Articles | Volume 26, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1021-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1021-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
21 Jan 2026
Research article |
| 21 Jan 2026
Impact of the Indian Ocean sea surface temperature on the Southern Hemisphere middle atmosphere
Chengyun Yang
School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology/CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment/Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
Xiang Guo
School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology/CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment/Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
Xinyue Wang
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
Jun Zhang
Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
Xin Fang
School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology/CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment/Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
Xianghui Xue
School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology/CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment/Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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Shican Qiu, Ning Wang, Willie Soon, Gaopeng Lu, Mingjiao Jia, Xingjin Wang, Xianghui Xue, Tao Li, and Xiankang Dou
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Our results suggest that lightning strokes would probably influence the ionosphere and thus give rise to the occurrence of a sporadic sodium layer (NaS), with the overturning of the electric field playing an important role. Model simulation results show that the calculated first-order rate coefficient could explain the efficient recombination of Na+→Na in this NaS case study. A conjunction between the lower and upper atmospheres could be established by these inter-connected phenomena.
Wei Zhong, Xianghui Xue, Wen Yi, Iain M. Reid, Tingdi Chen, and Xiankang Dou
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 3973–3988, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3973-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3973-2021, 2021
Bingkun Yu, Xianghui Xue, Christopher J. Scott, Jianfei Wu, Xinan Yue, Wuhu Feng, Yutian Chi, Daniel R. Marsh, Hanli Liu, Xiankang Dou, and John M. C. Plane
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4219–4230, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4219-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4219-2021, 2021
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A long-standing mystery of metal ions within Es layers in the Earth's upper atmosphere is the marked seasonal dependence, with a summer maximum and a winter minimum. We report a large-scale winter-to-summer transport of metal ions from 6-year multi-satellite observations and worldwide ground-based stations. A global atmospheric circulation is responsible for the phenomenon. Our results emphasise the effect of this atmospheric circulation on the transport of composition in the upper atmosphere.
Jianyuan Wang, Wen Yi, Jianfei Wu, Tingdi Chen, Xianghui Xue, Robert A. Vincent, Iain M. Reid, Paulo P. Batista, Ricardo A. Buriti, Toshitaka Tsuda, and Xiankang Dou
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-33, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-33, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted
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In this study, we report the climatology of migrating and non-migrating tides in mesopause winds estimated using multiyear observations from three meteor radars in the southern equatorial region. The results reveal that the climatological patterns of tidal amplitudes by meteor radars is similar to the Climatological Tidal Model of the Thermosphere (CTMT) results and the differences are mainly due to the effect of the stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) event.
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Short summary
The Indian Ocean strongly influences weather and climate far beyond its region. We found that unusual sea surface warming patterns in the midlatitude Indian Ocean can disrupt winds and temperatures in the middle atmosphere, including the stratosphere and mesosphere, of the Southern Hemisphere. These disturbances alter ozone and air movement and may affect polar climate. Our results highlight the need to include Indian Ocean variability in climate models for better predictions.
The Indian Ocean strongly influences weather and climate far beyond its region. We found that...
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