Articles | Volume 22, issue 20
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13407-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13407-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 Oct 2022
Research article |
| 18 Oct 2022
| 18 Oct 2022
On the potential fingerprint of the Antarctic ozone hole in ice-core nitrate isotopes: a case study based on a South Pole ice core
Yanzhi Cao
Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
Zhuang Jiang
Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
Becky Alexander
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Jihong Cole-Dai
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State
University, Brookings, SD, USA
Joel Savarino
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, G-INP, Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Grenoble, France
Joseph Erbland
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, G-INP, Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Grenoble, France
Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, University of
Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
Laboratory for Ocean Dynamics and Climate, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, China
Related authors
No articles found.
Laura M. D. Heinlein, Junwei He, Michael Oluwatoyin Sunday, Fangzhou Guo, James Campbell, Allison Moon, Sukriti Kapur, Ting Fang, Kasey Edwards, Meeta Cesler-Maloney, Alyssa J. Burns, Jack Dibb, William Simpson, Manabu Shiraiwa, Becky Alexander, Jingqiu Mao, James H. Flynn III, Jochen Stutz, and Cort Anastasio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 9561–9581, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9561-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9561-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
High-latitude cities like Fairbanks, Alaska, experience severe wintertime pollution episodes. While conventional wisdom holds that oxidation is slow under these conditions, field measurements find oxidized products in particles. To explore this, we measured oxidants in aqueous extracts of winter particles from Fairbanks. We find high concentrations of oxidants during illumination experiments, indicating that particle photochemistry can be significant even in high latitudes during winter.
Agnese Petteni, Mathieu Casado, Christophe Leroy-Dos Santos, Amaelle Landais, Niels Dutrievoz, Cécile Agosta, Pete D. Akers, Joel Savarino, Andrea Spolaor, Massimo Frezzotti, and Barbara Stenni
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3188, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3188, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for The Cryosphere (TC).
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the isotopic composition of surface snow in a previously unexplored region of East Antarctica to understand how differences in air mass origin influence its variability. By comparing observations with model data, we validated the model and quantified the impact of post-depositional processes at the snow–atmosphere interface. Our results offer valuable insights for reconstructing past temperatures from ice cores.
Adrien Ooms, Mathieu Casado, Ghislain Picard, Laurent Arnaud, Maria Hörhold, Andrea Spolaor, Rita Traversi, Joel Savarino, Patrick Ginot, Pete Akers, Birthe Twarloh, and Valérie Masson-Delmotte
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3259, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3259, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for The Cryosphere (TC).
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents a new approach to the estimation of accumulation rates at Concordia Station, East-Antarctica, for the last 20 years, from a new data set of chemical tracers and snow micro-scale properties measured in a snow trench. Multi-annual and meter to decameter scale variability of accumulation rates are compared again in-situ measurements of surface laser scanner and stake farm, with very good agreement. This further constrains SMB estimation for Antarctica at high temporal resolution.
Lison Soussaintjean, Jochen Schmitt, Joël Savarino, J. Andy Menking, Edward J. Brook, Barbara Seth, Vladimir Lipenkov, Thomas Röckmann, and Hubertus Fischer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3108, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3108, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Biogeosciences (BG).
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous oxide (N2O) produced in dust-rich Antarctic ice complicates the reconstruction of past atmospheric levels from ice core records. Using isotope analysis, we show that N2O forms from two nitrogen precursors, one being nitrate. For the first time, we demonstrate that the site preference (SP) of N2O reflects the isotopic difference between these precursors, not the production pathway, which challenges the common interpretation of SP.
Filip Pastierovic, Roberto Grilli, Nicolas Caillon, and Joel Savarino
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3115, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3115, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The development of an open detector based on absorption spectroscopy, enhanced by high-reflectivity mirrors, for the simultaneous measurement of NO2, IO, and CHOCHO is reported. The instrument shows good correlation with a closed system during both indoor and outdoor measurements. An open system is able to measure NO2, IO, and CHOCHO with high precision.
Zhao Wei, Shohei Hattori, Asuka Tsuruta, Zhuang Jiang, Sakiko Ishino, Koji Fujita, Sumito Matoba, Lei Geng, Alexis Lamothe, Ryu Uemura, Naohiro Yoshida, Joel Savarino, and Yoshinori Iizuka
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5727–5742, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5727-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5727-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrate isotope records in ice cores reveal changes in NOₓ emissions and atmospheric oxidation chemistry driven by human activity. However, UV-driven postdepositional processes can alter nitrate in snow, making snow accumulation rates critical for preserving these records. This study examines nitrate isotopes in a southeastern Greenland ice core, where high snow accumulation minimizes these effects, providing a reliable archive of atmospheric nitrogen cycling.
Kai Man, Xichen Li, Jürg Luterbacher, Lei Geng, Naiming Yuan, Yurong Hou, Yonghao Wang, and Yujie Miao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1381, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1381, 2025
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
The West Antarctic Ice Sheet shows opposing snow accumulation trends: decreasing in the west and increasing in the east. Our study reveals that tropical ocean temperature shifts – Pacific cooling and Atlantic warming – drive changes in winds and moisture, boosting snowfall in the east while reducing it in the west. Using ice cores and models, we highlight how distant ocean changes shape Antarctic Ice Sheet, crucial for predicting future sea level rise.
Michael Oluwatoyin Sunday, Laura Marie Dahler Heinlein, Junwei He, Allison Moon, Sukriti Kapur, Ting Fang, Kasey C. Edwards, Fangzhou Guo, Jack Dibb, James H. Flynn III, Becky Alexander, Manabu Shiraiwa, and Cort Anastasio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5087–5100, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5087-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5087-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrogen peroxide (HOOH) is an important oxidant that forms atmospheric sulfate. We demonstrate that the illumination of brown carbon can rapidly form HOOH within particles, even under the low-sunlight conditions of Fairbanks, Alaska, during winter. This in-particle formation of HOOH is fast enough that it forms sulfate at significant rates. In contrast, the formation of HOOH in the gas phase during the campaign is expected to be negligible because of high NOx levels.
Aaron Chesler, Dominic Winski, Karl Kreutz, Bess Koffman, Erich Osterberg, David Ferris, Zayta Thundercloud, Jihong Cole-Dai, Mark Wells, Aaron Putnam, and Katherine Anderson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1897, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1897, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds impact global climate and Antarctic ice sheet stability; however, there are few complete records over the past 12,000 years. We use a new mineral dust record from a South Pole ice core and identify a decrease in particle concentration and an increase in coarse particle percentage over the past ~11,000 years. Together with other records, our data suggests a southward shift in the winds starting ~6,500 years ago related to warming in the Southern Hemisphere.
Ursula A. Jongebloed, Jacob I. Chalif, Linia Tashmim, William C. Porter, Kelvin H. Bates, Qianjie Chen, Erich C. Osterberg, Bess G. Koffman, Jihong Cole-Dai, Dominic A. Winski, David G. Ferris, Karl J. Kreutz, Cameron P. Wake, and Becky Alexander
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4083–4106, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4083-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4083-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Marine phytoplankton emit dimethyl sulfide (DMS), which forms methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and sulfate. MSA concentrations in ice cores decreased over the industrial era, which has been attributed to pollution-driven changes in DMS chemistry. We use a model to investigate DMS chemistry compared to observations of DMS, MSA, and sulfate. We find that modeled DMS, MSA, and sulfate are influenced by pollution-sensitive oxidant concentrations, characterization of DMS chemistry, and other variables.
Brice Barret, Patrice Medina, Natalie Brett, Roman Pohorsky, Kathy S. Law, Slimane Bekki, Gilberto J. Fochesatto, Julia Schmale, Steve R. Arnold, Andrea Baccarini, Maurizio Busetto, Meeta Cesler-Maloney, Barbara D'Anna, Stefano Decesari, Jingqiu Mao, Gianluca Pappaccogli, Joel Savarino, Federico Scoto, and William R. Simpson
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 1163–1184, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1163-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1163-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Fairbanks area experiences severe pollution episodes in winter because of enhanced emissions of pollutants trapped near the surface by strong temperature inversions. Low-cost sensors were deployed on board a car and a tethered balloon to measure the concentrations of gaseous pollutants (CO, O3, and NOx) in Fairbanks during winter 2022. Data calibration with reference measurements and machine learning methods enabled us to document pollution at the surface and power plant plumes aloft.
Xia Wang, Tao Che, Xueyin Ruan, Shanna Yue, Jing Wang, Chun Zhao, and Lei Geng
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 651–670, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-651-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-651-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We employed the WRF-Chem model to parameterize atmospheric nitrate deposition in snow and evaluate its performance in simulating snow cover, snow depth, and concentrations of dust and nitrate using new observations from northern China. The results generally exhibit reasonable agreement with field observations in northern China, demonstrating the model's capability to simulate snow properties, including concentrations of reservoir species.
Natalie Brett, Kathy S. Law, Steve R. Arnold, Javier G. Fochesatto, Jean-Christophe Raut, Tatsuo Onishi, Robert Gilliam, Kathleen Fahey, Deanna Huff, George Pouliot, Brice Barret, Elsa Dieudonné, Roman Pohorsky, Julia Schmale, Andrea Baccarini, Slimane Bekki, Gianluca Pappaccogli, Federico Scoto, Stefano Decesari, Antonio Donateo, Meeta Cesler-Maloney, William Simpson, Patrice Medina, Barbara D'Anna, Brice Temime-Roussel, Joel Savarino, Sarah Albertin, Jingqiu Mao, Becky Alexander, Allison Moon, Peter F. DeCarlo, Vanessa Selimovic, Robert Yokelson, and Ellis S. Robinson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1063–1104, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1063-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1063-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Processes influencing dispersion of local anthropogenic pollution in Arctic wintertime are investigated with Lagrangian dispersion modelling. Simulated power plant plume rise that considers temperature inversion layers improves results compared to observations (interior Alaska). Modelled surface concentrations are improved by representation of vertical mixing and emission estimates. Large increases in diesel vehicle emissions at temperatures reaching −35°C are required to reproduce observed NOx.
Agnese Petteni, Elise Fourré, Elsa Gautier, Azzurra Spagnesi, Roxanne Jacob, Pete D. Akers, Daniele Zannoni, Jacopo Gabrieli, Olivier Jossoud, Frédéric Prié, Amaëlle Landais, Titouan Tcheng, Barbara Stenni, Joel Savarino, Patrick Ginot, and Mathieu Casado
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3335, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3335, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our research compares three CFA-CRDS systems from Venice, Paris, and Grenoble for measuring water isotopes in ice cores, crucial for reconstructing past climate. We quantify each system’s mixing and measurement noise effects, which impact the achievable resolution of isotope continuous records. Our findings reveal specific configurations and procedures to enhance measurement accuracy, providing a framework to optimise water isotope analysis.
Zhongyi Zhang, Chunxiang Ye, Yichao Wu, Tao Zhou, Pengfei Chen, Shichang Kang, Chong Zhang, Zhuang Jiang, and Lei Geng
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4165, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4165, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study reveals unexpectedly high levels of particulate nitrite at the Base Camp of Mt. Qomolangma, which overwhelmingly exists in coarse mode, and demonstrates that lofted surface soil contributes to the high levels of nitrite. Once lofted into atmosphere, the soil-derived nitrite is likely to participate in atmospheric reactive nitrogen cycling through gas-particle partitioning or photolysis, leading to the production of HONO, OH and NO and thereby influencing oxidation chemistry.
Amna Ijaz, Brice Temime-Roussel, Benjamin Chazeau, Sarah Albertin, Stephen R. Arnold, Brice Barrett, Slimane Bekki, Natalie Brett, Meeta Cesler-Maloney, Elsa Dieudonne, Kayane K. Dingilian, Javier G. Fochesatto, Jingqiu Mao, Allison Moon, Joel Savarino, William Simpson, Rodney J. Weber, Kathy S. Law, and Barbara D'Anna
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3789, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3789, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fairbanks is among the most polluted cities with the highest particulate matter (PM) levels in the US during winters. Highly time-resolved measurements of the sub-micron PM elucidated residential heating with wood and oil and hydrocarbon-like organics from traffic, as well as sulphur-containing organic aerosol, to be the key pollution sources. Remarkable differences existed between complementary instruments, warranting the deployment of multiple tools at sites with wide-ranging influences.
Tianming Ma, Zhuang Jiang, Minghu Ding, Pengzhen He, Yuansheng Li, Wenqian Zhang, and Lei Geng
The Cryosphere, 18, 4547–4565, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4547-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4547-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We constructed a box model to evaluate the isotope effects of atmosphere–snow water vapor exchange at Dome A, Antarctica. The results show clear and invisible diurnal changes in surface snow isotopes under summer and winter conditions, respectively. The model also predicts that the annual net effects of atmosphere–snow water vapor exchange would be overall enrichments in snow isotopes since the effects in summer appear to be greater than those in winter at the study site.
V. Holly L. Winton, Robert Mulvaney, Joel Savarino, Kyle R. Clem, and Markus M. Frey
Clim. Past, 20, 1213–1232, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1213-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1213-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In 2018, a new 120 m ice core was drilled in a region located under the Antarctic ozone hole. We present the first results including a 1300-year record of snow accumulation and aerosol chemistry. We investigate the aerosol and moisture source regions and atmospheric processes related to the ice core record and discuss what this means for developing a record of past ultraviolet radiation and ozone depletion using the stable isotopic composition of nitrate measured in the same ice core.
Zhuang Jiang, Becky Alexander, Joel Savarino, and Lei Geng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4895–4914, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4895-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4895-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ice-core nitrate could track the past atmospheric NOx and oxidant level, but its interpretation is hampered by the post-depositional processing. In this work, an inverse model was developed and tested against two polar sites and was shown to well reproduce the observed nitrate signals in snow and atmosphere, suggesting that the model can properly correct for the effect of post-depositional processing. This model offers a very useful tool for future studies on ice-core nitrate records.
Linia Tashmim, William C. Porter, Qianjie Chen, Becky Alexander, Charles H. Fite, Christopher D. Holmes, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Betty Croft, and Sakiko Ishino
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3379–3403, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3379-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3379-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is mostly emitted from ocean surfaces and represents the largest natural source of sulfur for the atmosphere. Once in the atmosphere, DMS forms stable oxidation products such as SO2 and H2SO4, which can subsequently contribute to airborne particle formation and growth. In this study, we update the DMS oxidation mechanism in the chemical transport model GEOS-Chem and describe resulting changes in particle growth as well as the overall global sulfur budget.
Sarah Albertin, Joël Savarino, Slimane Bekki, Albane Barbero, Roberto Grilli, Quentin Fournier, Irène Ventrillard, Nicolas Caillon, and Kathy Law
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1361–1388, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1361-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1361-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study reports the first simultaneous records of oxygen (Δ17O) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrate (NO3−). These data are combined with atmospheric observations to explore sub-daily N reactive chemistry and quantify N fractionation effects in an Alpine winter city. The results highlight the necessity of using Δ17O and δ15N in both NO2 and NO3− to avoid biased estimations of NOx sources and fates from NO3− isotopic records in urban winter environments.
Alexis Lamothe, Joel Savarino, Patrick Ginot, Lison Soussaintjean, Elsa Gautier, Pete D. Akers, Nicolas Caillon, and Joseph Erbland
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4015–4030, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4015-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4015-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia is a reactive gas in our atmosphere that is key in air quality issues. Assessing its emissions and how it reacts is a hot topic that can be addressed from the past. Stable isotopes (the mass of the molecule) measured in ice cores (glacial archives) can teach us a lot. However, the concentrations in ice cores are very small. We propose a protocol to limit the contamination and apply it to one ice core drilled in Mont Blanc, describing the opportunities our method brings.
Simone Ventisette, Samuele Baldini, Claudio Artoni, Silvia Becagli, Laura Caiazzo, Barbara Delmonte, Massimo Frezzotti, Raffaello Nardin, Joel Savarino, Mirko Severi, Andrea Spolaor, Barbara Stenni, and Rita Traversi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-393, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-393, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
The paper reports the spatial variability of concentration and fluxes of chemical impurities in superficial snow over unexplored area of the East Antarctic ice sheet. Pinatubo and Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcanic eruptions in non-sea salt sulfate and dust snow pits record were used to achieve the accumulation rates. Deposition (wet, dry and uptake from snow surface) and post deposition processes are constrained. These knowledges are fundamental in Antarctic ice cores stratigraphies interpretation.
Aaron Chesler, Dominic Winski, Karl Kreutz, Bess Koffman, Erich Osterberg, David Ferris, Zayta Thundercloud, Joseph Mohan, Jihong Cole-Dai, Mark Wells, Michael Handley, Aaron Putnam, Katherine Anderson, and Natalie Harmon
Clim. Past, 19, 477–492, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-477-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-477-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ice core microparticle data typically use geometry assumptions to calculate particle mass and flux. We use dynamic particle imaging, a novel technique for ice core dust analyses, combined with traditional laser particle counting and Coulter counter techniques to assess particle shape in the South Pole Ice Core (SPC14) spanning 50–16 ka. Our results suggest that particles are dominantly ellipsoidal in shape and that spherical assumptions overestimate particle mass and flux.
Pete D. Akers, Joël Savarino, Nicolas Caillon, Olivier Magand, and Emmanuel Le Meur
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15637–15657, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15637-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15637-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrate isotopes in Antarctic ice do not preserve the seasonal isotopic cycles of the atmosphere, which limits their use to study the past. We studied nitrate along an 850 km Antarctic transect to learn how these cycles are changed by sunlight-driven chemistry in the snow. Our findings suggest that the snow accumulation rate and other environmental signals can be extracted from nitrate with the right sampling and analytical approaches.
William F. Swanson, Chris D. Holmes, William R. Simpson, Kaitlyn Confer, Louis Marelle, Jennie L. Thomas, Lyatt Jaeglé, Becky Alexander, Shuting Zhai, Qianjie Chen, Xuan Wang, and Tomás Sherwen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14467–14488, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14467-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14467-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Radical bromine molecules are seen at higher concentrations during the Arctic spring. We use the global model GEOS-Chem to test whether snowpack and wind-blown snow sources can explain high bromine concentrations. We run this model for the entire year of 2015 and compare results to observations of bromine from floating platforms on the Arctic Ocean and at Utqiaġvik. We find that the model performs best when both sources are enabled but may overestimate bromine production in summer and fall.
Albane Barbero, Roberto Grilli, Markus M. Frey, Camille Blouzon, Detlev Helmig, Nicolas Caillon, and Joël Savarino
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12025–12054, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12025-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12025-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The high reactivity of the summer Antarctic boundary layer results in part from the emissions of nitrogen oxides produced during photo-denitrification of the snowpack, but its underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The results of this study suggest that more NO2 is produced from the snowpack early in the photolytic season, possibly due to stronger UV irradiance caused by a smaller solar zenith angle near the solstice.
Xueyin Ruan, Chun Zhao, Rahul A. Zaveri, Pengzhen He, Xinming Wang, Jingyuan Shao, and Lei Geng
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 6143–6164, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6143-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6143-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate prediction of aerosol pH in chemical transport models is essential to aerosol modeling. This study examines the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) on aerosol pH predictions and the sensitivities to emissions of nonvolatile cations and NH3, aerosol-phase state assumption, and heterogeneous sulfate production. Temporal evolution of aerosol pH during haze cycles in Beijing and the driving factors are also presented and discussed.
Zhuang Jiang, Joel Savarino, Becky Alexander, Joseph Erbland, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, and Lei Geng
The Cryosphere, 16, 2709–2724, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2709-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2709-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A record of year-round atmospheric nitrate isotopic composition along with snow nitrate isotopic data from Summit, Greenland, revealed apparent enrichments in nitrogen isotopes in snow nitrate compared to atmospheric nitrate, in addition to a relatively smaller degree of changes in oxygen isotopes. The results suggest that at this site post-depositional processing takes effect, which should be taken into account when interpreting ice-core nitrate isotope records.
Michael Sigl, Matthew Toohey, Joseph R. McConnell, Jihong Cole-Dai, and Mirko Severi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3167–3196, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3167-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3167-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Volcanism is a key driver of climate. Based on ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica, we reconstruct its climate impact potential over the Holocene. By aligning records on a well-dated chronology from Antarctica, we resolve long-standing inconsistencies in the dating of past volcanic eruptions. We reconstruct 850 eruptions (which, in total, injected 7410 Tg of sulfur in the stratosphere) and estimate how they changed the opacity of the atmosphere, a prerequisite for climate model simulations.
Saehee Lim, Meehye Lee, Joel Savarino, and Paolo Laj
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5099–5115, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5099-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5099-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We determined δ15N(NO3−) and Δ17O(NO3−) of PM2.5 in Seoul during 2018–2019 and estimated quantitatively the contribution of oxidation pathways to NO3− formation and NOx emission sources. The nighttime pathway played a significant role in NO3− formation during the winter, and its contribution further increased up to 70 % on haze days when PM2.5 was greater than 75 µg m−3. Vehicle emissions were confirmed as a main NO3− source with an increasing contribution from coal combustion in winter.
Laura Crick, Andrea Burke, William Hutchison, Mika Kohno, Kathryn A. Moore, Joel Savarino, Emily A. Doyle, Sue Mahony, Sepp Kipfstuhl, James W. B. Rae, Robert C. J. Steele, R. Stephen J. Sparks, and Eric W. Wolff
Clim. Past, 17, 2119–2137, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2119-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2119-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The ~ 74 ka eruption of Toba was one of the largest eruptions of the last 100 ka. We have measured the sulfur isotopic composition for 11 Toba eruption candidates in two Antarctic ice cores. Sulfur isotopes allow us to distinguish between large eruptions that have erupted material into the stratosphere and smaller ones that reach lower altitudes. Using this we have identified the events most likely to be Toba and place the eruption on the transition into a cold period in the Northern Hemisphere.
Xuan Wang, Daniel J. Jacob, William Downs, Shuting Zhai, Lei Zhu, Viral Shah, Christopher D. Holmes, Tomás Sherwen, Becky Alexander, Mathew J. Evans, Sebastian D. Eastham, J. Andrew Neuman, Patrick R. Veres, Theodore K. Koenig, Rainer Volkamer, L. Gregory Huey, Thomas J. Bannan, Carl J. Percival, Ben H. Lee, and Joel A. Thornton
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13973–13996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13973-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13973-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Halogen radicals have a broad range of implications for tropospheric chemistry, air quality, and climate. We present a new mechanistic description and comprehensive simulation of tropospheric halogens in a global 3-D model and compare the model results with surface and aircraft measurements. We find that halogen chemistry decreases the global tropospheric burden of ozone by 11 %, NOx by 6 %, and OH by 4 %.
Andreas Tilgner, Thomas Schaefer, Becky Alexander, Mary Barth, Jeffrey L. Collett Jr., Kathleen M. Fahey, Athanasios Nenes, Havala O. T. Pye, Hartmut Herrmann, and V. Faye McNeill
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13483–13536, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13483-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13483-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Feedbacks of acidity and atmospheric multiphase chemistry in deliquesced particles and clouds are crucial for the tropospheric composition, depositions, climate, and human health. This review synthesizes the current scientific knowledge on these feedbacks using both inorganic and organic aqueous-phase chemistry. Finally, this review outlines atmospheric implications and highlights the need for future investigations with respect to reducing emissions of key acid precursors in a changing world.
Zhuang Jiang, Becky Alexander, Joel Savarino, Joseph Erbland, and Lei Geng
The Cryosphere, 15, 4207–4220, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4207-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4207-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used a snow photochemistry model (TRANSITS) to simulate the seasonal nitrate snow profile at Summit, Greenland. Comparisons between model outputs and observations suggest that at Summit post-depositional processing is active and probably dominates the snowpack δ15N seasonality. We also used the model to assess the degree of snow nitrate loss and the consequences in its isotopes at present and in the past, which helps for quantitative interpretations of ice-core nitrate records.
Sarah Albertin, Joël Savarino, Slimane Bekki, Albane Barbero, and Nicolas Caillon
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10477–10497, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10477-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10477-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We report an efficient method to collect atmospheric NO2 adapted for multi-isotopic analysis and present the first NO2 triple oxygen and double nitrogen isotope measurements. Atmospheric samplings carried out in Grenoble, France, highlight the NO2 isotopic signature sensitivity to the local NOx emissions and chemical regimes. These preliminary results are very promising for using the combination of Δ17O and δ15N of NO2 as a probe of the atmospheric NOx emissions and chemistry.
Kun Wang, Shohei Hattori, Mang Lin, Sakiko Ishino, Becky Alexander, Kazuki Kamezaki, Naohiro Yoshida, and Shichang Kang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8357–8376, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8357-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8357-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Sulfate aerosols play an important climatic role and exert adverse effects on the ecological environment and human health. In this study, we present the triple oxygen isotopic composition of sulfate from the Mt. Everest region, southern Tibetan Plateau, and decipher the formation mechanisms of atmospheric sulfate in this pristine environment. The results indicate the important role of the S(IV) + O3 pathway in atmospheric sulfate formation promoted by conditions of high cloud water pH.
Cited articles
Abbatt, J. P. D., Thomas, J. L., Abrahamsson, K., Boxe, C., Granfors, A., Jones, A. E., King, M. D., Saiz-Lopez, A., Shepson, P. B., Sodeau, J., Toohey, D. W., Toubin, C., von Glasow, R., Wren, S. N., and Yang, X.: Halogen activation via interactions with environmental ice and snow in the polar lower troposphere and other regions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 6237–6271, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-6237-2012, 2012.
Akers, P. D., Savarino, J., Caillon, N., Servettaz, A. P., Le Meur, E., Magand, O., Martins, J., Agosta, C., Crockford, P., and Kobayashi, K.: Sunlight-driven nitrate loss records Antarctic surface mass balance, Nat. Commun., 13, 4274, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31855-7, 2022.
Alexander, B., Sherwen, T., Holmes, C. D., Fisher, J. A., Chen, Q., Evans, M. J., and Kasibhatla, P.: Global inorganic nitrate production mechanisms: comparison of a global model with nitrate isotope observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 3859–3877, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3859-2020, 2020.
Andrady, A., Aucamp, P. J., Austin, A. T., Bais, A. F., Ballare, C. L.,
Barnes, P. W., Bernhard, G. H., Bjoern, L. O., Bornman, J. F., and Congdon,
N.: Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with
climate change: Progress report, 2016, Photoch. Photobio.
Sci., 16, 107, https://doi.org/10.1039/c7pp90001e, 2017.
Archer, C. L. and Caldeira, K.: Historical trends in the jet streams,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L08803, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033614, 2008.
Berhanu, T. A., Meusinger, C., Erbland, J., Jost, R., Bhattacharya, S. K.,
Johnson, M. S., and Savarino, J.: Laboratory study of nitrate photolysis in
Antarctic snow. II. Isotopic effects and wavelength dependence, J.
Chem. Phys., 140, 244306, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4882899, 2014.
Bitz, C. M. and Polvani, L. M.: Antarctic climate response to stratospheric
ozone depletion in a fine resolution ocean climate model, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 39, L20705, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012gl053393, 2012.
Butchart, N.: The Brewer-Dobson circulation, Rev. Geophys., 52, 157–184, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013RG000448, 2014.
Casey, K. A., Kaspari, S. D., Skiles, S., Kreutz, K., and Handley, M.: The
spectral and chemical measurement of pollutants on snow near South Pole,
Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 6592–6610, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026418, 2017.
Chu, L. and Anastasio, C.: Quantum Yields of Hydroxyl Radical and Nitrogen
Dioxide from the Photolysis of Nitrate on Ice, J. Phys.
Chem. A, 107, 9594–9602, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0349132, 2003.
Cole-Dai, J., Budner, D. M., and Ferris, D. G.: High speed, high resolution,
and continuous chemical analysis of ice cores using a melter and ion
chromatography, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 6764–6769, https://doi.org/10.1021/es061188a, 2006.
Cole-Dai, J., Ferris, D. G., Kennedy, J. A., Sigl, M., McConnell, J. R.,
Fudge, T. J., Geng, L., Maselli, O. J., Taylor, K. C., and Souney, J. M.:
Comprehensive Record of Volcanic Eruptions in the Holocene (11,000 years)
From the WAIS Divide, Antarctica Ice Core, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126,
e2020JD032855, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD032855, 2021.
Davis, D., Chen, G., Buhr, M., Crawford, J., Lenschow, D., Lefer, B.,
Shetter, R., Eisele, F., Mauldin, L., and Hogan, A.: South Pole NOx
chemistry: an assessment of factors controlling variability and absolute
levels, Atmos. Environ., 38, 5375–5388, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004300, 2004.
Dibb, J. E. and Fahnestock, M.: Snow accumulation, surface height change,
and firn densification at Summit, Greenland: Insights from 2 years of in
situ observation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D24113, 2004.
Dominé, F. and Shepson, P. B.: Air-snow interactions and atmospheric
chemistry, Science, 297, 1506–1510, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1074610, 2002.
Erbland, J., Vicars, W. C., Savarino, J., Morin, S., Frey, M. M., Frosini, D., Vince, E., and Martins, J. M. F.: Air–snow transfer of nitrate on the East Antarctic Plateau – Part 1: Isotopic evidence for a photolytically driven dynamic equilibrium in summer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6403–6419, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6403-2013, 2013.
Erbland, J., Savarino, J., Morin, S., France, J. L., Frey, M. M., and King, M. D.: Air–snow transfer of nitrate on the East Antarctic Plateau – Part 2: An isotopic model for the interpretation of deep ice-core records, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 12079–12113, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12079-2015, 2015.
Farman, J. C., Gardiner, B. G., and Shanklin, J. D.: Large losses of total
ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClOx
Ferris, D. G., Cole-Dai, J., Reyes, A. R., and Budner, D. M.: South Pole ice
core record of explosive volcanic eruptions in the first and second
millennia A.D. and evidence of a large eruption in the tropics around 535
A.D, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D17308, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jd015916, 2011.
Frey, M. M., Savarino, J., Morin, S., Erbland, J., and Martins, J. M. F.: Photolysis imprint in the nitrate stable isotope signal in snow and atmosphere of East Antarctica and implications for reactive nitrogen cycling, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8681–8696, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8681-2009, 2009.
Frezzotti, M., Scarchilli, C., Becagli, S., Proposito, M., and Urbini, S.: A synthesis of the Antarctic surface mass balance during the last 800 yr, The Cryosphere, 7, 303–319, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-303-2013, 2013.
Gallet, J.-C., Domine, F., Arnaud, L., Picard, G., and Savarino, J.: Vertical profile of the specific surface area and density of the snow at Dome C and on a transect to Dumont D'Urville, Antarctica – albedo calculations and comparison to remote sensing products, The Cryosphere, 5, 631–649, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-631-2011, 2011.
Geng, L.: Isotopes as Tracers of Chemical Reactivity in Snow, in: Chemistry in
the Cryosphere, 503–569, https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811230134_0010, 2022.
Geng, L., Cole-Dai, J., Alexander, B., Erbland, J., Savarino, J., Schauer, A. J., Steig, E. J., Lin, P., Fu, Q., and Zatko, M. C.: On the origin of the occasional spring nitrate peak in Greenland snow, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13361–13376, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13361-2014, 2014.
Geng, L., Zatko, M. C., Alexander, B., Fudge, T. J., Schauer, A. J., Murray,
L. T., and Mickley, L. J.: Effects of postdepositional processing on
nitrogen isotopes of nitrate in the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice core,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 5346–5354, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl064218, 2015.
Grannas, A. M., Jones, A. E., Dibb, J., Ammann, M., Anastasio, C., Beine, H. J., Bergin, M., Bottenheim, J., Boxe, C. S., Carver, G., Chen, G., Crawford, J. H., Dominé, F., Frey, M. M., Guzmán, M. I., Heard, D. E., Helmig, D., Hoffmann, M. R., Honrath, R. E., Huey, L. G., Hutterli, M., Jacobi, H. W., Klán, P., Lefer, B., McConnell, J., Plane, J., Sander, R., Savarino, J., Shepson, P. B., Simpson, W. R., Sodeau, J. R., von Glasow, R., Weller, R., Wolff, E. W., and Zhu, T.: An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329–4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007.
Grooß, J.-U., Brautzsch, K., Pommrich, R., Solomon, S., and Müller, R.: Stratospheric ozone chemistry in the Antarctic: what determines the lowest ozone values reached and their recovery?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 12217–12226, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-12217-2011, 2011.
Hu, Y. and Fu, Q.: Observed poleward expansion of the Hadley circulation since 1979, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5229–5236, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5229-2007, 2007.
Huang, J. and Jaeglé, L.: Wintertime enhancements of sea salt aerosol in polar regions consistent with a sea ice source from blowing snow, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3699–3712, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3699-2017, 2017.
Jacob, D. J.: Introduction to atmospheric chemistry, Princeton University
Press, Princeton, https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400841547, 1999.
Jarvis, J. C.: Isotopic studies of ice core nitrate and atmospheric nitrogen
oxides in polar regions, Dissertation, Uinversity of Washington, Seattle,
WA, ISBN 9780549816201, 2008.
Jiang, Z., Alexander, B., Savarino, J., Erbland, J., and Geng, L.: Impacts of the photo-driven post-depositional processing on snow nitrate and its isotopes at Summit, Greenland: a model-based study, The Cryosphere, 15, 4207–4220, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4207-2021, 2021.
Jiang, Z., Savarino, J., Alexander, B., Erbland, J., Jaffrezo, J.-L., and Geng, L.: Impacts of post-depositional processing on nitrate isotopes in the snow and the overlying atmosphere at Summit, Greenland, The Cryosphere, 16, 2709–2724, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2709-2022, 2022.
Jones, A. E. and Wolff, E. W.: An analysis of the oxidation potential of the
South Pole boundary layer and the influence of stratospheric ozone
depletion, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4565, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jd003379, 2003.
Keeble, J., Braesicke, P., Abraham, N. L., Roscoe, H. K., and Pyle, J. A.: The impact of polar stratospheric ozone loss on Southern Hemisphere stratospheric circulation and climate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13705–13717, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13705-2014, 2014.
Kukui, A., Legrand, M., Preunkert, S., Frey, M. M., Loisil, R., Gil Roca, J., Jourdain, B., King, M. D., France, J. L., and Ancellet, G.: Measurements of OH and RO2 radicals at Dome C, East Antarctica, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 12373–12392, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12373-2014, 2014.
Lazzara, M., Keller, L., Markle, T., and Gallagher, J.: Fifty-year AmundsenScott South Pole station surface climatology, Atmos. Res., 118, 240259, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.06.027, 2012 (data available at: http://amrc.ssec.wisc.edu/usap/southpole/, last access: 12 October 2022).
Libois, Q., Picard, G., France, J. L., Arnaud, L., Dumont, M., Carmagnola, C. M., and King, M. D.: Influence of grain shape on light penetration in snow, The Cryosphere, 7, 1803–1818, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1803-2013, 2013.
Madronich, S., McKenzie, R. L., Björn, L. O., and Caldwell, M. M.:
Changes in biologically active ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth's
surface, J. Photoch. Photobio. B, 46, 5–19, https://doi.org/10.1016/s1011-1344(98)00182-1, 1998.
Marshall, G. J. and Bracegirdle, T. J.: An examination of the relationship
between the Southern Annular Mode and Antarctic surface air temperatures in
the CMIP5 historical runs, Clim. Dynam., 45, 1513–1535, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2406-z, 2015.
Mauldin, R. L., Kosciuch, E., Henry, B., Eisele, F. L., Shetter, R., Lefer,
B., Chen, G., Davis, D., Huey, G., and Tanner, D.: Measurements of OH,
HO2 +RO2, H2SO4, and MSA at the South Pole during ISCAT 2000, Atmos.
Environ., 38, 5423–5437, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.06.031, 2004.
McCabe, J. R., Boxe, C. S., Colussi, A. J., Hoffmann, M. R., and Thiemens,
M. H.: Oxygen isotopic fractionation in the photochemistry of nitrate in
water and ice, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D15310, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jd005484,
2005.
McCabe, J. R., Thiemens, M. H., and Savarino, J.: A record of ozone
variability in South Pole Antarctic snow: Role of nitrate oxygen isotopes,
J. Geophys. Res., 112, D12303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jd007822, 2007.
McConnell, J. R., Burke, A., Dunbar, N. W., Kohler, P., Thomas, J. L.,
Arienzo, M. M., Chellman, N. J., Maselli, O. J., Sigl, M., Adkins, J. F.,
Baggenstos, D., Burkhart, J. F., Brook, E. J., Buizert, C., Cole-Dai, J.,
Fudge, T. J., Knorr, G., Graf, H. F., Grieman, M. M., Iverson, N., McGwire,
K. C., Mulvaney, R., Paris, G., Rhodes, R. H., Saltzman, E. S.,
Severinghaus, J. P., Steffensen, J. P., Taylor, K. C., and Winckler, G.:
Synchronous volcanic eruptions and abrupt climate change approximately 17.7
ka plausibly linked by stratospheric ozone depletion, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 114, 10035–10040, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1705595114, 2017.
Meusinger, C., Berhanu, T. A., Erbland, J., Savarino, J., and Johnson, M.
S.: Laboratory study of nitrate photolysis in Antarctic snow. I. Observed
quantum yield, domain of photolysis, and secondary chemistry, J. Chem. Phys.,
140, 244305, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4882898, 2014.
Van Den Broeke, M. R. and Lipzig, N. P. M. V.: Response of wintertime Antarctic temperatures to the Antarctic Oscillation: Results of a regional climate model, in: Antarctic Peninsula climate variability: historical and paleoenvironmental perspectives, edited by: Domack, E., Levente, A., Burnet, A., Bindschadler, R., Convey, P., and Kirby, M., Cambridge University Press, 43–58, https://doi.org/10.1029/AR079p0043, 2003.
McClure-Begley, A., Petropavlovskikh, I., Oltmans, S., and NOAA ESRL: Earth System Research Laboratory Ozone Water Vapor Group Surface Ozone Measurements, Version 1, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information [data set], https://doi.org/10.7289/V57P8WBF, 2013.
Ming, A., Winton, V. H. L., Keeble, J., Abraham, N. L., Dalvi, M. C.,
Griffiths, P., Caillon, N., Jones, A. E., Mulvaney, R., Savarino, J., Frey,
M. M., and Yang, X.: Stratospheric Ozone Changes From Explosive Tropical
Volcanoes: Modeling and Ice Core Constraints, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 125, e2019JD032290, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jd032290, 2020.
Morin, S., Savarino, J., Bekki, S., Gong, S., and Bottenheim, J. W.: Signature of Arctic surface ozone depletion events in the isotope anomaly (Δ17O) of atmospheric nitrate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1451–1469, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1451-2007, 2007.
Morin, S., Savarino, J., Frey, M. M., Yan, N., Bekki, S., Bottenheim, J. W.,
and Martins, J. M. F.: Tracing the Origin and Fate of NOx in the Arctic
Atmosphere Using Stable Isotopes in Nitrate, Science, 322, 730–732, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1161910, 2008.
Morin, S., Savarino, J., Frey, M. M., Domine, F., Jacobi, H. W., Kaleschke,
L., and Martins, J. M.: Comprehensive isotopic composition of atmospheric
nitrate in the Atlantic Ocean boundary layer from 65∘ S to 79∘ N, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D05303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010696, 2009.
Mosley-Thompson, E., Thompson, L., Paskievitch, J., Pourchet, M., Gow, A.,
Davis, M., and Kleinman, J.: Recent increase in South Pole snow
accumulation, Ann. Glaciol., 21, 131–138, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0260305500015718,
1995.
Müller, R., Grooß, J.-U., Lemmen, C., Heinze, D., Dameris, M., and Bodeker, G.: Simple measures of ozone depletion in the polar stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 251–264, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-251-2008, 2008.
Mulvaney, R. and Wolff, E. W.: Evidence for Winter Spring Denitrification of
the Stratosphere in the Nitrate Record of Antarctic Firn Cores, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 98, 5213–5220, https://doi.org/10.1029/92JD02966, 1993.
Neff, W., Crawford, J., Buhr, M., Nicovich, J., Chen, G., and Davis, D.: The meteorology and chemistry of high nitrogen oxide concentrations in the stable boundary layer at the South Pole, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3755–3778, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3755-2018, 2018.
Parish, T. R. and Bromwich, D. H.: Continental-Scale Simulation of the
Antarctic Katabatic Wind Regime, J. Climate, 4, 135–146, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1991)004<0135:CSSOTA>2.0.CO;2, 1991.
Parkinson, C. L.: A 40-y record reveals gradual Antarctic sea ice increases
followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the Arctic, P.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116, 14414–14423, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1906556116, 2019.
Polvani, L. M., Waugh, D. W., Correa, G. J. P., and Son, S.-W.:
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion: The Main Driver of Twentieth-Century
Atmospheric Circulation Changes in the Southern Hemisphere, J.
Climate, 24, 795–812, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3772.1, 2011.
Previdi, M., Smith, K. L., and Polvani, L. M.: The Antarctic Atmospheric
Energy Budget. Part I: Climatology and Intraseasonal-to-Interannual
Variability, J. Climate, 26, 6406–6418, https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00640.1,
2013.
Savarino, J., Kaiser, J., Morin, S., Sigman, D. M., and Thiemens, M. H.: Nitrogen and oxygen isotopic constraints on the origin of atmospheric nitrate in coastal Antarctica, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1925–1945, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1925-2007, 2007.
Shi, G., Hastings, M. G., Yu, J., Ma, T., Hu, Z., An, C., Li, C., Ma, H., Jiang, S., and Li, Y.: Nitrate deposition and preservation in the snowpack along a traverse from coast to the ice sheet summit (Dome A) in East Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 12, 1177–1194, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1177-2018, 2018.
Shi, G., Hu, Y., Ma, H., Jiang, S., Chen, Z., Hu, Z., An, C., Sun, B., and
Hastings, M. G.: Snow Nitrate Isotopes in Central Antarctica Record the
Prolonged Period of Stratospheric Ozone Depletion From ∼ 1960
to 2000, Geophys. Res. Lett., 49, e2022GL098986,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098986, 2022.
Sofen, E. D., Alexander, B., Steig, E. J., Thiemens, M. H., Kunasek, S. A., Amos, H. M., Schauer, A. J., Hastings, M. G., Bautista, J., Jackson, T. L., Vogel, L. E., McConnell, J. R., Pasteris, D. R., and Saltzman, E. S.: WAIS Divide ice core suggests sustained changes in the atmospheric formation pathways of sulfate and nitrate since the 19th century in the extratropical Southern Hemisphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 5749–5769, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5749-2014, 2014.
Son, S.-W., Polvani, L. M., Waugh, D. W., Birner, T., Akiyoshi, H., Garcia,
R. R., Gettelman, A., Plummer, D. A., and Rozanov, E.: The impact of
stratospheric ozone recovery on tropopause height trends, J.
Climate, 22, 429–445, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2215.1, 2009.
Spolaor, A., Burgay, F., Fernandez, R. P., Turetta, C., Cuevas, C. A., Kim,
K., Kinnison, D. E., Lamarque, J.-F., de Blasi, F., and Barbaro, E.:
Antarctic ozone hole modifies iodine geochemistry on the Antarctic Plateau,
Nat. Commun., 12, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26109-x, 2021.
Stolarski, R. S., Krueger, A. J., Schoeberl, M. R., McPeters, R. D., Newman,
P. A., and Alpert, J. C.: Nimbus 7 satellite measurements of the springtime
Antarctic ozone decrease, Nature, 322, 808–811, https://doi.org/10.1038/322808a0, 1986.
Thomas, E. R., van Wessem, J. M., Roberts, J., Isaksson, E., Schlosser, E., Fudge, T. J., Vallelonga, P., Medley, B., Lenaerts, J., Bertler, N., van den Broeke, M. R., Dixon, D. A., Frezzotti, M., Stenni, B., Curran, M., and Ekaykin, A. A.: Regional Antarctic snow accumulation over the past 1000 years, Clim. Past, 13, 1491–1513, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1491-2017, 2017.
Thomas, J. L., Dibb, J. E., Huey, L. G., Liao, J., Tanner, D., Lefer, B., von Glasow, R., and Stutz, J.: Modeling chemistry in and above snow at Summit, Greenland – Part 2: Impact of snowpack chemistry on the oxidation capacity of the boundary layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 6537–6554, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-6537-2012, 2012.
Thompson, D. W. J., Solomon, S., Kushner, P. J., England, M. H., Grise, K.
M., and Karoly, D. J.: Signatures of the Antarctic ozone hole in Southern
Hemisphere surface climate change, Nat. Geosci., 4, 741–749, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1296, 2011.
Walters, W. W., Michalski, G., Böhlke, J. K., Alexander, B., Savarino,
J., and Thiemens, M. H.: Assessing the Seasonal Dynamics of Nitrate and
Sulfate Aerosols at the South Pole Utilizing Stable Isotopes, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 8161–8177, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jd030517,
2019.
Weller, R., Traufetter, F., Fischer, H., Oerter, H., Piel, C., and Miller,
H.: Postdepositional losses of methane sulfonate, nitrate, and chloride at
the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica deep-drilling site in
Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D07301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004189, 2004.
Winski, D. A., Fudge, T. J., Ferris, D. G., Osterberg, E. C., Fegyveresi, J. M., Cole-Dai, J., Thundercloud, Z., Cox, T. S., Kreutz, K. J., Ortman, N., Buizert, C., Epifanio, J., Brook, E. J., Beaudette, R., Severinghaus, J., Sowers, T., Steig, E. J., Kahle, E. C., Jones, T. R., Morris, V., Aydin, M., Nicewonger, M. R., Casey, K. A., Alley, R. B., Waddington, E. D., Iverson, N. A., Dunbar, N. W., Bay, R. C., Souney, J. M., Sigl, M., and McConnell, J. R.: The SP19 chronology for the South Pole Ice Core – Part 1: volcanic matching and annual layer counting, Clim. Past, 15, 1793–1808, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1793-2019, 2019.
Winski, D. A., Osterberg, E. C., Kreutz, K. J., Ferris, D. G., Cole-Dai, J.,
Thundercloud, Z., Huang, J., Alexander, B., Jaeglé, L., Kennedy, J. A.,
Larrick, C., Kahle, E. C., Steig, E. J., and Jones, T. R.: Seasonally
Resolved Holocene Sea Ice Variability Inferred From South Pole Ice Core
Chemistry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2020GL091602,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091602, 2021.
Winton, V. H. L., Ming, A., Caillon, N., Hauge, L., Jones, A. E., Savarino, J., Yang, X., and Frey, M. M.: Deposition, recycling, and archival of nitrate stable isotopes between the air–snow interface: comparison between Dronning Maud Land and Dome C, Antarctica, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 5861–5885, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-5861-2020, 2020.
WMO: WMO Statement on the State of the Global Climate in 2017, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland, https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=4453 (last access: 12 October 2022), 2018.
Wohltmann, I., Lehmann, R., and Rex, M.: A quantitative analysis of the reactions involved in stratospheric ozone depletion in the polar vortex core, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 10535–10563, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10535-2017, 2017.
Wolff, E. W., Jones, A. E., Martin, T. J., and Grenfell, T. C.: Modelling
photochemical NOx production and nitrate loss in the upper snowpack of
Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 5-1–5-4,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015823, 2002.
Yang, X., Pyle, J. A., and Cox, R. A.: Sea salt aerosol production and
bromine release: Role of snow on sea ice, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L16815, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gl034536, 2008.
Zambri, B., Solomon, S., Thompson, D., and Fu, Q.: Emergence of Southern Hemisphere circulation changes in response to ozone recovery, EGU General Assembly 2020, Online, 4–8 May 2020, EGU2020-22211, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-22211, 2020.
Zatko, M., Geng, L., Alexander, B., Sofen, E., and Klein, K.: The impact of snow nitrate photolysis on boundary layer chemistry and the recycling and redistribution of reactive nitrogen across Antarctica and Greenland in a global chemical transport model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2819–2842, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2819-2016, 2016.
Zatko, M. C., Grenfell, T. C., Alexander, B., Doherty, S. J., Thomas, J. L., and Yang, X.: The influence of snow grain size and impurities on the vertical profiles of actinic flux and associated NOx emissions on the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3547–3567, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3547-2013, 2013.
Short summary
We investigate the potential of ice-core preserved nitrate isotopes as proxies of stratospheric ozone variability by measuring nitrate isotopes in a shallow ice core from the South Pole. The large variability in the snow accumulation rate and its slight increase after the 1970s masked any signals caused by the ozone hole. Moreover, the nitrate oxygen isotope decrease may reflect changes in the atmospheric oxidation environment in the Southern Ocean.
We investigate the potential of ice-core preserved nitrate isotopes as proxies of stratospheric...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint