Articles | Volume 21, issue 19
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14631-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14631-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
04 Oct 2021
Research article |
| 04 Oct 2021
| 04 Oct 2021
The effect of (NH4)2SO4 on the freezing properties of non-mineral dust ice-nucleating substances of atmospheric relevance
Soleil E. Worthy
Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
Anand Kumar
Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
Yu Xi
Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
Jingwei Yun
Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
Jessie Chen
Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
Cuishan Xu
Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
Victoria E. Irish
Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
Pierre Amato
Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont
Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma-Clermont, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
Related authors
No articles found.
Frédéric Mathonat, François Enault, Raphaëlle Péguilhan, Muriel Joly, Mariline Théveniot, Jean-Luc Baray, Barbara Ervens, and Pierre Amato
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3534, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3534, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Biogeosciences (BG).
Short summary
Short summary
The atmosphere plays key roles in Earth’s biogeochemical cycles. Airborne microbes were demonstrated previously to participate in the processing of organic carbon in clouds. Using a combinaison of complementary methods, we examined here, for the first time, their potential contribution to the pool of nitrogen compounds. Airborne microorganisms interact with abundant forms of nitrogen in the air and cloud and we provide global estimates.
Elsa Abs, Christoph Keuschnig, Pierre Amato, Chris Bowler, Eric Capo, Alexander Chase, Luciana Chavez Rodriguez, Abraham Dabengwa, Thomas Dussarrat, Thomas Guzman, Linnea Honeker, Jenni Hultman, Kirsten Küsel, Zhen Li, Anna Mankowski, William Riley, Scott Saleska, and Lisa Wingate
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1716, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1716, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Biogeosciences (BG).
Short summary
Short summary
Meta-omics technologies offer new tools to understand how microbial and plant functional diversity shape biogeochemical cycles across ecosystems. This perspective explores how integrating omics data with ecological and modeling approaches can improve our understanding of greenhouse gas fluxes and nutrient dynamics, from soils to clouds, and from the past to the future. We highlight challenges and opportunities for scaling omics insights from local processes to Earth system models.
Raphaëlle Péguilhan, Florent Rossi, Muriel Joly, Engy Nasr, Bérénice Batut, François Enault, Barbara Ervens, and Pierre Amato
Biogeosciences, 22, 1257–1275, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1257-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1257-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Using comparative metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, we examined the functioning of airborne microorganisms in clouds and a clear atmosphere. Clouds are atmospheric masses where multiple microbial processes are promoted compared with a clear atmosphere. Overrepresented microbial functions of interest include the processing of chemical compounds, biomass production, and regulation of oxidants. This has implications for biogeochemical cycles and microbial ecology.
Barbara Ervens, Pierre Amato, Kifle Aregahegn, Muriel Joly, Amina Khaled, Tiphaine Labed-Veydert, Frédéric Mathonat, Leslie Nuñez López, Raphaëlle Péguilhan, and Minghui Zhang
Biogeosciences, 22, 243–256, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-243-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-243-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric microorganisms are a small fraction of Earth's microbiome, with bacteria being a significant part. Aerosolized bacteria are airborne for a few days, encountering unique chemical and physical conditions affecting stress levels and survival. We explore chemical and microphysical conditions bacteria encounter, highlighting potential nutrient and oxidant limitations and diverse effects by pollutants, which may ultimately impact the microbiome's role in global ecosystems and biodiversity.
Liviana K. Klein, Allan K. Bertram, Andreas Zuend, Florence Gregson, and Ulrich K. Krieger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13341–13359, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13341-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13341-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The viscosity of ammonium nitrate–sucrose–H2O was quantified with three methods ranging from liquid to solid state depending on the relative humidity. Moreover, the corresponding estimated internal aerosol mixing times remained below 1 h for most tropospheric conditions, making equilibrium partitioning a reasonable assumption.
Leslie Nuñez López, Pierre Amato, and Barbara Ervens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5181–5198, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5181-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5181-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Living bacteria comprise a small particle fraction in the atmosphere. Our model study shows that atmospheric bacteria in clouds may efficiently biodegrade formic and acetic acids that affect the acidity of rain. We conclude that current atmospheric models underestimate losses of these acids as they only consider chemical processes. We suggest that biodegradation can affect atmospheric concentration not only of formic and acetic acids but also of other volatile, moderately soluble organics.
Maud Leriche, Pierre Tulet, Laurent Deguillaume, Frédéric Burnet, Aurélie Colomb, Agnès Borbon, Corinne Jambert, Valentin Duflot, Stéphan Houdier, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Mickaël Vaïtilingom, Pamela Dominutti, Manon Rocco, Camille Mouchel-Vallon, Samira El Gdachi, Maxence Brissy, Maroua Fathalli, Nicolas Maury, Bert Verreyken, Crist Amelynck, Niels Schoon, Valérie Gros, Jean-Marc Pichon, Mickael Ribeiro, Eric Pique, Emmanuel Leclerc, Thierry Bourrianne, Axel Roy, Eric Moulin, Joël Barrie, Jean-Marc Metzger, Guillaume Péris, Christian Guadagno, Chatrapatty Bhugwant, Jean-Mathieu Tibere, Arnaud Tournigand, Evelyn Freney, Karine Sellegri, Anne-Marie Delort, Pierre Amato, Muriel Joly, Jean-Luc Baray, Pascal Renard, Angelica Bianco, Anne Réchou, and Guillaume Payen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4129–4155, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4129-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4129-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles in the atmosphere play a key role in climate change and air pollution. A large number of aerosol particles are formed from the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs and secondary organic aerosols – SOA). An important field campaign was organized on Réunion in March–April 2019 to understand the formation of SOA in a tropical atmosphere mostly influenced by VOCs emitted by forest and in the presence of clouds. This work synthesizes the results of this campaign.
Anand Kumar, Kristian Klumpp, Chen Barak, Giora Rytwo, Michael Plötze, Thomas Peter, and Claudia Marcolli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4881–4902, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4881-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4881-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Smectites are a major class of clay minerals that are ice nucleation (IN) active. They form platelets that swell or even delaminate in water by intercalation of water between their layers. We hypothesize that at least three smectite layers need to be stacked together to host a critical ice embryo on clay mineral edges and that the larger the surface edge area is, the higher the freezing temperature. Edge sites on such clay particles play a crucial role in imparting IN ability to such particles.
Fabian Mahrt, Long Peng, Julia Zaks, Yuanzhou Huang, Paul E. Ohno, Natalie R. Smith, Florence K. A. Gregson, Yiming Qin, Celia L. Faiola, Scot T. Martin, Sergey A. Nizkorodov, Markus Ammann, and Allan K. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13783–13796, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13783-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13783-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The number of condensed phases in mixtures of different secondary organic aerosol (SOA) types determines their impact on air quality and climate. Here we observe the number of phases in individual particles that contain mixtures of two different types of SOA. We find that SOA mixtures can form one- or two-phase particles, depending on the difference in the average oxygen-to-carbon (O / C) ratios of the two SOA types that are internally mixed within individual particles.
Kristian J. Kiland, Kevin L. Marroquin, Natalie R. Smith, Shaun Xu, Sergey A. Nizkorodov, and Allan K. Bertram
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5545–5561, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5545-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5545-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Information on the viscosity of secondary organic aerosols is needed when making air quality, climate, and atmospheric chemistry predictions. Viscosity depends on temperature, so we developed a new method for measuring the temperature-dependent viscosity of small samples. As an application of the method, we measured the viscosity of farnesene secondary organic aerosol at different temperatures.
Robert Wagner, Luisa Ickes, Allan K. Bertram, Nora Els, Elena Gorokhova, Ottmar Möhler, Benjamin J. Murray, Nsikanabasi Silas Umo, and Matthew E. Salter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13903–13930, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13903-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13903-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Sea spray aerosol particles are a mixture of inorganic salts and organic matter from phytoplankton organisms. At low temperatures in the upper troposphere, both inorganic and organic constituents can induce the formation of ice crystals and thereby impact cloud properties and climate. In this study, we performed experiments in a cloud simulation chamber with particles produced from Arctic seawater samples to quantify the relative contribution of inorganic and organic species in ice formation.
Fernanda Córdoba, Carolina Ramírez-Romero, Diego Cabrera, Graciela B. Raga, Javier Miranda, Harry Alvarez-Ospina, Daniel Rosas, Bernardo Figueroa, Jong Sung Kim, Jacqueline Yakobi-Hancock, Talib Amador, Wilfrido Gutierrez, Manuel García, Allan K. Bertram, Darrel Baumgardner, and Luis A. Ladino
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4453–4470, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4453-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4453-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Most precipitation from deep clouds over the continents and in the intertropical convergence zone is strongly influenced by the presence of ice crystals whose formation requires the presence of aerosol particles. In the present study, the ability of three different aerosol types (i.e., marine aerosol, biomass burning, and African dust) to facilitate ice particle formation was assessed in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico.
Minghui Zhang, Amina Khaled, Pierre Amato, Anne-Marie Delort, and Barbara Ervens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3699–3724, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3699-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3699-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Although primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs, bioaerosols) represent a small fraction of total atmospheric aerosol burden, they might affect climate and public health. We summarize which PBAP properties are important to affect their inclusion in clouds and interaction with light and might also affect their residence time and transport in the atmosphere. Our study highlights that not only chemical and physical but also biological processes can modify these physicochemical properties.
Amina Khaled, Minghui Zhang, Pierre Amato, Anne-Marie Delort, and Barbara Ervens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3123–3141, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3123-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3123-2021, 2021
Young-Chul Song, Ariana G. Bé, Scot T. Martin, Franz M. Geiger, Allan K. Bertram, Regan J. Thomson, and Mijung Song
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11263–11273, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11263-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11263-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We report the liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) of organic aerosol consisting of α-pinene- and β-caryophyllene-derived ozonolysis products and commercial organic compounds. As compositional complexity increased from one to two organic species, LLPS occurred over a wider range of average O : C values (increasing from 0.44 to 0.67). These results provide further evidence that LLPS is likely frequent in organic aerosol particles in the troposphere, even in the absence of inorganic salt.
Luisa Ickes, Grace C. E. Porter, Robert Wagner, Michael P. Adams, Sascha Bierbauer, Allan K. Bertram, Merete Bilde, Sigurd Christiansen, Annica M. L. Ekman, Elena Gorokhova, Kristina Höhler, Alexei A. Kiselev, Caroline Leck, Ottmar Möhler, Benjamin J. Murray, Thea Schiebel, Romy Ullrich, and Matthew E. Salter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11089–11117, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11089-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11089-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic is a region where aerosols are scarce. Sea spray might be a potential source of aerosols acting as ice-nucleating particles. We investigate two common phytoplankton species (Melosira arctica and Skeletonema marinoi) and present their ice nucleation activity in comparison with Arctic seawater microlayer samples from different field campaigns. We also aim to understand the aerosolization process of marine biological samples and the potential effect on the ice nucleation activity.
Cited articles
Ahern, H. E., Walsh, K. A., Hill, T. C. J., and Moffett, B. F.: Fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from Hebridean cloud and rain water produce biosurfactants but do not cause ice nucleation, Biogeosciences, 4, 115–124, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-4-115-2007, 2007.
Alpert, P. A., Aller, J. Y., and Knopf, D. A.: Initiation of the ice phase
by marine biogenic surfaces in supersaturated gas and supercooled aqueous
phases, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 13, 19882–19894,
https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cp21844a, 2011.
Amato, P., Parazols, M., Sancelme, M., Laj, P., Mailhot, G., and Delort,
A.-M.: Microorganisms isolated from the water phase of tropospheric clouds
at the Puy de Dôme: major groups and growth abilities at low
temperatures, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 59, 242–254,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00199.x, 2007.
Amato, P., Joly, M., Schaupp, C., Attard, E., Möhler, O., Morris, C. E., Brunet, Y., and Delort, A.-M.: Survival and ice nucleation activity of bacteria as aerosols in a cloud simulation chamber, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6455–6465, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6455-2015, 2015.
Anim-Danso, E., Zhang, Y., and Dhinojwala, A.: Surface charge affects the
structure of interfacial ice, J. Phys. Chem. C, 120, 3741–3748,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b08371, 2016.
Ansmann, A., Tesche, M., Seifert, P., Althausen, D., Engelmann, R., Fruntke,
J., Wandinger, U., Mattis, I., and Müller, D.: Evolution of the ice
phase in tropical altocumulus: SAMUM lidar observations over Cape Verde, J.
Geophys. Res., 114, D17208, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011659, 2009.
Atkins, P. and de Paula, J.: Atkins' Physical Chemistry, 10th Edn., Oxford
University Press, Oxford, xxv + 1008 pp., 2014.
Atkinson, J. D., Murray, B. J., Woodhouse, M. T., Whale, T. F., Baustian, K.
J., Carslaw, K. S., Dobbie, S., O'Sullivan, D., and Malkin, T. L.: The
importance of feldspar for ice nucleation by mineral dust in mixed-phase
clouds, Nature, 498, 355–358, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12278, 2013.
Attard, E., Yang, H., Delort, A.-M., Amato, P., Pöschl, U., Glaux, C., Koop, T., and Morris, C. E.: Effects of atmospheric conditions on ice nucleation activity of Pseudomonas, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 10667–10677, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-10667-2012, 2012.
Augustin-Bauditz, S., Wex, H., Kanter, S., Ebert, M., Niedermeier, D.,
Stolz, F., Prager, A., and Stratmann, F.: The immersion mode ice nucleation
behavior of mineral dusts: A comparison of different pure and surface
modified dusts, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 7375–7382,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL061317, 2014.
Bakken, L. R. and Olsen, R. A.: Buoyant densities and dry-matter contents of
microorganisms: conversion of a measured biovolume into biomass, Appl.
Environ. Microbiol., 45, 1188–1195,
https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.45.4.1188-1195, 1983.
Barker, D.: Ammonium in alkali feldspars, Am. Mineral., 49, 851–858, 1964.
Blanchard, D. C.: Sea-to-air transport of surface active material, Sci.
Sci., 146, 396–397, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.146.3642.396, 1964.
Borduas-Dedekind, N., Ossola, R., David, R. O., Boynton, L. S., Weichlinger, V., Kanji, Z. A., and McNeill, K.: Photomineralization mechanism changes the ability of dissolved organic matter to activate cloud droplets and to nucleate ice crystals, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 12397–12412, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12397-2019, 2019.
Broadley, S. L., Murray, B. J., Herbert, R. J., Atkinson, J. D., Dobbie, S., Malkin, T. L., Condliffe, E., and Neve, L.: Immersion mode heterogeneous ice nucleation by an illite rich powder representative of atmospheric mineral dust, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 287–307, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-287-2012, 2012.
Buchanan, R. E. and Gibbons, N. E.: Bergey's Manual of Determinative
Bacteriology, The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, xxvi + 1246 pp.,
1974.
Burgess, L. W., Forbes, G. A., Windels, C., Nelson, P. E., Marasas, W. F.
O., and Gott, K. P.: Characterization and distribution of Fusarium
acuminatum subsp, Armeniacum subsp. nov., Mycologia, 85, 119–124, 1993.
Burkert-Kohn, M., Wex, H., Welti, A., Hartmann, S., Grawe, S., Hellner, L., Herenz, P., Atkinson, J. D., Stratmann, F., and Kanji, Z. A.: Leipzig Ice Nucleation chamber Comparison (LINC): intercomparison of four online ice nucleation counters, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 11683–11705, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11683-2017, 2017.
Burrows, S. M., Butler, T., Jöckel, P., Tost, H., Kerkweg, A., Pöschl, U., and Lawrence, M. G.: Bacteria in the global atmosphere – Part 2: Modeling of emissions and transport between different ecosystems, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9281–9297, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9281-2009, 2009.
Chernoff, D. I. and Bertram, A. K.: Effects of sulfate coatings on the ice
nucleation properties of a biological ice nucleus and several types of
minerals, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D20205,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014254, 2010.
Coluzza, I., Creamean, J., Rossi, M. J., Wex, H., Alpert, P. A., Bianco, V.,
Boose, Y., Dellago, C., Felgitsch, L., Fröhlich-Nowoisky, J., Herrmann,
H., Jungblut, S., Kanji, Z. A., Menzl, G., Moffett, B., Moritz, C., Mutzel,
A., Pöschl, U., Schauperl, M., Scheel, J., Stopelli, E., Stratmann, F.,
Grothe, H., and Schmale, D. G.: Perspectives on the future of ice nucleation
research: Research needs and unanswered questions identified from two
international workshops, Atmosphere (Basel), 8, 138,
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8080138, 2017.
David, R. O., Marcolli, C., Fahrni, J., Qiu, Y., Perez Sirkin, Y. A.,
Molinero, V., Mahrt, F., Brühwiler, D., Lohmann, U., and Kanji, Z. A.:
Pore condensation and freezing is responsible for ice formation below water
saturation for porous particles, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116, 8184–8189,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1813647116, 2019.
Delany, A. C., Claire Delany, A., Parkin, D. W., Griffin, J. J., Goldberg,
E. D., and Reimann, B. E. F.: Airborne dust collected at Barbados, Geochim.
Cosmochim. Ac., 31, 885–909,
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(67)80037-1, 1967.
DeMott, P. J., Hill, T. C. J., McCluskey, C. S., Prather, K. A., Collins, D.
B., Sullivan, R. C., Ruppel, M. J., Mason, R. H., Irish, V. E., Lee, T.,
Hwang, C. Y., Rhee, T. S., Snider, J. R., McMeeking, G. R., Dhaniyala, S.,
Lewis, E. R., Wentzell, J. J. B., Abbatt, J., Lee, C., Sultana, C. M., Ault,
A. P., Axson, J. L., Martinez, M. D., Venero, I., Santos-Figueroa, G.,
Stokes, M. D., Deane, G. B., Mayol-Bracero, O. L., Grassian, V. H., Bertram,
T. H., Bertram, A. K., Moffett, B. F., and Franc, G. D.: Sea spray aerosol
as a unique source of ice nucleating particles, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113,
5797–5803, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1514034112, 2016.
Desnos, H., Bruyère, P., Louis, G., Buff, S., and Baudot, A.: Ice
induction using Snomax in the dimethyl-sulfoxide-containing
aqueous solution for DSC experiments, Thermochim. Acta, 692, 178734,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2020.178734, 2020.
Eastwood, M. L., Cremel, S., Gehrke, C., Girard, E., and Bertram, A. K.: Ice
nucleation on mineral dust particles: Onset conditions, nucleation rates and
contact angles, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D22203,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010639, 2008.
Failor, K. C., Schmale, D. G., Vinatzer, B. A., and Monteil, C. L.: Ice
nucleation active bacteria in precipitation are genetically diverse and
nucleate ice by employing different mechanisms, ISME J., 11, 2740–2753,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2017.124, 2017.
Falkovich, A. H., Ganor, E., and Rudich, Y.: Adsorption of organic compounds
pertinent to urban environments onto mineral dust particles, J. Geophys.
Res., 109, D02208, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003919, 2004.
Fröhlich-Nowoisky, J., Kampf, C. J., Weber, B., Huffman, J. A.,
Pöhlker, C., Andreae, M. O., Lang-Yona, N., Burrows, S. M., Gunthe, S.
S., Elbert, W., Su, H., Hoor, P., Thines, E., Hoffmann, T., Després, V.
R., and Pöschl, U.: Bioaerosols in the Earth system: Climate, health,
and ecosystem interactions, Atmos. Res., 182, 346–376,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.07.018, 2016.
Ganor, E.: The composition of clay minerals transported to Israel as
indicators of Saharan dust emission, Atmos. Environ. Part A, 25,
2657–2664, https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(91)90195-D, 1991.
Garnham, C. P., Campbell, R. L., Walker, V. K., and Davies, P. L.: Novel
dimeric β-helical model of an ice nucleation protein with bridged
active sites, BMC Struct. Biol., 11, 36,
https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6807-11-36, 2011.
Glaccum, R. A. and Prospero, J. M.: Saharan aerosols over the tropical North
Atlantic – Mineralogy, Mar. Geol., 37, 295–321,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(80)90107-3, 1980.
Graber, E. R. and Rudich, Y.: Atmospheric HULIS: How humic-like are they? A comprehensive and critical review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 729–753, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-729-2006, 2006.
Graether, S. P. and Jia, Z.: Modeling Pseudomonas syringae ice-nucleation
protein as a β-helical protein, Biophys. J., 80, 1169–1173,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(01)76093-6, 2001.
Grossi, S. M., Kottmeierl, S. T., Moe, R. L., Taylor, G. T., and Sullivan,
C. W.: Sea ice microbial communities. VI. Growth and primary production in
bottom ice under graded snow cover, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 35, 153–164,
1987.
Gülgönül, İ., Karagüzel, C., Çınar, M., and
Çelik, M. S.: Interaction of sodium ions with feldspar surfaces and its
effect on the selective separation of Na- and K-feldspars, Miner. Process.
Extr. Metall. Rev., 33, 233–245,
https://doi.org/10.1080/08827508.2011.562952, 2012.
Gurian-Sherman, D. and Lindow, S. E.: Bacterial ice nucleation: Significance
and molecular basis, FASEB J., 7, 1338–1343,
https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.7.14.8224607, 1993.
Harrison, A. D., Whale, T. F., Carpenter, M. A., Holden, M. A., Neve, L., O'Sullivan, D., Vergara Temprado, J., and Murray, B. J.: Not all feldspars are equal: a survey of ice nucleating properties across the feldspar group of minerals, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10927–10940, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10927-2016, 2016.
Hasegawa, Y., Ishihara, Y., and Tokuyama, T.: Bioscience, biotechnology, and
biochemistry characteristics of ice-nucleation activity in Fusarium
avenaceum IFO 7158, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 58, 2273–2274,
https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.58.2273, 1994.
Hew, C. L. and Yang, D. S. C.: Protein interaction with ice, Eur. J.
Biochem., 203, 33–42, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb19824.x,
1992.
Hinz, K. P., Trimborn, A., Weingartner, E., Henning, S., Baltensperger, U.,
and Spengler, B.: Aerosol single particle composition at the Jungfraujoch,
J. Aerosol Sci., 36, 123–145,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.08.001, 2005.
Hoose, C. and Möhler, O.: Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols: a review of results from laboratory experiments, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9817–9854, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9817-2012, 2012.
Ickes, L., Porter, G. C. E., Wagner, R., Adams, M. P., Bierbauer, S., Bertram, A. K., Bilde, M., Christiansen, S., Ekman, A. M. L., Gorokhova, E., Höhler, K., Kiselev, A. A., Leck, C., Möhler, O., Murray, B. J., Schiebel, T., Ullrich, R., and Salter, M. E.: The ice-nucleating activity of Arctic sea surface microlayer samples and marine algal cultures, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11089–11117, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11089-2020, 2020.
Irish, V. E., Elizondo, P., Chen, J., Chou, C., Charette, J., Lizotte, M., Ladino, L. A., Wilson, T. W., Gosselin, M., Murray, B. J., Polishchuk, E., Abbatt, J. P. D., Miller, L. A., and Bertram, A. K.: Ice-nucleating particles in Canadian Arctic sea-surface microlayer and bulk seawater, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 10583–10595, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10583-2017, 2017.
Irish, V. E., Hanna, S. J., Xi, Y., Boyer, M., Polishchuk, E., Ahmed, M., Chen, J., Abbatt, J. P. D., Gosselin, M., Chang, R., Miller, L. A., and Bertram, A. K.: Revisiting properties and concentrations of ice-nucleating particles in the sea surface microlayer and bulk seawater in the Canadian Arctic during summer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 7775–7787, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7775-2019, 2019.
Joly, M., Attard, E., Sancelme, M., Deguillaume, L., Guilbaud, C., Morris,
C. E., Amato, P., and Delort, A.-M.: Ice nucleation activity of bacteria
isolated from cloud water, Atmos. Environ., 70, 392–400,
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2013.01.027, 2013.
Kandler, K., Benker, N., Bundke, U., Cuevas, E., Ebert, M., Knippertz, P.,
Rodríguez, S., Schütz, L., and Weinbruch, S.: Chemical composition
and complex refractive index of Saharan mineral dust at Izaña, Tenerife
(Spain) derived by electron microscopy, Atmos. Environ., 41, 8058–8074,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.047, 2007.
Kanji, Z. A. and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Ice nucleation onto Arizona Test Dust at
cirrus temperatures: Effect of temperature and aerosol size on onset
relative humidity, J. Phys. Chem. A, 114, 935–941,
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp908661m, 2010.
Kanji, Z. A., Ladino, L. A., Wex, H., Boose, Y., Burkert-Kohn, M., Cziczo,
D. J., and Krämer, M.: Overview of ice nucleating particles, Meteorol.
Monogr., 58, 1–33, https://doi.org/10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-16-0006.1,
2017.
Kanji, Z. A., Sullivan, R. C., Niemand, M., DeMott, P. J., Prenni, A. J., Chou, C., Saathoff, H., and Möhler, O.: Heterogeneous ice nucleation properties of natural desert dust particles coated with a surrogate of secondary organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5091–5110, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5091-2019, 2019.
Kaufmann, L., Marcolli, C., Hofer, J., Pinti, V., Hoyle, C. R., and Peter, T.: Ice nucleation efficiency of natural dust samples in the immersion mode, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11177–11206, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11177-2016, 2016.
Kawahara, H.: The structures and functions of ice crystal-controlling
proteins from bacteria, J. Biosci. Bioeng., 94, 492–496, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389-1723(02)80185-2, 2002.
Kim, H. K., Orser, C., Lindow, S. C., and Sands, D. C.: Xanthomonas
campestris pv. translucens strains active in ice nucleation, Plant Dis., 71,
994–997, 1987.
Knopf, D. A. and Koop, T.: Heterogeneous nucleation of ice on surrogates of
mineral dust, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 111, D12201,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006894, 2006.
Knopf, D. A., Wang, B., Laskin, A., Moffet, R. C., and Gilles, M. K.:
Heterogeneous nucleation of ice on anthropogenic organic particles collected
in Mexico City, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L11803,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL043362, 2010.
Knopf, D. A., Alpert, P. A., Wang, B., and Aller, J. Y.: Stimulation of ice
nucleation by marine diatoms, Nat. Geosci., 4, 88–90,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1037, 2011.
Koop, T. and Murray, B. J.: A physically constrained classical description
of the homogeneous nucleation of ice in water, J. Chem. Phys., 145, 211915,
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4962355, 2016.
Koop, T. and Zobrist, B.: Parameterizations for ice nucleation in biological
and atmospheric systems, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11, 10839–10850,
https://doi.org/10.1039/b914289d, 2009.
Koop, T., Luo, B., Tsias, A., and Peter, T.: Water activity as the
determinant for homogeneous ice nucleation in aqueous solutions, Nature,
406, 611–614, https://doi.org/10.1038/35020537, 2000.
Kosmulski, M.: Surface Charging and Points of Zero Charge, CRC Press Taylor
and Francis Group, xxvii + 1064 pp.,
2009.
Kosmulski, M.: The pH dependent surface charging and points of zero charge,
VIII, Adv. Colloid Interfac., 275, 102064, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2019.102064, 2020.
Kulkarni, G., Sanders, C., Zhang, K., Liu, X., and Zhao, C.: Ice nucleation
of bare and sulfuric acid-coated mineral dust particles and implication for
cloud properties, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119, 9993–10011,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD021567, 2014.
Kumar, A., Marcolli, C., Luo, B., and Peter, T.: Ice nucleation activity of silicates and aluminosilicates in pure water and aqueous solutions – Part 1: The K-feldspar microcline, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 7057–7079, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7057-2018, 2018.
Kumar, A., Marcolli, C., and Peter, T.: Ice nucleation activity of silicates and aluminosilicates in pure water and aqueous solutions – Part 2: Quartz and amorphous silica, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 6035–6058, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6035-2019, 2019a.
Kumar, A., Marcolli, C., and Peter, T.: Ice nucleation activity of silicates and aluminosilicates in pure water and aqueous solutions – Part 3: Aluminosilicates, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 6059–6084, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6059-2019, 2019b.
Ladino, L. A., Yakobi-Hancock, J. D., Kilthau, W. P., Mason, R. H., Si, M.,
Li, J., Miller, L. A., Schiller, C. L., Huffman, J. A., Aller, J. Y., Knopf,
D. A., Bertram, A. K., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Addressing the ice nucleating
abilities of marine aerosol: A combination of deposition mode laboratory and
field measurements, Atmos. Environ., 132, 1–10,
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2016.02.028, 2016.
Lide, R. D.: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press Taylor and
Francis Group, 2664 pp., 2001.
Lindemann, J., Constantinidou, H. A., Barchet, W. R., and Upper, C. D.:
Plants as sources of airborne bacteria, including ice nucleation-active
bacteria, Appl. Environ. Microb., 44, 1059–1063, 1982.
Lindow, S. E., Lahue, E., Govindarajan, A. G., Panopoulos, N. J., and Gies,
D.: Localization of ice nucleation activity and the iceC gene product in
Pseudomonas syringae and Escherichia coli, Mol. Plant Microbe, 2, 262–272,
1989.
Link, N., Removski, N., Yun, J., Fleming, L. T., Nizkorodov, S. A., Bertram,
A. K., and Al-Abadleh, H. A.: Dust-Catalyzed oxidative polymerization of
catechol and its impacts on ice nucleation efficiency and optical
properties, ACS Earth Sp. Chem., 4, 1127–1139,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00107, 2020.
Liss, P. S. and Duce, R. A.: The Sea Surface and Global Change, Cambridge
University Press, https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511525025, 1997.
Lüönd, F., Stetzer, O., Welti, A., and Lohmann, U.: Experimental
study on the ice nucleation ability of size-selected kaolinite particles in
the immersion mode, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D14201,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012959, 2010.
Maki, L. R., Galyan, E. L., Chang-Chien, M.-M., and Caldwell, D. R.: Ice
nucleation induced by Pseudomonas syringae, Appl. Microbiol., 28, 456–459,
1974.
Mccluskey, C. S., Hill, E. T. C. J., Sultana, C. M., Laskina, O., Trueblood,
J., Santander, M. V., Beall, C. M., Michaud, J. M., Kreidenweis, S. M.,
Prather, K. A., Grassian, V., and Demott, P. J.: A mesocosm double feature:
Insights into the chemical makeup of marine ice nucleating particles, J.
Atmos. Sci., 75, 2405–2423, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-17-0155.1, 2018.
McNaughton, C. S., Clarke, A. D., Kapustin, V., Shinozuka, Y., Howell, S. G., Anderson, B. E., Winstead, E., Dibb, J., Scheuer, E., Cohen, R. C., Wooldridge, P., Perring, A., Huey, L. G., Kim, S., Jimenez, J. L., Dunlea, E. J., DeCarlo, P. F., Wennberg, P. O., Crounse, J. D., Weinheimer, A. J., and Flocke, F.: Observations of heterogeneous reactions between Asian pollution and mineral dust over the Eastern North Pacific during INTEX-B, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8283–8308, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8283-2009, 2009.
Möhler, O., Georgakopoulos, D. G., Morris, C. E., Benz, S., Ebert, V., Hunsmann, S., Saathoff, H., Schnaiter, M., and Wagner, R.: Heterogeneous ice nucleation activity of bacteria: new laboratory experiments at simulated cloud conditions, Biogeosciences, 5, 1425–1435, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-1425-2008, 2008.
Murray, B. J., O'Sullivan, D., Atkinson, J. D., and Webb, M. E.: Ice
nucleation by particles immersed in supercooled cloud droplets, Chem. Soc.
Rev., 41, 6519–6554, https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cs35200a, 2012.
Nash, V. E. and Marshall, C. E.: Cationic reactions of feldspar surfaces,
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 21, 149,
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1957.03615995002100020005x, 1957.
O'Sullivan, D., Murray, B. J., Malkin, T. L., Whale, T. F., Umo, N. S., Atkinson, J. D., Price, H. C., Baustian, K. J., Browse, J., and Webb, M. E.: Ice nucleation by fertile soil dusts: relative importance of mineral and biogenic components, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1853–1867, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1853-2014, 2014.
Peckhaus, A., Kiselev, A., Hiron, T., Ebert, M., and Leisner, T.: A comparative study of K-rich and Na/Ca-rich feldspar ice-nucleating particles in a nanoliter droplet freezing assay, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11477–11496, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11477-2016, 2016a.
Peckhaus, A., Kiselev, A., Hiron, T., Ebert, M., and Leisner, T.: A comparative study of K-rich and Na/Ca-rich feldspar ice-nucleating particles in a nanoliter droplet freezing assay, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11477–11496, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11477-2016, 2016b.
Perkins, R. J., Gillette, S. M., Hill, T. C. J., and DeMott, P. J.: The
labile nature of ice nucleation by Arizona Test Dust, ACS Earth Sp. Chem.,
4, 133–141, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00304, 2020.
Petrikkou, E., Rodríguez, J. L., Cuenca-Estrella, M., Gómez, A.,
Molleja, A., and Mellado, E.: Inoculum standardization for antifungal
susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi pathogenic for humans, J. Clin.
Microbiol., 39, 1345–1347, https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.4.1345-1347.2001,
2001.
Pinti, V., Marcolli, C., Zobrist, B., Hoyle, C. R., and Peter, T.: Ice nucleation efficiency of clay minerals in the immersion mode, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5859–5878, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5859-2012, 2012.
Pouleur, S., Richard, C., Martin, J.-G., and Antoun, H.: Ice nucleation
activity in Fusarium acuminatum and Fusarium avenaceum, Appl. Environ.
Microbiol., 58, 2960–2964, 1992.
Pratt, K. A., DeMott, P. J., French, J. R., Wang, Z., Westphal, D. L.,
Heymsfield, A. J., Twohy, C. H., Prenni, A. J., and Prather, K. A.: In situ
detection of biological particles in cloud ice-crystals, Nat. Geosci., 2,
398–401, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo521, 2009.
Prospero, J. M.: Long-range transport of mineral dust in the global
atmosphere: Impact of African dust on the environment of the southeastern
United States, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 3396–3403,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.7.3396, 1999.
Pummer, B. G., Budke, C., Augustin-Bauditz, S., Niedermeier, D., Felgitsch, L., Kampf, C. J., Huber, R. G., Liedl, K. R., Loerting, T., Moschen, T., Schauperl, M., Tollinger, M., Morris, C. E., Wex, H., Grothe, H., Pöschl, U., Koop, T., and Fröhlich-Nowoisky, J.: Ice nucleation by water-soluble macromolecules, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 4077–4091, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-4077-2015, 2015.
Raymond, J. A.: Distribution and partial characterization of ice-active
molecules associated with sea-ice diatoms, Polar Biol., 23, 721–729,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s003000000147, 2000.
Raymond, J. A. and Fritsen, C. H.: Semipurification and ice
recrystallization inhibition activity of ice-active substances associated
with antarctic photosynthetic organisms, Cryobiology, 43, 63–70,
https://doi.org/10.1006/cryo.2001.2341, 2001.
Reischel, M. T. and Vali, G.: Freezing nucleation in aqueous electrolytes,
27, 414–427, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2153-3490.1975.tb01692.x, 1975.
Ren, Y., Bertram, A. K., and Patey, G. N.: Effects of inorganic ions on ice
nucleation by the Al surface of kaolinite immersed in water, J. Phys. Chem.
B, 124, 4605–4618, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c01695, 2020.
Richard, C., Martin, J.-G., and Pouleur, S.: Ice nucleation activity
identified in some phytopathogenic Fusarium species, 77, 83–92,
https://doi.org/10.7202/706104ar, 1996.
Rigg, Y. J., Alpert, P. A., and Knopf, D. A.: Immersion freezing of water and aqueous ammonium sulfate droplets initiated by humic-like substances as a function of water activity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6603–6622, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6603-2013, 2013.
Salam, A., Lohmann, U., and Lesins, G.: Ice nucleation of ammonia gas exposed montmorillonite mineral dust particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3923–3931, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-3923-2007, 2007.
Schwidetzky, R., Lukas, M., YazdanYar, A., Kunert, A. T., Pöschl, U.,
Domke, K. F., Fröhlich-Nowoisky, J., Bonn, M., Koop, T., Nagata, Y., and
Meister, K.: Specific Ion–Protein Interactions Influence Bacterial Ice
Nucleation, Chem. – A Eur. J., 27, 7402–7407
https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202004630, 2021.
Seifi, T., Ketabchi, S., Aminian, H., Etebarian, H. R., and Kamali, M.:
Investigation and comparison of the ice nucleation activity in Fusarium
avenaceum and Fusarium acuminatum, Int. J. Farming Allied Sci., 3, 518–528,
2014.
Sharma, A., Gautam, S., and Wadhawan, S.: Xanthomonas, in: Encyclopedia of
Food Microbiology: Second Edition, Elsevier Inc., 811–817,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384730-0.00359-1, 2014.
Shilling, J. E., Fortin, T. J., and Tolbert, M. A.: Depositional ice
nucleation on crystalline organic and inorganic solids, J. Geophys. Res.,
111, D12204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006664, 2006.
Stumm, W. and Morgan, J. J.: Aquatic Chemistry: An Introduction Emphasizing
Chemical Equilibria in Natural Waters, Wiley-Interscience, New York, xv + 583 pp., 1971.
Sullivan, R. C., Miñambres, L., Demott, P. J., Prenni, A. J., Carrico,
C. M., Levin, E. J. T., and Kreidenweis, S. M.: Chemical processing does not
always impair heterogeneous ice nucleation of mineral dust particles,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L24805, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL045540,
2010a.
Sullivan, R. C., Petters, M. D., DeMott, P. J., Kreidenweis, S. M., Wex, H., Niedermeier, D., Hartmann, S., Clauss, T., Stratmann, F., Reitz, P., Schneider, J., and Sierau, B.: Irreversible loss of ice nucleation active sites in mineral dust particles caused by sulphuric acid condensation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11471–11487, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11471-2010, 2010b.
Tang, M., Cziczo, D. J., and Grassian, V. H.: Interactions of water with
mineral dust aerosol: Water adsorption, hygroscopicity, cloud condensation,
and ice nucleation, Chem. Rev., 116, 4205–4259,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00529, 2016.
Tinsley, B., Rohrbaugh, R., and Hei, M.: Effects of image charges on the
scavenging of aerosol particles by cloud droplets and on droplet charging
and possible ice nucleation processes, J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2118–2134,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2118:EOICOT>2.0.CO;2, 2000.
Tobo, Y., DeMott, P. J., Raddatz, M., Niedermeier, D., Hartmann, S.,
Kreidenweis, S. M., Stratmann, F., and Wex, H.: Impacts of chemical
reactivity on ice nucleation of kaolinite particles: A case study of
levoglucosan and sulfuric acid, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L19803,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053007, 2012.
Usher, C. R., Michel, A. E., and Grassian, V. H.: Reactions on mineral dust,
Chem. Rev., 103, 4883–49439, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr020657y, 2003.
Vaïtilingom, M., Attard, E., Gaiani, N., Sancelme, M., Deguillaume, L.,
Flossmann, A. I., Amato, P., and Delort, A.-M.: Long-term features of cloud
microbiology at the puy de Dôme (France), Atmos. Environ., 56, 88–100,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.03.072, 2012.
Vali, G.: Quantitative evaluation of experimental results on the
heterogeneous freezing nucleation of supercooled liquids, J. Atmos. Sci.,
28, 402–409, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1971)028<0402:QEOERA>2.0.CO;2, 1971.
Vali, G., DeMott, P. J., Möhler, O., and Whale, T. F.: Technical Note: A proposal for ice nucleation terminology, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10263–10270, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10263-2015, 2015.
Wang, X., Sultana, C. M., Trueblood, J., Hill, T. C. J., Malfatti, F., Lee,
C., Laskina, O., Moore, K. A., Beall, C. M., McCluskey, C. S., Cornwell, G.
C., Zhou, Y., Cox, J. L., Pendergraft, M. A., Santander, M. V., Bertram, T.
H., Cappa, C. D., Azam, F., DeMott, P. J., Grassian, V. H., and Prather, K.
A.: Microbial control of sea spray aerosol composition: A tale of two
blooms, ACS Cent. Sci., 1, 124–131,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.5b00148, 2015.
Warren, G. and Corotto, L.: The consensus sequence of ice nucleation
proteins from Enuinia herbicola, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas
syringae, Gene, 85, 239–242, 1989.
Weng, L., Tessier, S. N., Smith, K., Edd, J. F., Stott, S. L., and Toner,
M.: Bacterial Ice Nucleation in Monodisperse D2O and H2O-in-Oil Emulsions,
32, 9229–9236, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02212, 2016.
Westbrook, C. D. and Illingworth, A. J.: Evidence that ice forms primarily
in supercooled liquid clouds at temperatures > −27 ∘C,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L14808, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048021, 2011.
Wex, H., DeMott, P. J., Tobo, Y., Hartmann, S., Rösch, M., Clauss, T., Tomsche, L., Niedermeier, D., and Stratmann, F.: Kaolinite particles as ice nuclei: learning from the use of different kaolinite samples and different coatings, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 5529–5546, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5529-2014, 2014.
Wex, H., Augustin-Bauditz, S., Boose, Y., Budke, C., Curtius, J., Diehl, K., Dreyer, A., Frank, F., Hartmann, S., Hiranuma, N., Jantsch, E., Kanji, Z. A., Kiselev, A., Koop, T., Möhler, O., Niedermeier, D., Nillius, B., Rösch, M., Rose, D., Schmidt, C., Steinke, I., and Stratmann, F.: Intercomparing different devices for the investigation of ice nucleating particles using Snomax® as test substance, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1463–1485, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1463-2015, 2015.
Whale, T. F., Murray, B. J., O'Sullivan, D., Wilson, T. W., Umo, N. S., Baustian, K. J., Atkinson, J. D., Workneh, D. A., and Morris, G. J.: A technique for quantifying heterogeneous ice nucleation in microlitre supercooled water droplets, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 2437–2447, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2437-2015, 2015.
Whale, T. F., Holden, M. A., Kulak, A. N., Kim, Y. Y., Meldrum, F. C.,
Christenson, H. K., and Murray, B. J.: The role of phase separation and
related topography in the exceptional ice-nucleating ability of alkali
feldspars, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 19, 31186–31193,
https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cp04898j, 2017.
Whale, T. F., Holden, M. A., Wilson, T. W., O'Sullivan, D., and Murray, B.
J.: The enhancement and suppression of immersion mode heterogeneous
ice-nucleation by solutes, Chem. Sci., 9, 4142–4151,
https://doi.org/10.1039/c7sc05421a, 2018.
Wheeler, M. J., Mason, R. H., Steunenberg, K., Wagstaff, M., Chou, C., and
Bertram, A. K.: Immersion freezing of supermicron mineral dust particles:
Freezing results, testing different schemes for describing ice nucleation,
and ice nucleation active site densities, J. Phys. Chem. A, 119, 4358–4372,
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp507875q, 2015.
White, R. E.: Principles and practice of soil science: the soil as a natural
resource, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 386 pp., 2009.
Wilson, T. W., Ladino, L. A., Alpert, P. A., Breckels, M. N., Brooks, I. M.,
Browse, J., Burrows, S. M., Carslaw, K. S., Huffman, J. A., Judd, C.,
Kilthau, W. P., Mason, R. H., McFiggans, G., Miller, L. A., Nájera, J.
J., Polishchuk, E., Rae, S., Schiller, C. L., Si, M., Temprado, J. V.,
Whale, T. F., Wong, J. P. S., Wurl, O., Yakobi-Hancock, J. D., Abbatt, J. P.
D., Aller, J. Y., Bertram, A. K., Knopf, D. A., and Murray, B. J.: A marine
biogenic source of atmospheric ice-nucleating particles, Nature, 525,
234–238, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14986, 2015.
Wolber, P. and Warren, G.: Bacterial ice-nucleation proteins, Trends
Biochem. Sci., 14, 179–182, https://doi.org/10.1016/0968-0004(89)90270-3,
1989.
Wolf, M. J., Goodell, M., Dong, E., Dove, L. A., Zhang, C., Franco, L. J., Shen, C., Rutkowski, E. G., Narducci, D. N., Mullen, S., Babbin, A. R., and Cziczo, D. J.: A link between the ice nucleation activity and the biogeochemistry of seawater, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15341–15356, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15341-2020, 2020.
Xi, Y., Mercier, A., Kuang, C., Yun, J., Christy, A., Melo, L., Maldonado,
M. T., Raymond, J. A., and Bertram, A. K.: Concentrations and properties of
ice nucleating substances in exudates from Antarctic sea-ice diatoms, [data set],
Environ. Sci.-Proc. Imp., 23, 323–334, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0EM00398K, 2021.
Yli-Mattila, T., Hussien, T., Gavrilova, O., and Gagkaeva, T.: Morphological
and molecular variation between Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium
arthrosporioides and Fusarium anguioides strains, Pathogens, 7, 94,
https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens7040094, 2018.
Yun, J., Link, N., Kumar, A., Shchukarev, A., Davidson, J., Lam, A.,
Walters, C., Xi, Y., Boily, J. F., and Bertram, A. K.: Surface composition
dependence on the ice nucleating ability of potassium-rich feldspar, ACS
Earth Sp. Chem., 4, 873–881,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00077, 2020.
Zhao, J. and Orser, C. S.: Conserved repetition in the ice nucleation gene
inaX from Xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens, Mol. Genet. Genomics, 223,
163–166, 1990.
Zobrist, B., Marcolli, C., Peter, T., and Koop, T.: Heterogeneous ice
nucleation in aqueous solutions: The role of water activity, J. Phys. Chem.
A, 112, 3965–3975, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp7112208, 2008.
Zolles, T., Burkart, J., Häusler, T., Pummer, B., Hitzenberger, R., and
Grothe, H.: Identification of ice nucleation active sites on feldspar dust
particles, J. Phys. Chem. A, 119, 2692–2700,
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp509839x, 2015.
Short summary
We studied the effect of (NH4)2SO4 on the immersion freezing of non-mineral dust ice-nucleating substances (INSs) and mineral dusts. (NH4)2SO4 had no effect on the median freezing temperature of 9 of the 10 tested non-mineral dust INSs, slightly decreased that of the other, and increased that of all the mineral dusts. The difference in the response of mineral dust and non-mineral dust INSs to (NH4)2SO4 suggests that they nucleate ice and/or interact with (NH4)2SO4 via different mechanisms.
We studied the effect of (NH4)2SO4 on the immersion freezing of non-mineral dust ice-nucleating...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint