Articles | Volume 22, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7331-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7331-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
08 Jun 2022
Research article |
| 08 Jun 2022
| 08 Jun 2022
The impacts of marine-emitted halogens on OH radicals in East Asia during summer
Shidong Fan
Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
Center for the Oceanic and Atmospheric Science at SUSTech (COAST),
Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
Center for the Oceanic and Atmospheric Science at SUSTech (COAST),
Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou),
Guangzhou 511458, China
Related authors
No articles found.
Naveed Ahmad, Changqing Lin, Alexis K. H. Lau, Jhoon Kim, Fangqun Yu, Chengcai Li, Ying Li, Jimmy C. H. Fung, and Xiang Qian Lao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-558, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-558, 2024
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
This study developed a nested machine learning model to convert the GEMS NO2 column measurements into ground-level concentrations across China. The model directly incorporates the NO2 mixing height (NMH) into the methodological framework. The study underscores the importance of considering NMH when estimating ground-level NO2 from satellite column measurements and highlights the significant advantages of new-generation geostationary satellites in air quality monitoring.
Weilun Zhao, Ying Li, Gang Zhao, Song Guo, Nan Ma, Shuya Hu, and Chunsheng Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14889–14902, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14889-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14889-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Studies have concentrated on particles containing black carbon (BC) smaller than 700 nm because of technical limitations. In this study, BC-containing particles larger than 700 nm (BC>700) were measured, highlighting their importance to total BC mass and absorption. The contribution of BC>700 to the BC direct radiative effect was estimated, highlighting the necessity to consider the whole size range of BC-containing particles in the model estimation of BC radiative effects.
Weilun Zhao, Gang Zhao, Ying Li, Song Guo, Nan Ma, Lizi Tang, Zirui Zhang, and Chunsheng Zhao
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 6807–6817, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6807-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6807-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A new method to determine black carbon mass size distribution (BCMSD) was proposed using the size-resolved absorption coefficient measured by an aerodynamic aerosol classifier in tandem with an aethalometer. This new method fills the gap in the high-time-resolution measurement of BCMSD ranging from upper submicron particle sizes to larger than 1 µm. This method can be applied to field measurement of BCMSD extensively for better understanding BC aging and better estimating the BC climate effect.
Ying Li, Xiangjun Zhao, Xuejiao Deng, and Jinhui Gao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3861–3873, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3861-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3861-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study finds a new phenomenon of weak wind deepening (WWD) associated with the peripheral circulation of typhoon and gives the influence mechanism of WWD on its contribution to daily variation during sustained ozone episodes. The WWD provides the premise for pollution accumulation in the whole PBL and continued enhancement of ground-level ozone via vertical mixing processes. These findings could benefit the daily daytime ozone forecast in the PRD region and other areas.
Jinhui Gao, Ying Li, Bin Zhu, Bo Hu, Lili Wang, and Fangwen Bao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10831–10844, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10831-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10831-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Light extinction of aerosols can decease surface ozone mainly via reducing photochemical production of ozone. However, it also leads to high levels of ozone aloft being entrained down to the surface which partly counteracts the reduction in surface ozone. The impact of aerosols is more sensitive to local ozone, which suggests that while controlling the levels of aerosols, controlling the local ozone precursors is an effective way to suppress the increase of ozone over China at present.
Related subject area
Subject: Gases | Research Activity: Atmospheric Modelling and Data Analysis | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Atmospheric oxygen as a tracer for fossil fuel carbon dioxide: a sensitivity study in the UK
MIXv2: a long-term mosaic emission inventory for Asia (2010–2017)
Organosulfate produced from consumption of SO3 speeds up sulfuric acid–dimethylamine atmospheric nucleation
Contribution of expanded marine sulfur chemistry to the seasonal variability of dimethyl sulfide oxidation products and size-resolved sulfate aerosol
Spatial disparities of ozone pollution in the Sichuan Basin spurred by extreme, hot weather
Global impacts of aviation on air quality evaluated at high resolution
Bias correction of OMI HCHO columns based on FTIR and aircraft measurements and impact on top-down emission estimates
Investigation of the renewed methane growth post-2007 with high-resolution 3-D variational inverse modeling and isotopic constraints
Revisiting day-of-week ozone patterns in an era of evolving US air quality
Air quality and radiative impacts of downward-propagating sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs)
Estimation of the atmospheric hydroxyl radical oxidative capacity using multiple hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
Investigating the differences in calculating global mean surface CO2 abundance: the impact of analysis methodologies and site selection
Meteorological characteristics of extreme ozone pollution events in China and their future predictions
Evaluating modelled tropospheric columns of CH4, CO, and O3 in the Arctic using ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements
The high-resolution Global Aviation emissions Inventory based on ADS-B (GAIA) for 2019–2021
Zonal variability of methane trends derived from satellite data
Weekly derived top-down volatile-organic-compound fluxes over Europe from TROPOMI HCHO data from 2018 to 2021
Current status of model predictions of volatile organic compounds and impacts on surface ozone predictions during summer in China
Utility of Geostationary Lightning Mapper-derived lightning NO emission estimates in air quality modeling studies
The suitability of atmospheric oxygen measurements to constrain western European fossil-fuel CO2 emissions and their trends
Future tropospheric ozone budget and distribution over east Asia under a net-zero scenario
Comprehensive multiphase chlorine chemistry in the box model CAABA/MECCA: implications for atmospheric oxidative capacity
Insights into soil NO emissions and the contribution to surface ozone formation in China
Development, intercomparison, and evaluation of an improved mechanism for the oxidation of dimethyl sulfide in the UKCA model
A better representation of VOC chemistry in WRF-Chem and its impact on ozone over Los Angeles
Technical note: An assessment of the performance of statistical bias correction techniques for global chemistry-climate model surface ozone fields
The atmospheric oxidizing capacity in China – Part 1: Roles of different photochemical processes
Benefits of net-zero policies for future ozone pollution in China
Simulating impacts on UK air quality from net-zero forest planting scenarios
Understanding offshore high-ozone events during TRACER-AQ 2021 in Houston: insights from WRF–CAMx photochemical modeling
Opinion: Establishing a science-into-policy process for tropospheric ozone assessment
Atmospheric composition and climate impacts of a future hydrogen economy
Assessment of isoprene and near-surface ozone sensitivities to water stress over the Euro-Mediterranean region
Nighttime ozone in the lower boundary layer: insights from 3-year tower-based measurements in South China and regional air quality modeling
What controls ozone sensitivity in the upper tropical troposphere?
The CO anthropogenic emissions in Europe from 2011 to 2021: insights from the MOPITT satellite data
Summertime tropospheric ozone source apportionment study in Madrid (Spain)
Modelling the impacts of emission changes on O3 sensitivity, atmospheric oxidation capacity, and pollution transport over the Catalonia region
A regional modelling study of halogen chemistry within a volcanic plume of Mt Etna's Christmas 2018 eruption
Analysis of an intense O3 pollution episode in the Atlantic Coast of the Iberian Peninsula using photochemical modelling: characterization of transport pathways and accumulation processes
Constraining the budget of atmospheric carbonyl sulfide using a 3-D chemical transport model
Atmospheric CO2 inversion reveals the Amazon as a minor carbon source caused by fire emissions, with forest uptake offsetting about half of these emissions
Rapid O3 assimilations – Part 2: Tropospheric O3 changes accompanied by declining NOx emissions in the USA and Europe in 2005–2020
High-resolution air quality simulations of ozone exceedance events during the Lake Michigan Ozone Study
Simulations of winter ozone in the Upper Green River basin, Wyoming, using WRF-Chem
Measurement report: Assessment of Asian emissions of ethane and propane with a chemistry transport model based on observations from the island of Hateruma
Sensitivity of northeastern US surface ozone predictions to the representation of atmospheric chemistry in the Community Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Multiphase Mechanism (CRACMMv1.0)
Daytime isoprene nitrates under changing NOx and O3
Atmospheric data support a multi-decadal shift in the global methane budget towards natural tropical emissions
Air quality and related health impact in the UNECE region: source attribution and scenario analysis
Hannah Chawner, Eric Saboya, Karina E. Adcock, Tim Arnold, Yuri Artioli, Caroline Dylag, Grant L. Forster, Anita Ganesan, Heather Graven, Gennadi Lessin, Peter Levy, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Alistair Manning, Penelope A. Pickers, Chris Rennick, Christian Rödenbeck, and Matthew Rigby
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4231–4252, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4231-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4231-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The quantity of atmospheric potential oxygen (APO), derived from coincident measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2), has been proposed as a tracer for fossil fuel CO2 emissions. In this model sensitivity study, we examine the use of APO for this purpose in the UK and compare our model to observations. We find that our model simulations are most sensitive to uncertainties relating to ocean fluxes and boundary conditions.
Meng Li, Junichi Kurokawa, Qiang Zhang, Jung-Hun Woo, Tazuko Morikawa, Satoru Chatani, Zifeng Lu, Yu Song, Guannan Geng, Hanwen Hu, Jinseok Kim, Owen R. Cooper, and Brian C. McDonald
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3925–3952, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3925-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3925-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we developed MIXv2, a mosaic Asian emission inventory for 2010–2017. With high spatial (0.1°) and monthly temporal resolution, MIXv2 integrates anthropogenic and open biomass burning emissions across seven sectors following a mosaic methodology. It provides CO2 emissions data alongside nine key pollutants and three chemical mechanisms. Our publicly accessible gridded monthly emissions data can facilitate long-term atmospheric and climate model analyses.
Xiaomeng Zhang, Yongjian Lian, Shendong Tan, and Shi Yin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3593–3612, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3593-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3593-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) has a significant influence on the global climate, local air quality and human health. Using a combination of quantum chemical calculations and kinetics modeling, we find that thhe gas-phase organosulfate produced from consumption of SO3 can significantly enhance SA–DMA nucleation in the polluted boundary layer, resulting in non-negligible contributions to NPF. Our findings provide important insights into organic sulfur in atmospheric aerosol formation.
Linia Tashmim, William C. Porter, Qianjie Chen, Becky Alexander, Charles H. Fite, Christopher D. Holmes, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Betty Croft, and Sakiko Ishino
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3379–3403, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3379-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3379-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is mostly emitted from ocean surfaces and represents the largest natural source of sulfur for the atmosphere. Once in the atmosphere, DMS forms stable oxidation products such as SO2 and H2SO4, which can subsequently contribute to airborne particle formation and growth. In this study, we update the DMS oxidation mechanism in the chemical transport model GEOS-Chem and describe resulting changes in particle growth as well as the overall global sulfur budget.
Nan Wang, Yunsong Du, Dongyang Chen, Haiyan Meng, Xi Chen, Li Zhou, Guangming Shi, Yu Zhan, Miao Feng, Wei Li, Mulan Chen, Zhenliang Li, and Fumo Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3029–3042, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3029-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3029-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In the scorching August 2022 heatwave, China's Sichuan Basin saw a stark contrast in ozone (O3) levels between Chengdu and Chongqing. The regional disparities were studied considering meteorology, precursors, photochemistry, and transportation. The study highlighted the importance of tailored pollution control measures and underlined the necessity for region-specific strategies to combat O3 pollution on a regional scale.
Sebastian D. Eastham, Guillaume P. Chossière, Raymond L. Speth, Daniel J. Jacob, and Steven R. H. Barrett
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2687–2703, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2687-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2687-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Emissions from aircraft are known to cause air quality impacts worldwide, but the scale and mechanisms of this impact are not well understood. This work uses high-resolution computational modeling of the atmosphere to show that air pollution changes from aviation are mostly the result of emissions during cruise (high-altitude) operations, that these impacts are related to how much non-aviation pollution is present, and that prior regional assessments have underestimated these impacts.
Jean-François Müller, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, Glenn-Michael Oomen, Beata Opacka, Isabelle De Smedt, Alex Guenther, Corinne Vigouroux, Bavo Langerock, Carlos Augusto Bauer Aquino, Michel Grutter, James Hannigan, Frank Hase, Rigel Kivi, Erik Lutsch, Emmanuel Mahieu, Maria Makarova, Jean-Marc Metzger, Isamu Morino, Isao Murata, Tomoo Nagahama, Justus Notholt, Ivan Ortega, Mathias Palm, Amelie Röhling, Wolfgang Stremme, Kimberly Strong, Ralf Sussmann, Yao Té, and Alan Fried
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2207–2237, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2207-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2207-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Formaldehyde observations from satellites can be used to constrain the emissions of volatile organic compounds, but those observations have biases. Using an atmospheric model, aircraft and ground-based remote sensing data, we quantify these biases, propose a correction to the data, and assess the consequence of this correction for the evaluation of emissions.
Joël Thanwerdas, Marielle Saunois, Antoine Berchet, Isabelle Pison, and Philippe Bousquet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2129–2167, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2129-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2129-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the causes of the renewed growth of atmospheric methane (CH4) after 2007 using inverse modeling. We use the additional information provided by observations of CH4 isotopic compositions to better differentiate between the emission categories. Accounting for the large uncertainties in source signatures, our results suggest that the post-2007 increase in atmospheric CH4 was caused by similar increases in emissions from (1) fossil fuels and (2) agriculture and waste.
Heather Simon, Christian Hogrefe, Andrew Whitehill, Kristen M. Foley, Jennifer Liljegren, Norm Possiel, Benjamin Wells, Barron H. Henderson, Lukas C. Valin, Gail Tonnesen, K. Wyat Appel, and Shannon Koplitz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1855–1871, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1855-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1855-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We assess observed and modeled ozone weekend–weekday differences in the USA from 2002–2019. A subset of urban areas that were NOx-saturated at the beginning of the period transitioned to NOx-limited conditions. Multiple rural areas of California were NOx-limited for the entire period but become less influenced by local day-of-week emission patterns in more recent years. The model produces more NOx-saturated conditions than the observations but captures trends in weekend–weekday ozone patterns.
Ryan S. Williams, Michaela I. Hegglin, Patrick Jöckel, Hella Garny, and Keith P. Shine
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1389–1413, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1389-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1389-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
During winter, a brief but abrupt reversal of the mean stratospheric westerly flow (~30 km high) around the Arctic occurs ~6 times a decade. Using a chemistry–climate model, about half of these events are shown to induce large anomalies in Arctic ozone (>25 %) and water vapour (>±25 %) around ~8–12 km altitude for up to 2–3 months, important for weather forecasting. We also calculate a doubling to trebling of the risk in breaches of mid-latitude surface air quality (ozone) standards (~60 ppbv).
Rona L. Thompson, Stephen A. Montzka, Martin K. Vollmer, Jgor Arduini, Molly Crotwell, Paul B. Krummel, Chris Lunder, Jens Mühle, Simon O'Doherty, Ronald G. Prinn, Stefan Reimann, Isaac Vimont, Hsiang Wang, Ray F. Weiss, and Dickon Young
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1415–1427, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1415-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1415-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The hydroxyl radical determines the atmospheric lifetimes of numerous species including methane. Since OH is very short-lived, it is not possible to directly measure its concentration on scales relevant for understanding its effect on other species. Here, OH is inferred by looking at changes in hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). We find that OH levels have been fairly stable over our study period (2004 to 2021), suggesting that OH is not the main driver of the recent increase in atmospheric methane.
Zhendong Wu, Alex Vermeulen, Yousuke Sawa, Ute Karstens, Wouter Peters, Remco de Kok, Xin Lan, Yasuyuki Nagai, Akinori Ogi, and Oksana Tarasova
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1249–1264, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1249-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1249-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study focuses on exploring the differences in calculating global surface CO2 and its growth rate, considering the impact of analysis methodologies and site selection. Our study reveals that the current global CO2 network has a good capacity to represent global surface CO2 and its growth rate, as well as trends in atmospheric CO2 mass changes. However, small differences exist in different analyses due to the impact of methodology and site selection.
Yang Yang, Yang Zhou, Hailong Wang, Mengyun Li, Huimin Li, Pinya Wang, Xu Yue, Ke Li, Jia Zhu, and Hong Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1177–1191, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1177-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1177-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study reveals that extreme ozone pollution over the North China Plain and Yangtze River Delta is due to the chemical production related to hot and dry conditions, and the regional transport explains the ozone pollution over the Sichuan Basin and Pearl River Delta. The frequency of meteorological conditions of the extreme ozone pollution increases from the past to the future. The sustainable scenario is the optimal path to retaining clean air in China in the future.
Victoria A. Flood, Kimberly Strong, Cynthia H. Whaley, Kaley A. Walker, Thomas Blumenstock, James W. Hannigan, Johan Mellqvist, Justus Notholt, Mathias Palm, Amelie N. Röhling, Stephen Arnold, Stephen Beagley, Rong-You Chien, Jesper Christensen, Makoto Deushi, Srdjan Dobricic, Xinyi Dong, Joshua S. Fu, Michael Gauss, Wanmin Gong, Joakim Langner, Kathy S. Law, Louis Marelle, Tatsuo Onishi, Naga Oshima, David A. Plummer, Luca Pozzoli, Jean-Christophe Raut, Manu A. Thomas, Svetlana Tsyro, and Steven Turnock
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1079–1118, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1079-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1079-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
It is important to understand the composition of the Arctic atmosphere and how it is changing. Atmospheric models provide simulations that can inform policy. This study examines simulations of CH4, CO, and O3 by 11 models. Model performance is assessed by comparing results matched in space and time to measurements from five high-latitude ground-based infrared spectrometers. This work finds that models generally underpredict the concentrations of these gases in the Arctic troposphere.
Roger Teoh, Zebediah Engberg, Marc Shapiro, Lynnette Dray, and Marc E. J. Stettler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 725–744, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-725-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-725-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Emissions from aircraft contribute to climate change and degrade air quality. We describe an up-to-date 4D emissions inventory of global aviation from 2019 to 2021 based on actual flown trajectories. In 2019, 40.2 million flights collectively travelled 61 billion kilometres using 283 Tg of fuel. Long-haul flights were responsible for 43 % of CO2. The emissions inventory is made available for use in future studies to evaluate the negative externalities arising from global aviation.
Jonas Hachmeister, Oliver Schneising, Michael Buchwitz, John P. Burrows, Justus Notholt, and Matthias Buschmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 577–595, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-577-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-577-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We quantified changes in atmospheric methane concentrations using satellite data and a dynamic linear model approach. We calculated global annual methane increases for the years 2019–2022, which are in good agreement with other sources. For zonal methane growth rates, we identified strong inter-hemispheric differences in 2019 and 2022. For 2022, we could attribute decreases in the global growth rate to the Northern Hemisphere, possibly related to a reduction in anthropogenic emissions.
Glenn-Michael Oomen, Jean-François Müller, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, Isabelle De Smedt, Thomas Blumenstock, Rigel Kivi, Maria Makarova, Mathias Palm, Amelie Röhling, Yao Té, Corinne Vigouroux, Martina M. Friedrich, Udo Frieß, François Hendrick, Alexis Merlaud, Ankie Piters, Andreas Richter, Michel Van Roozendael, and Thomas Wagner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 449–474, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-449-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-449-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Natural emissions from vegetation have a profound impact on air quality for their role in the formation of harmful tropospheric ozone and organic aerosols, yet these emissions are highly uncertain. In this study, we quantify emissions of organic gases over Europe using high-quality satellite measurements of formaldehyde. These satellite observations suggest that emissions from vegetation are much higher than predicted by models, especially in southern Europe.
Yongliang She, Jingyi Li, Xiaopu Lyu, Hai Guo, Momei Qin, Xiaodong Xie, Kangjia Gong, Fei Ye, Jianjiong Mao, Lin Huang, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 219–233, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-219-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-219-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we use multi-site volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements to evaluate the CMAQ-model-predicted VOCs and assess the impacts of VOC bias on O3 simulation. Our results demonstrate that current modeling setups and emission inventories are likely to underpredict VOC concentrations, and this underprediction of VOCs contributes to lower O3 predictions in China.
Peiyang Cheng, Arastoo Pour-Biazar, Yuling Wu, Shi Kuang, Richard T. McNider, and William J. Koshak
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 41–63, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-41-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-41-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Lightning-induced nitrogen monoxide (LNO) emission can be estimated from geostationary satellite observations. The present study uses the LNO emission estimates derived from geostationary satellite observations in an air quality modeling system to investigate the impact of LNO on air quality. Results indicate that significant ozone increase could be due to long-distance chemical transport, lightning activity in the upwind direction, and the mixing of high LNO (or ozone) plumes.
Christian Rödenbeck, Karina E. Adcock, Markus Eritt, Maksym Gachkivskyi, Christoph Gerbig, Samuel Hammer, Armin Jordan, Ralph F. Keeling, Ingeborg Levin, Fabian Maier, Andrew C. Manning, Heiko Moossen, Saqr Munassar, Penelope A. Pickers, Michael Rothe, Yasunori Tohjima, and Sönke Zaehle
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15767–15782, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15767-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15767-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The carbon dioxide content of the Earth atmosphere is increasing due to human emissions from burning of fossil fuels, causing global climate change. The strength of the fossil-fuel emissions is estimated by inventories based on energy data, but independent validation of these inventories has been recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Here we investigate the potential to validate inventories based on measurements of small changes in the atmospheric oxygen content.
Xuewei Hou, Oliver Wild, Bin Zhu, and James Lee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15395–15411, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15395-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15395-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In response to the climate crisis, many countries have committed to net zero in a certain future year. The impacts of net-zero scenarios on tropospheric O3 are less well studied and remain unclear. In this study, we quantified the changes of tropospheric O3 budgets, spatiotemporal distributions of future surface O3 in east Asia and regional O3 source contributions for 2060 under a net-zero scenario using the NCAR Community Earth System Model (CESM) and online O3-tagging methods.
Meghna Soni, Rolf Sander, Lokesh K. Sahu, Domenico Taraborrelli, Pengfei Liu, Ankit Patel, Imran A. Girach, Andrea Pozzer, Sachin S. Gunthe, and Narendra Ojha
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15165–15180, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15165-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15165-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The study presents the implementation of comprehensive multiphase chlorine chemistry in the box model CAABA/MECCA. Simulations for contrasting urban environments of Asia and Europe highlight the significant impacts of chlorine on atmospheric oxidation capacity and composition. Chemical processes governing the production and loss of chlorine-containing species has been discussed. The updated chemical mechanism will be useful to interpret field measurements and for future air quality studies.
Ling Huang, Jiong Fang, Jiaqiang Liao, Greg Yarwood, Hui Chen, Yangjun Wang, and Li Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14919–14932, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14919-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14919-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Surface ozone concentrations have emerged as a major environmental issue in China. Although control strategies aimed at reducing NOx emissions from conventional combustion sources are widely recognized, soil NOx emissions have received little attention. The impact of soil NO emissions on ground-level ozone concentration is yet to be evaluated. In this study, we estimated the soil NO emissions and evaluated its impact on ozone formation in China.
Ben A. Cala, Scott Archer-Nicholls, James Weber, N. Luke Abraham, Paul T. Griffiths, Lorrie Jacob, Y. Matthew Shin, Laura E. Revell, Matthew Woodhouse, and Alexander T. Archibald
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14735–14760, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14735-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14735-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is an important trace gas emitted from the ocean recognised as setting the sulfate aerosol background, but its oxidation is complex. As a result representation in chemistry-climate models is greatly simplified. We develop and compare a new mechanism to existing mechanisms via a series of global and box model experiments. Our studies show our updated DMS scheme is a significant improvement but significant variance exists between mechanisms.
Qindan Zhu, Rebecca H. Schwantes, Matthew Coggon, Colin Harkins, Jordan Schnell, Jian He, Havala O. T. Pye, Meng Li, Barry Baker, Zachary Moon, Ravan Ahmadov, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Bryan Place, Paul Wooldridge, Benjamin C. Schulze, Caleb Arata, Anthony Bucholtz, John H. Seinfeld, Carsten Warneke, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Lu Xu, Kristen Zuraski, Michael A. Robinson, Andy Neuman, Patrick R. Veres, Jeff Peischl, Steven S. Brown, Allen H. Goldstein, Ronald C. Cohen, and Brian C. McDonald
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2742, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2742, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) fuel the production of air pollutants like ozone and particulate matter. The representation of VOC chemistry remains challenging due to its complexity in speciation and reactions. Here, we develop a chemical mechanism, RACM2B-VCP, that better represent VOCs chemistry in urban areas such as Los Angeles. We also discuss the contribution of VOCs emitted from Volatile Chemical Products and other anthropogenic sources to total VOC reactivity and O3.
Christoph Staehle, Harald E. Rieder, and Arlene M. Fiore
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2743, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2743, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Chemistry-climate models show biases compared to surface ozone observations, and thus require bias-correction for impact studies and the assessment of air quality changes. We compare the performance of commonly used correction techniques for model outputs available via CMIP6. While all methods can reduce model biases, better results are obtained for more complex approaches. Thus, our study suggests broader use of these techniques in studies seeking to inform air quality management and policy.
Jianing Dai, Guy P. Brasseur, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Maria Kanakidou, Kun Qu, Yijuan Zhang, Hongliang Zhang, and Tao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14127–14158, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14127-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14127-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we used a regional chemical transport model to characterize the different parameters of atmospheric oxidative capacity in recent chemical environments in China. These parameters include the production and destruction rates of ozone and other oxidants, the ozone production efficiency, the OH reactivity, and the length of the reaction chain responsible for the formation of ozone and ROx. They are also affected by the aerosol burden in the atmosphere.
Zhenze Liu, Oliver Wild, Ruth M. Doherty, Fiona M. O'Connor, and Steven T. Turnock
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13755–13768, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13755-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13755-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the impact of net-zero policies on surface ozone pollution in China. A chemistry–climate model is used to simulate ozone changes driven by local and external emissions, methane, and warmer climates. A deep learning model is applied to generate more robust ozone projection, and we find that the benefits of net-zero policies may be overestimated with the chemistry–climate model. Nevertheless, it is clear that the policies can still substantially reduce ozone pollution in future.
Gemma Purser, Mathew R. Heal, Edward J. Carnell, Stephen Bathgate, Julia Drewer, James I. L. Morison, and Massimo Vieno
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13713–13733, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13713-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13713-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Forest expansion is a ″net-zero“ pathway, but change in land cover alters air quality in many ways. This study combines tree planting suitability data with UK measured emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds to simulate spatial and temporal changes in atmospheric composition for planting scenarios of four species. Decreases in fine particulate matter are relatively larger than increases in ozone, which may indicate a net benefit of tree planting on human health aspects of air quality.
Wei Li, Yuxuan Wang, Xueying Liu, Ehsan Soleimanian, Travis Griggs, James Flynn, and Paul Walter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13685–13699, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13685-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13685-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study examined high offshore ozone events in Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, using boat data and WRF–CAMx modeling during the TRACER-AQ 2021 field campaign. On average, high ozone is caused by chemistry due to the regional transport of volatile organic compounds and downwind advection of NOx from the ship channel. Two case studies show advection of ozone can be another process leading to high ozone, and accurate wind prediction is crucial for air quality forecasting in coastal areas.
Richard G. Derwent, David D. Parrish, and Ian C. Faloona
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13613–13623, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13613-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13613-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Elevated tropospheric ozone concentrations driven by anthropogenic precursor emissions are a world-wide health and environmental concern; however, this issue lacks a generally accepted understanding of the scientific issues. Here, we briefly outline the elements required to conduct an international assessment process to establish a conceptual model of the underpinning science and motivate international policy forums for regulating ozone production over hemispheric and global scales.
Nicola J. Warwick, Alex T. Archibald, Paul T. Griffiths, James Keeble, Fiona M. O'Connor, John A. Pyle, and Keith P. Shine
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13451–13467, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13451-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13451-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A chemistry–climate model has been used to explore the atmospheric response to changes in emissions of hydrogen and other species associated with a shift from fossil fuel to hydrogen use. Leakage of hydrogen results in indirect global warming, offsetting greenhouse gas emission reductions from reduced fossil fuel use. To maximise the benefit of hydrogen as an energy source, hydrogen leakage and emissions of methane, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides should be minimised.
Susanna Strada, Andrea Pozzer, Graziano Giuliani, Erika Coppola, Fabien Solmon, Xiaoyan Jiang, Alex Guenther, Efstratios Bourtsoukidis, Dominique Serça, Jonathan Williams, and Filippo Giorgi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13301–13327, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13301-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13301-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Water deficit modifies emissions of isoprene, an aromatic compound released by plants that influences the production of an air pollutant such as ozone. Numerical modelling shows that, during the warmest and driest summers, isoprene decreases between −20 and −60 % over the Euro-Mediterranean region, while near-surface ozone only diminishes by a few percent. Decreases in isoprene emissions not only happen under dry conditions, but also could occur after prolonged or repeated water deficits.
Guowen He, Cheng He, Haofan Wang, Xiao Lu, Chenglei Pei, Xiaonuan Qiu, Chenxi Liu, Yiming Wang, Nanxi Liu, Jinpu Zhang, Lei Lei, Yiming Liu, Haichao Wang, Tao Deng, Qi Fan, and Shaojia Fan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13107–13124, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13107-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13107-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze nighttime ozone in the lower boundary layer (up to 500 m) from the 2017–2019 measurements at the Canton Tower and the WRF-CMAQ model. We identify a strong ability of the residual layer to store daytime ozone in the convective mixing layer, investigate the chemical and meteorological factors controlling nighttime ozone in the residual layer, and quantify the contribution of nighttime ozone in the residual layer to both the nighttime and the following day’s surface ozone air quality.
Clara M. Nussbaumer, Horst Fischer, Jos Lelieveld, and Andrea Pozzer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12651–12669, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12651-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12651-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone is a greenhouse gas and contributes to the earth’s radiative energy budget and therefore to global warming. This effect is the largest in the upper troposphere. In this study, we investigate the processes controlling ozone formation and the sensitivity to its precursors in the upper tropical troposphere based on model simulations by the ECHAM5/MESSy2 Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model. We find that NO𝑥 emissions from lightning most importantly affect ozone chemistry at these altitudes.
Audrey Fortems-Cheiney, Gregoire Broquet, Elise Potier, Robin Plauchu, Antoine Berchet, Isabelle Pison, Hugo A. C. Denier van der Gon, and Stijn N. C. Dellaert
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1981, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1981, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We have estimated the carbon monixide (CO) European emissions from satellite observations of the MOPITT instrument , at the relatively high resolution of 0.5°, for a period of over 10 years from 2011 to 2021. The analysis of the inversion results reveals the challenges associated with the inversion of CO emissions at the regional scale over Europe.
David de la Paz, Rafael Borge, Juan Manuel de Andrés, Luis Miguel Tovar, Golam Sarwar, and Sergey L. Napelenok
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2056, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2056, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This modelling study shows that around 70 % of ground-level ozone (O3) in Madrid (Spain) is transported from other regions. Nonetheless, local sources, mainly road traffic, play a significant role, specially under stagnation conditions associated to regional air recirculation. Our results suggest that local measures may be effective to reduce O3 peaks (potentially, up to 30 %) and thus, reduce impacts from high-O3 episodes in the Madrid metropolitan area.
Alba Badia, Veronica Vidal, Sergi Ventura, Roger Curcoll, Ricard Segura, and Gara Villalba
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10751–10774, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10751-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10751-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Improving air quality is a top priority in urban areas. In this study, we used an air quality model to analyse the air quality changes occurring over the metropolitan area of Barcelona and other rural areas affected by transport of the atmospheric plume from the city during mobility restrictions. Our results show that mitigation strategies intended to reduce O3 should be designed according to the local meteorology, air transport, and particular ozone chemistry of the urban area.
Herizo Narivelo, Paul David Hamer, Virginie Marécal, Luke Surl, Tjarda Roberts, Sophie Pelletier, Béatrice Josse, Jonathan Guth, Mickaël Bacles, Simon Warnach, Thomas Wagner, Stefano Corradini, Giuseppe Salerno, and Lorenzo Guerrieri
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10533–10561, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10533-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10533-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Volcanic emissions emit large quantities of gases and primary aerosols that can play an important role in atmospheric chemistry. We present a study of the fate of volcanic bromine emissions from the eruption of Mount Etna around Christmas 2018. Using a numerical model and satellite observations, we analyse the impact of the volcanic plume and how it modifies the composition of the air over the whole Mediterranean basin, in particular on tropospheric ozone through the bromine-explosion cycle.
Eduardo Torre-Pascual, Gotzon Gangoiti, Ana Rodríguez-García, Estíbaliz Sáez de Cámara, Joana Ferreira, Carla Gama, María Carmen Gómez, Iñaki Zuazo, Jose Antonio García, and Maite de Blas
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-387, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-387, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present an analysis of an intense air pollution episode of tropospheric ozone over the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula, with measured and simulated parameters. Our analysis based not only on surface parameters but also on altitude parameters shows that the described episode may occur due to the accumulation of O3 in the upper layers of the atmosphere during previous days. That air mass will be transported to surface layers producing a sharp increase in O3 concentrations.
Michael P. Cartwright, Richard J. Pope, Jeremy J. Harrison, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Chris Wilson, Wuhu Feng, David P. Moore, and Parvadha Suntharalingam
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10035–10056, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10035-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10035-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A 3-D chemical transport model, TOMCAT, is used to simulate global atmospheric carbonyl sulfide (OCS) distribution. Modelled OCS compares well with satellite observations of OCS from limb-sounding satellite observations. Model simulations also compare adequately with surface and atmospheric observations and suitably capture the seasonality of OCS and background concentrations.
Luana S. Basso, Chris Wilson, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Graciela Tejada, Henrique L. G. Cassol, Egídio Arai, Mathew Williams, T. Luke Smallman, Wouter Peters, Stijn Naus, John B. Miller, and Manuel Gloor
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9685–9723, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9685-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9685-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Amazon’s carbon balance may have changed due to forest degradation, deforestation and warmer climate. We used an atmospheric model and atmospheric CO2 observations to quantify Amazonian carbon emissions (2010–2018). The region was a small carbon source to the atmosphere, mostly due to fire emissions. Forest uptake compensated for ~ 50 % of the fire emissions, meaning that the remaining forest is still a small carbon sink. We found no clear evidence of weakening carbon uptake over the period.
Rui Zhu, Zhaojun Tang, Xiaokang Chen, Xiong Liu, and Zhe Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9745–9763, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9745-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9745-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and surface O3 observations are used to investigate the changes in tropospheric O3 in the USA and Europe in 2005–2020. The surface-based assimilations show limited changes in surface and tropospheric column O3. The OMI-based assimilations show larger decreases in tropospheric O3 columns in 2010–2014, related to a decline in free-tropospheric NO2. Analysis suggests limited impacts of local emissions decline on tropospheric O3 over the USA and Europe in 2005–2020.
R. Bradley Pierce, Monica Harkey, Allen Lenzen, Lee M. Cronce, Jason A. Otkin, Jonathan L. Case, David S. Henderson, Zac Adelman, Tsengel Nergui, and Christopher R. Hain
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9613–9635, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9613-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9613-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate two high-resolution model simulations with different meteorological inputs but identical chemistry and anthropogenic emissions, with the goal of identifying a model configuration best suited for characterizing air quality in locations where lake breezes commonly affect local air quality along the Lake Michigan shoreline. This analysis complements other studies in evaluating the impact of meteorological inputs and parameterizations on air quality in a complex environment.
Shreta Ghimire, Zachary J. Lebo, Shane Murphy, Stefan Rahimi, and Trang Tran
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9413–9438, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9413-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9413-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
High wintertime ozone levels have occurred often in recent years in mountain basins with oil and gas production facilities. Photochemical modeling of ozone production serves as a basis for understanding the mechanism by which it occurs and for predictive capability. We present photochemical model simulations of ozone formation and accumulation in the Upper Green River basin, Wyoming, demonstrating the model's ability to simulate wintertime ozone and the sensitivity of ozone to its precursors.
Adedayo R. Adedeji, Stephen J. Andrews, Matthew J. Rowlinson, Mathew J. Evans, Alastair C. Lewis, Shigeru Hashimoto, Hitoshi Mukai, Hiroshi Tanimoto, Yasunori Tohjima, and Takuya Saito
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9229–9244, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9229-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9229-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We use the GEOS-Chem model to interpret observations of CO, C2H6, C3H8, NOx, NOy and O3 made from Hateruma Island in 2018. The model captures many synoptic-scale events and the seasonality of most pollutants at the site but underestimates C2H6 and C3H8 during the winter. These underestimates are unlikely to be reconciled by increases in biomass burning emissions but could be reconciled by increasing the Asian anthropogenic source of C2H6 and C3H8 by factors of around 2 and 3, respectively.
Bryan K. Place, William T. Hutzell, K. Wyat Appel, Sara Farrell, Lukas Valin, Benjamin N. Murphy, Karl M. Seltzer, Golam Sarwar, Christine Allen, Ivan R. Piletic, Emma L. D'Ambro, Emily Saunders, Heather Simon, Ana Torres-Vasquez, Jonathan Pleim, Rebecca H. Schwantes, Matthew M. Coggon, Lu Xu, William R. Stockwell, and Havala O. T. Pye
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9173–9190, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9173-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9173-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ground-level ozone is a pollutant with adverse human health and ecosystem effects. Air quality models allow scientists to understand the chemical production of ozone and demonstrate impacts of air quality management plans. In this work, the role of multiple systems in ozone production was investigated for the northeastern US in summer. Model updates to chemical reaction rates and monoterpene chemistry were most influential in decreasing predicted ozone and improving agreement with observations.
Alfred W. Mayhew, Peter M. Edwards, and Jaqueline F. Hamilton
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8473–8485, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8473-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8473-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Isoprene nitrates are chemical species commonly found in the atmosphere that are important for their impacts on air quality and climate. This paper investigates modelled changes to daytime isoprene nitrate concentrations resulting from changes in NOx and O3. The results highlight the complex, nonlinear chemistry of this group of species under typical conditions for megacities such as Beijing, with many species showing increased concentrations when NOx is decreased and/or ozone is increased.
Alice Drinkwater, Paul I. Palmer, Liang Feng, Tim Arnold, Xin Lan, Sylvia E. Michel, Robert Parker, and Hartmut Boesch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8429–8452, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8429-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8429-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in atmospheric methane over the last few decades are largely unexplained. Previous studies have proposed different hypotheses to explain short-term changes in atmospheric methane. We interpret observed changes in atmospheric methane and stable isotope source signatures (2004–2020). We argue that changes over this period are part of a large-scale shift from high-northern-latitude thermogenic energy emissions to tropical biogenic emissions, particularly from North Africa and South America.
Claudio A. Belis and Rita Van Dingenen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8225–8240, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8225-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8225-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The study assesses the influence that abating emissions in the rest of the world have on exposure and mortality due to ozone and fine particulate matter in the region covered by the Gothenburg protocol (UNECE, mainly Europe and North America). To that end, the impacts of pollutants derived from different geographic areas and anthropogenic sources are analysed in a series of scenarios including measures to abate air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions with different levels of ambition.
Cited articles
ACRI-ST: GlobColour Project, https://globcolour.info/, last access: 5 May 2022.
Appel, K. W., Bash, J. O., Fahey, K. M., Foley, K. M., Gilliam, R. C.,
Hogrefe, C., Hutzell, W. T., Kang, D. W., Mathur, R., Murphy, B. N.,
Napelenok, S. L., Nolte, C. G., Pleim, J. E., Pouliot, G. A., Pye, H. O. T.,
Ran, L. M., Roselle, S. J., Sarwar, G., Schwede, D. B., Sidi, F. I., Spero,
T. L., and Wong, D. C.: The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model
versions 5.3 and 5.3.1: system updates and evaluation, Geosci. Model
Dev., 14, 2867–2897, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2867-2021, 2021.
Barthel, S., Tegen, I., and Wolke, R.: Do new sea spray aerosol source
functions improve the results of a regional aerosol model?, Atmos.
Environ., 198, 265–278, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.10.016, 2019.
Carpenter, L. J., MacDonald, S. M., Shaw, M. D., Kumar, R., Saunders, R. W.,
Parthipan, R., Wilson, J., and Plane, J. M. C.: Atmospheric iodine levels
influenced by sea surface emissions of inorganic iodine, Nat. Geosci.,
6, 108–111, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1687, 2013.
Carpenter, L. J., Chance, R. J., Sherwen, T., Adams, T. J., Ball, S. M.,
Evans, M. J., Hepach, H., Hollis, L. D. J., Hughes, C., Jickells, T. D.,
Mahajan, A., Stevens, D. P., Tinel, L., and Wadley, M. R.: Marine iodine
emissions in a changing world, Proc. R. Soc.
A, 477, 20200824, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2020.0824, 2021.
Chance, R., Baker, A. R., Carpenter, L., and Jickells, T. D.: The
distribution of iodide at the sea surface, Environ. Sci.-Proc. Imp., 16, 1841–1859, https://doi.org/10.1039/c4em00139g, 2014.
Chang, W. N., Heikes, B. G., and Lee, M. H.: Ozone deposition to the sea
surface: chemical enhancement and wind speed dependence, Atmos.
Environ., 38, 1053–1059, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.10.050, 2004.
Chen, Q., Schmidt, J. A., Shah, V., Jaegle, L., Sherwen, T., and Alexander,
B.: Sulfate production by reactive bromine: Implications for the global
sulfur and reactive bromine budgets, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44,
7069–7078, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017gl073812, 2017.
China National Environmental Monitoring Center: China National Urban air quality real-time publishing platform, https://air.cnemc.cn:18007/, last access: 5 May 2022.
Dai, J. N., Liu, Y. M., Wang, P., Fu, X., Xia, M., and Wang, T.: The impact
of sea-salt chloride on ozone through heterogeneous reaction with
N2O5 in a coastal region of south China, Atmos. Environ.,
236, 117604, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117604, 2020.
Emery, C., Liu, Z., Russell, A. G., Odman, M. T., Yarwood, G., and Kumar,
N.: Recommendations on statistics and benchmarks to assess photochemical
model performance, J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 67,
582–598, https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2016.1265027, 2017.
Engel, A., Rigby, M., Burkholder, J., Fernandez, R., Froidevaux, L., Hall,
B., Hossaini, R., Saito, T., Vollmer, M., and Yao, B. J. S. A. O. O. D.:
Update on Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODSs) and Other Gases of Interest to
the Montreal Protocol, in: Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project–Report No. 58, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland,
1–87, ISBN 978-1-7329317-1-8, 2019.
Fairall, C. W., Helmig, D., Ganzeveld, L., and Hare, J.: Water-side
turbulence enhancement of ozone deposition to the ocean, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 443–451, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-443-2007, 2007.
Fan, S., Li, Y., and Liu, C.: Are Environmentally Friendly Fireworks Really
”Green” for Air Quality? A Study from the 2019 National Day Fireworks
Display in Shenzhen, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 3520–3529, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c03521, 2021.
Fittschen, C., Al Ajami, M., Batut, S., Ferracci, V., Archer-Nicholls, S.,
Archibald, A. T., and Schoemaecker, C.: ROOOH: a missing piece of the puzzle
for OH measurements in low-NO environments?, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 19, 349–362, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-349-2019, 2019.
Fuchs, H., Hofzumahaus, A., Rohrer, F., Bohn, B., Brauers, T., Dorn, H. P.,
Haseler, R., Holland, F., Kaminski, M., Li, X., Lu, K., Nehr, S., Tillmann,
R., Wegener, R., and Wahner, A.: Experimental evidence for efficient
hydroxyl radical regeneration in isoprene oxidation, Nat. Geosci., 6,
1023–1026, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1964, 2013.
Gantt, B., Kelly, J. T., and Bash, J. O.: Updating sea spray aerosol
emissions in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model version
5.0.2, Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 3733–3746, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3733-2015, 2015.
Gao, J., Li, Y., Zhu, B., Hu, B., Wang, L., and Bao, F.: What have we missed
when studying the impact of aerosols on surface ozone via changing
photolysis rates?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10831–10844, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10831-2020, 2020.
Gao, J., Li, Y., Xie, Z., Hu, B., Wang, L., Bao, F., and Fan, S.: The impact
of the aerosol reduction on the worsening ozone pollution over the
Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region via influencing photolysis rates, Sci.
Total Environ., 821, 153197, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153197, 2022.
Gao, M., Gao, J. H., Zhu, B., Kumar, R., Lu, X., Song, S. J., Zhang, Y. Z.,
Jia, B. X., Wang, P., Beig, G. R., Hu, J. L., Ying, Q., Zhang, H. L.,
Sherman, P., and McElroy, M. B.: Ozone pollution over China and India:
seasonality and sources, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4399–4414, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4399-2020, 2020.
Gong, S. L.: A parameterization of sea-salt aerosol source function for sub-
and super-micron particles, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 17, 1097, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gb002079, 2003.
Großmann, K., Friess, U., Peters, E., Wittrock, F., Lampel, J., Yilmaz,
S., Tschritter, J., Sommariva, R., von Glasow, R., Quack, B., Kruger, K.,
Pfeilsticker, K., and Platt, U.: Iodine monoxide in the Western Pacific
marine boundary layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3363–3378, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3363-2013, 2013.
Grythe, H., Strom, J., Krejci, R., Quinn, P., and Stohl, A.: A review of
sea-spray aerosol source functions using a large global set of sea salt
aerosol concentration measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14,
1277–1297, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1277-2014, 2014.
Guenther, A. B., Jiang, X., Heald, C. L., Sakulyanontvittaya, T., Duhl, T.,
Emmons, L. K., and Wang, X.: The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols
from Nature version 2.1 (MEGAN2.1): an extended and updated framework for
modeling biogenic emissions, Geosci. Model Dev., 5, 1471–1492, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1471-2012, 2012.
Hofzumahaus, A., Rohrer, F., Lu, K. D., Bohn, B., Brauers, T., Chang, C. C.,
Fuchs, H., Holland, F., Kita, K., Kondo, Y., Li, X., Lou, S. R., Shao, M.,
Zeng, L. M., Wahner, A., and Zhang, Y. H.: Amplified Trace Gas Removal in
the Troposphere, Science, 324, 1702–1704, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1164566, 2009.
Hu, L., Jacob, D. J., Liu, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, L., Kim, P. S., Sulprizio,
M. P., and Yantosca, R. M.: Global budget of tropospheric ozone: Evaluating
recent model advances with satellite (OMI), aircraft (IAGOS), and ozonesonde
observations, Atmos. Environ., 167, 323–334, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.08.036, 2017.
Huang, Y., Lu, X., Fung, J. C. H., Sarwar, G., Li, Z., Li, Q., Saiz-Lopez,
A., and Lau, A. K. H.: Effect of bromine and iodine chemistry on
tropospheric ozone over Asia-Pacific using the CMAQ model, Chemosphere, 262,
127595–127595, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127595, 2020.
Inamdar, S., Tinel, L., Chance, R., Carpenter, L. J., Sabu, P., Chacko, R.,
Tripathy, S. C., Kerkar, A. U., Sinha, A. K., Bhaskar, P. V., Sarkar, A.,
Roy, R., Sherwen, T., Cuevas, C., Saiz-Lopez, A., Ram, K., and Mahajan, A.
S.: Estimation of reactive inorganic iodine fluxes in the Indian and
Southern Ocean marine boundary layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20,
12093–12114, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12093-2020, 2020.
Jaeglé, L., Quinn, P. K., Bates, T. S., Alexander, B., and Lin, J. T.:
Global distribution of sea salt aerosols: new constraints from in situ and
remote sensing observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11,
3137–3157, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3137-2011, 2011.
Kanaya, Y., Yokouchi, Y., Matsumoto, J., Nakamura, K., Kato, S., Tanimoto,
H., Furutani, H., Toyota, K., and Akimoto, H.: Implications of iodine
chemistry for daytime HO2 levels at Rishiri Island, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 29, 1212, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gl014061, 2002.
Kelly, J. T., Bhave, P. V., Nolte, C. G., Shankar, U., and Foley, K. M.:
Simulating emission and chemical evolution of coarse sea-salt particles in
the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, Geosci. Model Dev., 3, 257–273, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-3-257-2010, 2010.
Koenig, T. K., Volkamer, R., Baidar, S., Dix, B., Wang, S. Y., Anderson, D.
C., Salawitch, R. J., Wales, P. A., Cuevas, C. A., Fernandez, R. P.,
Saiz-Lopez, A., Evans, M. J., Sherwen, T., Jacob, D. J., Schmidt, J.,
Kinnison, D., Lamarque, J. F., Apel, E. C., Bresch, J. C., Campos, T.,
Flocke, F. M., Hall, S. R., Honomichl, S. B., Hornbrook, R., Jensen, J. B.,
Lueb, R., Montzka, D. D., Pan, L. L., Reeves, J. M., Schauffler, S. M.,
Ullmann, K., Weinheimer, A. J., Atlas, E. L., Donets, V., Navarro, M. A.,
Riemer, D., Blake, N. J., Chen, D. X., Huey, L. G., Tanner, D. J., Hanisco,
T. F., and Wolfe, G. M.: BrO and inferred Br-y profiles over the western
Pacific: relevance of inorganic bromine sources and a Br-y minimum in the
aged tropical tropopause layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17,
15245–15270, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-15245-2017, 2017.
Le Breton, M., Bannan, T. J., Shallcross, D. E., Khan, M. A., Evans, M. J.,
Lee, J., Lidster, R., Andrews, S., Carpenter, L. J., Schmidt, J., Jacob, D.,
Harris, N. R. P., Bauguitte, S., Gallagher, M., Bacak, A., Leather, K. E.,
and Percival, C. J.: Enhanced ozone loss by active inorganic bromine
chemistry in the tropical troposphere, Atmos. Environ., 155, 21–28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.02.003, 2017.
Lelieveld, J., Butler, T. M., Crowley, J. N., Dillon, T. J., Fischer, H.,
Ganzeveld, L., Harder, H., Lawrence, M. G., Martinez, M., Taraborrelli, D.,
and Williams, J.: Atmospheric oxidation capacity sustained by a tropical
forest, Nature, 452, 737–740, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06870, 2008.
Lennartz, S. T., Krysztofiak, G., Marandino, C. A., Sinnhuber, B. M.,
Tegtmeier, S., Ziska, F., Hossaini, R., Kruger, K., Montzka, S. A., Atlas,
E., Oram, D. E., Keber, T., Bonisch, H., and Quack, B.: Modelling marine
emissions and atmospheric distributions of halocarbons and dimethyl sulfide:
the influence of prescribed water concentration vs. prescribed emissions,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11753–11772, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11753-2015, 2015.
Li, Q. Y., Borge, R., Sarwar, G., de la Paz, D., Gantt, B., Domingo, J.,
Cuevas, C. A., and Saiz-Lopez, A.: Impact of halogen chemistry on summertime
air quality in coastal and continental Europe: application of the CMAQ model
and implications for regulation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19,
15321–15337, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15321-2019, 2019.
Li, Q. Y., Badia, A., Wang, T., Sarwar, G., Fu, X., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q.,
Fung, J., Cuevas, C. A., Wang, S. S., Zhou, B., and Saiz-Lopez, A.:
Potential Effect of Halogens on Atmospheric Oxidation and Air Quality in
China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, e2019JD032058, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jd032058, 2020.
Li, Y., Zhao, X., Deng, X., and Gao, J.: The impact of peripheral
circulation characteristics of typhoon on sustained ozone episodes over the
Pearl River Delta region, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22,
3861–3873, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3861-2022, 2022.
Liu, S., Liu, C.-C., Froyd, K. D., Schill, G. P., Murphy, D. M., Bui, T. P.,
Dean-Day, J. M., Weinzierl, B., Dollner, M., Diskin, G. S., Chen, G., and
Gao, R.-S.: Sea spray aerosol concentration modulated by sea surface
temperature, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 118,
e2020583118, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020583118, 2021.
Liu, Y. L., Nie, W., Xu, Z., Wang, T. Y., Wang, R. X., Li, Y. Y., Wang, L.,
Chi, X. G., and Ding, A. J.: Semi-quantitative understanding of source
contribution to nitrous acid (HONO) based on 1 year of continuous
observation at the SORPES station in eastern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 13289–13308, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13289-2019, 2019.
Loades, D. C., Yang, M. X., Belli, T. G., Vaughan, A. R., Pound, R. J.,
Metzger, S., Lee, J. D., and Carpenter, L. J.: Ozone deposition to a coastal
sea: comparison of eddy covariance observations with reactive air-sea
exchange models, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6915–6931, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6915-2020, 2020.
Lu, K. D., Guo, S., Tan, Z. F., Wang, H. C., Shang, D. J., Liu, Y. H., Li,
X., Wu, Z. J., Hu, M., and Zhang, Y. H.: Exploring atmospheric free-radical
chemistry in China: the self-cleansing capacity and the formation of
secondary air pollution, Nat. Sci. Rev., 6, 579–594, https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwy073, 2019a.
Lu, X., Zhang, L., Chen, Y., Zhou, M., Zheng, B., Li, K., Liu, Y., Lin, J.,
Fu, T. M., and Zhang, Q.: Exploring 2016–2017 surface ozone pollution over
China: source contributions and meteorological influences, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8339–8361, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8339-2019, 2019b.
Luhar, A. K., Galbally, I. E., Woodhouse, M. T., and Thatcher, M.: An
improved parameterisation of ozone dry deposition to the ocean and its
impact in a global climate-chemistry model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3749–3767, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3749-2017, 2017.
Luhar, A. K., Woodhouse, M. T., and Galbally, I. E.: A revised global ozone
dry deposition estimate based on a new two-layer parameterisation for
air-sea exchange and the multi-year MACC composition reanalysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 4329–4348, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4329-2018, 2018.
MacDonald, S. M., Martin, J. C. G., Chance, R., Warriner, S., Saiz-Lopez,
A., Carpenter, L. J., and Plane, J. M. C.: A laboratory characterisation of
inorganic iodine emissions from the sea surface: dependence on oceanic
variables and parameterisation for global modelling, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 5841–5852, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5841-2014, 2014.
Mahajan, A. S., Li, Q., Inamdar, S., Ram, K., Badia, A., and Saiz-Lopez, A.:
Modelling the impacts of iodine chemistry on the northern Indian Ocean
marine boundary layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8437–8454, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8437-2021, 2021.
Monahan, E., Spiel, D., and Davidson, K.: A model of marine aerosol
generation via whitecaps and wave disruption, in: Oceanic whitecaps, edited by: Monahan, E. and Niocaill, G. M.,
Springer, 167–174, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4668-2, 1986.
Murphy, B. N., Nolte, C. G., Sidi, F., Bash, J. O., Appel, K. W., Jang, C.,
Kang, D. W., Kelly, J., Mathur, R., Napelenok, S., Pouliot, G., and Pye, H.
O. T.: The Detailed Emissions Scaling, Isolation, and Diagnostic (DESID)
module in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system
version 5.3.2, Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3407–3420, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3407-2021, 2021.
NCAR (National Center for Atmospheric Research): Research Data Archive, https://rda.ucar.edu/, last access: 5 May 2022.
Ordóñez, C., Lamarque, J. F., Tilmes, S., Kinnison, D. E., Atlas, E.
L., Blake, D. R., Santos, G. S., Brasseur, G., and Saiz-Lopez, A.: Bromine
and iodine chemistry in a global chemistry-climate model: description and
evaluation of very short-lived oceanic sources, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1423–1447, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1423-2012, 2012.
Ovadnevaite, J., Manders, A., de Leeuw, G., Ceburnis, D., Monahan, C.,
Partanen, A. I., Korhonen, H., and O'Dowd, C. D.: A sea spray aerosol flux
parameterization encapsulating wave state, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1837–1852, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1837-2014, 2014.
Pound, R. J., Sherwen, T., Helmig, D., Carpenter, L. J., and Evans, M. J.:
Influences of oceanic ozone deposition on tropospheric photochemistry,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4227–4239, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4227-2020,
2020.
Read, K. A., Mahajan, A. S., Carpenter, L. J., Evans, M. J., Faria, B. V.
E., Heard, D. E., Hopkins, J. R., Lee, J. D., Moller, S. J., Lewis, A. C.,
Mendes, L., McQuaid, J. B., Oetjen, H., Saiz-Lopez, A., Pilling, M. J., and
Plane, J. M. C.: Extensive halogen-mediated ozone destruction over the
tropical Atlantic Ocean, Nature, 453, 1232–1235, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07035, 2008.
Rohrer, F., Lu, K. D., Hofzumahaus, A., Bohn, B., Brauers, T., Chang, C. C.,
Fuchs, H., Haseler, R., Holland, F., Hu, M., Kita, K., Kondo, Y., Li, X.,
Lou, S. R., Oebel, A., Shao, M., Zeng, L. M., Zhu, T., Zhang, Y. H., and
Wahner, A.: Maximum efficiency in the hydroxyl-radical-based self-cleansing
of the troposphere, Nat. Geosci., 7, 559–563, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2199, 2014.
Saiz-Lopez, A. and von Glasow, R.: Reactive halogen chemistry in the
troposphere, Chem. Soc. Rev., 41, 6448–6472, https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cs35208g,
2012.
Sarwar, G., Simon, H., Bhave, P., and Yarwood, G.: Examining the impact of
heterogeneous nitryl chloride production on air quality across the United
States, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 6455–6473, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-6455-2012, 2012.
Sarwar, G., Simon, H., Xing, J., and Mathur, R.: Importance of tropospheric
ClNO2 chemistry across the Northern Hemisphere, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 41, 4050–4058, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl059962, 2014.
Sarwar, G., Gantt, B., Schwede, D., Foley, K., Mathur, R., and Saiz-Lopez,
A.: Impact of Enhanced Ozone Deposition and Halogen Chemistry on
Tropospheric Ozone over the Northern Hemisphere, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 9203–9211, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01657, 2015.
Sarwar, G., Gantt, B., Foley, K., Fahey, K., Spero, T. L., Kang, D. W.,
Mathur, R., Foroutan, H., Xing, J., Sherwen, T., and Saiz-Lopez, A.:
Influence of bromine and iodine chemistry on annual, seasonal, diurnal, and
background ozone: CMAQ simulations over the Northern Hemisphere, Atmos. Environ., 213, 395–404, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.06.020, 2019.
Schmidt, J. A., Jacob, D. J., Horowitz, H. M., Hu, L., Sherwen, T., Evans,
M. J., Liang, Q., Suleiman, R. M., Oram, D. E., Le Breton, M., Percival, C.
J., Wang, S., Dix, B., and Volkamer, R.: Modeling the observed tropospheric
BrO background: Importance of multiphase chemistry and implications for
ozone, OH, and mercury, J. Geophys. Res.- Atmos., 121,
11819–11835, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jd024229, 2016.
Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S. N.: Atmospheric chemistry and physics: from
air pollution to climate change, 3rd Edn., John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 9781119221166, 2016.
Sekiya, T., Kanaya, Y., Sudo, K., Taketani, F., Iwamoto, Y., Aita, M. N.,
Yamamoto, A., and Kawamoto, K.: Global Bromine- and Iodine-Mediated
Tropospheric Ozone Loss Estimated Using the CHASER Chemical Transport Model,
Sola, 16, 220–227, https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2020-037, 2020.
Sherwen, T., Schmidt, J. A., Evans, M. J., Carpenter, L. J., Grossmann, K.,
Eastham, S. D., Jacob, D. J., Dix, B., Koenig, T. K., Sinreich, R., Ortega,
I., Volkamer, R., Saiz-Lopez, A., Prados-Roman, C., Mahajan, A. S., and
Ordonez, C.: Global impacts of tropospheric halogens (Cl, Br, I) on oxidants
and composition in GEOS-Chem, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16,
12239–12271, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12239-2016, 2016.
Sherwen, T., Chance, R. J., Tinel, L., Ellis, D., Evans, M. J., and
Carpenter, L. J.: A machine-learning-based global sea-surface iodide
distribution, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1239–1262, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1239-2019, 2019.
Simpson, W. R., Brown, S. S., Saiz-Lopez, A., Thornton, J. A., and von
Glasow, R.: Tropospheric Halogen Chemistry: Sources, Cycling, and Impacts,
Chem. Rev., 115, 4035–4062, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5006638, 2015.
Stone, D., Whalley, L. K., and Heard, D. E.: Tropospheric OH and HO2
radicals: field measurements and model comparisons, Chem. Soc.
Rev., 41, 6348–6404, https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cs35140d, 2012.
Stone, D., Sherwen, T., Evans, M. J., Vaughan, S., Ingham, T., Whalley, L.
K., Edwards, P. M., Read, K. A., Lee, J. D., Moller, S. J., Carpenter, L.
J., Lewis, A. C., and Heard, D. E.: Impacts of bromine and iodine chemistry
on tropospheric OH and HO2: comparing observations with box and global
model perspectives, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3541–3561, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3541-2018, 2018.
Tan, Z. F., Lu, K. D., Hofzumahaus, A., Fuchs, H., Bohn, B., Holland, F.,
Liu, Y. H., Rohrer, F., Shao, M., Sun, K., Wu, Y. S., Zeng, L. M., Zhang, Y.
S., Zou, Q., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Wahner, A., and Zhang, Y. H.: Experimental
budgets of OH, HO2, and RO2 radicals and implications for ozone formation in
the Pearl River Delta in China 2014, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19,
7129–7150, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7129-2019, 2019.
Tham, Y. J., He, X.-C., Li, Q., Cuevas, C. A., Shen, J., Kalliokoski, J.,
Yan, C., Iyer, S., Lehmusjärvi, T., Jang, S., Thakur, R. C., Beck, L.,
Kemppainen, D., Olin, M., Sarnela, N., Mikkilä, J., Hakala, J.,
Marbouti, M., Yao, L., Li, H., Huang, W., Wang, Y., Wimmer, D., Zha, Q.,
Virkanen, J., Spain, T. G., O'Doherty, S., Jokinen, T., Bianchi, F.,
Petäjä, T., Worsnop, D. R., Mauldin, R. L., Ovadnevaite, J.,
Ceburnis, D., Maier, N. M., Kulmala, M., O'Dowd, C., Dal Maso, M.,
Saiz-Lopez, A., and Sipilä, M.: Direct field evidence of autocatalytic
iodine release from atmospheric aerosol, P. Natl. Acad.
Sci. USA, 118, e2009951118, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2009951118, 2021.
Torseth, K., Aas, W., Breivik, K., Fjaeraa, A. M., Fiebig, M., Hjellbrekke,
A. G., Myhre, C. L., Solberg, S., and Yttri, K. E.: Introduction to the
European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) and observed atmospheric
composition change during 1972–2009, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12,
5447–5481, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5447-2012, 2012.
Wang, X., Jacob, D. J., Eastham, S. D., Sulprizio, M. P., Zhu, L., Chen, Q.
J., Alexander, B., Sherwen, T., Evans, M. J., Lee, B. H., Haskins, J. D.,
Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D., Thornton, J. A., Huey, G. L., and Liao, H.: The role
of chlorine in global tropospheric chemistry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3981–4003, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3981-2019, 2019.
Wang, X., Jacob, D. J., Fu, X., Wang, T., Le Breton, M., Hallquist, M., Liu,
Z. R., McDuffie, E. E., and Liao, H.: Effects of Anthropogenic Chlorine on
PM2.5 and Ozone Air Quality in China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 9908–9916, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c02296, 2020.
Wang, X., Jacob, D. J., Downs, W., Zhai, S., Zhu, L., Shah, V., Holmes, C.
D., Sherwen, T., Alexander, B., Evans, M. J., Eastham, S. D., Neuman, J. A.,
Veres, P. R., Koenig, T. K., Volkamer, R., Huey, L. G., Bannan, T. J.,
Percival, C. J., Lee, B. H., and Thornton, J. A.: Global tropospheric
halogen (Cl, Br, I) chemistry and its impact on oxidants, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13973–13996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13973-2021, 2021.
Whalley, L. K., Furneaux, K. L., Goddard, A., Lee, J. D., Mahajan, A.,
Oetjen, H., Read, K. A., Kaaden, N., Carpenter, L. J., Lewis, A. C., Plane,
J. M. C., Saltzman, E. S., Wiedensohler, A., and Heard, D. E.: The chemistry
of OH and HO2 radicals in the boundary layer over the tropical Atlantic
Ocean, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1555–1576, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1555-2010, 2010.
Whalley, L. K., Slater, E. J., Woodward-Massey, R., Ye, C., Lee, J. D.,
Squires, F., Hopkins, J. R., Dunmore, R. E., Shaw, M., Hamilton, J. F.,
Lewis, A. C., Mehra, A., Worrall, S. D., Bacak, A., Bannan, T. J., Coe, H.,
Percival, C. J., Ouyang, B., Jones, R. L., Crilley, L. R., Kramer, L. J.,
Bloss, W. J., Vu, T., Kotthaus, S., Grimmond, S., Sun, Y., Xu, W., Yue, S.,
Ren, L., Acton, W. J. F., Hewitt, C. N., Wang, X., Fu, P., and Heard, D. E.:
Evaluating the sensitivity of radical chemistry and ozone formation to
ambient VOCs and NOx in Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21,
2125–2147, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2125-2021, 2021.
Yao, T., Li, Y., Gao, J., Fung, J. C. H., Wang, S., Li, Y., Chan, C. K., and
Lau, A. K. H.: Source apportionment of secondary organic aerosols in the
Pearl River Delta region: Contribution from the oxidation of semi-volatile
and intermediate volatility primary organic aerosols, Atmos. Environ., 222, 117111, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117111, 2020.
Yin, S. S., Zheng, J. Y., Lu, Q., Yuan, Z. B., Huang, Z. J., Zhong, L. J.,
and Lin, H.: A refined 2010-based VOC emission inventory and its improvement
on modeling regional ozone in the Pearl River Delta Region, China, Sci. Total Environ., 514, 426–438, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.088,
2015.
Yu, C., Wang, Z., Xia, M., Fu, X., Wang, W., Tham, Y. J., Chen, T., Zheng,
P., Li, H., Shan, Y., Wang, X., Xue, L., Zhou, Y., Yue, D., Ou, Y., Gao, J.,
Lu, K., Brown, S. S., Zhang, Y., and Wang, T.: Heterogeneous N2O5
reactions on atmospheric aerosols at four Chinese sites: improving model
representation of uptake parameters, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20,
4367–4378, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4367-2020, 2020.
Yu, Z. and Li, Y.: Marine volatile organic compounds and their impacts on
marine aerosol-A review, Sci. Total Environ., 768, 145054, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145054, 2021.
Zheng, J. Y., Zhang, L. J., Che, W. W., Zheng, Z. Y., and Yin, S. S.: A
highly resolved temporal and spatial air pollutant emission inventory for
the Pearl River Delta region, China and its uncertainty assessment,
Atmos. Environ., 43, 5112–5122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.04.060,
2009.
Zhu, L., Jacob, D. J., Eastham, S. D., Sulprizio, M. P., Wang, X., Sherwen,
T., Evans, M. J., Chen, Q. J., Alexander, B., Koenig, T. K., Volkamer, R.,
Huey, L. G., Le Breton, M., Bannan, T. J., and Percival, C. J.: Effect of
sea salt aerosol on tropospheric bromine chemistry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 6497–6507, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6497-2019, 2019.
Ziska, F., Quack, B., Abrahamsson, K., Archer, S. D., Atlas, E., Bell, T.,
Butler, J. H., Carpenter, L. J., Jones, C. E., Harris, N. R. P., Hepach, H.,
Heumann, K. G., Hughes, C., Kuss, J., Kruger, K., Liss, P., Moore, R. M.,
Orlikowska, A., Raimund, S., Reeves, C. E., Reifenhauser, W., Robinson, A.
D., Schall, C., Tanhua, T., Tegtmeier, S., Turner, S., Wang, L., Wallace,
D., Williams, J., Yamamoto, H., Yvon-Lewis, S., and Yokouchi, Y.: Global
sea-to-air flux climatology for bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8915–8934, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8915-2013,
2013.
Short summary
We investigated the mechanisms by which marine-emitted halogens influence the OH radical, which is not considered in air quality forecasting model systems. The atmospheric OH radical has a complicated response to halogen emissions by species through both physical and chemical processes. Over ocean, inorganic iodine is the controlling species and chemistry is more important. Over land, the physics of sea salt aerosols are more important. The mechanism is applicable to other circumstances.
We investigated the mechanisms by which marine-emitted halogens influence the OH radical, which...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint