO3−) reveals nocturnal chemistry dominates nitrate production in Beijing haze, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14465–14476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14465-2018, 2018.
He, P., Xie, Z., Yu, X., Wang, L., Kang, H., and Yue, F.: The observation of
isotopic compositions of atmospheric nitrate in Shanghai China and its
implication for reactive nitrogen chemistry, Sci. Total Environ., 714,
136727, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136727, 2020.
Hu, J., Chen, J., Ying, Q., and Zhang, H.: One-year simulation of ozone and particulate matter in China using WRF/CMAQ modeling system, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10333–10350, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10333-2016, 2016.
Hu, S., Zhao, G., Tan, T., Li, C., Zong, T., Xu, N., Zhu, W., and Hu, M.:
Current challenges of improving visibility due to increasing nitrate
fraction in PM2.5 during the haze days in Beijing, China, Environ. Pollut.,
290, 118032, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118032,
2021.
Huang, L., Zhu, Y., Zhai, H., Xue, S., Zhu, T., Shao, Y., Liu, Z., Emery,
C., Yarwood, G., Wang, Y., Fu, J., Zhang, K., and Li, L.: Recommendations on
benchmarks for numerical air quality model applications in China – Part 1:
PM2.5 and chemical species, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2725–2743, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2725-2021, 2021.
Huang, R. J., Zhang, Y. L., Bozzetti, C., Ho, K.-F., Cao, J.-J., Han, Y.,
Daellenbach, K. R., Slowik, J. G., Platt, S. M., Canonaco, F., Zotter, P.,
Wolf, R., Pieber, S. M., Bruns, E. A., Crippa, M., Ciarelli, G.,
Piazzalunga, A., Schwikowski, M., Abbaszade, G., Schnelle-Kreis, J.,
Zimmermann, R., An, Z., Szidat, S., Baltensperger, U., Haddad, I. E., and
Prévôt, A. S. H.: High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate
pollution during haze events in China, Nature, 514, 218–222,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13774, 2014.
Huang, X., Ding, A., Wang, Z., Ding, K., Gao, J., Chai, F., and Fu, C.:
Amplified transboundary transport of haze by aerosol–boundary layer
interaction in China, Nat. Geosci., 13, 428–434, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0583-4,
2020a.
Huang, X., Ding, A. J., Gao, J., Zheng, B., Zhou, D., Qi, X., Tang, R.,
Wang, J., Ren, C., Nie, W., Chi, X., Xu, Z., Chen, L., Li, Y., Che, F.,
Pang, N., Wang, H., Tong, D., Qin, W., Cheng, W., Liu, W., Fu, Q., Liu, B.,
Chai, F., Davis, S. J., Zhang, Q., and He, K.: Enhanced secondary pollution
offset reduction of primary emissions during COVID-19 lockdown in China,
Nat. Sci. Rev., 8, nwaa137, https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaa137, 2020b.
Huang, X., Huang, J. T., Ren, C. H., Wang, J., Wang, H., Wang, J., Yu, H.,
Chen, J., Gao, J., and Ding, A.: Chemical Boundary Layer and Its Impact on
Air Pollution in Northern China, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 7, 826–832,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00755, 2020c.
Itahashi, S., Uno, I., Osada, K., Kamiguchi, Y., Yamamoto, S., Tamura, K., Wang, Z., Kurosaki, Y., and Kanaya, Y.: Nitrate transboundary heavy pollution over East Asia in winter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3823–3843, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3823-2017, 2017.
Khezri, B., Mo, H., Yan, Z., Chong, S.-L., Heng, A. K., and Webster, R. D.:
Simultaneous online monitoring of inorganic compounds in aerosols and gases
in an industrialized area, Atmos. Environ., 80, 352–360, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.08.008, 2013.
Kim, Y. J., Spak, S. N., Carmichael, G. R., Riemer, N., and Stanier, C. O.:
Modeled aerosol nitrate formation pathways during wintertime in the Great
Lakes region of North America, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
119, 12420–412445, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022320,
2014.
Li, C., Hammer, M. S., Zheng, B., and Cohen, R. C.: Accelerated reduction of
air pollutants in China, 2017–2020, Sci. Total Environ., 803, 150011,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150011, 2022.
Li, L., Xie, F., Li, J., Gong, K., Xie, X., Qin, Y., Qin, M., and Hu, J.:
Diagnostic analysis of regional ozone pollution in Yangtze River Delta,
China: A case study in summer 2020, Sci. Total Environ., 812, 151511, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151511, 2021a.
Li, M., Zhang, Z., Yao, Q., Wang, T., Xie, M., Li, S., Zhuang, B., and Han, Y.: Nonlinear responses of particulate nitrate to NOx emission controls in the megalopolises of China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15135–15152, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15135-2021, 2021b.
Lin, Y. C., Zhang, Y. L., Fan, M. Y., and Bao, M.: Heterogeneous formation
of particulate nitrate under ammonium-rich regimes during the high-PM2.5
events in Nanjing, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 3999–4011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3999-2020, 2020.
Liu, L., Liu, L., Liu, S., Li, X., Zhou, J., Feng, T., Cao, J., Qian, Y.,
Cao, J., and Li, G.: Effects of organic coating on the nitrate formation by
suppressing the N2O5 heterogeneous hydrolysis: a case study during wintertime in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8189–8207, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8189-2019, 2019.
Liu, L., Bei, N., Hu, B., Wu, J., Liu, S., Li, X., Wang, R., Liu, Z., Shen,
Z., and Li, G.: Wintertime nitrate formation pathways in the north China
plain: Importance of N2O5 heterogeneous hydrolysis, Environ. Pollut., 266,
115287, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115287, 2020a.
Liu, P., Zhang, Y., Yu, S., and Schere, K. L.: Use of a process analysis
tool for diagnostic study on fine particulate matter predictions in the
U.S. – Part II: Analyses and sensitivity simulations, Atmos. Pollut.
Res., 2, 61–71, https://doi.org/10.5094/APR.2011.008, 2011.
Liu, T., Wang, X. Y., Hu, J. L., Wang, Q., An, J., Gong, K., Sun, J., Li,
L., Qin, M., Li, J., Tian, J., Huang, Y., Liao, H., Zhou, M., Hu, Q., Yan,
R., Wang, H., and Huang, C.: Driving Forces of Changes in Air Quality during
the COVID-19 Lockdown Period in the Yangtze River Delta Region, China,
Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 7, 779–786, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00511,
2020b.
Lu, M., Tang, X., Feng, Y., Wang, Z., Chen, X., Kong, L., Ji, D., Liu, Z.,
Liu, K., Wu, H., Liang, S., Zhou, H., and Hu, K.: Nonlinear response of SIA
to emission changes and chemical processes over eastern and central China
during a heavy haze month, Sci. Total Environ., 788, 147747, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147747, 2021a.
Lu, X., Ye, X., Zhou, M., Zhao, Y., Weng, H., Kong, H., Li, K., Gao, M.,
Zheng, B., Lin, J., Zhou, F., Zhang, Q., Wu, D., Zhang, L., and Zhang, Y.:
The underappreciated role of agricultural soil nitrogen oxide emissions in
ozone pollution regulation in North China, Nat. Commun., 12, 5021,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25147-9, 2021b.
Luo, L., Kao, S., Wu, Y., Zhang, X., Lin, H., Zhang, R., and Xiao, H.:
Stable oxygen isotope constraints on nitrate formation in Beijing in
springtime, Environ. Pollut., 263, 114515, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114515, 2020a.
Luo, L., Pan, Y.-Y., Zhu, R.-G., Zhang, Z.-Y., Zheng, N.-J., Liu, Y.-H.,
Liu, C., Xiao, H.-W., and Xiao, H.-Y.: Assessment of the seasonal cycle of
nitrate in PM2.5 using chemical compositions and stable nitrogen and oxygen
isotopes at Nanchang, China, Atmos. Environ., 225, 117371, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117371, 2020b.
Ma, J., Shen, J., Wang, P., Zhu, S., Wang, Y., Wang, P., Wang, G., Chen, J., and Zhang, H.: Modeled changes in source contributions of particulate matter during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Yangtze River Delta, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7343–7355, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7343-2021, 2021.
Prabhakar, G., Parworth, C. L., Zhang, X., Kim, H., Young, D. E., Beyersdorf, A. J., Ziemba, L. D., Nowak, J. B., Bertram, T. H., Faloona, I. C., Zhang, Q., and Cappa, C. D.: Observational assessment of the role of nocturnal residual-layer chemistry in determining daytime surface particulate nitrate concentrations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14747–14770, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14747-2017, 2017.
Qiao, X., Tang, Y., Hu, J., Zhang, S., Li, J., Kota, S. H., Wu, L., Gao, H.,
Zhang, H., and Ying, Q.: Modeling dry and wet deposition of sulfate,
nitrate, and ammonium ions in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve, China
using a source-oriented CMAQ model: Part I. Base case model results, Sci.
Total Environ., 532, 831–839, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.108, 2015.
Qin, Y., Li, J. Y., Gong, K. J., Wu, Z., Chen, M., Qin, M., Huang, L., and
Hu, J.: Double high pollution events in the Yangtze River Delta from 2015 to
2019: Characteristics, trends, and meteorological situations, Sci. Total
Environ., 792, 148349, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148349, 2021.
Qu, K., Wang, X. S., Xiao, T., Shen, J., Lin, T., Chen, D., He, L.-Y.,
Huang, X.-F., Zeng, L., Lu, K., Ou, Y., and Zhang, Y.: Cross-regional
transport of PM2.5 nitrate in the Pearl River Delta, China: Contributions
and mechanisms, Sci. Total Environ., 753, 142439, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142439, 2021.
Shah, V., Jaeglé, L., Thornton, J. A., Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D., Lee, B.
H., Schroder, J. C., Campuzano-Jost, P., Jimenez, J. L., Guo, H., Sullivan,
A. P., Weber, R. J., Green, J. R., Fiddler, M. N., Bililign, S., Campos, T.
L., Stell, M., Weinheimer, A. J., Montzka, D. D., and Brown, S. S.: Chemical
feedbacks weaken the wintertime response of particulate sulfate and nitrate
to emissions reductions over the eastern United States, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 115, 8110–8115, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803295115, 2018.
Shen, J., Zhao, Q., Cheng, Z., Wang, P., Ying, Q., Liu, J., Duan, Y., and
Fu, Q.: Insights into source origins and formation mechanisms of nitrate
during winter haze episodes in the Yangtze River Delta, Sci. Total Environ.,
741, 140187, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140187, 2020.
Sheng, L., Qin, M., Li, L., Wang, C., Gong, K., Liu, T., Li, J., and Hu, J.:
Impacts of emissions along the lower Yangtze River on air quality and public
health in the Yangtze River delta, China, Atmos. Pollut. Res.,
13, 101420, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2022.101420, 2022.
Shi, Z., Li, J., Huang, L., Wang, P., Wu, L., Ying, Q., Zhang, H., Lu, L.,
Liu, X., Liao, H., and Hu, J.: Source apportionment of fine particulate
matter in China in 2013 using a source-oriented chemical transport model,
Sci. Total Environ., 601–602, 1476–1487, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.019, 2017.
Sulaymon, I. D., Zhang, Y., Hu, J., Hopke, P. K., Zhang, Y., Zhao, B., Xing,
J., Li, L., and Mei, X.: Evaluation of regional transport of PM2.5 during
severe atmospheric pollution episodes in the western Yangtze River Delta,
China, J. Environ. Manage., 293, 112827, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112827, 2021.
Sun, J. J., Liang, M. J., Shi, Z. H., Shen, F., Li, J., Huang, L., Ge, X.,
Chen, Q., Sun, Y., Zhang, Y., Chang, Y., Ji, D., Ying, Q., Zhang, H., Kota,
S. H., and Hu, J.: Investigating the PM2.5 mass concentration growth
processes during 2013–2016 in Beijing and Shanghai, Chemosphere, 221,
452–463, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.200,
2019.
Sun, P., Nie, W., Chi, X., Xie, Y., Huang, X., Xu, Z., Qi, X., Xu, Z., Wang, L., Wang, T., Zhang, Q., and Ding, A.: Two years of online measurement of fine particulate nitrate in the western Yangtze River Delta: influences of thermodynamics and N2O5 hydrolysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 17177–17190, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17177-2018, 2018.
Tan, Z. F., Wang, H. C., Lu, K. D., Dong, H. B., Liu, Y. H., Zeng, L. M.,
Hu, M., and Zhang, Y. H.: An Observational Based Modeling of the Surface
Layer Particulate Nitrate in the North China Plain During Summertime, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, e2021JD035623,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035623, 2021.
Vrekoussis, M., Kanakidou, M., Mihalopoulos, N., Crutzen, P. J., Lelieveld, J., Perner, D., Berresheim, H., and Baboukas, E.: Role of the NO3 radicals in oxidation processes in the eastern Mediterranean troposphere during the MINOS campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 169–182, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-169-2004, 2004.
Wang, H., Lu, K., Chen, X., Zhu, Q., Wu, Z., Wu, Y., and Sun, K.: Fast
particulate nitrate formation via N2O5 uptake aloft in winter in Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 10483–10495, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10483-2018, 2018.
Wang, J., Gao, J., Che, F., Wang, Y., Lin, P., and Zhang, Y.: Decade-long
trends in chemical component properties of PM2.5 in Beijing, China
(2011–2020), Sci. Total Environ., 832, 154664, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154664, 2022.
Wang, X., Li, L., Gong, K., Mao, J., Hu, J., Li, J., Liu, Z., Liao, H., Qiu,
W., Yu, Y., Dong, H., Guo, S., Hu, M., Zeng, L., and Zhang, Y.: Modelling
air quality during the EXPLORE-YRD campaign – Part I. Model performance
evaluation and impacts of meteorological inputs and grid resolutions, Atmos.
Environ., 246, 118131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.118131, 2021.
Wang, Y.-L., Song, W., Yang, W., Sun, X.-C., Tong, Y.-D., Wang, X.-M., Liu,
C.-Q., Bai, Z.-P., and Liu, X.-Y.: Influences of Atmospheric Pollution on
the Contributions of Major Oxidation Pathways to PM2.5 Nitrate Formation in
Beijing, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 4174–4185,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030284, 2019.
Wen, L., Xue, L., Wang, X., Xu, C., Chen, T., Yang, L., Wang, T., Zhang, Q., and Wang, W.: Summertime fine particulate nitrate pollution in the North China Plain: increasing trends, formation mechanisms and implications for control policy, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11261–11275, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11261-2018, 2018.
Wiedinmyer, C., Akagi, S. K., Yokelson, R. J., Emmons, L. K., Al-Saadi, J. A., Orlando, J. J., and Soja, A. J.: The Fire INventory from NCAR (FINN): a high resolution global model to estimate the emissions from open burning, Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 625–641, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-625-2011, 2011.
Womack, C. C., McDuffie, E. E., Edwards, P. M., Bares, R., de Gouw, J. A.,
Docherty, K. S., Dubé, W. P., Fibiger, D. L., Franchin, A., Gilman, J.
B., Goldberger, L., Lee, B. H., Lin, J. C., Long, R., Middlebrook, A. M.,
Millet, D. B., Moravek, A., Murphy, J. G., Quinn, P. K., Riedel, T. P.,
Roberts, J. M., Thornton, J. A., Valin, L. C., Veres, P. R., Whitehill, A.
R., Wild, R. J., Warneke, C., Yuan, B., Baasandorj, M., and Brown, S. S.: An
Odd Oxygen Framework for Wintertime Ammonium Nitrate Aerosol Pollution in
Urban Areas: NOx and VOC Control as Mitigation Strategies, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 46, 4971–4979, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082028,
2019.
Wu, C., Liu, L., Wang, G., Zhang, S., Li, G., Lv, S., Li, J., Wang, F.,
Meng, J., and Zeng, Y.: Important contribution of N2O5 hydrolysis to the
daytime nitrate in Xi'an, China during haze periods: Isotopic analysis and
WRF-Chem model simulation, Environ. Pollut., 288, 117712, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117712, 2021.
Wu, J.-B., Wang, Z., Wang, Q., Li, J., Xu, J., Chen, H., Ge, B., Zhou, G.,
and Chang, L.: Development of an on-line source-tagged model for sulfate,
nitrate and ammonium: A modeling study for highly polluted periods in
Shanghai, China, Environ. Pollut., 221, 168–179, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.061, 2017.
Wyat Appel, K., Napelenok, S., Hogrefe, C., Pouliot, G., Foley, K. M.,
Roselle, S. J., Pleim, J. E., Bash, J., Pye, H. O. T., Heath, N., Murphy,
B., and Mathur, R.: Overview and Evaluation of the Community Multiscale Air
Quality (CMAQ) Modeling System Version 5.2, in: Air Pollution Modeling and its
Application XXV, Cham, 69–73, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57645-9_11, 2018.
Xie, X., Hu, J., Qin, M., Guo, S., Hu, M., Wang, H., Lou, S., Li, J., Sun,
J., Li, X., Sheng, L., Zhu, J., Chen, G., Yin, J., Fu, W., Huang, C., and
Zhang, Y.: Modeling particulate nitrate in China: current findings and
future directions, Environ. Int., 166, 107369, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2022.107369, 2022.
Xie, Y., Wang, G., Wang, X., Chen, J., Chen, Y., Tang, G., Wang, L., Ge, S.,
Xue, G., Wang, Y., and Gao, J.: Nitrate-dominated PM2.5 and elevation of particle pH observed in urban Beijing during the winter of 2017, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 5019–5033, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-5019-2020, 2020.
Yang, X., Wu, K., Wang, H., Liu, Y., Gu, S., Lu, Y., Zhang, X., Hu, Y., Ou,
Y., Wang, S., and Wang, Z.: Summertime ozone pollution in Sichuan Basin,
China: Meteorological conditions, sources and process analysis, Atmos.
Environ., 226, 117392, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117392, 2020.
Ying, Q., Wu, L., and Zhang, H.: Local and inter-regional contributions to
PM2.5 nitrate and sulfate in China, Atmos. Environ., 94, 582–592, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.05.078, 2014.
Zang, H., Zhao, Y., Huo, J., Zhao, Q., Fu, Q., Duan, Y., Shao, J., Huang, C., An, J., Xue, L., Li, Z., Li, C., and Xiao, H.: High atmospheric oxidation capacity drives wintertime nitrate pollution in the eastern Yangtze River Delta of China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4355–4374, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4355-2022, 2022.
Zhai, S. X., Jacob, D. J., Wang, X., Liu, Z., Wen, T., Shah, V., Li, K.,
Moch, J. M., Bates, K. H., Song, S., Shen, L., Zhang, Y., Luo, G., Yu, F.,
Sun, Y., Wang, L., Qi, M., Tao, J., Gui, K., Xu, H., Zhang, Q., Zhao, T.,
Wang, Y., Lee, H. C., Choi, H., and Liao, H.: Control of particulate nitrate
air pollution in China, Nat. Geosci., 14, 389–395,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00726-z, 2021.
Zhang, Y.-L., Zhang, W., Fan, M.-Y., Li, J., Fang, H., Cao, F., Lin, Y.-C.,
Wilkins, B. P., Liu, X., Bao, M., Hong, Y., and Michalski, G.: A diurnal
story of Δ17O(NO3−) in urban Nanjing and its
implication for nitrate aerosol formation, NPJ Clim. Atmos. Sci., 5, 50, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-022-00273-3, 2022.
Zhang, Z., Cao, L., Liang, Y., Guo, W., Guan, H., and Zheng, N.: Importance
of NO3 radical in particulate nitrate formation in a southeast Chinese urban
city: New constraints by δ15N-δ18O space of NO3−, Atmos. Environ.,
253, 118387, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118387,
2021.
Zheng, B., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Y., He, K. B., Wang, K., Zheng, G. J., Duan, F. K., Ma, Y. L., and Kimoto, T.: Heterogeneous chemistry: a mechanism missing in current models to explain secondary inorganic aerosol formation during the January 2013 haze episode in North China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2031–2049, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2031-2015, 2015.
Zheng, B., Tong, D., Li, M., Liu, F., Hong, C., Geng, G., Li, H., Li, X., Peng, L., Qi, J., Yan, L., Zhang, Y., Zhao, H., Zheng, Y., He, K., and Zhang, Q.: Trends in China's anthropogenic emissions since 2010 as the consequence of clean air actions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14095–14111, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14095-2018, 2018.
Zheng, H., Song, S., Sarwar, G., Gen, M., Wang, S., Ding, D., Chang, X.,
Zhang, S., Xing, J., Sun, Y., Ji, D., Chan, C. K., Gao, J., and McElroy, M.
B.: Contribution of Particulate Nitrate Photolysis to Heterogeneous Sulfate
Formation for Winter Haze in China, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 7,
632–638, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00368, 2020.
Zhou, M., Nie, W., Qiao, L., Huang, D. D., Zhu, S., Lou, S., Wang, H., Wang,
Q., Tao, S., Sun, P., Liu, Y., Xu, Z., An, J., Yan, R., Su, H., Huang, C.,
Ding, A., and Chen, C.: Elevated formation of particulate nitrate from N2O5
hydrolysis in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2011 to 2019, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 49, e2021GL097393, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL097393, 2022.
Short summary
NO3- has become the dominant and the least reduced chemical component of fine particulate matter in China. NO3- formation is mostly in the NH3-rich regime in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). OH + NO2 contributes 60 %–83 % of the TNO3 production rates, and the N2O5 heterogeneous pathway contributes 10 %–36 %. The N2O5 heterogeneous pathway becomes more important in cold seasons. Local emissions and regional transportation contribute 50 %–62 % and 38 %–50 % to YRD NO3- concentrations, respectively.
NO3- has become the dominant and the least reduced chemical component of fine particulate matter...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint