Articles | Volume 20, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-683-2020
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-683-2020
Research article
 | 
21 Jan 2020
Research article |  | 21 Jan 2020

Modelling the effect of condensed-phase diffusion on the homogeneous nucleation of ice in ultra-viscous particles

Kathryn Fowler, Paul Connolly, and David Topping

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Andreae, M. O., Afchine, A., Albrecht, R., Holanda, B. A., Artaxo, P., Barbosa, H. M. J., Borrmann, S., Cecchini, M. A., Costa, A., Dollner, M., Fütterer, D., Järvinen, E., Jurkat, T., Klimach, T., Konemann, T., Knote, C., Krämer, M., Krisna, T., Machado, L. A. T., Mertes, S., Minikin, A., Pöhlker, C., Pöhlker, M. L., Pöschl, U., Rosenfeld, D., Sauer, D., Schlager, H., Schnaiter, M., Schneider, J., Schulz, C., Spanu, A., Sperling, V. B., Voigt, C., Walser, A., Wang, J., Weinzierl, B., Wendisch, M., and Ziereis, H.: Aerosol characteristics and particle production in the upper troposphere over the Amazon Basin, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 921–961, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-921-2018, 2018. a
Bastelberger, S., Krieger, U. K., Luo, B. P., and Peter, T.: Time evolution of steep diffusion fronts in highly viscous aerosol particles measured with Mie resonance spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 149, 244506, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5052216, 2018. a
Baustian, K. J., Wise, M. E., Jensen, E. J., Schill, G. P., Freedman, M. A., and Tolbert, M. A.: State transformations and ice nucleation in amorphous (semi-)solid organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5615–5628, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5615-2013, 2013. a
Berkemeier, T., Shiraiwa, M., Pöschl, U., and Koop, T.: Competition between water uptake and ice nucleation by glassy organic aerosol particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 12513–12531, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12513-2014, 2014. a
Charnawskas, J. C., Alpert, P. A., Lambe, A. T., Berkemeier, T., O'Brien, R. E., Massoli, P., Onasch, T. B., Shiraiwa, M., Moffet, R. C., Gilles, M. K., Davidovits, P., Worsnop, D. R., and Knopf, D. A.: Condensed-phase biogenic-anthropogenic interactions with implications for cold cloud formation, Faraday Discuss., 200, 165–194, https://doi.org/10.1039/c7fd00010c, 2017. a
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Observations of low–temperature cirrus clouds have found unexpectedly low ice crystal numbers and high supersaturations, suggesting an incomplete understanding of the freezing mechanisms under these conditions. The existence of viscous organic aerosol has offered alternative ice nucleation pathways, which have been observed in laboratory studies. We have developed the first cloud parcel model to investigate the effect of viscosity on ice nucleation.
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