Articles | Volume 23, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3595-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3595-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Elucidating ozone and PM2.5 pollution in the Fenwei Plain reveals the co-benefits of controlling precursor gas emissions in winter haze
Chunshui Lin
State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Center
for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Institute of Earth
Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
Ru-Jin Huang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Center
for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Institute of Earth
Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University,
Xi'an 710049, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Haobin Zhong
State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Center
for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Institute of Earth
Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University,
Jiaxing 314001, China
Jing Duan
State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Center
for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Institute of Earth
Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
Zixi Wang
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and
Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Wei Huang
State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Center
for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Institute of Earth
Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Center
for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Institute of Earth
Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
Related authors
Chunshui Lin, Ru-Jin Huang, Jing Duan, Jing Qu, Jiahua Liu, Yi Liu, Yan Luo, Wei Huang, Wei Xu, Yanan Zhan, Zhitao Liu, Sihan Liu, Qingshuang Zhang, Quan Liu, Zirui Liu, Shengrong Lou, Huinan Yang, Dan Dan Huang, Cheng Huang, and Hongli Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2521, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2521, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Since China's 2013 Clean Air Act cut PM2.5 by over half, winter haze in the North China Plain persists due to secondary organic aerosols now dominating primary pollutants, requiring urgent regional cooperation to address model-underestimated chemical transformations and cross-border pollution.
Baihua Chen, Lu Lei, Emmanuel Chevassus, Wei Xu, Ling Zhen, Haobin Zhong, Lin Wang, Chunshui Lin, Ru-Jin Huang, Darius Ceburnis, Colin O'Dowd, and Jurgita Ovadnevaite
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1415, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1415, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses machine learning to separate marine primary (POA) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) from a decade of high-resolution data. POA averages 51 % of marine organic aerosols annually, peaking at 63 % in summer. A support vector regression model, validated via fuzzy clustering and Monte Carlo simulations, identifies POA’s seasonal patterns linked to biological activity. We found diverse impacts of marine POA and SOA on the aerosol hygroscopicity and mixing state.
Emmanuel Chevassus, Kirsten N. Fossum, Darius Ceburnis, Lu Lei, Chunshui Lin, Wei Xu, Colin O'Dowd, and Jurgita Ovadnevaite
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4107–4129, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4107-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4107-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the first source apportionment of organic aerosol at Mace Head via high-resolution mass spectrometry. Introducing transfer entropy as a novel method reveals that aged organic aerosol originates from both open-ocean ozonolysis and local peat-burning oxidation. Methanesulfonic acid and organic sea spray both mirror phytoplankton activity, with the former closely tied to coccolithophore blooms and the latter linked to diatoms, chlorophytes, and cyanobacteria.
Mingxue Li, Men Xia, Chunshui Lin, Yifan Jiang, Weihang Sun, Yurun Wang, Yingnan Zhang, Maoxia He, and Tao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3753–3764, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3753-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3753-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our field campaigns observed a strong diel pattern of chloroacetic acid as well as a strong correlation between its level and that of reactive chlorine species at a coastal site. Using quantum chemical calculations and box model simulation with an updated Master Chemical Mechanism, we found that the formation pathway of chloroacetic acid involved multiphase processes. Our study enhances understanding of atmospheric organic chlorine chemistry and emphasizes the importance of multiphase reactions.
Kirsten N. Fossum, Chunshui Lin, Niall O'Sullivan, Lu Lei, Stig Hellebust, Darius Ceburnis, Aqeel Afzal, Anja Tremper, David Green, Srishti Jain, Steigvilė Byčenkienė, Colin O'Dowd, John Wenger, and Jurgita Ovadnevaite
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10815–10831, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10815-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10815-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical composition and sources of submicron aerosol in the Dublin Port area were investigated over a month-long campaign. Two distinct types of ship emissions were identified and characterised: sulfate-rich plumes from the use of heavy fuel oil with scrubbers and organic-rich plumes from the use of low-sulfur fuels. The latter were more frequent, emitting double the particle number and having a typical V / Ni ratio for ship emission.
Jing Duan, Ru-Jin Huang, Ying Wang, Wei Xu, Haobin Zhong, Chunshui Lin, Wei Huang, Yifang Gu, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Darius Ceburnis, and Colin O'Dowd
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7687–7698, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7687-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7687-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical composition of atmospheric particles has shown significant changes in recent years. We investigated the potential effects of changes in inorganics on aerosol water uptake and, thus, secondary organic aerosol formation in wintertime haze based on the size-resolved measurements of non-refractory fine particulate matter (NR-PM2.5) in Xi’an, northwestern China. We highlight the key role of aerosol water as a medium to link inorganics and organics in their multiphase processes.
Yifang Gu, Ru-Jin Huang, Jing Duan, Wei Xu, Chunshui Lin, Haobin Zhong, Ying Wang, Haiyan Ni, Quan Liu, Ruiguang Xu, Litao Wang, and Yong Jie Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5419–5433, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5419-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5419-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) can be produced by various pathways, but its formation mechanisms are unclear. Observations were conducted in the North China Plain during a highly oxidizing atmosphere in summer. We found that fast photochemistry dominated SOA formation during daytime. Two types of aqueous-phase chemistry (nocturnal and daytime processing) take place at high relative humidity. The potential transformation from primary organic aerosol (POA) to SOA was also an important pathway.
Marta Via, Gang Chen, Francesco Canonaco, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Benjamin Chazeau, Hasna Chebaicheb, Jianhui Jiang, Hannes Keernik, Chunshui Lin, Nicolas Marchand, Cristina Marin, Colin O'Dowd, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Jean-Eudes Petit, Michael Pikridas, Véronique Riffault, Jean Sciare, Jay G. Slowik, Leïla Simon, Jeni Vasilescu, Yunjiang Zhang, Olivier Favez, André S. H. Prévôt, Andrés Alastuey, and María Cruz Minguillón
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5479–5495, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5479-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5479-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents the differences resulting from two techniques (rolling and seasonal) of the positive matrix factorisation model that can be run for organic aerosol source apportionment. The current state of the art suggests that the rolling technique is more accurate, but no proof of its effectiveness has been provided yet. This paper tackles this issue in the context of a synthetic dataset and a multi-site real-world comparison.
Jing Duan, Ru-Jin Huang, Yifang Gu, Chunshui Lin, Haobin Zhong, Wei Xu, Quan Liu, Yan You, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Darius Ceburnis, Thorsten Hoffmann, and Colin O'Dowd
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10139–10153, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10139-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10139-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Biomass-burning-influenced oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA-BB), formed from the photochemical oxidation and aging of biomass burning OA (BBOA), was resolved in urban Xi’an. The aqueous-phase processed oxygenated OA (aq-OOA) concentration was more dependent on secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) content and aerosol liquid water content (ALWC). The increased aq-OOA contribution during SIA-enhanced periods likely reflects OA evolution due to the addition of alcohol or peroxide groups
Haobin Zhong, Ru-Jin Huang, Chunshui Lin, Wei Xu, Jing Duan, Yifang Gu, Wei Huang, Haiyan Ni, Chongshu Zhu, Yan You, Yunfei Wu, Renjian Zhang, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Darius Ceburnis, and Colin D. O'Dowd
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9513–9524, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9513-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9513-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To investigate the physico-chemical properties of aerosol transported from major pollution regions in China, observations were conducted ~200 m above the ground at the junction location of the two key pollution areas. We found that the formation efficiency, oxidation state and production rate of secondary aerosol were different in the transport sectors from different pollution regions, and they were largely enhanced by the regional long-distance transport.
Youwei Hong, Xinbei Xu, Dan Liao, Taotao Liu, Xiaoting Ji, Ke Xu, Chunyang Liao, Ting Wang, Chunshui Lin, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7827–7841, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7827-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7827-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) simulation remains uncertain, due to the unknown SOA formation mechanisms. Aerosol samples with a 4 h time resolution were collected, along with online measurements of aerosol chemical compositions and meteorological parameters. We found that anthropogenic emissions, atmospheric oxidation capacity and halogen chemistry have significant effects on the formation of biogenic SOA (BSOA). The findings of this study are helpful to better explore the missed SOA sources.
Chunshui Lin, Darius Ceburnis, Anna Trubetskaya, Wei Xu, William Smith, Stig Hellebust, John Wenger, Colin O'Dowd, and Jurgita Ovadnevaite
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 6905–6916, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6905-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6905-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Source apportionment of solid-fuel-burning emissions can be complicated by the use of different fuels, stoves, and burning conditions. Here, the organic aerosol mass spectra produced from burning a range of solid fuels in several stoves were compared. This study accounts for the source variability and provides better constraints on the primary factor contributions to the ambient organic aerosol estimations, holding significant implications for public health and policymakers.
Wei Xu, Kirsten N. Fossum, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Chunshui Lin, Ru-Jin Huang, Colin O'Dowd, and Darius Ceburnis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8655–8675, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8655-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8655-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) are an important topic in atmospheric studies, especially for evaluating the climate impact of aerosol. Here in this study, CCN closure is studied by using chemical composition based on an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) and hygroscopicity growth measurements based on a humidified tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA) at the Mace Head atmospheric research station.
Chunshui Lin, Darius Ceburnis, Wei Xu, Eimear Heffernan, Stig Hellebust, John Gallagher, Ru-Jin Huang, Colin O'Dowd, and Jurgita Ovadnevaite
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10513–10529, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10513-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10513-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Chemical composition and sources of submicron aerosols (PM1) were simultaneously investigated at a kerbside site in the Dublin city center and at a residential site in suburban Dublin (~5 km apart) during both a nonheating and a heating period in 2018. This study highlights the temporal and spatial variability of sources within the Dublin city center and the need for additional aerosol characterization studies to improve targeted mitigation solutions for a greater impact on urban air quality.
Chunshui Lin, Ru-Jin Huang, Jing Duan, Jing Qu, Jiahua Liu, Yi Liu, Yan Luo, Wei Huang, Wei Xu, Yanan Zhan, Zhitao Liu, Sihan Liu, Qingshuang Zhang, Quan Liu, Zirui Liu, Shengrong Lou, Huinan Yang, Dan Dan Huang, Cheng Huang, and Hongli Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2521, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2521, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Since China's 2013 Clean Air Act cut PM2.5 by over half, winter haze in the North China Plain persists due to secondary organic aerosols now dominating primary pollutants, requiring urgent regional cooperation to address model-underestimated chemical transformations and cross-border pollution.
Jingye Ren, Wei Xu, Ru-Jin Huang, Fang Zhang, Ying Wang, Lu Chen, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Darius Ceburnis, and Colin O’Dowd
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3284, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3284, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Impact of mixing state on cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity was incorporated in very limited modeling with typically simplified assumption. This study derived a mixing state index from hygroscopicity and systematically investigated its impacts on CCN activity in inland and coastal air. An entropy-based parameterization proposed here offers a novel approach to reduce model complexity in representing aerosol CCN activation, enabling more accurate simulations of aerosol CCN capacity.
Jingye Ren, Songjian Zou, Honghao Xu, Guiquan Liu, Zhe Wang, Anran Zhang, Chuanfeng Zhao, Min Hu, Dongjie Shang, Lizi Tang, Ru-Jin Huang, Yele Sun, and Fang Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1483, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1483, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, a new framework of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) prediction in polluted region has been developed and it achieves well prediction of hourly-to-yearly scale across North China Plain. The study reveals a significant long-term decreasing trend of CCN concentration at typical supersaturations due to a rapid reduction in aerosol concentrations from 2014 to 2018. This improvement of our new model would be helpful to aerosols climate effect assessment in models.
Baihua Chen, Lu Lei, Emmanuel Chevassus, Wei Xu, Ling Zhen, Haobin Zhong, Lin Wang, Chunshui Lin, Ru-Jin Huang, Darius Ceburnis, Colin O'Dowd, and Jurgita Ovadnevaite
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1415, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1415, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses machine learning to separate marine primary (POA) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) from a decade of high-resolution data. POA averages 51 % of marine organic aerosols annually, peaking at 63 % in summer. A support vector regression model, validated via fuzzy clustering and Monte Carlo simulations, identifies POA’s seasonal patterns linked to biological activity. We found diverse impacts of marine POA and SOA on the aerosol hygroscopicity and mixing state.
Emmanuel Chevassus, Kirsten N. Fossum, Darius Ceburnis, Lu Lei, Chunshui Lin, Wei Xu, Colin O'Dowd, and Jurgita Ovadnevaite
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4107–4129, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4107-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4107-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the first source apportionment of organic aerosol at Mace Head via high-resolution mass spectrometry. Introducing transfer entropy as a novel method reveals that aged organic aerosol originates from both open-ocean ozonolysis and local peat-burning oxidation. Methanesulfonic acid and organic sea spray both mirror phytoplankton activity, with the former closely tied to coccolithophore blooms and the latter linked to diatoms, chlorophytes, and cyanobacteria.
Mingxue Li, Men Xia, Chunshui Lin, Yifan Jiang, Weihang Sun, Yurun Wang, Yingnan Zhang, Maoxia He, and Tao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3753–3764, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3753-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3753-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our field campaigns observed a strong diel pattern of chloroacetic acid as well as a strong correlation between its level and that of reactive chlorine species at a coastal site. Using quantum chemical calculations and box model simulation with an updated Master Chemical Mechanism, we found that the formation pathway of chloroacetic acid involved multiphase processes. Our study enhances understanding of atmospheric organic chlorine chemistry and emphasizes the importance of multiphase reactions.
Tiantian Wang, Jun Zhang, Houssni Lamkaddam, Kun Li, Ka Yuen Cheung, Lisa Kattner, Erlend Gammelsæter, Michael Bauer, Zachary C. J. Decker, Deepika Bhattu, Rujin Huang, Rob L. Modini, Jay G. Slowik, Imad El Haddad, Andre S. H. Prevot, and David M. Bell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2707–2724, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2707-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2707-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our study analyzes real-time emissions of organic vapors from solid fuel combustion. Using the mass spectrometer, we tested various fuels, finding higher emission factors for organic vapors from wood burning. Intermediate-volatility organic compounds constituted a significant fraction of emissions in solid fuel combustion. Statistical tests identified unique potential markers. Our insights benefit air quality, climate, and health, aiding accurate emission assessments.
Wei Yuan, Ru-Jin Huang, Chao Luo, Lu Yang, Wenjuan Cao, Jie Guo, and Huinan Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13219–13230, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13219-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13219-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We characterized water-soluble oxidative potential (OP) levels in wintertime PM2.5 in the south and north of Beijing. Our results show that the volume-normalized dithiothreitol (DTTv) in the north was comparable to that in the south, while the mass-normalized dithiothreitol (DTTm) in the north was almost twice that in the south. Traffic-related emissions and biomass burning were the main sources of DTTv in the south, and traffic-related emissions contributed the most to DTTv in the north.
Kirsten N. Fossum, Chunshui Lin, Niall O'Sullivan, Lu Lei, Stig Hellebust, Darius Ceburnis, Aqeel Afzal, Anja Tremper, David Green, Srishti Jain, Steigvilė Byčenkienė, Colin O'Dowd, John Wenger, and Jurgita Ovadnevaite
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10815–10831, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10815-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10815-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical composition and sources of submicron aerosol in the Dublin Port area were investigated over a month-long campaign. Two distinct types of ship emissions were identified and characterised: sulfate-rich plumes from the use of heavy fuel oil with scrubbers and organic-rich plumes from the use of low-sulfur fuels. The latter were more frequent, emitting double the particle number and having a typical V / Ni ratio for ship emission.
Xinya Liu, Diego Alves Gouveia, Bas Henzing, Arnoud Apituley, Arjan Hensen, Danielle van Dinther, Rujin Huang, and Ulrike Dusek
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9597–9614, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9597-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9597-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The vertical distribution of aerosol optical properties is important for their effect on climate. This is usually measured by lidar, which has limitations, most notably the assumption of a lidar ratio. Our study shows that routine surface-level aerosol measurements are able to predict this lidar ratio reasonably well within the lower layers of the atmosphere and thus provide a relatively simple and cost-effective method to improve lidar measurements.
Jing Duan, Ru-Jin Huang, Ying Wang, Wei Xu, Haobin Zhong, Chunshui Lin, Wei Huang, Yifang Gu, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Darius Ceburnis, and Colin O'Dowd
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7687–7698, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7687-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7687-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical composition of atmospheric particles has shown significant changes in recent years. We investigated the potential effects of changes in inorganics on aerosol water uptake and, thus, secondary organic aerosol formation in wintertime haze based on the size-resolved measurements of non-refractory fine particulate matter (NR-PM2.5) in Xi’an, northwestern China. We highlight the key role of aerosol water as a medium to link inorganics and organics in their multiphase processes.
Xinya Liu, Bas Henzing, Arjan Hensen, Jan Mulder, Peng Yao, Danielle van Dinther, Jerry van Bronckhorst, Rujin Huang, and Ulrike Dusek
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3405–3420, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3405-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3405-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated the time-of-flight aerosol chemical speciation monitor (TOF-ACSM) following the implementation of the PM2.5 aerodynamic lens and a capture vaporizer (CV). The results showed that it significantly improved the accuracy and precision of ACSM in the field observations. The paper elucidates the measurement outcomes of various instruments and provides an analysis of their biases. This comprehensive evaluation is expected to benefit the ACSM community and other aerosol field measurements.
Feifan Yan, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Rujin Huang, Hong Liao, Ting Yang, Yuanyuan Zhu, Shaoqing Zhang, Lifang Sheng, Wenbin Kou, Xinran Zeng, Shengnan Xiang, Xiaohong Yao, Huiwang Gao, and Yang Gao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2365–2376, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2365-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2365-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
PM2.5 pollution is a major air quality issue deteriorating human health, and previous studies mostly focus on regions like the North China Plain and Yangtze River Delta. However, the characteristics of PM2.5 concentrations between these two regions are studied less often. Focusing on the transport corridor region, we identify an interesting seesaw transport phenomenon with stagnant weather conditions, conducive to PM2.5 accumulation over this region, resulting in large health effects.
Shuzheng Guo, Chunxiang Ye, Weili Lin, Yi Chen, Limin Zeng, Xuena Yu, Jinhui Cui, Chong Zhang, Jing Duan, Haobin Zhong, Rujin Huang, Xuguang Chi, Wei Nie, and Aijun Ding
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-262, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-262, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
@Tibet field campaigns 2021 discovered surprisingly high levels and activity contributions of oxygenated volatile organic compounds on the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau, which suggests that OVOCs may play a larger role in the chemical reactions that occur in high-altitude regions than previously thought.
Yuquan Gong, Ru-Jin Huang, Lu Yang, Ting Wang, Wei Yuan, Wei Xu, Wenjuan Cao, Yang Wang, and Yongjie Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15197–15207, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15197-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15197-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study reveals the large day–night differences in brown carbon (BrC) chromophore composition, which was not known previously. The results provide insights into the effects of atmospheric processes and emissions on BrC composition.
Yifang Gu, Ru-Jin Huang, Jing Duan, Wei Xu, Chunshui Lin, Haobin Zhong, Ying Wang, Haiyan Ni, Quan Liu, Ruiguang Xu, Litao Wang, and Yong Jie Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5419–5433, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5419-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5419-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) can be produced by various pathways, but its formation mechanisms are unclear. Observations were conducted in the North China Plain during a highly oxidizing atmosphere in summer. We found that fast photochemistry dominated SOA formation during daytime. Two types of aqueous-phase chemistry (nocturnal and daytime processing) take place at high relative humidity. The potential transformation from primary organic aerosol (POA) to SOA was also an important pathway.
Huanhuan Zhang, Rui Li, Chengpeng Huang, Xiaofei Li, Shuwei Dong, Fu Wang, Tingting Li, Yizhu Chen, Guohua Zhang, Yan Ren, Qingcai Chen, Ru-jin Huang, Siyu Chen, Tao Xue, Xinming Wang, and Mingjin Tang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3543–3559, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3543-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3543-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work investigated the seasonal variation of aerosol Fe solubility for coarse and fine particles in Xi’an, a megacity in northwestern China severely affected by anthropogenic emission and desert dust aerosol. In addition, we discussed in depth what controlled aerosol Fe solubility at different seasons for coarse and fine particles.
Meng Wang, Yusen Duan, Wei Xu, Qiyuan Wang, Zhuozhi Zhang, Qi Yuan, Xinwei Li, Shuwen Han, Haijie Tong, Juntao Huo, Jia Chen, Shan Gao, Zhongbiao Wu, Long Cui, Yu Huang, Guangli Xiu, Junji Cao, Qingyan Fu, and Shun-cheng Lee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12789–12802, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12789-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12789-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we report the long-term measurement of organic carbon (OC) and elementary carbon (EC) in PM2.5 with hourly time resolution conducted at a regional site in Shanghai from 2016 to 2020. The results from this study provide critical information about the long-term trend of carbonaceous aerosol, in particular secondary OC, in one of the largest megacities in the world and are helpful for developing pollution control measures from a long-term planning perspective.
Marta Via, Gang Chen, Francesco Canonaco, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Benjamin Chazeau, Hasna Chebaicheb, Jianhui Jiang, Hannes Keernik, Chunshui Lin, Nicolas Marchand, Cristina Marin, Colin O'Dowd, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Jean-Eudes Petit, Michael Pikridas, Véronique Riffault, Jean Sciare, Jay G. Slowik, Leïla Simon, Jeni Vasilescu, Yunjiang Zhang, Olivier Favez, André S. H. Prévôt, Andrés Alastuey, and María Cruz Minguillón
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5479–5495, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5479-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5479-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents the differences resulting from two techniques (rolling and seasonal) of the positive matrix factorisation model that can be run for organic aerosol source apportionment. The current state of the art suggests that the rolling technique is more accurate, but no proof of its effectiveness has been provided yet. This paper tackles this issue in the context of a synthetic dataset and a multi-site real-world comparison.
Jing Duan, Ru-Jin Huang, Yifang Gu, Chunshui Lin, Haobin Zhong, Wei Xu, Quan Liu, Yan You, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Darius Ceburnis, Thorsten Hoffmann, and Colin O'Dowd
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10139–10153, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10139-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10139-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Biomass-burning-influenced oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA-BB), formed from the photochemical oxidation and aging of biomass burning OA (BBOA), was resolved in urban Xi’an. The aqueous-phase processed oxygenated OA (aq-OOA) concentration was more dependent on secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) content and aerosol liquid water content (ALWC). The increased aq-OOA contribution during SIA-enhanced periods likely reflects OA evolution due to the addition of alcohol or peroxide groups
Haobin Zhong, Ru-Jin Huang, Chunshui Lin, Wei Xu, Jing Duan, Yifang Gu, Wei Huang, Haiyan Ni, Chongshu Zhu, Yan You, Yunfei Wu, Renjian Zhang, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Darius Ceburnis, and Colin D. O'Dowd
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9513–9524, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9513-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9513-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To investigate the physico-chemical properties of aerosol transported from major pollution regions in China, observations were conducted ~200 m above the ground at the junction location of the two key pollution areas. We found that the formation efficiency, oxidation state and production rate of secondary aerosol were different in the transport sectors from different pollution regions, and they were largely enhanced by the regional long-distance transport.
Youwei Hong, Xinbei Xu, Dan Liao, Taotao Liu, Xiaoting Ji, Ke Xu, Chunyang Liao, Ting Wang, Chunshui Lin, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7827–7841, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7827-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7827-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) simulation remains uncertain, due to the unknown SOA formation mechanisms. Aerosol samples with a 4 h time resolution were collected, along with online measurements of aerosol chemical compositions and meteorological parameters. We found that anthropogenic emissions, atmospheric oxidation capacity and halogen chemistry have significant effects on the formation of biogenic SOA (BSOA). The findings of this study are helpful to better explore the missed SOA sources.
Chunshui Lin, Darius Ceburnis, Anna Trubetskaya, Wei Xu, William Smith, Stig Hellebust, John Wenger, Colin O'Dowd, and Jurgita Ovadnevaite
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 6905–6916, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6905-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6905-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Source apportionment of solid-fuel-burning emissions can be complicated by the use of different fuels, stoves, and burning conditions. Here, the organic aerosol mass spectra produced from burning a range of solid fuels in several stoves were compared. This study accounts for the source variability and provides better constraints on the primary factor contributions to the ambient organic aerosol estimations, holding significant implications for public health and policymakers.
Yandong Tong, Veronika Pospisilova, Lu Qi, Jing Duan, Yifang Gu, Varun Kumar, Pragati Rai, Giulia Stefenelli, Liwei Wang, Ying Wang, Haobin Zhong, Urs Baltensperger, Junji Cao, Ru-Jin Huang, André S. H. Prévôt, and Jay G. Slowik
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9859–9886, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9859-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9859-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate SOA sources and formation processes by a field deployment of the EESI-TOF-MS and L-TOF AMS in Beijing in late autumn and early winter. Our study shows that the sources and processes giving rise to haze events in Beijing are variable and seasonally dependent: (1) in the heating season, SOA formation is driven by oxidation of aromatics from solid fuel combustion; and (2) under high-NOx and RH conditions, aqueous-phase chemistry can be a major contributor to SOA formation.
Kai Wang, Ru-Jin Huang, Martin Brüggemann, Yun Zhang, Lu Yang, Haiyan Ni, Jie Guo, Meng Wang, Jiajun Han, Merete Bilde, Marianne Glasius, and Thorsten Hoffmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9089–9104, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9089-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9089-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present the detailed molecular composition of the organic aerosol collected in three eastern Chinese cities from north to south, Changchun, Shanghai and Guangzhou, by applying LC–Orbitrap analysis. Accordingly, the aromaticity degree of chemical compounds decreases from north to south, while the oxidation degree increases from north to south, which can be explained by the different anthropogenic emissions and photochemical oxidation processes.
Wei Xu, Kirsten N. Fossum, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Chunshui Lin, Ru-Jin Huang, Colin O'Dowd, and Darius Ceburnis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8655–8675, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8655-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8655-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) are an important topic in atmospheric studies, especially for evaluating the climate impact of aerosol. Here in this study, CCN closure is studied by using chemical composition based on an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) and hygroscopicity growth measurements based on a humidified tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA) at the Mace Head atmospheric research station.
Chao Peng, Patricia N. Razafindrambinina, Kotiba A. Malek, Lanxiadi Chen, Weigang Wang, Ru-Jin Huang, Yuqing Zhang, Xiang Ding, Maofa Ge, Xinming Wang, Akua A. Asa-Awuku, and Mingjin Tang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7135–7148, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7135-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7135-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Organosulfates are important constituents in tropospheric aerosol particles, but their hygroscopic properties and cloud condensation nuclei activities are not well understood. In our work, three complementary techniques were employed to investigate the interactions of 11 organosulfates with water vapor under sub- and supersaturated conditions.
Wei Yuan, Ru-Jin Huang, Lu Yang, Ting Wang, Jing Duan, Jie Guo, Haiyan Ni, Yang Chen, Qi Chen, Yongjie Li, Ulrike Dusek, Colin O'Dowd, and Thorsten Hoffmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3685–3697, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3685-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3685-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We characterized the seasonal variations in nitrated aromatic compounds (NACs) in composition, sources, and their light absorption contribution to brown carbon (BrC) aerosol in Xi'an, Northwest China. Our results show that secondary formation and vehicular emission were dominant sources in summer (~80 %), and biomass burning and coal combustion were major sources in winter (~75 %), and they indicate that the composition and sources of NACs have a profound impact on the light absorption of BrC
Francesco Canonaco, Anna Tobler, Gang Chen, Yulia Sosedova, Jay Gates Slowik, Carlo Bozzetti, Kaspar Rudolf Daellenbach, Imad El Haddad, Monica Crippa, Ru-Jin Huang, Markus Furger, Urs Baltensperger, and André Stephan Henry Prévôt
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 923–943, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-923-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-923-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term ambient aerosol mass spectrometric data were analyzed with a statistical model (PMF) to obtain source contributions and fingerprints. The new aspects of this paper involve time-dependent source fingerprints by a rolling technique and the replacement of the full visual inspection of each run by a user-defined set of criteria to monitor the quality of each of these runs more efficiently. More reliable sources will finally provide better instruments for political mitigation strategies.
Pragati Rai, Jay G. Slowik, Markus Furger, Imad El Haddad, Suzanne Visser, Yandong Tong, Atinderpal Singh, Günther Wehrle, Varun Kumar, Anna K. Tobler, Deepika Bhattu, Liwei Wang, Dilip Ganguly, Neeraj Rastogi, Ru-Jin Huang, Jaroslaw Necki, Junji Cao, Sachchida N. Tripathi, Urs Baltensperger, and André S. H. Prévôt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 717–730, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-717-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-717-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a simple conceptual framework based on elemental size distributions and enrichment factors that allows for a characterization of major sources, site-to-site similarities, and local differences and the identification of key information required for efficient policy development. Absolute concentrations are by far the highest in Delhi, followed by Beijing, and then the European cities.
Haiyan Ni, Ru-Jin Huang, Max M. Cosijn, Lu Yang, Jie Guo, Junji Cao, and Ulrike Dusek
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 16041–16053, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-16041-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-16041-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated sources of carbonaceous aerosols in Beijing and Xi'an during severe winter haze. Elemental carbon (EC) was dominated by vehicle emissions in Xi’an and coal burning in Beijing. Organic carbon (OC) increment during haze days was driven by the increase in primary and secondary OC (SOC). SOC was more from fossil sources in Beijing than Xi’an, especially during haze days. In Xi’an, no strong day–night differences in EC or OC sources suggest a large accumulation of particles.
Chao Peng, Yu Wang, Zhijun Wu, Lanxiadi Chen, Ru-Jin Huang, Weigang Wang, Zhe Wang, Weiwei Hu, Guohua Zhang, Maofa Ge, Min Hu, Xinming Wang, and Mingjin Tang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13877–13903, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13877-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13877-2020, 2020
Chunshui Lin, Darius Ceburnis, Wei Xu, Eimear Heffernan, Stig Hellebust, John Gallagher, Ru-Jin Huang, Colin O'Dowd, and Jurgita Ovadnevaite
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10513–10529, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10513-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10513-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Chemical composition and sources of submicron aerosols (PM1) were simultaneously investigated at a kerbside site in the Dublin city center and at a residential site in suburban Dublin (~5 km apart) during both a nonheating and a heating period in 2018. This study highlights the temporal and spatial variability of sources within the Dublin city center and the need for additional aerosol characterization studies to improve targeted mitigation solutions for a greater impact on urban air quality.
Cited articles
Canonaco, F., Crippa, M., Slowik, J. G., Baltensperger, U., and
Prévôt, A. S. H.: SoFi, an IGOR-based interface for the efficient
use of the generalized multilinear engine (ME-2) for the source
apportionment: ME-2 application to aerosol mass spectrometer data, Atmos.
Meas. Tech., 6, 3649–3661, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-3649-2013, 2013.
Cao, J. J. and Cui, L.: Current Status, Characteristics and Causes of
Particulate Air Pollution in the Fenwei Plain, China: A Review, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, e2020JD034472,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD034472, 2021.
Carter, W. P. L.: Development of the SAPRC-07 chemical mechanism,
Atmos. Environ., 44, 5324–5335,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.01.026, 2010.
Chen, G., Canonaco, F., Tobler, A., Aas, W., Alastuey, A., Allan, J.,
Atabakhsh, S., Aurela, M., Baltensperger, U., Bougiatioti, A., De Brito, J.
F., Ceburnis, D., Chazeau, B., Chebaicheb, H., Daellenbach, K. R., Ehn, M.,
El Haddad, I., Eleftheriadis, K., Favez, O., Flentje, H., Font, A., Fossum,
K., Freney, E., Gini, M., Green, D. C., Heikkinen, L., Herrmann, H.,
Kalogridis, A.-C., Keernik, H., Lhotka, R., Lin, C., Lunder, C., Maasikmets,
M., Manousakas, M. I., Marchand, N., Marin, C., Marmureanu, L.,
Mihalopoulos, N., Močnik, G., Nęcki, J., O'Dowd, C., Ovadnevaite,
J., Peter, T., Petit, J.-E., Pikridas, M., Matthew Platt, S., Pokorná,
P., Poulain, L., Priestman, M., Riffault, V., Rinaldi, M.,
Różański, K., Schwarz, J., Sciare, J., Simon, L., Skiba, A.,
Slowik, J. G., Sosedova, Y., Stavroulas, I., Styszko, K., Teinemaa, E.,
Timonen, H., Tremper, A., Vasilescu, J., Via, M., Vodička, P.,
Wiedensohler, A., Zografou, O., Cruz Minguillón, M., and Prévôt,
A. S. H.: European Aerosol Phenomenology – 8: Harmonised Source
Apportionment of Organic Aerosol using 22 Year-long ACSM/AMS Datasets,
Environ. Int., 166, 107325,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2022.107325, 2022.
Dai, Q., Hou, L., Liu, B., Zhang, Y., Song, C., Shi, Z., Hopke, P. K., and
Feng, Y.: Spring Festival and COVID-19 Lockdown: Disentangling PM Sources in
Major Chinese Cities, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2021GL093403,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL093403, 2021.
Duan, J., Huang, R.-J., Chang, Y., Zhong, H., Gu, Y., Lin, C., Hoffmann, T.,
and O'Dowd, C.: Measurement report of the change of PM2.5 composition during
the COVID-19 lockdown in urban Xi'an: enhanced secondary formation and
oxidation, Sci. Total Environ., 791, 148126,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148126, 2021.
Duan, J., Huang, R. J., Gu, Y., Lin, C., Zhong, H., Xu, W., Liu, Q., You,
Y., Ovadnevaite, J., Ceburnis, D., Hoffmann, T., and O'Dowd, C.: Measurement
report: Large contribution of biomass burning and aqueous-phase processes to
the wintertime secondary organic aerosol formation in Xi'an, Northwest
China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10139–10153, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10139-2022, 2022.
Elser, M., Huang, R. J., Wolf, R., Slowik, J. G., Wang, Q., Canonaco, F.,
Li, G., Bozzetti, C., Daellenbach, K. R., Huang, Y., Zhang, R., Li, Z., Cao,
J., Baltensperger, U., El-Haddad, I., and André, P.: New insights into
PM2.5 chemical composition and sources in two major cities in China during
extreme haze events using aerosol mass spectrometry, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 16, 3207–3225, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3207-2016, 2016.
Feng, T., Wang, Y., Hu, W., Zhu, M., Song, W., Chen, W., Sang, Y., Fang, Z.,
Deng, W., Fang, H., Yu, X., Wu, C., Yuan, B., Huang, S., Shao, M., Huang,
X., He, L., Lee, Y. R., Huey, L. G., Canonaco, F., Prevot, A. S. H., and
Wang, X.: Impact of aging on the sources, volatility, and viscosity of
organic aerosols in Chinese outflows, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 611–636,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-611-2023, 2023.
Gorelick, N., Hancher, M., Dixon, M., Ilyushchenko, S., Thau, D., and Moore,
R.: Google Earth Engine: Planetary-scale geospatial analysis for everyone,
Remote Sens. Environ., 202, 18–27,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.06.031, 2017.
Grange, S. K. and Carslaw, D. C.: Using meteorological normalisation to
detect interventions in air quality time series, Sci. Total
Environ., 653, 578–588, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.344,
2019.
Grange, S. K., Carslaw, D. C., Lewis, A. C., Boleti, E., and Hueglin, C.:
Random forest meteorological normalisation models for Swiss PM10 trend
analysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 6223–6239, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6223-2018, 2018.
He, G., Pan, Y., and Tanaka, T.: The short-term impacts of COVID-19 lockdown
on urban air pollution in China, Nat. Sustain., 3, 1005–1011,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0581-y, 2020.
Jenkin, M. E., Saunders, S. M., Wagner, V., and Pilling, M. J.: Protocol for the development of the Master Chemical Mechanism, MCM v3 (Part B): tropospheric degradation of aromatic volatile organic compounds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 181–193, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-181-2003, 2003.
Jenkin, M. E., Valorso, R., Aumont, B., and Rickard, A. R.: Estimation of
rate coefficients and branching ratios for reactions of organic peroxy
radicals for use in automated mechanism construction, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
19, 7691–7717, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7691-2019, 2019.
Krechmer, J., Lopez-Hilfiker, F., Koss, A., Hutterli, M., Stoermer, C.,
Deming, B., Kimmel, J., Warneke, C., Holzinger, R., Jayne, J., Worsnop, D.,
Fuhrer, K., Gonin, M., and de Gouw, J.: Evaluation of a New Reagent-Ion
Source and Focusing Ion–Molecule Reactor for Use in
Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 90,
12011–12018, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02641, 2018.
Li, C., Zhu, Q., Jin, X., and Cohen, R. C.: Elucidating Contributions of
Anthropogenic Volatile Organic Compounds and Particulate Matter to Ozone
Trends over China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 12906–12916,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c03315, 2022.
Li, J., Deng, S., Tohti, A., Li, G., Yi, X., Lu, Z., Liu, J., and Zhang, S.:
Spatial characteristics of VOCs and their ozone and secondary organic
aerosol formation potentials in autumn and winter in the Guanzhong Plain,
China, Environ. Res., 211, 113036,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113036, 2022a.
Li, J., Han, Z., Wu, J., Tao, J., Li, J., Sun, Y., Liang, L., Liang, M., and
Wang, Q. G.: Secondary organic aerosol formation and source contributions
over east China in summertime, Environ. Pollut., 306, 119383,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119383, 2022b.
Li, K., Jacob, D. J., Liao, H., Zhu, J., Shah, V., Shen, L., Bates, K. H.,
Zhang, Q., and Zhai, S.: A two-pollutant strategy for improving ozone and
particulate air quality in China, Nat. Geosci., 12, 906–910,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0464-x, 2019.
Li, K., Jacob, D. J., Liao, H., Qiu, Y., Shen, L., Zhai, S., Bates, K. H.,
Sulprizio, M. P., Song, S., Lu, X., Zhang, Q., Zheng, B., Zhang, Y., Zhang,
J., Lee, H. C., and Kuk, S. K.: Ozone pollution in the North China Plain
spreading into the late-winter haze season, P. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA, 118, e2015797118, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015797118, 2021.
Lin, C., Huang, R.-J., Duan, J., Zhong, H., and Xu, W.: Primary and
Secondary Organic Nitrate in Northwest China: A Case Study, Environ.
Sci. Technol. Lett., 8, 947–953, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00692,
2021.
Lin, C., Huang, R.-J., Duan, J., Zhong, H., and Xu, W.: Polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons from cooking emissions, Sci. Total Environ., 818,
151700, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151700, 2022a.
Lin, C., Huang, R.-J., Duan, J., Zhong, H., Xu, W., Wu, Y., and Zhang, R.:
Large contribution from worship activities to the atmospheric soot particles
in northwest China, Environ. Pollut., 299, 118907,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118907, 2022b.
Liu, Q., Son, Y. J., Li, L., Wood, N., Senerat, A. M., and Pantelic, J.:
Healthy home interventions: Distribution of PM2.5 emitted during cooking in
residential settings, Build Environ., 207, 108448,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108448, 2022.
Luo, H., Li, G., Chen, J., Lin, Q., Ma, S., Wang, Y., and An, T.: Spatial
and temporal distribution characteristics and ozone formation potentials of
volatile organic compounds from three typical functional areas in China,
Environ. Res., 183, 109141,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109141, 2020.
Lyu, X., Guo, H., Zou, Q., Li, K., Xiong, E., Zhou, B., Guo, P., Jiang, F.,
and Tian, X.: Evidence for Reducing Volatile Organic Compounds to Improve
Air Quality from Concurrent Observations and In Situ Simulations at 10
Stations in Eastern China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 15356–15364,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c04340, 2022.
Nie, W., Yan, C., Huang, D. D., Wang, Z., Liu, Y., Qiao, X., Guo, Y., Tian,
L., Zheng, P., Xu, Z., Li, Y., Xu, Z., Qi, X., Sun, P., Wang, J., Zheng, F.,
Li, X., Yin, R., Dallenbach, K. R., Bianchi, F., Petäjä, T., Zhang,
Y., Wang, M., Schervish, M., Wang, S., Qiao, L., Wang, Q., Zhou, M., Wang,
H., Yu, C., Yao, D., Guo, H., Ye, P., Lee, S., Li, Y. J., Liu, Y., Chi, X.,
Kerminen, V.-M., Ehn, M., Donahue, N. M., Wang, T., Huang, C., Kulmala, M.,
Worsnop, D., Jiang, J., and Ding, A.: Secondary organic aerosol formed by
condensing anthropogenic vapours over China's megacities, Nat. Geosci.,
15, 255–261, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-00922-5, 2022.
Shao, M., Wang, W., Yuan, B., Parrish, D. D., Li, X., Lu, K., Wu, L., Wang,
X., Mo, Z., Yang, S., Peng, Y., Kuang, Y., Chen, W., Hu, M., Zeng, L., Su,
H., Cheng, Y., Zheng, J., and Zhang, Y.: Quantifying the role of PM2.5
dropping in variations of ground-level ozone: Inter-comparison between
Beijing and Los Angeles, Sci. Total Environ., 788, 147712,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147712, 2021.
Shi, Z., Song, C., Liu, B., Lu, G., Xu, J., Vu, T. V., Elliott, R. J. R.,
Li, W., Bloss, W. J., and Harrison, R. M.: Abrupt but smaller than expected
changes in surface air quality attributable to COVID-19 lockdowns, Sci.
Adv., 7, eabd6696, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd6696, 2021.
Song, M., Li, X., Yang, S., Yu, X., Zhou, S., Yang, Y., Chen, S., Dong, H., Liao, K., Chen, Q., Lu, K., Zhang, N., Cao, J., Zeng, L., and Zhang, Y.: Spatiotemporal variation, sources, and secondary transformation potential of volatile organic compounds in Xi'an, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4939–4958, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4939-2021, 2021.
Su, W., Liu, C., Hu, Q., Zhao, S., Sun, Y., Wang, W., Zhu, Y., Liu, J., and
Kim, J.: Primary and secondary sources of ambient formaldehyde in the
Yangtze River Delta based on Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS)
observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 6717–6736, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6717-2019,
2019.
Tan, Y. and Wang, T.: What caused ozone pollution during the 2022 Shanghai
lockdown? Insights from ground and satellite observations, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 22, 14455–14466, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14455-2022, 2022.
Vu, T. V., Shi, Z., Cheng, J., Zhang, Q., He, K., Wang, S., and Harrison, R.
M.: Assessing the impact of clean air action on air quality trends in
Beijing using a machine learning technique, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19,
11303–11314, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11303-2019, 2019.
Wang, M., Duan, Y., Zhang, Z., Huo, J., Huang, Y., Fu, Q., Wang, T., Cao,
J., and Lee, S.-C.: Increased contribution to PM2.5 from traffic-influenced
road dust in Shanghai over recent years and predictable future,
Environ. Pollut., 313, 120119,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120119, 2022a.
Wang, M., Zhang, Z., Yuan, Q., Li, X., Han, S., Lam, Y., Cui, L., Huang, Y.,
Cao, J., and Lee, S.-C.: Slower than expected reduction in annual PM2.5 in
Xi'an revealed by machine learning-based meteorological normalization,
Sci. Total Environ., 841, 156740,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156740, 2022b.
Wang, R., Wang, X., Cheng, S., Zhu, J., Zhang, X., Cheng, L., and Wang, K.:
Determining an optimal control strategy for anthropogenic VOC emissions in
China based on source emissions and reactivity, J. Environ.
Sci., 136, 248–260, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.034, 2022.
Wang, T., Wei, X. L., Ding, A. J., Poon, C. N., Lam, K. S., Li, Y. S., Chan,
L. Y., and Anson, M.: Increasing surface ozone concentrations in the
background atmosphere of Southern China, 1994–2007, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9,
6217–6227, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6217-2009, 2009.
Wang, T., Dai, J., Lam, K. S., Nan Poon, C., and Brasseur, G. P.:
Twenty-Five Years of Lower Tropospheric Ozone Observations in Tropical East
Asia: The Influence of Emissions and Weather Patterns, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 46, 11463–11470, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084459, 2019.
Wang, T., Xue, L., Feng, Z., Dai, J., Zhang, Y., and Tan, Y.: Ground-level
ozone pollution in China: a synthesis of recent findings on influencing
factors and impacts, Environ. Res. Lett., 17, 063003,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac69fe, 2022.
Wolfe, G. M., Marvin, M. R., Roberts, S. J., Travis, K. R., and Liao, J.:
The Framework for 0-D Atmospheric Modeling (F0AM) v3.1, Geosci. Model Dev.,
9, 3309–3319, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-3309-2016, 2016.
Yan, Y., Wang, X., Qu, K., Li, X., Shi, W., Peng, Z., and Zhang, Y.: Impacts
of synoptic circulations on summertime ozone pollution in Guanzhong Basin,
northwestern China, Atmos. Environ., 262, 118660,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118660, 2021.
Zhang, Q., Shao, M., Li, Y., Lu, S. H., Yuan, B., and Chen, W. T.: Increase
of ambient formaldehyde in Beijing and its implication for VOC reactivity,
Chinese Chem. Lett., 23, 1059–1062,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2012.06.015, 2012.
Zhao, Y., Thornton, J. A., and Pye, H. O. T.: Quantitative constraints on
autoxidation and dimer formation from direct probing of monoterpene-derived
peroxy radical chemistry, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
115, 12142–12147, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1812147115, 2018.
Zhao, Y., Zhang, K., Xu, X., Shen, H., Zhu, X., Zhang, Y., Hu, Y., and Shen,
G.: Substantial changes in nitrate oxide and ozone after excluding
meteorological impacts during the COVID-19 outbreak in mainland China,
Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 7, 402–408,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00304, 2020.
Zhong, H., Huang, R.-J., Chang, Y., Duan, J., Lin, C., and Chen, Y.:
Enhanced formation of secondary organic aerosol from photochemical oxidation
during the COVID-19 lockdown in a background site in Northwest China,
Sci. Total Environ., 778, 144947,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.144947, 2021.
Zhong, H., Huang, R.-J., Duan, J., Lin, C., Gu, Y., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Zheng,
Y., Chen, Q., Chen, Y., Dai, W., Ni, H., Chang, Y., Worsnop, D. R., Xu, W.,
Ovadnevaite, J., Ceburnis, D., and O'Dowd, C. D.: Seasonal variations in the
sources of organic aerosol in Xi'an, Northwest China: The importance of
biomass burning and secondary formation, Sci. Total Environ., 737,
139666, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139666, 2020.
Short summary
The complex interaction between O3 and PM2.5, coupled with the topology of the Fenwei Plain and the evolution of the boundary layer height, highlights the challenges in further reducing particulate pollution in winter despite years of efforts to reduce emissions. Through scenario analysis in a chemical box model constrained by observation, we show the co-benefits of reducing NOx and VOCs simultaneously in reducing ozone and SOA.
The complex interaction between O3 and PM2.5, coupled with the topology of the Fenwei Plain and...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint