Articles | Volume 19, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5905-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5905-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
06 May 2019
Research article |
| 06 May 2019
| 06 May 2019
Verification of anthropogenic VOC emission inventory through ambient measurements and satellite retrievals
Jing Li
College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
Yufang Hao
College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
Maimaiti Simayi
College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
Yuqi Shi
College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
Ziyan Xi
College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
Shaodong Xie
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
Related authors
Yuqi Shi, Ziyan Xi, Maimaiti Simayi, Jing Li, and Shaodong Xie
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 9351–9369, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9351-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9351-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Beijing had suffered from severe haze pollution prior to the rigorous emission limitations enacted in 2017. We identified scattered coal burning as the largest contributor to ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the heating season before 2017. The prohibition of scattered coal burning mitigated VOC emissions during winter, but traffic-related sources then became the greatest contributor. However, in other regions, scattered coal burning might still be the key to improve air quality.
Zhier Bao, Xinyi Zhang, Qing Li, Jiawei Zhou, Guangming Shi, Li Zhou, Fumo Yang, Shaodong Xie, Dan Zhang, Chongzhi Zhai, Zhenliang Li, Chao Peng, and Yang Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1147–1167, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1147-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1147-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We characterised non-refractory fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during winter in the Sichuan Basin (SCB), Southwest China. The factors driving severe aerosol pollution were revealed, highlighting the importance of rapid nitrate formation and intensive biomass burning. Nitrate was primarily formed through gas-phase oxidation during daytime and aqueous-phase oxidation during nighttime. Controlling nitrate and biomass burning will benefit the mitigation of haze formation in the SCB.
Jie Ren, Fangfang Guo, and Shaodong Xie
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15035–15047, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15035-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15035-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
O3–NOx–VOC sensitivity in China is diagnosed by deriving regional satellite HCHO / NO2 thresholds between O3 production regimes. VOC-limited regimes are found widely over megacity clusters and developed cities. VOCs and NOx emissions are tracked with satellite HCHO and NO2 to evaluate O3 responses to precursors changes. The significant reduction in NOx emissions without effective VOC control since the Clean Air Action Plan in 2013 is responsible for the increase in O3 concentrations in China.
Jing Cao, Shuping Situ, Yufang Hao, Shaodong Xie, and Lingyu Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2351–2364, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2351-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2351-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Based on localized emission factors and high-resolution vegetation data, we simulated the impacts of BVOC emissions on O3 and SOA during 1981–2018 in China. The interannual variation of BVOC emissions caused by increasing leaf biomass resulted in O3 and SOA concentrations increasing at average annual rates of 0.11 ppb and 0.008 μg m−3, respectively. The results show different variations which can be attributed to the different changing trends of leaf biomass by region and vegetation type.
Bingqing Zhang, Huizhong Shen, Pengfei Liu, Hongyu Guo, Yongtao Hu, Yilin Chen, Shaodong Xie, Ziyan Xi, T. Nash Skipper, and Armistead G. Russell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8341–8356, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8341-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8341-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Extended ground-level measurements are coupled with model simulations to comprehensively compare the aerosol acidity in China and the United States. Aerosols in China are significantly less acidic than those in the United States, with pH values 1–2 units higher. Higher aerosol mass concentrations and the abundance of ammonia and ammonium in China, compared to the United States, are leading causes of the pH difference between these two countries.
Yuqi Shi, Ziyan Xi, Maimaiti Simayi, Jing Li, and Shaodong Xie
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 9351–9369, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9351-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9351-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Beijing had suffered from severe haze pollution prior to the rigorous emission limitations enacted in 2017. We identified scattered coal burning as the largest contributor to ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the heating season before 2017. The prohibition of scattered coal burning mitigated VOC emissions during winter, but traffic-related sources then became the greatest contributor. However, in other regions, scattered coal burning might still be the key to improve air quality.
Zhaofeng Tan, Keding Lu, Meiqing Jiang, Rong Su, Hongli Wang, Shengrong Lou, Qingyan Fu, Chongzhi Zhai, Qinwen Tan, Dingli Yue, Duohong Chen, Zhanshan Wang, Shaodong Xie, Limin Zeng, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3493–3513, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3493-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3493-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated the atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) in four Chinese megacities during photochemically polluted seasons. The chemical production of ozone and particle nitrate was diagnosed through a box model, which can be attributed to daytime radical chemistry. Our work highlights that the formation of both ozone and fine particles is largely driven by the atmospheric radical chemistry in China. Consequently, we suggest future pollution mitigation strategies should consider the role of AOC.
Lingyu Li, Yaqi Li, and Shaodong Xie
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2016-1116, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2016-1116, 2017
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Field measurements of BVOC emissions from 50 plant species in China were performed using a semi-static enclosure system. A statistical approach to estimate the representative emission rates applied in the BVOC emission inventories were developed. The emission intensity categories were produced with more detailed categories, accurate emission rate intervals and representative rates. Isoprene and monoterpene emission rates of 192 plant species/genera in China were determined.
Wei Hu, Min Hu, Wei-Wei Hu, Hongya Niu, Jing Zheng, Yusheng Wu, Wentai Chen, Chen Chen, Lingyu Li, Min Shao, Shaodong Xie, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13213–13230, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13213-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13213-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
An Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight AMS was deployed at a suburban site in the Sichuan Basin, southwestern China, under high emission intensity, and unique geographical and adverse meteorological conditions. OA was the most abundant component (36 %) in PM1, characterized by a relatively high oxidation state. The contributions of BBOA and BC to PM1 were high in primary emission episodes, highlighting the critical influence of biomass burning.
J. Li, S. D. Xie, L. M. Zeng, L. Y. Li, Y. Q. Li, and R. R. Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7945–7959, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7945-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7945-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Ambient VOCs were measured at an urban site in Beijing before, during, and after APEC China 2014, when air quality control measures were implemented. PMF was applied to identify the major VOCs sources and their temporal variations. SOAP approach was used to estimate variations of precursor source contributions to SOA . Our results indicate that the stringent air quality restrictions have been successful, and controls on vehicles were the most important measures to VOCs.
Related subject area
Subject: Gases | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Real-time measurements of non-methane volatile organic compounds in the central Indo-Gangetic basin, Lucknow, India: source characterisation and their role in O3 and secondary organic aerosol formation
Measurement report: Production and loss of atmospheric formaldehyde at a suburban site of Shanghai in summertime
Measurement report: Volatile organic compound characteristics of the different land-use types in Shanghai: spatiotemporal variation, source apportionment and impact on secondary formations of ozone and aerosol
O3–precursor relationship over multiple patterns of timescale: a case study in Zibo, Shandong Province, China
High emission rates and strong temperature response make boreal wetlands a large source of isoprene and terpenes
Elucidate the formation mechanism of particulate nitrate based on direct radical observations in the Yangtze River Delta summer 2019
Pandemic restrictions in 2020 highlight the significance of non-road NOx sources in central London
Measurement report: Emission factors of NH3 and NHx for wildfires and agricultural fires in the United States
Experimental chemical budgets of OH, HO2, and RO2 radicals in rural air in western Germany during the JULIAC campaign 2019
Chemical and dynamical identification of emission outflows during the HALO campaign EMeRGe in Europe and Asia
Flaring efficiencies and NOx emission ratios measured for offshore oil and gas facilities in the North Sea
Measurement report: Long-range transport and the fate of dimethyl sulfide oxidation products in the free troposphere derived from observations at the high-altitude research station Chacaltaya (5240 m a.s.l.) in the Bolivian Andes
Formaldehyde and hydroperoxide distribution around the Arabian Peninsula – evaluation of EMAC model results with ship-based measurements
Heterogeneity and chemical reactivity of the remote troposphere defined by aircraft measurements – corrected
Fundamental oxidation processes in the remote marine atmosphere investigated using the NO–NO2–O3 photostationary state
Measurement report: Molecular-level investigation of atmospheric cluster ions at the tropical high-altitude research station Chacaltaya (5240 m a.s.l.) in the Bolivian Andes
Emission factors and evolution of SO2 measured from biomass burning in wildfires and agricultural fires
Unexpectedly high concentrations of atmospheric mercury species in Lhasa, the largest city on the Tibetan Plateau
Chemical identification of new particle formation and growth precursors through positive matrix factorization of ambient ion measurements
The unexpected high frequency of nocturnal surface ozone enhancement events over China: characteristics and mechanisms
Source apportionment of VOCs, IVOCs and SVOCs by positive matrix factorization in suburban Livermore, California
Measurement report: Intra- and interannual variability and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds during 2018–2020 in Zhengzhou, central China
Formation and impacts of nitryl chloride in Pearl River Delta
Multidecadal increases in global tropospheric ozone derived from ozonesonde and surface site observations: can models reproduce ozone trends?
What caused ozone pollution during the 2022 Shanghai lockdown? Insights from ground and satellite observations
Ammonium adduct chemical ionization to investigate anthropogenic oxygenated gas-phase organic compounds in urban air
Atmospheric biogenic volatile organic compounds in the Alaskan Arctic tundra: constraints from measurements at Toolik Field Station
Are dense networks of low-cost nodes really useful for monitoring air pollution? A case study in Staffordshire
Technical note: Northern midlatitude baseline ozone – long-term changes and the COVID-19 impact
Quantifying the importance of vehicle ammonia emissions in an urban area of northeastern USA utilizing nitrogen isotopes
Seasonal variation in nitryl chloride and its relation to gas-phase precursors during the JULIAC campaign in Germany
Observations of biogenic volatile organic compounds over a mixed temperate forest during the summer to autumn transition
Radical chemistry in the Pearl River Delta: observations and modeling of OH and HO2 radicals in Shenzhen in 2018
Reconciling the total carbon budget for boreal forest wildfire emissions using airborne observations
Summer variability of the atmospheric NO2 : NO ratio at Dome C on the East Antarctic Plateau
Measurement report: Ambient volatile organic compound (VOC) pollution in urban Beijing: characteristics, sources, and implications for pollution control
Mass spectrometric measurements of ambient ions and estimation of gaseous sulfuric acid in the free troposphere and lowermost stratosphere during the CAFE-EU/BLUESKY campaign
Springtime nitrogen oxides and tropospheric ozone in Svalbard: results from the measurement station network
Measurement report: Observations of long-lived volatile organic compounds from the 2019–2020 Australian wildfires during the COALA campaign
Composition and reactivity of volatile organic compounds in the South Coast Air Basin and San Joaquin Valley of California
Analysis of regional CO2 contributions at the high Alpine observatory Jungfraujoch by means of atmospheric transport simulations and δ13C
Variations and sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban region: insights from measurements on a tall tower
Tropical peat fire emissions: 2019 field measurements in Sumatra and Borneo and synthesis with previous studies
Sulfuric acid in the Amazon basin: measurements and evaluation of existing sulfuric acid proxies
Seasonal variation in oxygenated organic molecules in urban Beijing and their contribution to secondary organic aerosol
Oxygenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as significant but varied contributors to VOC emissions from vehicles
The impacts of wildfires on ozone production and boundary layer dynamics in California's Central Valley
Distribution of hydrogen peroxide over Europe during the BLUESKY aircraft campaign
Eddy covariance measurements highlight sources of nitrogen oxide emissions missing from inventories for central London
Budget of nitrous acid (HONO) at an urban site in the fall season of Guangzhou, China
Vaishali Jain, Nidhi Tripathi, Sachchida N. Tripathi, Mansi Gupta, Lokesh K. Sahu, Vishnu Murari, Sreenivas Gaddamidi, Ashutosh K. Shukla, and Andre S. H. Prevot
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3383–3408, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3383-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3383-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This research chemically characterises 173 different NMVOCs (non-methane volatile organic compounds) measured in real time for three seasons in the city of the central Indo-Gangetic basin of India, Lucknow. Receptor modelling is used to analyse probable sources of NMVOCs and their crucial role in forming ozone and secondary organic aerosols. It is observed that vehicular emissions and solid fuel combustion are the highest contributors to the emission of primary and secondary NMVOCs.
Yizhen Wu, Juntao Huo, Gan Yang, Yuwei Wang, Lihong Wang, Shijian Wu, Lei Yao, Qingyan Fu, and Lin Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2997–3014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2997-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2997-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on a field campaign in a suburban area of Shanghai during summer 2021, we calculated formaldehyde (HCHO) production rates from 24 volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In addition, HCHO photolysis, reactions with OH radicals, and dry deposition were considered for the estimation of HCHO loss rates. Our results reveal the key precursors of HCHO and suggest that HCHO wet deposition may be an important loss term on cloudy and rainy days, which needs to be further investigated.
Yu Han, Tao Wang, Rui Li, Hongbo Fu, Yusen Duan, Song Gao, Liwu Zhang, and Jianmin Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2877–2900, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2877-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2877-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Limited knowledge is available on volatile organic compound (VOC) multi-site research of different land-use types at city level. This study performed a concurrent multi-site observation campaign on the three typical land-use types of Shanghai, East China. The results showed that concentrations, sources and ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation potentials of VOCs varied with the land-use types.
Zhensen Zheng, Kangwei Li, Bo Xu, Jianping Dou, Liming Li, Guotao Zhang, Shijie Li, Chunmei Geng, Wen Yang, Merched Azzi, and Zhipeng Bai
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2649–2665, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2649-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2649-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Previous box model studies applied different timescales of observational datasets to identify the O3–precursor relationship, but there is a lack of comparison among these different timescales regarding the impact of O3 formation chemistry. Through a case study at Zibo in China, we find that the O3 formation regime showed overall consistency but non-negligible variability among various patterns of timescale. This would be complementary in developing more accurate O3 pollution control strategies.
Lejish Vettikkat, Pasi Miettinen, Angela Buchholz, Pekka Rantala, Hao Yu, Simon Schallhart, Tuukka Petäjä, Roger Seco, Elisa Männistö, Markku Kulmala, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Alex B. Guenther, and Siegfried Schobesberger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2683–2698, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2683-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2683-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Wetlands cover a substantial fraction of the land mass in the northern latitudes, from northern Europe to Siberia and Canada. Yet, their isoprene and terpene emissions remain understudied. Here, we used a state-of-the-art measurement technique to quantify ecosystem-scale emissions from a boreal wetland during an unusually warm spring/summer. We found that the emissions from this wetland were (a) higher and (b) even more strongly dependent on temperature than commonly thought.
Tianyu Zhai, Keding Lu, Haichao Wang, Shengrong Lou, Xiaorui Chen, Renzhi Hu, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2379–2391, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2379-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2379-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Particulate nitrate is a growing issue in air pollution. Based on comprehensive field measurement, we show heavy nitrate pollution in eastern China in summer. OH reacting with NO2 at daytime dominates nitrate formation on clean days, while N2O5 hydrolysis largely enhances and become comparable with that of OH reacting with O2 on polluted days (67.2 % and 30.2 %). Model simulation indicates that VOC : NOx = 2 : 1 is effective in mitigating the O3 and nitrate pollution coordinately.
Samuel J. Cliff, Will Drysdale, James D. Lee, Carole Helfter, Eiko Nemitz, Stefan Metzger, and Janet F. Barlow
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2315–2330, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2315-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2315-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) to the atmosphere are an ongoing air quality issue. This study directly measures emissions of NOx and carbon dioxide from a tall tower in central London during the coronavirus pandemic. It was found that transport NOx emissions had reduced by >73 % since 2017 as a result of air quality policy and reduced congestion during coronavirus restrictions. During this period, central London was thought to be dominated by point-source heat and power generation emissions.
Laura Tomsche, Felix Piel, Tomas Mikoviny, Claus J. Nielsen, Hongyu Guo, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Benjamin A. Nault, Melinda K. Schueneman, Jose L. Jimenez, Hannah Halliday, Glenn Diskin, Joshua P. DiGangi, John B. Nowak, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Emily Gargulinski, Amber J. Soja, and Armin Wisthaler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2331–2343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2331-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2331-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia (NH3) is an important trace gas in the atmosphere and fires are among the poorly investigated sources. During the 2019 Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) aircraft campaign, we measured gaseous NH3 and particulate ammonium (NH4+) in smoke plumes emitted from 6 wildfires in the Western US and 66 small agricultural fires in the Southeastern US. We herein present a comprehensive set of emission factors of NH3 and NHx, where NHx = NH3 + NH4+.
Changmin Cho, Hendrik Fuchs, Andreas Hofzumahaus, Frank Holland, William J. Bloss, Birger Bohn, Hans-Peter Dorn, Marvin Glowania, Thorsten Hohaus, Lu Liu, Paul S. Monks, Doreen Niether, Franz Rohrer, Roberto Sommariva, Zhaofeng Tan, Ralf Tillmann, Astrid Kiendler-Scharr, Andreas Wahner, and Anna Novelli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2003–2033, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2003-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2003-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
With this study, we investigated the processes leading to the formation, destruction, and recycling of radicals for four seasons in a rural environment. Complete knowledge of their chemistry is needed if we are to predict the formation of secondary pollutants from primary emissions. The results highlight a still incomplete understanding of the paths leading to the formation of the OH radical, which has been observed in several other environments as well and needs to be further investigated.
Eric Förster, Harald Bönisch, Marco Neumaier, Florian Obersteiner, Andreas Zahn, Andreas Hilboll, Anna B. Kalisz Hedegaard, Nikos Daskalakis, Alexandros Panagiotis Poulidis, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Michael Lichtenstern, and Peter Braesicke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1893–1918, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1893-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1893-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The airborne megacity campaign EMeRGe provided an unprecedented amount of trace gas measurements. We combine measured volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with trajectory-modelled emission uptakes to identify potential source regions of pollution. We also characterise the chemical fingerprints (e.g. biomass burning and anthropogenic signatures) of the probed air masses to corroborate the contributing source regions. Our approach is the first large-scale study of VOCs originating from megacities.
Jacob T. Shaw, Amy Foulds, Shona Wilde, Patrick Barker, Freya A. Squires, James Lee, Ruth Purvis, Ralph Burton, Ioana Colfescu, Stephen Mobbs, Samuel Cliff, Stéphane J.-B. Bauguitte, Stuart Young, Stefan Schwietzke, and Grant Allen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1491–1509, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1491-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1491-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Flaring is used by the oil and gas sector to dispose of unwanted natural gas or for safety. However, few studies have assessed the efficiency with which the gas is combusted. We sampled flaring emissions from offshore facilities in the North Sea. Average measured flaring efficiencies were ~ 98 % but with a skewed distribution, including many flares of lower efficiency. NOx and ethane emissions were also measured. Inefficient flaring practices could be a target for mitigating carbon emissions.
Wiebke Scholz, Jiali Shen, Diego Aliaga, Cheng Wu, Samara Carbone, Isabel Moreno, Qiaozhi Zha, Wei Huang, Liine Heikkinen, Jean Luc Jaffrezo, Gaelle Uzu, Eva Partoll, Markus Leiminger, Fernando Velarde, Paolo Laj, Patrick Ginot, Paolo Artaxo, Alfred Wiedensohler, Markku Kulmala, Claudia Mohr, Marcos Andrade, Victoria Sinclair, Federico Bianchi, and Armin Hansel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 895–920, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-895-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-895-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS), emitted from the ocean, is the most abundant biogenic sulfur emission into the atmosphere. OH radicals, among others, can oxidize DMS to sulfuric and methanesulfonic acid, which are relevant for aerosol formation. We quantified DMS and nearly all DMS oxidation products with novel mass spectrometric instruments for gas and particle phase at the high mountain station Chacaltaya (5240 m a.s.l.) in the Bolivian Andes in free tropospheric air after long-range transport.
Dirk Dienhart, Bettina Brendel, John N. Crowley, Philipp G. Eger, Hartwig Harder, Monica Martinez, Andrea Pozzer, Roland Rohloff, Jan Schuladen, Sebastian Tauer, David Walter, Jos Lelieveld, and Horst Fischer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 119–142, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-119-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-119-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Formaldehyde and hydroperoxide measurements were performed in the marine boundary layer around the Arabian Peninsula and highlight the Suez Canal and Arabian (Persian) Gulf as a hotspot of photochemical air pollution. A comparison with the EMAC model shows that the formaldehyde results match within a factor of 2, while hydrogen peroxide was overestimated by more than a factor of 5, which revealed enhanced HOx (OH+HO2) radicals in the simulation and an underestimation of dry deposition velocites.
Hao Guo, Clare M. Flynn, Michael J. Prather, Sarah A. Strode, Stephen D. Steenrod, Louisa Emmons, Forrest Lacey, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Arlene M. Fiore, Gus Correa, Lee T. Murray, Glenn M. Wolfe, Jason M. St. Clair, Michelle Kim, John Crounse, Glenn Diskin, Joshua DiGangi, Bruce C. Daube, Roisin Commane, Kathryn McKain, Jeff Peischl, Thomas B. Ryerson, Chelsea Thompson, Thomas F. Hanisco, Donald Blake, Nicola J. Blake, Eric C. Apel, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, James W. Elkins, Eric J. Hintsa, Fred L. Moore, and Steven C. Wofsy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 99–117, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-99-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-99-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We have prepared a unique and unusual result from the recent ATom aircraft mission: a measurement-based derivation of the production and loss rates of ozone and methane over the ocean basins. These are the key products of chemistry models used in assessments but have thus far lacked observational metrics. It also shows the scales of variability of atmospheric chemical rates and provides a major challenge to the atmospheric models.
Simone T. Andersen, Beth S. Nelson, Katie A. Read, Shalini Punjabi, Luis Neves, Matthew J. Rowlinson, James Hopkins, Tomás Sherwen, Lisa K. Whalley, James D. Lee, and Lucy J. Carpenter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15747–15765, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15747-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15747-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The cycling of NO and NO2 is important to understand to be able to predict O3 concentrations in the atmosphere. We have used long-term measurements from the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory together with model outputs to investigate the cycling of nitrogen oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in very clean marine air. This study shows that we understand the processes occurring in very clean air, but with small amounts of pollution in the air, known chemistry cannot explain what is observed.
Qiaozhi Zha, Wei Huang, Diego Aliaga, Otso Peräkylä, Liine Heikkinen, Alkuin Maximilian Koenig, Cheng Wu, Joonas Enroth, Yvette Gramlich, Jing Cai, Samara Carbone, Armin Hansel, Tuukka Petäjä, Markku Kulmala, Douglas Worsnop, Victoria Sinclair, Radovan Krejci, Marcos Andrade, Claudia Mohr, and Federico Bianchi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1182, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1182, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the chemical composition of atmospheric cluster ions from Jan to May 2018 at high-altitude research station Chacaltaya (5240 m a.s.l.) in the Bolivian Andes. Combined with state-of-the-art mass spectrometers and air mass history analysis, the measured cluster ions exhibited distinct diurnal and seasonal patterns, some of which contributed to new particle formation. Our study will improve the understanding of atmospheric ions and their role in high-altitude new particle formation.
Pamela S. Rickly, Hongyu Guo, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jose L. Jimenez, Glenn M. Wolfe, Ryan Bennett, Ilann Bourgeois, John D. Crounse, Jack E. Dibb, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Maximilian Dollner, Emily M. Gargulinski, Samuel R. Hall, Hannah S. Halliday, Thomas F. Hanisco, Reem A. Hannun, Jin Liao, Richard Moore, Benjamin A. Nault, John B. Nowak, Jeff Peischl, Claire E. Robinson, Thomas Ryerson, Kevin J. Sanchez, Manuel Schöberl, Amber J. Soja, Jason M. St. Clair, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Kirk Ullmann, Paul O. Wennberg, Bernadett Weinzierl, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Edward L. Winstead, and Andrew W. Rollins
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15603–15620, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15603-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15603-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Biomass burning sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission factors range from 0.27–1.1 g kg-1 C. Biomass burning SO2 can quickly form sulfate and organosulfur, but these pathways are dependent on liquid water content and pH. Hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) appears to be directly emitted from some fire sources but is not the sole contributor to the organosulfur signal. It is shown that HMS and organosulfur chemistry may be an important S(IV) reservoir with the fate dependent on the surrounding conditions.
Huiming Lin, Yindong Tong, Long Chen, Chenghao Yu, Zhaohan Chu, Qianru Zhang, Xiufeng Yin, Qianggong Zhang, Shichang Kang, Junfeng Liu, James Schauer, Benjamin de Foy, and Xuejun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-750, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-750, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
Lhasa is the largest city on the Tibetan Plateau and its atmospheric mercury concentrations represent the highest level of pollution in this region. Unexpectedly high concentrations of atmospheric mercury species were found. Combined with the trajectory analysis, the high atmospheric mercury concentrations may have originated from external long-range transport. Local sources, especially special mercury-related sources, are important factors influencing the variability of atmospheric mercury.
Daniel John Katz, Aroob Abdelhamid, Harald Stark, Manjula R. Canagaratna, Douglas R. Worsnop, and Eleanor C. Browne
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1318, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1318, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ambient ion chemical composition measurements provide insight into trace gases that are precursors for the formation and growth of new aerosol particles. We use a new data analysis approach to increase the chemical information from these measurements. We analyze results from an agricultural region – an understudied land use type that is ~41 % of global land use – and find that the composition of gases important for aerosol formation and growth differ significantly from those in other ecosystems.
Cheng He, Xiao Lu, Haolin Wang, Haichao Wang, Yan Li, Guowen He, Yuanping He, Yurun Wang, Youlang Zhang, Yiming Liu, Qi Fan, and Shaojia Fan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15243–15261, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15243-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15243-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We report that nocturnal ozone enhancement (NOE) events are observed at a high annual frequency of 41 % over 800 sites in China in 2014–2019 (about 50 % higher than that over Europe or the US). High daytime ozone provides a rich ozone source in the nighttime residual layer, determining the overall high frequency of NOE events in China, and enhanced atmospheric mixing then triggers NOE events by allowing the ozone-rich air in the residual layer to be mixed into the nighttime boundary layer.
Rebecca A. Wernis, Nathan M. Kreisberg, Robert J. Weber, Greg T. Drozd, and Allen H. Goldstein
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14987–15019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14987-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14987-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We measured volatile and intermediate-volatility gases and semivolatile gas- and particle-phase compounds in the atmosphere during an 11 d period in a Bay Area suburb. We separated compounds based on variability in time to arrive at 13 distinct sources. Some compounds emitted from plants are found in greater quantities as fragrance compounds in consumer products. The wide volatility range of these measurements enables the construction of more complete source profiles.
Shijie Yu, Shenbo Wang, Ruixin Xu, Dong Zhang, Meng Zhang, Fangcheng Su, Xuan Lu, Xiao Li, Ruiqin Zhang, and Lingling Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14859–14878, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14859-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14859-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, the hourly data of 57 VOC species were collected during 2018–2020 at an urban site in Zhengzhou, China. The research of concentrations, source apportionment, and atmospheric environmental implications clearly elucidated the differences in major reactants observed in different seasons and years. Therefore, the control strategy should focus on key species and sources among interannual and seasonal variations. The results can provide references to develop control strategies.
Haichao Wang, Bin Yuan, E Zheng, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Jie Wang, Keding Lu, Chenshuo Ye, Lei Yang, Shan Huang, Weiwei Hu, Suxia Yang, Yuwen Peng, Jipeng Qi, Sihang Wang, Xianjun He, Yubin Chen, Tiange Li, Wenjie Wang, Yibo Huangfu, Xiaobing Li, Mingfu Cai, Xuemei Wang, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14837–14858, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14837-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14837-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present intensive field measurement of ClNO2 in the Pearl River Delta in 2019. Large variation in the level, formation, and atmospheric impacts of ClNO2 was found in different air masses. ClNO2 formation was limited by the particulate chloride (Cl−) and aerosol surface area. Our results reveal that Cl− originated from various anthropogenic emissions rather than sea sources and show minor contribution to the O3 pollution and photochemistry.
Amy Christiansen, Loretta J. Mickley, Junhua Liu, Luke D. Oman, and Lu Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14751–14782, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14751-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14751-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding tropospheric ozone trends is crucial for accurate predictions of future air quality and climate, but drivers of trends are not well understood. We analyze global tropospheric ozone trends since 1980 using ozonesonde and surface measurements, and we evaluate two models for their ability to reproduce trends. We find observational evidence of increasing tropospheric ozone, but models underestimate these increases. This hinders our ability to estimate ozone radiative forcing.
Yue Tan and Tao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14455–14466, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14455-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14455-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a timely analysis of the effects of the recent lockdown in Shanghai on ground-level ozone (O3). Despite a huge reduction in human activity, O3 concentrations frequently exceeded the O3 air quality standard during the 2-month lockdown, implying that future emission reductions similar to those that occurred during the lockdown will not be sufficient to eliminate O3 pollution in many urban areas without the imposition of additional VOC controls or substantial decreases in NOx emissions.
Peeyush Khare, Jordan E. Krechmer, Jo E. Machesky, Tori Hass-Mitchell, Cong Cao, Junqi Wang, Francesca Majluf, Felipe Lopez-Hilfiker, Sonja Malek, Will Wang, Karl Seltzer, Havala O. T. Pye, Roisin Commane, Brian C. McDonald, Ricardo Toledo-Crow, John E. Mak, and Drew R. Gentner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14377–14399, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14377-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14377-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonium adduct chemical ionization is used to examine the atmospheric abundances of oxygenated volatile organic compounds associated with emissions from volatile chemical products, which are now key contributors of reactive precursors to ozone and secondary organic aerosols in urban areas. The application of this valuable measurement approach in densely populated New York City enables the evaluation of emissions inventories and thus the role these oxygenated compounds play in urban air quality.
Vanessa Selimovic, Damien Ketcherside, Sreelekha Chaliyakunnel, Catherine Wielgasz, Wade Permar, Hélène Angot, Dylan B. Millet, Alan Fried, Detlev Helmig, and Lu Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14037–14058, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14037-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14037-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic warming has led to an increase in plants that emit gases in response to stress, but how these gases affect regional chemistry is largely unknown due to lack of observational data. Here we present the most comprehensive gas-phase measurements for this area to date and compare them to predictions from a global transport model. We report 78 gas-phase species and investigate their importance to atmospheric chemistry in the area, with broader implications for similar plant types.
Louise Bøge Frederickson, Ruta Sidaraviciute, Johan Albrecht Schmidt, Ole Hertel, and Matthew Stanley Johnson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13949–13965, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13949-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13949-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Low-cost sensors see additional pollution that is not seen with traditional regional air quality monitoring stations. This additional local pollution is sufficient to cause exceedance of the World Health Organization exposure thresholds. Analysis shows that a significant amount of the NO2 pollution we observe is local, mainly due to road traffic. This article demonstrates how networks of nodes containing low-cost pollution sensors can powerfully extend existing monitoring programmes.
David D. Parrish, Richard G. Derwent, Ian C. Faloona, and Charles A. Mims
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13423–13430, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13423-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13423-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Accounting for the continuing long-term decrease of pollution ozone and the large 2020 Arctic stratospheric ozone depletion event improves estimates of background ozone changes caused by COVID-19-related emission reductions; they are smaller than reported earlier. Cooperative, international emission control efforts aimed at maximizing the ongoing decrease in hemisphere-wide background ozone may be the most effective approach to improving ozone pollution in northern midlatitude countries.
Wendell W. Walters, Madeline Karod, Emma Willcocks, Bok H. Baek, Danielle E. Blum, and Meredith G. Hastings
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13431–13448, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13431-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13431-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric ammonia and its products are a significant source of urban haze and nitrogen deposition. We have investigated the seasonal source contributions to a mid-sized city in the northeastern US megalopolis utilizing geospatial statistical analysis and novel isotopic constraints, which indicate that vehicle emissions were significant components of the urban-reduced nitrogen budget. Reducing vehicle ammonia emissions should be considered to improve ecosystems and human health.
Zhaofeng Tan, Hendrik Fuchs, Andreas Hofzumahaus, William J. Bloss, Birger Bohn, Changmin Cho, Thorsten Hohaus, Frank Holland, Chandrakiran Lakshmisha, Lu Liu, Paul S. Monks, Anna Novelli, Doreen Niether, Franz Rohrer, Ralf Tillmann, Thalassa S. E. Valkenburg, Vaishali Vardhan, Astrid Kiendler-Scharr, Andreas Wahner, and Roberto Sommariva
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13137–13152, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13137-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13137-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
During the 2019 JULIAC campaign, ClNO2 was measured at a rural site in Germany in different seasons. The highest ClNO2 level was 1.6 ppbv in September. ClNO2 production was more sensitive to the availability of NO2 than O3. The average ClNO2 production efficiency was up to 18 % in February and September and down to 3 % in December. These numbers are at the high end of the values reported in the literature, indicating the importance of ClNO2 chemistry in rural environments in midwestern Europe.
Michael P. Vermeuel, Gordon A. Novak, Delaney B. Kilgour, Megan S. Claflin, Brian M. Lerner, Amy M. Trowbridge, Jonathan Thom, Patricia A. Cleary, Ankur R. Desai, and Timothy H. Bertram
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1015, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1015, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Reactive carbon species that are emitted from natural sources such as forests play an important role in the chemistry of the atmosphere. Although we can predict emissions of these chemicals by knowing meteorology and plant type, it is difficult to predict during seasonal transitions. Because of this we made measurements of reactive carbon in a forest during the summer to autumn transition and learned that concentrations and emissions are larger than we would have predicted in models.
Xinping Yang, Keding Lu, Xuefei Ma, Yue Gao, Zhaofeng Tan, Haichao Wang, Xiaorui Chen, Xin Li, Xiaofeng Huang, Lingyan He, Mengxue Tang, Bo Zhu, Shiyi Chen, Huabin Dong, Limin Zeng, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12525–12542, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12525-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12525-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present the OH and HO2 radical observations at the Shenzhen site (Pearl River Delta, China) in the autumn of 2018. The diurnal maxima were 4.5 × 106 cm−3 for OH and 4.2 × 108 cm−3 for HO2 (including an estimated interference of 23 %–28 % from RO2 radicals during the daytime). The OH underestimation was identified again, and it was attributable to the missing OH sources. HO2 heterogeneous uptake, ROx sources and sinks, and the atmospheric oxidation capacity were evaluated as well.
Katherine L. Hayden, Shao-Meng Li, John Liggio, Michael J. Wheeler, Jeremy J. B. Wentzell, Amy Leithead, Peter Brickell, Richard L. Mittermeier, Zachary Oldham, Cristian M. Mihele, Ralf M. Staebler, Samar G. Moussa, Andrea Darlington, Mengistu Wolde, Daniel Thompson, Jack Chen, Debora Griffin, Ellen Eckert, Jenna C. Ditto, Megan He, and Drew R. Gentner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12493–12523, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12493-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12493-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, airborne measurements provided the most detailed characterization, to date, of boreal forest wildfire emissions. Measurements showed a large diversity of air pollutants expanding the volatility range typically reported. A large portion of organic species was unidentified, likely comprised of complex organic compounds. Aircraft-derived emissions improve wildfire chemical speciation and can support reliable model predictions of pollution from boreal forest wildfires.
Albane Barbero, Roberto Grilli, Markus M. Frey, Camille Blouzon, Detlev Helmig, Nicolas Caillon, and Joël Savarino
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12025–12054, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12025-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12025-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The high reactivity of the summer Antarctic boundary layer results in part from the emissions of nitrogen oxides produced during photo-denitrification of the snowpack, but its underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The results of this study suggest that more NO2 is produced from the snowpack early in the photolytic season, possibly due to stronger UV irradiance caused by a smaller solar zenith angle near the solstice.
Lulu Cui, Di Wu, Shuxiao Wang, Qingcheng Xu, Ruolan Hu, and Jiming Hao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11931–11944, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11931-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11931-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A 1-year campaign was conducted to characterize VOCs at a Beijing urban site during different episodes. VOCs from fuel evaporation and diesel exhaust, particularly toluene, xylenes, trans-2-butene, acrolein, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, 1-butene, and 1-hexene, were the main contributors. VOCs from diesel exhaust as well as coal and biomass combustion were found to be the dominant contributors for SOAFP, particularly the VOC species toluene, 1-hexene, xylenes, ethylbenzene, and styrene.
Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek, Martin Heinritzi, Manuel Granzin, Timo Keber, Andreas Kürten, Katharina Kaiser, Johannes Schneider, and Joachim Curtius
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11781–11794, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11781-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11781-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present measurements of ambient ions in the free troposphere and lower stratosphere over Europe in spring 2020. We observed nitrate and hydrogen sulfate, amongst others. From their ratio, the number concentrations of gaseous sulfuric acid were inferred. Nitrate increased towards the stratosphere, whilst sulfuric acid was slightly decreased there. The average values for sulfuric acid were 1.9 to 7.8 × 105 cm-3. Protonated pyridine was identified in an altitude range of 4.6 to 8.5 km.
Alena Dekhtyareva, Mark Hermanson, Anna Nikulina, Ove Hermansen, Tove Svendby, Kim Holmén, and Rune Grand Graversen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11631–11656, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11631-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11631-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Despite decades of industrial activity in Svalbard, there is no continuous air pollution monitoring in the region’s settlements except Ny-Ålesund. The NOx and O3 observations from the three-station network have been compared for the first time in this study. It has been shown how the large-scale weather regimes control the synoptic meteorological conditions and determine the atmospheric long-range transport pathways and efficiency of local air pollution dispersion.
Asher P. Mouat, Clare Paton-Walsh, Jack B. Simmons, Jhonathan Ramirez-Gamboa, David W. T. Griffith, and Jennifer Kaiser
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11033–11047, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11033-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11033-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We examine emissions of volatile organic compounds from 2020 wildfires in forested regions of Australia (AU). We find that biomass burning in temperate regions of the US and AU emit similar species in similar proportion, both in natural and lab settings. This suggests studies of wildfires in one region may be used to help improve air quality models in other parts of the world. We observe time series of ozone and nitrogen dioxide. Last, we look at which compounds contribute most to OH reactivity.
Shang Liu, Barbara Barletta, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, Alan Fried, Jeff Peischl, Simone Meinardi, Matthew Coggon, Aaron Lamplugh, Jessica B. Gilman, Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Carsten Warneke, Eric C. Apel, Alan J. Hills, Ilann Bourgeois, James Walega, Petter Weibring, Dirk Richter, Toshihiro Kuwayama, Michael FitzGibbon, and Donald Blake
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10937–10954, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10937-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10937-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
California’s ozone persistently exceeds the air quality standards. We studied the spatial distribution of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that produce ozone over the most polluted regions in California using aircraft measurements. We find that the oxygenated VOCs have the highest ozone formation potential. Spatially, biogenic VOCs are important during high ozone episodes in the South Coast Air Basin, while dairy emissions may be critical for ozone production in San Joaquin Valley.
Simone M. Pieber, Béla Tuzson, Stephan Henne, Ute Karstens, Christoph Gerbig, Frank-Thomas Koch, Dominik Brunner, Martin Steinbacher, and Lukas Emmenegger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10721–10749, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10721-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10721-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding regional greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere is a prerequisite to mitigate climate change. In this study, we investigated the regional contributions of carbon dioxide (CO2) at the location of the high Alpine observatory Jungfraujoch (JFJ, Switzerland, 3580 m a.s.l.). To this purpose, we combined receptor-oriented atmospheric transport simulations for CO2 concentration in the period 2009–2017 with stable carbon isotope (δ13C–CO2) information.
Xiao-Bing Li, Bin Yuan, Sihang Wang, Chunlin Wang, Jing Lan, Zhijie Liu, Yongxin Song, Xianjun He, Yibo Huangfu, Chenglei Pei, Peng Cheng, Suxia Yang, Jipeng Qi, Caihong Wu, Shan Huang, Yingchang You, Ming Chang, Huadan Zheng, Wenda Yang, Xuemei Wang, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10567–10587, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10567-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10567-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
High-time-resolution measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were made using an online mass spectrometer at a 600 m tall tower in urban region. Compositions, temporal variations, and sources of VOCs were quantitatively investigated in this study. We find that VOC measurements in urban regions aloft could better characterize source characteristics of anthropogenic emissions. Our results could provide important implications in making future strategies for control of VOCs.
Robert J. Yokelson, Bambang H. Saharjo, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Erianto I. Putra, Thilina Jayarathne, Acep Akbar, Israr Albar, Donald R. Blake, Laura L. B. Graham, Agus Kurniawan, Simone Meinardi, Diah Ningrum, Ati D. Nurhayati, Asmadi Saad, Niken Sakuntaladewi, Eko Setianto, Isobel J. Simpson, Elizabeth A. Stone, Sigit Sutikno, Andri Thomas, Kevin C. Ryan, and Mark A. Cochrane
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10173–10194, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10173-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10173-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fire plus non-fire GHG emissions associated with draining peatlands are the largest per area of any land use change considered by the IPCC. To characterize average and variability for tropical peat fire emissions, highly mobile smoke sampling teams were deployed across four Indonesian provinces to explore an extended interannual, climatic, and spatial range. Large adjustments to IPCC-recommended emissions are suggested. Lab data bolster an extensive emissions database for tropical peat fires.
Deanna C. Myers, Saewung Kim, Steven Sjostedt, Alex B. Guenther, Roger Seco, Oscar Vega Bustillos, Julio Tota, Rodrigo A. F. Souza, and James N. Smith
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10061–10076, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10061-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10061-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first measurements of gas-phase sulfuric acid from the Amazon basin and evaluate the efficacy of existing sulfuric acid parameterizations in this understudied region. Sulfuric acid is produced during the daytime and nighttime, though current proxies underestimate nighttime production. These results illustrate the need for better parameterizations of sulfuric acid and its precursors that are informed by measurements across a broad range of locations.
Yishuo Guo, Chao Yan, Yuliang Liu, Xiaohui Qiao, Feixue Zheng, Ying Zhang, Ying Zhou, Chang Li, Xiaolong Fan, Zhuohui Lin, Zemin Feng, Yusheng Zhang, Penggang Zheng, Linhui Tian, Wei Nie, Zhe Wang, Dandan Huang, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Lei Yao, Lubna Dada, Federico Bianchi, Jingkun Jiang, Yongchun Liu, Veli-Matti Kerminen, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10077–10097, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10077-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10077-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Gaseous oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs) are able to form atmospheric aerosols, which will impact on human health and climate change. Here, we find that OOMs in urban Beijing are dominated by anthropogenic sources, i.e. aromatic (29 %–41 %) and aliphatic (26 %–41 %) OOMs. They are also the main contributors to the condensational growth of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). Therefore, the restriction on anthropogenic VOCs is crucial for the reduction of SOAs and haze formation.
Sihang Wang, Bin Yuan, Caihong Wu, Chaomin Wang, Tiange Li, Xianjun He, Yibo Huangfu, Jipeng Qi, Xiao-Bing Li, Qing'e Sha, Manni Zhu, Shengrong Lou, Hongli Wang, Thomas Karl, Martin Graus, Zibing Yuan, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9703–9720, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9703-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9703-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from vehicles are measured using online mass spectrometers. Differences between gasoline and diesel vehicles are observed with higher emission factors of most oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) and heavier aromatics from diesel vehicles. A higher aromatics / toluene ratio could provide good indicators to distinguish emissions from both vehicle types. We show that OVOCs account for significant contributions to VOC emissions from vehicles, especially diesel vehicles.
Keming Pan and Ian C. Faloona
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9681–9702, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9681-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9681-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work represents a unique analysis of 10 existing air quality network sites and meteorological sites, two AmeriFlux sites, and a radio acoustic sounding system in the Central Valley of California during five consecutive fire seasons, June through September, from 2016 to 2020. We find that the ozone production rate increases by ~ 50 % during wildfire influenced periods. Wildfire smoke also decreases the heat flux by 30 % and results in 12 % lower mixed-layer height.
Zaneta T. Hamryszczak, Andrea Pozzer, Florian Obersteiner, Birger Bohn, Benedikt Steil, Jos Lelieveld, and Horst Fischer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9483–9497, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9483-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9483-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrogen peroxide plays a pivotal role in the chemistry of the atmosphere. Together with organic hydroperoxides, it forms a reservoir for peroxy radicals, which are known to be the key contributors to the self-cleaning processes of the atmosphere. Hydroperoxides were measured over Europe during the BLUESKY campaign in May–June 2020. The paper gives an overview of the distribution of the species in the troposphere and investigates the impact of wet scavenging and deposition on the budget of H2O2.
Will S. Drysdale, Adam R. Vaughan, Freya A. Squires, Sam J. Cliff, Stefan Metzger, David Durden, Natchaya Pingintha-Durden, Carole Helfter, Eiko Nemitz, C. Sue B. Grimmond, Janet Barlow, Sean Beevers, Gregor Stewart, David Dajnak, Ruth M. Purvis, and James D. Lee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9413–9433, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9413-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9413-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of NOx emissions are important for a good understanding of air quality. While there are many direct measurements of NOx concentration, there are very few measurements of its emission. Measurements of emissions provide constraints on emissions inventories and air quality models. This article presents measurements of NOx emission from the BT Tower in central London in 2017 and compares them with inventories, finding that they underestimate by a factor of ∼1.48.
Yihang Yu, Peng Cheng, Huirong Li, Wenda Yang, Baobin Han, Wei Song, Weiwei Hu, Xinming Wang, Bin Yuan, Min Shao, Zhijiong Huang, Zhen Li, Junyu Zheng, Haichao Wang, and Xiaofang Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8951–8971, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8951-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8951-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We have investigated the budget of HONO at an urban site in Guangzhou. Budget and comprehensive uncertainty analysis suggest that at such locations as ours, HONO direct emissions and NO + OH can become comparable or even surpass other HONO sources that typically receive greater attention and interest, such as the NO2 heterogeneous source and the unknown daytime photolytic source. Our findings emphasize the need to reduce the uncertainties of both conventional and novel HONO sources and sinks.
Cited articles
Andersson, A., Deng, J., Du, K., Zheng, M., Yan, C., Sköld, M., and
Gustafsson, Ö.: Regionally-Varying Combustion Sources of the January 2013
Severe Haze Events over Eastern China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 2038–2043,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es503855e, 2015.
Bari, M. A., Kindzierski, W. B., and Spink, D.: Twelve-year trends in ambient c
oncentrations of volatile organic compounds in a community of the Alberta Oil
Sands Region, Canada, Environ. Int., 91, 40–50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.02.015, 2016.
Barletta, B., Meinardi, S., Sherwood Rowland, F., Chan, C.-Y., Wang, X., Zou,
S., Yin Chan, L., and Blake, D. R.: Volatile organic compounds in 43 Chinese
cities, Atmos. Environ., 39, 5979–5990, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.06.029, 2005.
Bauwens, M., Stavrakou, T., Müller, J.-F., De Smedt, I., Van Roozendael, M.,
van der Werf, G. R., Wiedinmyer, C., Kaiser, J. W., Sindelarova, K., and
Guenther, A.: Nine years of global hydrocarbon emissions based on source
inversion of OMI formaldehyde observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10133–10158,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10133-2016, 2016.
Bo, Y., Cai, H., and Xie, S. D.: Spatial and temporal variation of historical
anthropogenic NMVOCs emission inventories in China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8,
7297–7316, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-7297-2008, 2008.
Borbon, A., Gilman, J. B., Kuster, W. C., Grand, N., Chevaillier, S., Colomb,
A., Dolgorouky, C., Gros, V., Lopez, M., Sarda-Esteve, R., Holloway, J., Stutz,
J., Petetin, H., McKeen, S., Beekmann, M., Warneke, C., Parrish, D. D., and
de Gouw, J. A.: Emission ratios of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds in
northern mid-latitude megacities: Observations versus emission inventories in
Los Angeles and Paris, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 2041–2057, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50059, 2013.
Cai, H. and Xie, S.: Temporal and spatial variation in recent vehicular emission
inventories in China based on dynamic emission factors, J. Air. Waste Manage.,
63, 310–326, https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2012.755138, 2013.
Cao, H., Fu, T.-M., Zhang, L., Henze, D. K., Miller, C. C., Lerot, C., Abad,
G. G., De Smedt, I., Zhang, Q., van Roozendael, M., Hendrick, F., Chance, K.,
Li, J., Zheng, J., and Zhao, Y.: Adjoint inversion of Chinese non-methane
volatile organic compound emissions using space-based observations of formaldehyde
and glyoxal, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 15017–15046, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15017-2018, 2018.
Carmichael, G. R., Tang, Y., Kurata, G., Uno, I., Streets, D., Woo, J. H.,
Huang, H., Yienger, J., Lefer, B., Shetter, R., Blake, D., Atlas, E., Fried,
A., Apel, E., Eisele, F., Cantrell, C., Avery, M., Barrick, J., Sachse, G.,
Brune, W., Sandholm, S., Kondo, Y., Singh, H., Talbot, R., Bandy, A., Thorton,
D., Clarke, A., and Heikes, B.: Regional-scale chemical transport modeling in
support of the analysis of observations obtained during the TRACE-P experiment,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 8823, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd003117, 2003.
Coll, I., Rousseau, C., Barletta, B., Meinardi, S., and Blake, D. R.: Evaluation
of an urban NMHC emission inventory by measurements and impact on CTM results,
Atmos. Environ., 44, 3843–3855, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.05.042, 2010.
De Smedt, I., Stavrakou, T., Hendrick, F., Danckaert, T., Vlemmix, T., Pinardi,
G., Theys, N., Lerot, C., Gielen, C., Vigouroux, C., Hermans, C., Fayt, C.,
Veefkind, P., Müller, J. F., and Van Roozendael, M.: Diurnal, seasonal and
long-term variations of global formaldehyde columns inferred from combined OMI
and GOME-2 observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 12519–12545, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12519-2015, 2015.
EEA: Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Guidebook, EEA technical Report No. 12,
available at: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2013
(last access: October 2015), 2013.
Fu, T.-M., Jacob, D. J., Palmer, P. I., Chance, K., Wang, Y. X., Barletta, B.,
Blake, D. R., Stanton, J. C., and Pilling, M. J.: Space-based formaldehyde
measurements as constraints on volatile organic compound emissions in east and
south Asia and implications for ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D06312,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jd007853, 2007.
Gaimoz, C., Sauvage, S., Gros, V., Herrmann, F., Williams, J., Locoge, N.,
Perrussel, O., Bonsang, B., d'Argouges, O., Sarda-Esteve, R., and Sciare, J.:
Volatile organic compounds sources in Paris in spring 2007. Part II: source
apportionment using positive matrix factorisation, Environ. Chem., 8, 91–103,
https://doi.org/10.1071/en10067, 2011.
Guenther, A., Karl, T., Harley, P., Wiedinmyer, C., Palmer, P. I., and Geron,
C.: Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of
Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3181–3210,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3181-2006, 2006.
Guenther, A. B., Jiang, X., Heald, C. L., Sakulyanontvittaya, T., Duhl, T.,
Emmons, L. K., and Wang, X.: The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from
Nature version 2.1 (MEGAN2.1): an extended and updated framework for modeling
biogenic emissions, Geosci. Model Dev., 5, 1471–1492, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1471-2012, 2012.
Guo, J., Huang, Y., and Wei, C.: North–South debate on district heating:
Evidence from a household survey, Energ. Policy, 86, 295–302, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2015.07.017, 2015.
Hodzic, A., Jimenez, J. L., Madronich, S., Canagaratna, M. R., DeCarlo, P. F.,
Kleinman, L., and Fast, J.: Modeling organic aerosols in a megacity: potential
contribution of semi-volatile and intermediate volatility primary organic
compounds to secondary organic aerosol formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10,
5491–5514, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5491-2010, 2010.
Hooyberghs, H., Veldeman, N., and Maiheu, B.: Marco Polo Emission Inventory for
East-China: Basic Description, available at: http://www.marcopolo-panda.eu/wp/internal/wp-content/uploads/2016/10
(last access: March 2019), 2016.
Hsu, Y.-K., VanCuren, T., Park, S., Jakober, C., Herner, J., FitzGibbon, M.,
Blake, D. R., and Parrish, D. D.: Methane emissions inventory verification in
southern California, Atmos. Environ., 44, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.10.002, 2010.
Hu, J., Li, X., Huang, L., Ying, Q., Zhang, Q., Zhao, B., Wang, S., and Zhang,
H.: Ensemble prediction of air quality using the WRF/CMAQ model system for
health effect studies in China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 13103–13118,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13103-2017, 2017.
Huang, G., Brook, R., Crippa, M., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Schieberle, C., Dore,
C., Guizzardi, D., Muntean, M., Schaaf, E., and Friedrich, R.: Speciation of
anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds: a global
gridded data set for 1970–2012, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 7683–7701,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7683-2017, 2017.
Janssens-Maenhout, G., Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Dentener, F., Muntean, M.,
Pouliot, G., Keating, T., Zhang, Q., Kurokawa, J., Wankmüller, R., Denier
van der Gon, H., Kuenen, J. J. P., Klimont, Z., Frost, G., Darras, S., Koffi,
B., and Li, M.: HTAP_v2.2: a mosaic of regional and global emission grid maps
for 2008 and 2010 to study hemispheric transport of air pollution, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 15, 11411–11432, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11411-2015, 2015.
Jiang, C., Wang, H., Zhao, T., Li, T., and Che, H.: Modeling study of PM2.5
pollutant transport across cities in China's Jing–Jin–Ji region during a
severe haze episode in December 2013, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5803–5814,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5803-2015, 2015.
Kansal, A.: Sources and reactivity of NMHCs and VOCs in the atmosphere: A
review, J. Hazard. Mater., 166, 17–26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.11.048, 2009.
Katzenstein, A. S., Doezema, L. A., Simpson, I. J., Balke, D. R., and Rowland,
F. S.: Extensive regional atmospheric hydrocarbon pollution in the southwestern
United States, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100, 11975–11979, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1635258100, 2003.
Kim, S. W., McKeen, S. A., Frost, G. J., Lee, S. H., Trainer, M., Richter, A.,
Angevine, W. M., Atlas, E., Bianco, L., Boersma, K. F., Brioude, J., Burrows,
J. P., de Gouw, J., Fried, A., Gleason, J., Hilboll, A., Mellqvist, J., Peischl,
J., Richter, D., Rivera, C., Ryerson, T., Hekkert, S. T. L., Walega, J., Warneke,
C., Weibring, P., and Williams, E.: Evaluations of NOx and
highly reactive VOC emission inventories in Texas and their implications for
ozone plume simulations during the Texas Air Quality Study 2006, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 11, 11361–11386, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11361-2011, 2011.
Klimont, Z., Streets, D. G., Gupta, S., Cofala, J., Fu, L. X., and Ichikawa, Y.:
Anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds in China,
Atmos. Environ., 36, 1309–1322, https://doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(01)00529-5, 2002.
Li, J., Xie, S. D., Zeng, L. M., Li, L. Y., Li, Y. Q., and Wu, R. R.:
Characterization of ambient volatile organic compounds and their sources in
Beijing, before, during, and after Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation China 2014,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7945–7959, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7945-2015, 2015.
Li, J., Li, Y., Bo, Y., and Xie, S.: High-resolution historical emission
inventories of crop residue burning in fields in China for the period 1990–2013,
Atmos. Environ., 138, 152–161, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.05.002, 2016.
Li, J., Zhai, C., Yu, J., Liu, R., Li, Y., Zeng, L., and Xie, S.: Spatiotemporal
variations of ambient volatile organic compounds and their sources in Chongqing,
a mountainous megacity in China, Sci. Total Environ., 627, 1442–1452,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.010, 2018.
Li, M., Zhang, Q., Streets, D. G., He, K. B., Cheng, Y. F., Emmons, L. K., Huo,
H., Kang, S. C., Lu, Z., Shao, M., Su, H., Yu, X., and Zhang, Y.: Mapping Asian
anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds to multiple
chemical mechanisms, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 5617–5638, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5617-2014, 2014.
Li, M., Liu, H., Geng, G., Hong, C., Liu, F., Song, Y., Tong, D., Zheng, B.,
Cui, H., Man, H., Zhang, Q., and He, K.: Anthropogenic emission inventories in
China: a review, Natl. Sci. Rev., 4, 834–866, https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwx150, 2017a.
Li, M., Zhang, Q., Kurokawa, J.-i., Woo, J.-H., He, K., Lu, Z., Ohara, T., Song,
Y., Streets, D. G., Carmichael, G. R., Cheng, Y., Hong, C., Huo, H., Jiang, X.,
Kang, S., Liu, F., Su, H., and Zheng, B.: MIX: a mosaic Asian anthropogenic
emission inventory under the international collaboration framework of the
MICS-Asia and HTAP, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 935–963, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-935-2017, 2017b.
Linde, E.: Spectra VOC standards Method TO-15/TO-17, available at:
http://hiq.linde-gas.com/en/images/SPECTRA VOC Standards EPA Method TO 15 - TO 17_tcm899-90153.pdf
(last access: March 2019), 2017.
Liu, J., Mauzerall, D. L., Chen, Q., Zhang, Q., Song, Y., Peng, W., Klimont, Z.,
Qiu, X., Zhang, S., Hu, M., Lin, W., Smith, K. R., and Zhu, T.: Air pollutant
emissions from Chinese households: A major and underappreciated ambient
pollution source, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 7756–7761, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1604537113, 2016.
Liu, Y., Shao, M., Fu, L. L., Lu, S. H., Zeng, L. M., and Tang, D. G.: Source
profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured in China: Part I, Atmos.
Environ., 42, 6247–6260, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.01.070, 2008.
Ma, Z., Xu, J., Quan, W., Zhang, Z., Lin, W., and Xu, X.: Significant increase
of surface ozone at a rural site, north of eastern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
16, 3969–3977, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3969-2016, 2016.
Marais, E. A., Jacob, D. J., Guenther, A., Chance, K., Kurosu, T. P., Murphy,
J. G., Reeves, C. E., and Pye, H. O. T.: Improved model of isoprene emissions
in Africa using Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite observations of
formaldehyde: implications for oxidants and particulate matter, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 14, 7693–7703, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7693-2014, 2014.
Millet, D. B., Jacob, D. J., Turquety, S., Hudman, R. C., Wu, S., Fried, A.,
Walega, J., Heikes, B. G., Blake, D. R., Singh, H. B., Anderson, B. E., and
Clarke, A. D.: Formaldehyde distribution over North America: Implications for
satellite retrievals of formaldehyde columns and isoprene emission, J. Geophys.
Res., 111, D24S02, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jd006853, 2006.
Mo, Z., Shao, M., and Lu, S.: Compilation of a source profile database for
hydrocarbon and OVOC emissions in China, Atmos. Environ., 143, 209–217,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.08.025, 2016.
Morino, Y., Ohara, T., Yokouchi, Y., and Ooki, A.: Comprehensive source
apportionment of volatile organic compounds using observational data, two
receptor models, and an emission inventory in Tokyo metropolitan area, J.
Geophys. Res., 116, D02311, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jd014762, 2011.
Ohara, T., Akimoto, H., Kurokawa, J., Horii, N., Yamaji, K., Yan, X., and
Hayasaka, T.: An Asian emission inventory of anthropogenic emission sources
for the period 1980-2020, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4419-4444, 2007.
Paatero, P., and Tapper, U.: Positive matrix factorization – a nonnegative
factor model with optimal utilization of error-estimates of data values,
Environmetrics, 5, 111–126, https://doi.org/10.1002/env.3170050203, 1994.
Palmer, P. I., Abbot, D. S., Fu, T.-M., Jacob, D. J., Chance, K., Kurosu, T.
P., Guenther, A., Wiedinmyer, C., Stanton, J. C., Pilling, M. J., Pressley, S.
N., Lamb, B., and Sumner, A. L.: Quantifying the seasonal and interannual
variability of North American isoprene emissions using satellite observations
of the formaldehyde column, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D12315, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jd006689, 2006.
Piccot, S. D., Watson, J. J., and Jones, J. W.: A global inventory of volatile
organic-compound emissions from anthropogenic sources, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
97, 9897–9912, 1992.
Polissar, A. V., Hopke, P. K., Paatero, P., Malm, W. C., and Sisler, J. F.:
Atmospheric aerosol over Alaska: 2. Elemental composition and sources, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 19045–19057, https://doi.org/10.1029/98jd01212, 1998.
Shao, M., Huang, D., Gu, D., Lu, S., Chang, C., and Wang, J.: Estimate of
anthropogenic halocarbon emission based on measured ratio relative to CO in
the Pearl River Delta region, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 5011–5025,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-5011-2011, 2011.
Simpson, I. J., Akagi, S. K., Barletta, B., Blake, N. J., Choi, Y., Diskin, G.
S., Fried, A., Fuelberg, H. E., Meinardi, S., Rowland, F. S., Vay, S. A.,
Weinheimer, A. J., Wennberg, P. O., Wiebring, P., Wisthaler, A., Yang, M.,
Yokelson, R. J., and Blake, D. R.: Boreal forest fire emissions in fresh
Canadian smoke plumes: C1–C10 volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
CO2, CO, NO2, NO, HCN and CH3CN, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 11, 6445–6463, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-6445-2011, 2011.
Song, Y., Shao, M., Liu, Y., Lu, S. H., Kuster, W., Goldan, P., and Xie, S. D.:
Source apportionment of ambient volatile organic compounds in Beijing, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 41, 4348–4353, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0625982, 2007.
Stavrakou, T., Müller, J.-F., De Smedt, I., Van Roozendael, M., van der
Werf, G. R., Giglio, L., and Guenther, A.: Evaluating the performance of
pyrogenic and biogenic emission inventories against one decade of space-based
formaldehyde columns, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1037–1060, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-1037-2009, 2009.
Stavrakou, T., Müller, J. F., Bauwens, M., De Smedt, I., Van Roozendael, M.,
De Mazière, M., Vigouroux, C., Hendrick, F., George, M., Clerbaux, C.,
Coheur, P. F., and Guenther, A.: How consistent are top-down hydrocarbon
emissions based on formaldehyde observations from GOME-2 and OMI?, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 15, 11861–11884, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11861-2015, 2015.
Streets, D. G.: An inventory of gaseous and primary aerosol emissions in Asia
in the year 2000, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8809, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd003093, 2003.
Tonooka, Y., Kannari, A., Higashino, H., and Murano, K.: NMVOCs and CO emission
inventory in East Asia, Water Air. Soil Poll., 130, 199–204, https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1013890513856, 2001.
Toro, M. V., Cremades, L. V., and Calbo, J.: Relationship between VOC and
NOx emissions and chemical production of tropospheric ozone
in the Aburra Valley (Colombia), Chemosphere, 65, 881–888, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.03.013, 2006.
US EPA: Compilation of air pollutant emission factors (AP42), 5th Edn.,
available at: https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-factors-and-quantification/ap-42-compilation-air-emissions-factors
(last access: August 2018), 1995.
US EPA: Air Method, Toxic Organics-15 (TO-15): Compendium of Methods for the
Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air, 2nd Edn., Determination
of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Air Collected in Specially-Prepared
Canisters and Analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), Cincinnati, 1999.
US EPA: SPECIATE Version 4.4, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 2014a.
US EPA: Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) 5.0 Fundamentals and User Guide,
US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development,
Washington, D.C., 2014b.
Wang, M., Shao, M., Chen, W., Yuan, B., Lu, S., Zhang, Q., Zeng, L., and Wang,
Q.: A temporally and spatially resolved validation of emission inventories by
measurements of ambient volatile organic compounds in Beijing, China, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 14, 5871–5891, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5871-2014, 2014.
Wang, M., Shao, M., Chen, W., Lu, S., Liu, Y., Yuan, B., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Q.,
Chang, C. C., Wang, B., Zeng, L., Hu, M., Yang, Y., and Li, Y.: Trends of
non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) emissions in Beijing during 2002–2013, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 15, 1489–1502, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1489-2015, 2015.
Warneke, C., McKeen, S. A., de Gouw, J. A., Goldan, P. D., Kuster, W. C.,
Holloway, J. S., Williams, E. J., Lerner, B. M., Parrish, D. D., Trainer, M.,
Fehsenfeld, F. C., Kato, S., Atlas, E. L., Baker, A., and Blake, D. R.:
Determination of urban volatile organic compound emission ratios and comparison
with an emissions database, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D10S47, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jd007930, 2007.
Weichenthal, S., Kulka, R., Belisle, P., Joseph, L., Dubeau, A., Martin, C.,
Wang, D., and Dales, R.: Personal exposure to specific volatile organic
compounds and acute changes in lung function and heart rate variability among
urban cyclists, Environ. Res., 118, 118–123, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2012.06.005, 2012.
Wu, R. and Xie, S.: Spatial Distribution of Ozone Formation in China Derived
from Emissions of Speciated Volatile Organic Compounds, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
51, 2574–2583, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03634, 2017.
Wu, R. and Xie, S.: Spatial Distribution of Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation
Potential in China Derived from Speciated Anthropogenic Volatile Organic Compound
Emissions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 8146–8156, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b01269, 2018.
Wu, R., Bo, Y., Li, J., Li, L., Li, Y., and Xie, S.: Method to establish the
emission inventory of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds in China and
its application in the period 2008–2012, Atmos. Environ., 127, 244–254,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.12.015, 2016a.
Wu, R., Li, J., Hao, Y., Li, Y., Zeng, L., and Xie, S.: Evolution process and
sources of ambient volatile organic compounds during a severe haze event in
Beijing, China, Sci. Total Environ., 560–561, 62–72, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.030, 2016b.
Yang, W., Zhang, Y., Wang, X., Li, S., Zhu, M., Yu, Q., Li, G., Huang, Z.,
Zhang, H., Wu, Z., Song, W., Tan, J., and Shao, M.: Volatile organic compounds
at a rural site in Beijing: influence of temporary emission control and
wintertime heating, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 12663–12682, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12663-2018, 2018.
Yuan, B., Shao, M., de Gouw, J., Parrish, D. D., Lu, S., Wang, M., Zeng, L.,
Zhang, Q., Song, Y., Zhang, J., and Hu, M.: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
in urban air: How chemistry affects the interpretation of positive matrix
factorization (PMF) analysis, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D24302,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jd018236, 2012.
Yumimoto, K., Uno, I., and Itahashi, S.: Long-term inverse modeling of Chinese
CO emission from satellite observations, Environ. Pollut., 195, 308–318,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.07.026, 2014.
Zhang, Q., Streets, D. G., Carmichael, G. R., He, K. B., Huo, H., Kannari, A.,
Klimont, Z., Park, I. S., Reddy, S., Fu, J. S., Chen, D., Duan, L., Lei, Y.,
Wang, L. T., and Yao, Z. L.: Asian emissions in 2006 for the NASA INTEX-B mission,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5131–5153, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5131-2009, 2009.
Zhao, Y., Mao, P., Zhou, Y., Yang, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, S., Dong, Y., Xie, F.,
Yu, Y., and Li, W.: Improved provincial emission inventory and speciation
profiles of anthropogenic non-methane volatile organic compounds: a case study
for Jiangsu, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 7733–7756, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7733-2017, 2017.
Zheng, J., Shao, M., Che, W., Zhang, L., Zhong, L., Zhang, Y., and Streets, D.:
Speciated VOC Emission Inventory and Spatial Patterns of Ozone Formation
Potential in the Pearl River Delta, China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 8580–8586,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es901688e, 2009.
Zheng, X., Wei, C., Qin, P., Guo, J., Yu, Y., Song, F., and Chen, Z.:
Characteristics of residential energy consumption in China: Findings from a
household survey, Energ. Policy, 75, 126–135, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2014.07.016, 2014.
Zhong, Z., Sha, Q., Zheng, J., Yuan, Z., Gao, Z., Ou, J., Zheng, Z., Li, C.,
and Huang, Z.: Sector-based VOCs emission factors and source profiles for the
surface coating industry in the Pearl River Delta region of China, Sci. Total
Environ., 583, 19–28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.172, 2017.
Zhu, X. W., Tang, G. Q., Hu, B., Wang, L. L., Xin, J. Y., Zhang, J. K., Liu, Z.
R., Munkel, C., and Wang, Y. S.: Regional pollution and its formation mechanism
over North China Plain: A case study with ceilometer observations and model
simulations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 14574–14588, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jd025730, 2016.
Short summary
We established an emission inventory of anthropogenic VOCs in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region of China. The developed emission inventory was evaluated through ambient measurements and satellite retrieval results. To obtain a more accurate emission inventory, we propose the investigation of household coal consumption, the adjustment of EFs based on the latest pollution control policies, and the verification of the source profiles of OVOCs and halocarbons.
We established an emission inventory of anthropogenic VOCs in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint