Articles | Volume 25, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3669-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3669-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Measurement report
| 
27 Mar 2025
Measurement report |
| 27 Mar 2025
| 27 Mar 2025
Measurement report: The variation properties of aerosol hygroscopic growth related to chemical composition during new particle formation days in a coastal city of Southeast China
Lingjun Li
Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100086, China
Mengren Li
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100086, China
Xiaolong Fan
Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100086, China
Yuping Chen
Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100086, China
Ziyi Lin
Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100086, China
Anqi Hou
Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
Siqing Zhang
Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100086, China
Ronghua Zheng
Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100086, China
Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100086, China
Related authors
Ziyi Lin, Chuanyou Ying, Lingling Xu, Xiaoting Ji, Keran Zhang, Feng Zhang, Gaojie Chen, Lingjun Li, Chen Yang, Yuping Chen, Ziying Chen, and Jinsheng Chen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3697, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3697, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Based on field observations of N2O5, we found extremely high nighttime concentrations of N2O5, with a maximum value of 2.52 ppb. Further multiphase box model analysis revealed that the heterogeneous uptake of N2O5 is the most significant nitrate formation pathway in NO2-limited urban areas. Additionally, we further analyzed the reasons for this high N2O5 uptake contribution, and discussed the synergistic reduction of nitrates and O3.
Ziyi Lin, Chuanyou Ying, Lingling Xu, Xiaoting Ji, Keran Zhang, Feng Zhang, Gaojie Chen, Lingjun Li, Chen Yang, Yuping Chen, Ziying Chen, and Jinsheng Chen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3697, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3697, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Based on field observations of N2O5, we found extremely high nighttime concentrations of N2O5, with a maximum value of 2.52 ppb. Further multiphase box model analysis revealed that the heterogeneous uptake of N2O5 is the most significant nitrate formation pathway in NO2-limited urban areas. Additionally, we further analyzed the reasons for this high N2O5 uptake contribution, and discussed the synergistic reduction of nitrates and O3.
Yuping Chen, Lingling Xu, Xiaolong Fan, Ziyi Lin, Chen Yang, Gaojie Chen, Ronghua Zheng, Youwei Hong, Mengren Li, Yanru Zhang, and Jinsheng Chen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2042, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2042, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the molecular characteristics and chemical evolution of organic aerosol (OA) in contrasting urban and seaside environments by offline Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Urban OA was enriched in aromatic species, while seaside OA featured aliphatic and highly oxidized compounds. Marine-influenced humid air masses, combined with active photochemical conditions, promoted aqueous-phase OA formation, leading to higher oxidation states, particularly at the seaside site.
Gaojie Chen, Xiaolong Fan, Haichao Wang, Yee Jun Tham, Ziyi Lin, Xiaoting Ji, Lingling Xu, Baoye Hu, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 7815–7828, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7815-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7815-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our study revealed that the nighttime heterogeneous dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) uptake process was the major contributor of nitryl chloride (ClNO2) sources, while nitrate photolysis may promote the elevation of daytime ClNO2 concentrations. The rates of alkane oxidation by chlorine (Cl) radical in the early morning exceeded those by OH radical, significantly promoted the formation of ROx and ozone (O3), and further enhanced the atmospheric oxidation capacity levels.
Baoye Hu, Naihua Chen, Rui Li, Mingqiang Huang, Jinsheng Chen, Youwei Hong, Lingling Xu, Xiaolong Fan, Mengren Li, Lei Tong, Qiuping Zheng, and Yuxiang Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 905–921, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-905-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-905-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Box modeling with the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) was used to explore summertime peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) formation and its link to aerosol pollution under high-ozone conditions. The MCM model is effective in the study of PAN photochemical formation and performed better during the clean period than the haze period. Machine learning analysis identified ammonia, nitrate, and fine particulate matter as the top three factors contributing to simulation bias.
Yusheng Zhang, Feixue Zheng, Zemin Feng, Chaofan Lian, Weigang Wang, Xiaolong Fan, Wei Ma, Zhuohui Lin, Chang Li, Gen Zhang, Chao Yan, Ying Zhang, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Federico Bianch, Tuukka Petäjä, Juha Kangasluoma, Markku Kulmala, and Yongchun Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8569–8587, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8569-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8569-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The nitrous acid (HONO) budget was validated during a COVID-19 lockdown event. The main conclusions are (1) HONO concentrations showed a significant decrease from 0.97 to 0.53 ppb during lockdown; (2) vehicle emissions accounted for 53 % of nighttime sources, with the heterogeneous conversion of NO2 on ground surfaces more important than aerosol; and (3) the dominant daytime source shifted from the homogenous reaction between NO and OH (51 %) to nitrate photolysis (53 %) during lockdown.
Youwei Hong, Keran Zhang, Dan Liao, Gaojie Chen, Min Zhao, Yiling Lin, Xiaoting Ji, Ke Xu, Yu Wu, Ruilian Yu, Gongren Hu, Sung-Deuk Choi, Likun Xue, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10795–10807, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10795-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10795-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Particle uptakes of HCHO and the impacts on PM2.5 and O3 production remain highly uncertain. Based on the investigation of co-occurring wintertime O3 and PM2.5 pollution in a coastal city of southeast China, we found enhanced heterogeneous formation of hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) and increased ROx concentrations and net O3 production rates. The findings of this study are helpful to better explore the mechanisms of key precursors for co-occurring PM2.5 and O3 pollution.
Jiayan Shi, Yuping Chen, Lingling Xu, Youwei Hong, Mengren Li, Xiaolong Fan, Liqian Yin, Yanting Chen, Chen Yang, Gaojie Chen, Taotao Liu, Xiaoting Ji, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11187–11202, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11187-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11187-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) was observed in Southeast China over the period 2012–2020. The observed GEM concentrations showed no distinct inter-annual variation trends. The interpretation rate of transportation and meteorology on GEM variations displayed an increasing trend. In contrast, anthropogenic emissions have shown a decreasing interpretation rate since 2012, indicating the effectiveness of emission mitigation measures in reducing GEM concentrations in the study region.
Youwei Hong, Xinbei Xu, Dan Liao, Taotao Liu, Xiaoting Ji, Ke Xu, Chunyang Liao, Ting Wang, Chunshui Lin, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7827–7841, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7827-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7827-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) simulation remains uncertain, due to the unknown SOA formation mechanisms. Aerosol samples with a 4 h time resolution were collected, along with online measurements of aerosol chemical compositions and meteorological parameters. We found that anthropogenic emissions, atmospheric oxidation capacity and halogen chemistry have significant effects on the formation of biogenic SOA (BSOA). The findings of this study are helpful to better explore the missed SOA sources.
Taotao Liu, Yiling Lin, Jinsheng Chen, Gaojie Chen, Chen Yang, Lingling Xu, Mengren Li, Xiaolong Fan, Yanting Chen, Liqian Yin, Yuping Chen, Xiaoting Ji, Ziyi Lin, Fuwang Zhang, Hong Wang, and Youwei Hong
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-292, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-292, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Field observations and models analysis were carried out in a coastal city to study HCHO formation mechanism and its impacts on photochemistry. HCHO contributed to atmospheric oxidation by around 10 %, reflecting its significance in photochemistry. Disabling HCHO mechanism made net O3 production rates decrease by 31 %, which were dominated by the reductions of pathways relating to radical reactions, indicating the HCHO affected O3 mainly by controlling the efficiencies of radical propagation.
Taotao Liu, Gaojie Chen, Jinsheng Chen, Lingling Xu, Mengren Li, Youwei Hong, Yanting Chen, Xiaoting Ji, Chen Yang, Yuping Chen, Weiguo Huang, Quanjia Huang, and Hong Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4339–4353, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4339-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4339-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We clarified the seasonal variations of PAN pollution, influencing factors, its mechanisms, and impacts on O3 based on OBM and GAM models. PAN presented inhibition and promotion effects on O3 under low and high ROx levels. Monitoring of PAN and its precursors, and the quantification of its impacts on O3 formation, significantly guide photochemical pollution control. The analysis methods used in this study provide a reference for study of the formation mechanisms of PAN and O3 in other regions.
Taotao Liu, Youwei Hong, Mengren Li, Lingling Xu, Jinsheng Chen, Yahui Bian, Chen Yang, Yangbin Dan, Yingnan Zhang, Likun Xue, Min Zhao, Zhi Huang, and Hong Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2173–2190, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2173-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2173-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the OBM-MCM model analyses, the study aims to clarify (1) the pollution characteristics of O3 and its precursors, (2) the atmospheric oxidation capacity and radical chemistry, and (3) the O3 formation mechanism and sensitivity analysis. The results are expected to enhance the understanding of the O3 formation mechanism with low O3 precursor levels and provide scientific evidence for O3 pollution control in coastal cities.
Baoye Hu, Jun Duan, Youwei Hong, Lingling Xu, Mengren Li, Yahui Bian, Min Qin, Wu Fang, Pinhua Xie, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 371–393, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-371-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-371-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
There has been a lack of research into HONO in coastal cities with low concentrations of PM2.5, but strong sunlight and high humidity. Insufficient research on coastal cities with good air quality has resulted in certain obstacles to assessing the photochemical processes in these areas. Furthermore, HONO contributes to the atmospheric photochemistry depending on the season. Therefore, observations of HONO across four seasons in the southeastern coastal area of China are urgently needed.
Lingling Xu, Jiayan Shi, Yuping Chen, Yanru Zhang, Mengrong Yang, Yanting Chen, Liqian Yin, Lei Tong, Hang Xiao, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18543–18555, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18543-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18543-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Mercury (Hg) isotopic compositions in aerosols are the mixed results of emission sources and atmospheric processes. This study presents Hg isotopic compositions in PM2.5 from different types of locations and total Hg from offshore surface seawater. The results indicate that atmospheric transformations induce significant mass independent fractionation of Hg isotopes, which obscures Hg isotopic signatures of initial emissions.
Cited articles
Baynard, T., Garland, R. M., Ravishankara, A. R., Tolbert, M. A., and Lovejoy, E. R.: Key factors influencing the relative humidity dependence of aerosol light scattering, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L06813, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl024898, 2006.
Brock, C. A., Wagner, N. L., Anderson, B. E., Attwood, A. R., Beyersdorf, A., Campuzano-Jost, P., Carlton, A. G., Day, D. A., Diskin, G. S., Gordon, T. D., Jimenez, J. L., Lack, D. A., Liao, J., Markovic, M. Z., Middlebrook, A. M., Ng, N. L., Perring, A. E., Richardson, M. S., Schwarz, J. P., Washenfelder, R. A., Welti, A., Xu, L., Ziemba, L. D., and Murphy, D. M.: Aerosol optical properties in the southeastern United States in summer – Part 1: Hygroscopic growth, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4987–5007, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4987-2016, 2016.
Brown, S. S., Osthoff, H. D., Stark, H., Dubé, W. P., Ryerson, T. B., Warneke, C., de Gouw, J. A., Wollny, A. G., Parrish, D. D., Fehsenfeld, F. C., and Ravishankara, A. R.: Aircraft observations of daytime NO3 and N2O5 and their implications for tropospheric chemistry, J. Photochem. Photobio. A, 176, 270–278, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2005.10.004, 2005.
Carrico, C. M., Kus, P., Rood, M. J., Quinn, P. K., and Bates, T. S.: Mixtures of pollution, dust, sea salt, and volcanic aerosol during ACE-Asia: Radiative properties as a function of relative humidity, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 8650, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jd003405, 2003.
Chang, R. Y.-W., Slowik, J. G., Shantz, N. C., Vlasenko, A., Liggio, J., Sjostedt, S. J., Leaitch, W. R., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: The hygroscopicity parameter (κ) of ambient organic aerosol at a field site subject to biogenic and anthropogenic influences: relationship to degree of aerosol oxidation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 5047–5064, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5047-2010, 2010.
Charlson, R. J., Schwartz, S. E., Hales, J. M., Cess, R. D., Coakley, J. A., Hansen, J. E., and Hofmann, D. J.: Climate Forcing By Anthropogenic Aerosols, Science, 255, 423–430, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.255.5043.423, 1992.
Chen, G. J., Shi, Q., Xu, L. L., Yu, S. C., Lin, Z. Y., Ji, X. T., Fan, X. L., Hong, Y. W., Li, M. R., Zhang, F. W., Chen, J. F., and Chen, J. S.: Photochemistry in the urban agglomeration along the coastline of southeastern China: Pollution mechanism and control implication, Sci. Total Environ., 901, 166318, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166318, 2023.
Chen, J., Zhao, C. S., Ma, N., and Yan, P.: Aerosol hygroscopicity parameter derived from the light scattering enhancement factor measurements in the North China Plain, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 8105–8118, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8105-2014, 2014.
Chen, J., Budisulistiorini, S. H., Itoh, M., Lee, W.-C., Miyakawa, T., Komazaki, Y., Yang, L. D. Q., and Kuwata, M.: Water uptake by fresh Indonesian peat burning particles is limited by water-soluble organic matter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 11591–11604, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11591-2017, 2017.
Chen, L., Zhang, F., Zhang, D., Wang, X., Song, W., Liu, J., Ren, J., Jiang, S., Li, X., and Li, Z.: Measurement report: Hygroscopic growth of ambient fine particles measured at five sites in China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6773–6786, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6773-2022, 2022a.
Chen, T. Z., Chu, B. W., Ma, Q. X., Zhang, P., Liu, J., and He, H.: Effect of relative humidity on SOA formation from aromatic hydrocarbons: Implications from the evolution of gas- and particle-phase species, Sci. Total Environ., 773, 145015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145015, 2021.
Chen, Y. P., Yang, C., Xu, L. L., Chen, J. S., Zhang, Y. R., Shi, J. Y., Fan, X. L., Zheng, R. H., Hong, Y. W., and Li, M. R.: Chemical composition of NR-PM1 in a coastal city of Southeast China: Temporal variations and formation pathways, Atmos. Environ., 285, 119243, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119243, 2022b.
Covert, D. S., Charlson, R. J., and Ahlquist, N. C.: A Study of the Relationship of Chemical Composition and Humidity to Light Scattering by Aerosols, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 11, 968–976, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1972)011<0968:ASOTRO>2.0.CO;2, 1972.
Dal Maso, M., Kulmala, M., Riipinen, I., Wagner, R., Hussein, T., Aalto, P. P., and Lehtinen, K. E. J.: Formation and growth of fresh atmospheric aerosols: eight years of aerosol size distribution data from SMEAR II, Hyytiala, Finland, Boreal Environ. Res., 10, 323–336, 2005.
Deng, J. J., Zhang, Y. R., Hong, Y. W., Xu, L. L., Chen, Y. T., Du, W. J., and Chen, J. S.: Optical properties of PM2.5 and the impacts of chemical compositions in the coastal city Xiamen in China, Sci. Total Environ., 557, 665–675, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.143, 2016.
Ding, J., Zhang, Y., Zheng, N., Zhang, H., Yu, Z., Li, L., Yuan, J., Tang, M., and Feng, Y.: Size Distribution of Aerosol Hygroscopic Growth Factors in Winter in Tianjin, Environ. Sci., 42, 574–583, https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202007273, 2021 (in Chinese).
Fierz-Schmidhauser, R., Zieger, P., Wehrle, G., Jefferson, A., Ogren, J. A., Baltensperger, U., and Weingartner, E.: Measurement of relative humidity dependent light scattering of aerosols, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 39–50, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-3-39-2010, 2010a.
Fierz-Schmidhauser, R., Zieger, P., Vaishya, A., Monahan, C., Bialek, J., O'Dowd, C. D., Jennings, S. G., Baltensperger, U., and Weingartner, E.: Light scattering enhancement factors in the marine boundary layer (Mace Head, Ireland), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D20204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jd013755, 2010b.
Gasso, S., Hegg, D. A., Covert, D. S., Collins, D., Noone, K. J., Ostrom, E., Schmid, B., Russell, P. B., Livingston, J. M., Durkee, P. A., and Jonsson, H.: Influence of humidity on the aerosol scattering coefficient and its effect on the upwelling radiance during ACE-2, Tellus B, 52, 546–567, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.00055.x, 2000.
Ge, X. L., Zhang, Q., Sun, Y. L., Ruehl, C. R., and Setyan, A.: Effect of aqueous-phase processing on aerosol chemistry and size distributions in Fresno, California, during wintertime, Environ. Chem., 9, 221–235, https://doi.org/10.1071/en11168, 2012.
Giordano, M., Espinoza, C., and Asa-Awuku, A.: Experimentally measured morphology of biomass burning aerosol and its impacts on CCN ability, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1807–1821, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1807-2015, 2015.
Guan, X., Wang, M., Du, T., Tian, P. F., Zhang, N. Y., Shi, J. S., Chang, Y., Zhang, L., Zhang, M., Song, X., and Sun, Y. J.: Wintertime aerosol optical properties in Lanzhou, Northwest China: Emphasis on the rapid increase of aerosol absorption under high particulate pollution, Atmos. Environ., 246, 118081, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.118081, 2021.
Gysel, M., Crosier, J., Topping, D. O., Whitehead, J. D., Bower, K. N., Cubison, M. J., Williams, P. I., Flynn, M. J., McFiggans, G. B., and Coe, H.: Closure study between chemical composition and hygroscopic growth of aerosol particles during TORCH2, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 6131–6144, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-6131-2007, 2007.
Holmes, N. S.: A review of particle formation events and growth in the atmosphere in the various environments and discussion of mechanistic implications, Atmos. Environ., 41, 2183–2201, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.10.058, 2007.
IPCC: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pirani, A., Connors, S. L., Péan, C., Berger, S., Caud, N., Chen, Y., Goldfarb, L., Gomis, M. I., Huang, M., Leitzell, K., Lonnoy, E., Matthews, J. B. R., Maycock, T. K., Waterfield, T., Yelekçi, O., Yu, R., and Zhou, B., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157896, 2021.
Jin, X. A., Li, Z. Q., Wu, T., Wang, Y. Y., Su, T. N., Ren, R. M., Wu, H., Zhang, D. M., Li, S. Z., and Cribb, M.: Differentiating the Contributions of Particle Concentration, Humidity, and Hygroscopicity to Aerosol Light Scattering at Three Sites in China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 127, e2022JD036891, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022jd036891, 2022.
Kalkavouras, P., BougiatiotI, A., Hussein, T., Kalivitis, N., Stavroulas, I., Michalopoulos, P., and Mihalopoulos, N.: Regional New Particle Formation over the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East, Atmosphere, 12, 13, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12010013, 2021.
Kotchenruther, R. A. and Hobbs, P. V.: Humidification factors of aerosols from biomass burning in Brazil, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 32081–32089, https://doi.org/10.1029/98jd00340, 1998.
Kotchenruther, R. A., Hobbs, P. V., and Hegg, D. A.: Humidification factors for atmospheric aerosols off the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 104, 2239–2251, https://doi.org/10.1029/98jd01751, 1999.
Kreidenweis, S. M. and Asa-Awuku, A.: Aerosol Hygroscopicity: Particle Water Content and Its Role in Atmospheric Processes, Treatise Geochem., 5, 331–361, 2014.
Kuang, Y., Zhao, C. S., Tao, J. C., and Ma, N.: Diurnal variations of aerosol optical properties in the North China Plain and their influences on the estimates of direct aerosol radiative effect, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5761–5772, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5761-2015, 2015.
Kuang, Y., Zhao, C., Tao, J., Bian, Y., Ma, N., and Zhao, G.: A novel method for deriving the aerosol hygroscopicity parameter based only on measurements from a humidified nephelometer system, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 6651–6662, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6651-2017, 2017.
Kuang, Y., He, Y., Xu, W., Zhao, P., Cheng, Y., Zhao, G., Tao, J., Ma, N., Su, H., Zhang, Y., Sun, J., Cheng, P., Yang, W., Zhang, S., Wu, C., Sun, Y., and Zhao, C.: Distinct diurnal variation in organic aerosol hygroscopicity and its relationship with oxygenated organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 865–880, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-865-2020, 2020.
Kuang, Y., Huang, S., Xue, B., Luo, B., Song, Q., Chen, W., Hu, W., Li, W., Zhao, P., Cai, M., Peng, Y., Qi, J., Li, T., Wang, S., Chen, D., Yue, D., Yuan, B., and Shao, M.: Contrasting effects of secondary organic aerosol formations on organic aerosol hygroscopicity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10375–10391, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10375-2021, 2021.
Kulmala, M., Petaja, T., Nieminen, T., Sipila, M., Manninen, H. E., Lehtipalo, K., Dal Maso, M., Aalto, P. P., Junninen, H., Paasonen, P., Riipinen, I., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Laaksonen, A., and Kerminen, V. M.: Measurement of the nucleation of atmospheric aerosol particles, Nat. Protoc., 7, 1651–1667, https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2012.091, 2012.
Levin, E. J. T., Prenni, A. J., Petters, M. D., Kreidenweis, S. M., Sullivan, R. C., Atwood, S. A., Ortega, J., DeMott, P. J., and Smith, J. N.: An annual cycle of size-resolved aerosol hygroscopicity at a forested site in Colorado, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D06201, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jd016854, 2012.
Li, J. W., Zhang, Z. S., Wu, Y. F., Tao, J., Xia, Y. J., Wang, C. Y., and Zhang, R. J.: Effects of chemical compositions in fine particles and their identified sources on hygroscopic growth factor during dry season in urban Guangzhou of South China, Sci. Total Environ., 801, 149749, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149749, 2021.
Li, L., Li, M., and Chen, J.: Measurement report: The variation properties of aerosol hygroscopic gr owth related to chemical composition during new particle formation days in a coastal city of southeast China, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13756825, 2024.
Liao, W. J., Zhou, J. B., Zhu, S. J., Xiao, A. S., Li, K., and Schauer, J. J.: Characterization of aerosol chemical composition and the reconstruction of light extinction coefficients during winter in Wuhan, China, Chemosphere, 241, 125033, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125033, 2020.
Liu, H. J., Zhao, C. S., Nekat, B., Ma, N., Wiedensohler, A., van Pinxteren, D., Spindler, G., Müller, K., and Herrmann, H.: Aerosol hygroscopicity derived from size-segregated chemical composition and its parameterization in the North China Plain, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 2525–2539, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2525-2014, 2014.
Liu, J. Y., Ren, C. H., Huang, X., Nie, W., Wang, J. P., Sun, P., Chi, X. G., and Ding, A. J.: Increased Aerosol Extinction Efficiency Hinders Visibility Improvement in Eastern China, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, e2020GL090167, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl090167, 2020a.
Liu, J. Y., Zhang, F., Xu, W. Q., Sun, Y. L., Chen, L., Li, S. Z., Ren, J. Y., Hu, B., Wu, H., and Zhang, R. Y.: Hygroscopicity of Organic Aerosols Linked to Formation Mechanisms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2020GL091683, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl091683, 2021.
Liu, T. T., Hu, B. Y., Yang, Y. X., Li, M. R., Hong, Y. W., Xu, X. B., Xu, L. L., Chen, N. H., Chen, Y. T., Xiao, H., and Chen, J. S.: Characteristics and source apportionment of PM2.5 on an island in Southeast China: Impact of sea-salt and monsoon, Atmos. Res., 235, 104786, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104786, 2020b.
Liu, T., Hong, Y., Li, M., Xu, L., Chen, J., Bian, Y., Yang, C., Dan, Y., Zhang, Y., Xue, L., Zhao, M., Huang, Z., and Wang, H.: Atmospheric oxidation capacity and ozone pollution mechanism in a coastal city of southeastern China: analysis of a typical photochemical episode by an observation-based model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2173–2190, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2173-2022, 2022.
Liu, X. and Zhang, Y.: Advances in Research on Aerosol Hygroscopic Properties at Home and Abroad, Climatic and Environmental Research, 15, 808–816, 2010 (in Chinese).
Liu, X. G., Zhang, Y. H., Cheng, Y. F., Hu, M., and Han, T. T.: Aerosol hygroscopicity and its impact on atmospheric visibility and radiative forcing in Guangzhou during the 2006 PRIDE-PRD campaign, Atmos. Environ., 60, 59–67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.06.016, 2012.
Liu, X. G., Gu, J. W., Li, Y. P., Cheng, Y. F., Qu, Y., Han, T. T., Wang, J. L., Tian, H. Z., Chen, J., and Zhang, Y. H.: Increase of aerosol scattering by hygroscopic growth: Observation, modeling, and implications on visibility, Atmos. Res., 132, 91–101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.04.007, 2013.
Malm, W. C. and Day, D. E.: Estimates of aerosol species scattering characteristics as a function of relative humidity, Atmos. Environ., 35, 2845–2860, https://doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(01)00077-2, 2001.
Malm, W. C., Day, D. E., Kreidenweis, S. M., Collett, J. L., Carrico, C., McMeeking, G., and Lee, T.: Hygroscopic properties of an organic-laden aerosol, Atmos. Environ., 39, 4969–4982, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.05.014, 2005.
Martin, S. T.: Phase Transitions of Aqueous Atmospheric Particles, Chem. Rev., 100, 3403–3454, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr990034t, 2000.
Mogili, P. K., Kleiber, P. D., Young, M. A., and Grassian, V. H.: N2O5 hydrolysis on the components of mineral dust and sea salt aerosol:: Comparison study in an environmental aerosol reaction chamber, Atmos. Environ., 40, 7401–7408, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.06.048, 2006.
Pan, X. L., Yan, P., Tang, J., Ma, J. Z., Wang, Z. F., Gbaguidi, A., and Sun, Y. L.: Observational study of influence of aerosol hygroscopic growth on scattering coefficient over rural area near Beijing mega-city, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7519–7530, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7519-2009, 2009.
Pathak, R. K., Wu, W. S., and Wang, T.: Summertime PM2.5 ionic species in four major cities of China: nitrate formation in an ammonia-deficient atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1711–1722, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-1711-2009, 2009
Petters, M. D. and Kreidenweis, S. M.: A single parameter representation of hygroscopic growth and cloud condensation nucleus activity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1961–1971, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1961-2007, 2007.
Quinn, P. K., Bates, T. S., Baynard, T., Clarke, A. D., Onasch, T. B., Wang, W., Rood, M. J., Andrews, E., Allan, J., Carrico, C. M., Coffman, D., and Worsnop, D.: Impact of particulate organic matter on the relative humidity dependence of light scattering: A simplified parameterization, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L22809, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl024322, 2005.
Ren, R., Li, Z., Yan, P., Wang, Y., Wu, H., Cribb, M., Wang, W., Jin, X., Li, Y., and Zhang, D.: Measurement report: The effect of aerosol chemical composition on light scattering due to the hygroscopic swelling effect, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9977–9994, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9977-2021, 2021.
Seinfeld, J., Pandis, S., and Noone, K.: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change, Phys. Today, 51, 88–90, 1998.
Shen, X. J., Sun, J. Y., Ma, Q. L., Zhang, Y. M., Zhong, J. T., Yue, Y., Xia, C., Hu, X. Y., Zhang, S. N., and Zhang, X. Y.: Long-term trend of new particle formation events in the Yangtze River Delta, China and its influencing factors: 7-year dataset analysis, Sci. Total Environ., 807, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150783, 2022.
Sheridan, P. J., Delene, D. J., and Ogren, J. A.: Four years of continuous surface aerosol measurements from the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Southern Great Plains Cloud and Radiation Testbed site, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 20735–20747, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jd000785, 2001.
Sheridan, P. J., Jefferson, A., and Ogren, J. A.: Spatial variability of submicrometer aerosol radiative properties over the Indian Ocean during INDOEX, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, INX2 10-1–INX2 10-17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jd000166, 2002.
Sipilä, M., Berndt, T., Petäjä, T., Brus, D., Vanhanen, J., Stratmann, F., Patokoski, J., Mauldin, R. L., Hyvärinen, A. P., Lihavainen, H., and Kulmala, M.: The Role of Sulfuric Acid in Atmospheric Nucleation, Science, 327, 1243–1246, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1180315, 2010.
Stevens, R. and Dastoor, A.: A Review of the Representation of Aerosol Mixing State in Atmospheric Models, Atmosphere, 10, 168, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10040168, 2019.
Sun, P., Nie, W., Wang, T. Y., Chi, X. G., Huang, X., Xu, Z., Zhu, C. J., Wang, L., Qi, X. M., Zhang, Q., and Ding, A. J.: Impact of air transport and secondary formation on haze pollution in the Yangtze River Delta: In situ online observations in Shanghai and Nanjing, Atmos. Environ., 225, 117350, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117350, 2020.
Sun, Y. L., Wang, Z. F., Fu, P. Q., Jiang, Q., Yang, T., Li, J., and Ge, X. L.: The impact of relative humidity on aerosol composition and evolution processes during wintertime in Beijing, China, Atmos. Environ., 77, 927–934, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.06.019, 2013.
Tang, I. N.: Chemical and size effects of hygroscopic aerosols on light scattering coefficients, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 101, 19245–19250, https://doi.org/10.1029/96jd03003, 1996.
Tao, J. C., Zhao, C. S., Ma, N., and Liu, P. F.: The impact of aerosol hygroscopic growth on the single-scattering albedo and its application on the NO2 photolysis rate coefficient, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 12055–12067, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12055-2014, 2014.
Timonen, H., Carbone, S., Aurela, M., Saarnio, K., Saarikoski, S., Ng, N. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Kulmala, M., Kerminen, V. M., Worsnop, D. R., and Hillamo, R.: Characteristics, sources and water-solubility of ambient submicron organic aerosol in springtime in Helsinki, Finland, J. Aerosol Sci., 56, 61–77, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2012.06.005, 2013.
Titos, G., Lyamani, H., Cazorla, A., Sorribas, M., Foyo-Moreno, I., Wiedensohler, A., and Alados-Arboledas, L.: Study of the relative humidity dependence of aerosol light-scattering in southern Spain, Tellus B, 66, 24536, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v66.24536, 2014.
Väkevä, M., Hämeri, K., and Aalto, P. P.: Hygroscopic properties of nucleation mode and Aitken mode particles during nucleation bursts and in background air, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, 8104, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jd000176, 2002.
Wang, J., Li, M., Li, L., Zheng, R., Fan, X., Hong, Y., Xu, L., Chen, J., and Hu, B.: Particle number size distribution and new particle formation in Xiamen, the coastal city of Southeast China in wintertime, Sci. Total Environ., 826, 154208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154208, 2022.
Wang, M. L., Chen, Y. Q., Fu, H. Y., Qu, X. L., Shen, G. F., Li, B. G., and Zhu, D. Q.: Combined analyses of hygroscopic properties of organic and inorganic components of three representative black carbon samples recovered from pyrolysis, Sci. Total Environ., 771, 145393, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145393, 2021.
Wang, Y., Li, J., Fang, F., Zhang, P., He, J., Pöhlker, M. L., Henning, S., Tang, C., Jia, H., Wang, Y., Jian, B., Shi, J., and Huang, J.: In-situ observations reveal weak hygroscopicity in the Southern Tibetan Plateau: implications for aerosol activation and indirect effects, npj Clim. Atmos. Sci., 7, 77, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00629-x, 2024.
Won, W. S., Oh, R., Lee, W., Ku, S., Su, P. C., and Yoon, Y. J.: Hygroscopic properties of particulate matter and effects of their interactions with weather on visibility, Sci. Rep., 11, 16401, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95834-6, 2021.
Wu, S. P., Schwab, J., Yang, B. Y., Zheng, A., and Yuan, C. S.: Two-Years PM2.5 Observations at Four Urban Sites along the Coast of Southeastern China, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 15, 1799–1812, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2015.05.0363, 2015a.
Wu, S. P., Cai, M. J., Xu, C., Zhang, N., Zhou, J. B., Yan, J. P., Schwab, J. J., and Yuan, C. S.: Chemical nature of PM2.5 and PM10 in the coastal urban Xiamen, China: Insights into the impacts of shipping emissions and health risk, Atmos. Environ., 227, 117383, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117383, 2020.
Wu, Y. F., Wang, X. J., Yan, P., Zhang, L. M., Tao, J., Liu, X. Y., Tian, P., Han, Z. W., and Zhang, R. J.: Investigation of hygroscopic growth effect on aerosol scattering coefficient at a rural site in the southern North China Plain, Sci. Total Environ., 599, 76–84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.194, 2017.
Wu, Z. J., Poulain, L., Birmili, W., Größ, J., Niedermeier, N., Wang, Z. B., Herrmann, H., and Wiedensohler, A.: Some insights into the condensing vapors driving new particle growth to CCN sizes on the basis of hygroscopicity measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 13071–13083, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13071-2015, 2015b.
Wu, Z. J., Zheng, J., Shang, D. J., Du, Z. F., Wu, Y. S., Zeng, L. M., Wiedensohler, A., and Hu, M.: Particle hygroscopicity and its link to chemical composition in the urban atmosphere of Beijing, China, during summertime, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 1123–1138, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1123-2016, 2016.
Wu, Z. J., Wang, Y., Tan, T. Y., Zhu, Y. S., Li, M. R., Shang, D. J., Wang, H. C., Lu, K. D., Guo, S., Zeng, L. M., and Zhang, Y. H.: Aerosol Liquid Water Driven by Anthropogenic Inorganic Salts: Implying Its Key Role in Haze Formation over the North China Plain, Environ. Sci. Tech. Let., 5, 160–166, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00021, 2018.
Xia, C., Sun, J. Y., Qi, X. F., Shen, X. J., Zhong, J. T., Zhang, X. Y., Wang, Y. Q., Zhang, Y. M., and Hu, X. Y.: Observational study of aerosol hygroscopic growth on scattering coefficient in Beijing: A case study in March of 2018, Sci. Total Environ., 685, 239–247, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.283, 2019.
Xia, C., Sun, J. Y., Hu, X. Y., Shen, X. J., Zhang, Y. M., Zhang, S. A., Wang, J. L., Liu, Q., Lu, J. Y., Liu, S., and Zhang, X. Y.: Effects of hygroscopicity on aerosol optical properties and direct radiative forcing in Beijing: Based on two-year observations, Sci. Total Environ., 857, 159233, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159233, 2023.
Xu, L. L., Duan, F. K., He, K. B., Ma, Y. L., Zhu, L. D., Zheng, Y. X., Huang, T., Kimoto, T., Ma, T., Li, H., Ye, S. Q., Yang, S., Sun, Z. L., and Xu, B. Y.: Characteristics of the secondary water-soluble ions in a typical autumn haze in Beijing, Environ. Pollut., 227, 296–305, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.076, 2017a.
Xu, W., Guo, S., Gomez-Hernandez, M., Zamora, M. L., Secrest, J., Marrero-Ortiz, W., Zhang, A. L., Collins, D. R., and Zhang, R. Y.: Cloud forming potential of oligomers relevant to secondary organic aerosols, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 6538–6545, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl061040, 2014.
Xu, W. Q., Han, T. T., Du, W., Wang, Q. Q., Chen, C., Zhao, J., Zhang, Y. J., Li, J., Fu, P. Q., Wang, Z. F., Worsnop, D. R., and Sun, Y. L.: Effects of Aqueous-Phase and Photochemical Processing on Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation and Evolution in Beijing, China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 762–770, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04498, 2017b.
Yan, P., Pan, X. L., Tang, J., Zhou, X. J., Zhang, R. J., and Zeng, L. M.: Hygroscopic growth of aerosol scattering coefficient: A comparative analysis between urban and suburban sites at winter in Beijing, Particuology, 7, 52–60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2008.11.009, 2009.
Yu, Y. L., Zhao, C. S., Kuang, Y., Tao, J. C., Zhao, G., Shen, C. Y., and Xu, W. Y.: A parameterization for the light scattering enhancement factor with aerosol chemical compositions, Atmos. Environ., 191, 370–377, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.08.016, 2018.
Yue, D. L., Hu, M., Zhang, R. Y., Wang, Z. B., Zheng, J., Wu, Z. J., Wiedensohler, A., He, L. Y., Huang, X. F., and Zhu, T.: The roles of sulfuric acid in new particle formation and growth in the mega-city of Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4953–4960, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-4953-2010, 2010.
Zhang, L., Sun, J. Y., Shen, X. J., Zhang, Y. M., Che, H., Ma, Q. L., Zhang, Y. W., Zhang, X. Y., and Ogren, J. A.: Observations of relative humidity effects on aerosol light scattering in the Yangtze River Delta of China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8439–8454, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8439-2015, 2015.
Zhang, Q., Zheng, Y. X., Tong, D., Shao, M., Wang, S. X., Zhang, Y. H., Xu, X. D., Wang, J. N., He, H., Liu, W. Q., Ding, Y. H., Lei, Y., Li, J. H., Wang, Z. F., Zhang, X. Y., Wang, Y. S., Cheng, J., Liu, Y., Shi, Q. R., Yan, L., Geng, G. N., Hong, C. P., Li, M., Liu, F., Zheng, B., Cao, J. J., Ding, A. J., Gao, J., Fu, Q. Y., Huo, J. T., Liu, B. X., Liu, Z. R., Yang, F. M., He, K. B., and Hao, J. M.: Drivers of improved PM2.5 air quality in China from 2013 to 2017, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116, 24463–24469, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1907956116, 2019.
Zhao, C. S., Yu, Y. L., Kuang, Y., Tao, J. C., and Zhao, G.: Recent Progress of Aerosol Light-scattering Enhancement Factor Studies in China, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1015–1026, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-019-8248-1, 2019a.
Zhao, P. S., Ding, J., Du, X., and Su, J.: High time-resolution measurement of light scattering hygroscopic growth factor in Beijing: A novel method for high relative humidity conditions, Atmos. Environ., 215, 116912, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116912, 2019b.
Zheng, B., Tong, D., Li, M., Liu, F., Hong, C., Geng, G., Li, H., Li, X., Peng, L., Qi, J., Yan, L., Zhang, Y., Zhao, H., Zheng, Y., He, K., and Zhang, Q.: Trends in China's anthropogenic emissions since 2010 as the consequence of clean air actions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14095–14111, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14095-2018, 2018.
Zieger, P., Fierz-Schmidhauser, R., Gysel, M., Ström, J., Henne, S., Yttri, K. E., Baltensperger, U., and Weingartner, E.: Effects of relative humidity on aerosol light scattering in the Arctic, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 3875–3890, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3875-2010, 2010.
Zieger, P., Fierz-Schmidhauser, R., Weingartner, E., and Baltensperger, U.: Effects of relative humidity on aerosol light scattering: results from different European sites, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10609–10631, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10609-2013, 2013.
Zieger, P., Fierz-Schmidhauser, R., Poulain, L., Muller, T., Birmili, W., Spindler, G., Wiedensohler, A., Baltensperger, U., and Weingartner, E.: Influence of water uptake on the aerosol particle light scattering coefficients of the Central European aerosol, Tellus B, 66, 22716, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v66.22716, 2014.
Short summary
Here, we show differences and variations in the aerosol scattering hygroscopic growth factor (f(RH)) between new particle formation (NPF) and non-NPF days and the effect of aerosol chemical compositions on f(RH) in Xiamen with in situ observations. The findings are helpful for the further understanding of aerosol hygroscopicity in a coastal city and the use of hygroscopic growth factors in models of air quality and climate change.
Here, we show differences and variations in the aerosol scattering hygroscopic growth factor...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint