Articles | Volume 21, issue 18
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13747-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13747-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
16 Sep 2021
Research article |
| 16 Sep 2021
| 16 Sep 2021
A new inverse modeling approach for emission sources based on the DDM-3D and 3DVAR techniques: an application to air quality forecasts in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region
Xinghong Cheng
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Lab of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Zilong Hao
Institute of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing 211101, China
Zengliang Zang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing 211101, China
Zhiquan Liu
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
Xiangde Xu
State Key Lab of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Shuisheng Wang
GZ Source Clear Tech. Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510630, China
Yuelin Liu
College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Yiwen Hu
Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Xiaodan Ma
Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Related authors
Siyang Cheng, Xinghong Cheng, Jianzhong Ma, Xiangde Xu, Wenqian Zhang, Jinguang Lv, Gang Bai, Bing Chen, Siying Ma, Steffen Ziegler, Sebastian Donner, and Thomas Wagner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3655–3677, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3655-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3655-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We made mobile MAX-DOAS measurements in the background atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau in summer 2021. We retrieved the tropospheric NO2 and HCHO vertical column densities (VCDs) along extended driving routes and found a decreasing trend of the VCDs with altitude. Elevated NO2 VCDs along the driving routes could be attributed to enhanced traffic emissions from the towns crossed. The spatio-temporal distribution of the HCHO VCDs correlated strongly with the surface temperature.
Xinghong Cheng, Jianzhong Ma, Junli Jin, Junrang Guo, Yuelin Liu, Jida Peng, Xiaodan Ma, Minglong Qian, Qiang Xia, and Peng Yan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10757–10774, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10757-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10757-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We carried out 19 city-circle-around Car MAX-DOAS experiments on the 6th Ring Road of Beijing in Jan, Sep, and Oct 2014. The tropospheric VCDs of NO2 are retrieved and their temporal and spatial distributions are investigated. Then the NOx emission rates in urban Beijing are estimated using the measured NO2 VCDs together with the refined wind fields, NO2-to-NOx ratios, and NO2 lifetimes simulated by the LAPS-WRF-CMAQ model system, and results are compared with the MEIC inventory in 2012.
Xiangde Xu, Xueliang Guo, Tianliang Zhao, Xingqin An, Yang Zhao, Jiannong Quan, Fei Mao, Yang Gao, Xinghong Cheng, Wenhui Zhu, and Yinjun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8011–8019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8011-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8011-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols have complicated effects on clouds and precipitation, depending on many factors such as aerosol properties, topography and meteorological conditions. Most previous investigations of aerosol impacts on clouds and precipitation are primarily based on limited cases on relatively small spatial and temporal scales. The climate forcing of aerosols on precipitation in large-scale continental regions and their physical causes remain uncertain.
Y. C. Jiang, T. L. Zhao, J. Liu, X. D. Xu, C. H. Tan, X. H. Cheng, X. Y. Bi, J. B. Gan, J. F. You, and S. Z. Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 13331–13338, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13331-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13331-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
An O3 episode with high night-time O3 was observed before typhoon landing over southeastern China. Variations in the observed O3, NO2, CO and meteorology during Typhoon Hagibis event clearly suggest a substantial impact of the peripheral downdrafts in the tropical cyclone on the high O3 episode. This study provides observational evidence of typhoon-driven intrusion of O3 from the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere to surface air threatening to ambient air quality.
Tao Sun, Jonathan J. Guerrette, Zhiquan Liu, Junmei Ban, Byoung-Joo Jung, Ivette Hernández Baños, and Chris Snyder
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2079, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2079, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated a new ensemble data assimilation system that uses satellite observations in all weather conditions for global weather forecasts. The results show that including cloud- and precipitation-affected satellite data improves forecasts of moisture, wind, and clouds, especially in the tropics. This work highlights the potential of this new ensemble data assimilation system to enhance global weather forecasts.
Lang Liu, Xin Long, Yi Li, Zengliang Zang, Fengwen Wang, Yan Han, Zhier Bao, Yang Chen, Tian Feng, and Jinxin Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1569–1585, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1569-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1569-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses WRF-Chem to assess how meteorological conditions and emission reductions affected fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the North China Plain (NCP). It highlights regional disparities: in the northern NCP, adverse weather negated emission reduction effects. In contrast, the southern NCP featured a PM2.5 decrease due to favorable weather and emission reductions. The research highlighted the interaction between emissions, meteorology, and PM2.5.
Qing Zheng, Wei Sun, Zhiquan Liu, Jiajia Mao, Jieying He, Jian Li, and Xingwen Jiang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-12, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-12, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Ground-based microwave radiometers (MWRs) offer high temporal resolution observations with strong sensitivity to the lower atmosphere, making them valuable for data assimilation. However, their assimilation has traditionally focused on retrieved profiles. This study implemented the direct assimilation of brightness temperatures from MWRs with a machine learning-based bias correction scheme. The results show improvements in the low-level atmospheric structure and precipitation predictions.
Byoung-Joo Jung, Benjamin Ménétrier, Chris Snyder, Zhiquan Liu, Jonathan J. Guerrette, Junmei Ban, Ivette Hernández Baños, Yonggang G. Yu, and William C. Skamarock
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3879–3895, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3879-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3879-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We describe the multivariate static background error covariance (B) for the JEDI-MPAS 3D-Var data assimilation system. With tuned B parameters, the multivariate B gives physically balanced analysis increment fields in the single-observation test framework. In the month-long cycling experiment with a global 60 km mesh, 3D-Var with static B performs stably. Due to its simple workflow and minimal computational requirements, JEDI-MPAS 3D-Var can be useful for the research community.
Jing Wang, Yanju Liu, Fei Cheng, Chengyu Song, Qiaoping Li, Yihui Ding, and Xiangde Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5099–5115, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5099-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5099-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Based on long-term observational, reanalysis, and numerical model simulation datasets from 1901 through 2014, this study shows that precipitation over the East Asian monsoon boundary zone featured prominent interdecadal changes, with dry summers during the periods preceding 1927, 1939–1945, 1968–1982, and 1998–2010 and wet summers during 1928–1938, 1946–1967, and 2011 onwards. The Indian Ocean basin mode is an important oceanic modulator responsible for its interdecadal variations.
Jonathan J. Guerrette, Zhiquan Liu, Chris Snyder, Byoung-Joo Jung, Craig S. Schwartz, Junmei Ban, Steven Vahl, Yali Wu, Ivette Hernández Baños, Yonggang G. Yu, Soyoung Ha, Yannick Trémolet, Thomas Auligné, Clementine Gas, Benjamin Ménétrier, Anna Shlyaeva, Mark Miesch, Stephen Herbener, Emily Liu, Daniel Holdaway, and Benjamin T. Johnson
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 7123–7142, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7123-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7123-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We demonstrate an ensemble of variational data assimilations (EDA) with the Model for Prediction Across Scales and the Joint Effort for Data assimilation Integration (JEDI) software framework. When compared to 20-member ensemble forecasts from operational initial conditions, those from 80-member EDA-generated initial conditions improve flow-dependent error covariances and subsequent 10 d forecasts. These experiments are repeatable for any atmospheric model with a JEDI interface.
Siyang Cheng, Xinghong Cheng, Jianzhong Ma, Xiangde Xu, Wenqian Zhang, Jinguang Lv, Gang Bai, Bing Chen, Siying Ma, Steffen Ziegler, Sebastian Donner, and Thomas Wagner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3655–3677, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3655-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3655-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We made mobile MAX-DOAS measurements in the background atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau in summer 2021. We retrieved the tropospheric NO2 and HCHO vertical column densities (VCDs) along extended driving routes and found a decreasing trend of the VCDs with altitude. Elevated NO2 VCDs along the driving routes could be attributed to enhanced traffic emissions from the towns crossed. The spatio-temporal distribution of the HCHO VCDs correlated strongly with the surface temperature.
Xiangde Xu, Yi Tang, Yinjun Wang, Hongshen Zhang, Ruixia Liu, and Mingyu Zhou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3299–3309, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3299-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3299-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The vertical motion over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is associated with the anomalous convective activities. The diurnal variations and formation mechanisms of low clouds over the TP, Rocky Mountains and low-elevation regions are analyzed. We further discuss whether there exists a
high-efficiencytriggering mechanism for convection over the TP and whether there is an association among low air density and strong turbulence and ubiquitous popcorn-like cumulus clouds.
Zhiquan Liu, Chris Snyder, Jonathan J. Guerrette, Byoung-Joo Jung, Junmei Ban, Steven Vahl, Yali Wu, Yannick Trémolet, Thomas Auligné, Benjamin Ménétrier, Anna Shlyaeva, Stephen Herbener, Emily Liu, Daniel Holdaway, and Benjamin T. Johnson
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 7859–7878, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7859-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7859-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
JEDI-MPAS 1.0.0, a new data assimilation (DA) system for the MPAS model, was publicly released for community use. This article describes JEDI-MPAS's implementation of the ensemble–variational DA technique and demonstrates its robustness and credible performance by incrementally adding three types of microwave radiances (clear-sky AMSU-A, all-sky AMSU-A, clear-sky MHS) to a non-radiance DA experiment. We intend to periodically release new and improved versions of JEDI-MPAS in upcoming years.
Yiwen Hu, Zengliang Zang, Xiaoyan Ma, Yi Li, Yanfei Liang, Wei You, Xiaobin Pan, and Zhijin Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13183–13200, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13183-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13183-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study developed a four-dimensional variational assimilation (4DVAR) system based on WRF–Chem to optimise SO2 emissions. The 4DVAR system was applied to obtain the SO2 emissions during the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic over China. The results showed that the 4DVAR system effectively optimised emissions to describe the actual changes in SO2 emissions related to the COVID lockdown, and it can thus be used to improve the accuracy of forecasts.
Daichun Wang, Wei You, Zengliang Zang, Xiaobin Pan, Yiwen Hu, and Yanfei Liang
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 1821–1840, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-1821-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-1821-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a 3D variational data assimilation system for aerosol optical properties, including aerosol optical thickness (AOT) retrievals and lidar-based aerosol profiles, which was developed for a size-resolved sectional model in WRF-Chem. To directly assimilate aerosol optical properties, an observation operator based on the Mie scattering theory was designed. The results show that Himawari-8 AOT assimilation can significantly improve model aerosol analyses and forecasts.
Xiangde Xu, Chan Sun, Deliang Chen, Tianliang Zhao, Jianjun Xu, Shengjun Zhang, Juan Li, Bin Chen, Yang Zhao, Hongxiong Xu, Lili Dong, Xiaoyun Sun, and Yan Zhu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1149–1157, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1149-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1149-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A vertical transport window of tropospheric vapor exists on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The TP's thermal forcing drives the vertical transport
windowof vapor in the troposphere. The effects of the TP's vertical transport window of vapor are of importance in global climate change.
Xiangde Xu, Wenyue Cai, Tianliang Zhao, Xinfa Qiu, Wenhui Zhu, Chan Sun, Peng Yan, Chunzhu Wang, and Fei Ge
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14131–14139, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14131-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14131-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We found that the structure of atmospheric thermodynamics in the troposphere can be regarded as a strong forewarning signal for variations of surface PM2.5 concentration in heavy air pollution.
Xiaodan Ma, Jianping Huang, Tianliang Zhao, Cheng Liu, Kaihui Zhao, Jia Xing, and Wei Xiao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The present work aims at identifying and quantifying the relative contributions of the key factors in driving a rapid increase in summertime surface O3 over the North China Plain during 2013–2019. In addition to anthropogenic emission reduction and meteorological variabilities, our study highlights the importance of inclusion of aerosol absorption and scattering properties rather than aerosol abundance only in accurate assessment of aerosol radiative effect on surface O3 formation and change.
Yanfei Liang, Zengliang Zang, Dong Liu, Peng Yan, Yiwen Hu, Yan Zhou, and Wei You
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 6285–6301, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6285-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6285-2020, 2020
Xinghong Cheng, Jianzhong Ma, Junli Jin, Junrang Guo, Yuelin Liu, Jida Peng, Xiaodan Ma, Minglong Qian, Qiang Xia, and Peng Yan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10757–10774, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10757-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10757-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We carried out 19 city-circle-around Car MAX-DOAS experiments on the 6th Ring Road of Beijing in Jan, Sep, and Oct 2014. The tropospheric VCDs of NO2 are retrieved and their temporal and spatial distributions are investigated. Then the NOx emission rates in urban Beijing are estimated using the measured NO2 VCDs together with the refined wind fields, NO2-to-NOx ratios, and NO2 lifetimes simulated by the LAPS-WRF-CMAQ model system, and results are compared with the MEIC inventory in 2012.
Wei Sun, Zhiquan Liu, Dan Chen, Pusheng Zhao, and Min Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 9311–9329, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9311-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9311-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A new aerosol and gas pollutant assimilation capability is developed within the WRFDA system with the 3D variational algorithm and MOSAIC (Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry) aerosol scheme. By assimilating surface PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO, it improves 24 h air quality forecasting. Based on this system, model deficiencies are explored. Parameterization in the newly added inorganic aerosol heterogeneous reactions should be adjusted and verified by data assimilation.
Soyoung Ha, Zhiquan Liu, Wei Sun, Yonghee Lee, and Limseok Chang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6015–6036, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6015-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6015-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines the effect of aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieved from the Korean Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) sensors on surface PM2.5 forecasts using the online coupled WRF-Chem forecasting model and the GSI 3D-Var analysis system. During the KORUS-AQ campaign period, the assimilation of GOCI AOD retrieved at the 550 nm wavelength greatly improved air quality forecasting up to 24 h when assimilated with surface PM2.5 observations, particularly for heavy pollution events.
Bin Yao, Chao Liu, Yan Yin, Zhiquan Liu, Chunxiang Shi, Hironobu Iwabuchi, and Fuzhong Weng
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1033–1049, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1033-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1033-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Due to the complex spatiotemporal and physical properties of clouds, their quantitative depictions in different atmospheric reanalysis datasets are still highly uncertain. A radiance-based evaluation approach is developed to evaluate the quality of cloud properties by directly comparing them with satellite radiance observations. ERA5 and CRA are found to have great capability in representing the cloudy atmosphere over East Asia, and MERRA-2 tends to slightly overestimate clouds over the region.
Shizhang Wang and Zhiquan Liu
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 4031–4051, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4031-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4031-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A reflectivity operator was developed for directly assimilating radar reflectivity involving contributions from ice species with the variational data assimilation method. Its current version was implemented in WRFDA 3.9.1. This operator allows for not only the dry snow/graupel but also the wet species so that it can effectively obtain the rainwater, snow, and graupel analysis which improved the short-term precipitation forecasts compared to those of the experiment without DA.
Jianzhong Ma, Christoph Brühl, Qianshan He, Benedikt Steil, Vlassis A. Karydis, Klaus Klingmüller, Holger Tost, Bin Chen, Yufang Jin, Ningwei Liu, Xiangde Xu, Peng Yan, Xiuji Zhou, Kamal Abdelrahman, Andrea Pozzer, and Jos Lelieveld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11587–11612, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11587-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11587-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We find a pronounced maximum in aerosol extinction in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over the Tibetan Plateau during the Asian summer monsoon, caused mainly by mineral dust emitted from the northern Tibetan Plateau and slope area, lofted to and accumulating within the anticyclonic circulation. Mineral dust, water-soluble compounds, such as nitrate and sulfate, and associated liquid water dominate aerosol extinction around the tropopause within the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone.
Dan Chen, Zhiquan Liu, Junmei Ban, and Min Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8619–8650, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8619-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8619-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We updated the WRF/Chem-EnKF DA system to quantitatively estimate SO2 emissions using hourly surface observations as constraints. The 2010 MEIC prior emissions were used to generate January 2015 and 2016 analyzed emissions, which revealed inhomogeneous SO2 emission changes for northern, western, and southern China. These changes were related to facts in reality, indicating that the updated DA system was capable of detecting emission deficiencies and optimizing emissions.
Yinjun Wang, Xiangde Xu, Mingyu Zhou, Donald H. Lenschow, Xueliang Guo, Yang Zhao, and Bin Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-273, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-273, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We study the relationships between convective characteristics and air density over the Tibetan Plateau from the perspective of both climate statistics and large eddy simulation. We find that smaller air density lead to stronger thermal turbulence which favors the formation and development of convective cloud. The original fixed parameter values in subcloud convective velocity scaling scheme may not adequate in case of lower relative humidity and weaker thermal turbulence in the subcloud layer.
Dan Chen, Zhiquan Liu, Junmei Ban, Pusheng Zhao, and Min Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 7409–7427, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7409-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7409-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To better characterize the anthropogenic emission-relevant aerosol species, the GSI-WRF/Chem data assimilation system was updated from GOCART to MOSAIC-4BIN scheme. Wintertime 2015–2017 (January) surface PM2.5 observations from more than 1600 sites were assimilated hourly. The observations and reanalysis data from the assimilation experiment were used to investigate year-to-year changes. Roles of emission and meteorology in driving the changes were also distinguished and quantitatively assessed.
Mei Liang, Jianjun Xu, Liguang Wu, and Xiangde Xu
Earth Syst. Dynam. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-2019-19, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-2019-19, 2019
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
We found that Tibetan Plateau (TP) warming is consistently the important contributor to the variation of East Asian precipitation in summer from 1979 to 2016, but the relationship between them weakens after the amplification of TP warming. The southern flood–northern drought pattern is weak compared with when the TP warming trend has been removed.
Zhen Peng, Lili Lei, Zhiquan Liu, Jianning Sun, Aijun Ding, Junmei Ban, Dan Chen, Xingxia Kou, and Kekuan Chu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 17387–17404, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17387-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17387-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
An EnKF system was developed to simultaneously assimilate multiple surface measurements, including PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO, via the joint adjustment of ICs and source emissions. Large improvements were achieved in the first 24 h forecast for PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and CO during an extreme haze episode that occurred in early October 2014 over the North China Plain, but no improvements were achieved for NO2 and O3.
Y. Liang, Z. Zang, and W. You
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLII-3, 999–1002, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-999-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-999-2018, 2018
Z. Zang, X. Pan, W. You, and Y. Liang
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLII-3, 2215–2218, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-2215-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-2215-2018, 2018
Dan Chen, Zhiquan Liu, Chris Davis, and Yu Gu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 7917–7939, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7917-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7917-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Saharan dust influences Atlantic TC genesis, but the relationship and mechanisms are not fully understood. This study investigated the dust radiative effects on atmospheric thermodynamics and tropical cyclogenesis over the Atlantic Ocean using WRF-Chem coupled with an aerosol data assimilation system. Both statistics and a case study revealed that low-altitude (high-altitude) dust inhibits (favors) convection owing to changes in convective inhibition. Semi-direct effects were also noted.
Xiangde Xu, Xueliang Guo, Tianliang Zhao, Xingqin An, Yang Zhao, Jiannong Quan, Fei Mao, Yang Gao, Xinghong Cheng, Wenhui Zhu, and Yinjun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8011–8019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8011-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8011-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols have complicated effects on clouds and precipitation, depending on many factors such as aerosol properties, topography and meteorological conditions. Most previous investigations of aerosol impacts on clouds and precipitation are primarily based on limited cases on relatively small spatial and temporal scales. The climate forcing of aerosols on precipitation in large-scale continental regions and their physical causes remain uncertain.
Zhen Peng, Zhiquan Liu, Dan Chen, and Junmei Ban
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 4837–4855, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4837-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4837-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In order to improve the forecasting of atmospheric aerosols over China, the ensemble square root filter algorithm was extended to simultaneously optimize the chemical initial conditions and primary and precursor emissions. This system was applied to assimilate hourly surface PM2.5 measurements. The forecasts with the optimized initial conditions and emissions typically outperformed those from the control experiment without data assimilation.
Dan Chen, Zhiquan Liu, Jerome Fast, and Junmei Ban
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10707–10724, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10707-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10707-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Extreme haze events occurred frequently over China recently, and adequately predicting peak PM2.5 concentrations is still challenging. In this study, the sulfate–nitrate–ammonium relevant heterogeneous reactions were parameterized for the first time in the WRF-Chem model. We evaluated the performance of WRF-Chem and used the model to investigate the sensitivity of heterogeneous reactions on simulated peak sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium concentrations in the vicinity of Beijing during October 2014.
Zengliang Zang, Zilong Hao, Yi Li, Xiaobin Pan, Wei You, Zhijin Li, and Dan Chen
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 2623–2638, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2623-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2623-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The aerosol data assimilation and forecasts can be improved by adopting balance constraints that spread observation information across variables, thus producing balanced initial distributions. Surface and aircraft aerosol observations were assimilated to demonstrate the impact of the balance constraints. The results showed that the forecasting experiment with balance constraints is more skillful and durable than the experiment without balance constraints.
Y. C. Jiang, T. L. Zhao, J. Liu, X. D. Xu, C. H. Tan, X. H. Cheng, X. Y. Bi, J. B. Gan, J. F. You, and S. Z. Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 13331–13338, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13331-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13331-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
An O3 episode with high night-time O3 was observed before typhoon landing over southeastern China. Variations in the observed O3, NO2, CO and meteorology during Typhoon Hagibis event clearly suggest a substantial impact of the peripheral downdrafts in the tropical cyclone on the high O3 episode. This study provides observational evidence of typhoon-driven intrusion of O3 from the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere to surface air threatening to ambient air quality.
D. Chen, Z. Liu, C. S. Schwartz, H.-C. Lin, J. D. Cetola, Y. Gu, and L. Xue
Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 2709–2715, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2709-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2709-2014, 2014
M. Pagowski, Z. Liu, G. A. Grell, M. Hu, H.-C. Lin, and C. S. Schwartz
Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 1621–1627, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1621-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1621-2014, 2014
P. E. Saide, G. R. Carmichael, Z. Liu, C. S. Schwartz, H. C. Lin, A. M. da Silva, and E. Hyer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10425–10444, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10425-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10425-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Gases | Research Activity: Atmospheric Modelling and Data Analysis | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Distinct structures of interannual variations in stratosphere-to-troposphere ozone transport induced by the Tibetan Plateau thermal forcing
Global CH4 fluxes derived from JAXA/GOSAT lower-tropospheric partial column data and the CarbonTracker Europe-CH4 atmospheric inverse model
Improved understanding of anthropogenic and biogenic carbonyl sulfide (COS) fluxes in western Europe from long-term continuous mixing ratio measurements
The skill at modeling an extremely high ozone episode varies substantially amongst ensemble simulation
Quantifying transboundary transport flux of CO over the Tibetan Plateau: variabilities and drivers
Inverse modelling of New Zealand's carbon dioxide balance estimates a larger than expected carbon sink
Combined CO2 measurement record indicates Amazon forest carbon uptake is offset by savanna carbon release
Banked CFC-11 contributes to an unforeseen emission rise and sets back progress towards carbon neutrality
Operational and Probabilistic Evaluation of AQMEII-4 Regional Scale Ozone Dry Deposition. Time to Harmonise Our LULC Masks
The importance of moist thermodynamics on neutral buoyancy height for plumes from anthropogenic sources
How reliable are process-based 222radon emission maps? Results from an atmospheric 222radon inversion in Europe
Partitioning anthropogenic and natural methane emissions in Finland during 2000–2021 by combining bottom-up and top-down estimates
A Diagnostic Intercomparison of Modeled Ozone Dry Deposition Over North America and Europe Using AQMEII4 Regional-Scale Simulations
The role of OCO-3 XCO2 retrievals in estimating global terrestrial net ecosystem exchanges
Surface and tropospheric ozone over East Asia and Southeast Asia from observations: distributions, trends, and variability
The improved Trajectory-mapped Ozonesonde dataset for the Stratosphere and Troposphere (TOST): update, validation and applications
Constraining elemental mercury air–sea exchange using long-term ground-based observations
Climate Forcing due to Future Ozone Changes: An intercomparison of metrics and methods
Variation in shortwave water vapour continuum and impact on clear-sky shortwave radiative feedback
Tracing the origins of stratospheric ozone intrusions: direct vs. indirect pathways and their impacts on Central and Eastern China in spring–summer 2019
Impact of atmospheric turbulence on the accuracy of point source emission estimates using satellite imagery
Flow-dependent observation errors for greenhouse gas inversions in an ensemble Kalman smoother
A WRF-Chem study of the greenhouse gas column and in situ surface concentrations observed at Xianghe, China. Part 1: Methane (CH4)
Evaluation and updates to the oxidized reactive nitrogen trace gas dry deposition parameterization from the GEOS-Chem CTM, including a pathway for ground surface NO2 hydrolysis
Observational and model evidence for a prominent stratospheric influence on variability in tropospheric nitrous oxide
Estimation of Canada's methane emissions: inverse modelling analysis using the Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) measurement network
Spatiotemporal source apportionment of ozone pollution over the Greater Bay Area
Potential of 14C-based vs. ΔCO-based ΔffCO2 observations to estimate urban fossil fuel CO2 (ffCO2) emissions
On the uncertainty of anthropogenic aromatic volatile organic compound emissions: model evaluation and sensitivity analysis
A mechanism of stratospheric O3 intrusion into the atmospheric environment: a case study of the North China Plain
Influence of atmospheric circulation on the interannual variability of transport from global and regional emissions into the Arctic
Surface networks in the Arctic may miss a future methane bomb
Potential of using CO2 observations over India in a regional carbon budget estimation by improving the modelling system
A bottom-up emission estimate for the 2022 Nord Stream gas leak: derivation, simulations, and evaluation
European CH4 inversions with ICON-ART coupled to the CarbonTracker Data Assimilation Shell
Extreme weather exacerbates ozone pollution in the Pearl River Delta, China: role of natural processes
Multidecadal ozone trends in China and implications for human health and crop yields: a hybrid approach combining a chemical transport model and machine learning
On the influence of vertical mixing, boundary layer schemes, and temporal emission profiles on tropospheric NO2 in WRF-Chem – comparisons to in situ, satellite, and MAX-DOAS observations
Decreasing trends of ammonia emissions over Europe seen from remote sensing and inverse modelling
The sensitivity of Southern Ocean atmospheric dimethyl sulfide (DMS) to modeled oceanic DMS concentrations and emissions
Impacts of maritime shipping on air pollution along the US East Coast
Understanding greenhouse gas (GHG) column concentrations in Munich using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model
Impact of transport model resolution and a priori assumptions on inverse modeling of Swiss F-gas emissions
Estimation of power plant SO2 emissions using the HYSPLIT dispersion model and airborne observations with plume rise ensemble runs
Can we use atmospheric CO2 measurements to verify emission trends reported by cities? Lessons from a 6-year atmospheric inversion over Paris
A new steady-state gas–particle partitioning model of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: implication for the influence of the particulate proportion in emissions
An analysis of CMAQ gas-phase dry deposition over North America through grid-scale and land-use-specific diagnostics in the context of AQMEII4
Rethinking the role of transport and photochemistry in regional ozone pollution: insights from ozone concentration and mass budgets
Decreasing seasonal cycle amplitude of methane in the northern high latitudes being driven by lower-latitude changes in emissions and transport
The effect of anthropogenic emission, meteorological factors, and carbon dioxide on the surface ozone increase in China from 2008 to 2018 during the East Asia summer monsoon season
Qingjian Yang, Tianliang Zhao, Yongqing Bai, Kai Meng, Yuehan Luo, Zhijie Tian, Xiaoyun Sun, Weikang Fu, Kai Yang, and Jun Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8029–8042, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8029-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8029-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study reveals a unique driver of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) thermal forcing of the interannual variations in stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT) of ozone with diverse structures. Anomalous strong TP thermal forcing induces anticyclonic anomalies in the upper troposphere over the TP, which strengthens and attenuates the northern and southern branches of the westerly jet, intensifying (weakening) the westerly trough for more (fewer) tropopause folds of ozone STT over the East Asian region.
Aki Tsuruta, Akihiko Kuze, Kei Shiomi, Fumie Kataoka, Nobuhiro Kikuchi, Tuula Aalto, Leif Backman, Ella Kivimäki, Maria K. Tenkanen, Kathryn McKain, Omaira E. García, Frank Hase, Rigel Kivi, Isamu Morino, Hirofumi Ohyama, David F. Pollard, Mahesh K. Sha, Kimberly Strong, Ralf Sussmann, Yao Te, Voltaire A. Velazco, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Thorsten Warneke, Minqiang Zhou, and Hiroshi Suto
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 7829–7862, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7829-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7829-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite data bring invaluable information about greenhouse gas emissions globally. We found that a new type of data from the Greenhouse Gas Observing Satellite (GOSAT), which contains information about methane in the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, could provide reliable estimates of recent methane emissions when combined with atmospheric modelling. Therefore, the use of such data is encouraged to improve emission quantification methods and advance our understanding of methane cycles.
Antoine Berchet, Isabelle Pison, Camille Huselstein, Clément Narbaud, Marine Remaud, Sauveur Belviso, Camille Abadie, and Fabienne Maignan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 7499–7525, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7499-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7499-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We use the measurements of atmospheric carbonyl sulfide (COS) concentrations at the monitoring site of Gif-sur-Yvette (in the Paris region) from August 2014 to December 2019, combined with existing knowledge on COS fluxes in the atmosphere and a transport model, to gain insight into COS fluxes, either natural, such as oceanic emissions or vegetation and soil fluxes, or anthropogenic, from industrial activities and power generation.
Jinhui Gao and Hui Xiao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 7387–7401, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7387-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7387-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The ensemble simulation provides a solution to better reproduce and understand the extremely high ozone episode that occurred in the Great Bay Area when Typhoon Nida approached South China in summer 2016. Elevated temperatures and weak winds contributed to the increase in ozone precursors, resulting in enhanced ozone production. Large amounts of ozone aloft also contributed to the increase in surface ozone via vertical transport. Notably, ozone from Southeast Asia contributed through this mechanism.
Zhenda Sun, Hao Yin, Zhongfeng Pan, Chongyang Li, Xiao Lu, Ke Liu, Youwen Sun, and Cheng Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 6823–6842, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6823-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6823-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the variability and driving forces of transboundary CO transport flux over the Tibetan Plateau from May 2018 to April 2024. During this period, external CO influx increased by 2.86 Tg yr-1, while internal efflux slightly declined by 1.70 Tg yr-1. The rising influx in recent years is likely linked to the rapid increase in CO concentrations from South Asia.
Beata Bukosa, Sara Mikaloff-Fletcher, Gordon Brailsford, Dan Smale, Elizabeth D. Keller, W. Troy Baisden, Miko U. F. Kirschbaum, Donna L. Giltrap, Lìyǐn Liáng, Stuart Moore, Rowena Moss, Sylvia Nichol, Jocelyn Turnbull, Alex Geddes, Daemon Kennett, Dóra Hidy, Zoltán Barcza, Louis A. Schipper, Aaron M. Wall, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Hitoshi Mukai, and Andrea Brandon
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 6445–6473, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6445-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6445-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We used atmospheric measurements and inverse modelling to estimate New Zealand's carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and removals from 2011 to 2020. Our study reveals that New Zealand's land absorbs more CO2 than previously estimated, particularly in areas dominated by indigenous forests. Our results highlight gaps in current national CO2 estimates and methods, suggesting a need for further research to improve emissions reports and refine approaches to track progress toward climate mitigation goals.
Santiago Botía, Saqr Munassar, Thomas Koch, Danilo Custodio, Luana S. Basso, Shujiro Komiya, Jost V. Lavric, David Walter, Manuel Gloor, Giordane Martins, Stijn Naus, Gerbrand Koren, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Stijn Hantson, John B. Miller, Wouter Peters, Christian Rödenbeck, and Christoph Gerbig
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 6219–6255, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6219-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6219-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses dry CO2 mole fractions from the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory together with airborne profiles to estimate net carbon exchange in tropical South America. We found that the biogeographic Amazon is a net carbon sink, while the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes are net carbon sources, resulting in an overall neutral balance. Finally, to further reduce the uncertainty in our estimates we call for an expansion of the monitoring capacity, especially in the Amazon–Andes foothills.
Heping Liu, Huabo Duan, Ning Zhang, Ruichang Mao, Travis Reed Miller, Ming Xu, Jiakuan Yang, and Yin Ma
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2277, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2277, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study re-evaluates emissions of trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) by employing a bottom-up dynamic material flow analysis model spanning from 1950 to 2100, at both global and regional scales. By investigating variations in the lifespan of end-use products, end-of-life handling practices, and emission factors, we partially reconcile the discrepancies between bottom-up inventories and top-down observational data.
Ioannis Kioutsioukis, Christian Hogrefe, Paul A. Makar, Ummugulsun Alyuz, Jessy O. Bash, Roberto Bellasio, Roberto Bianconi, Tim Buttler, Olivia E. Clifton, Philippe Cheung, Alma Hodzic, Richard Kranenburg, Aurelia Lupascu, Kester Momoh, Juan Luis Perez-Camaño, John Pleim, Young-Hee Ryu, Robero San Jose, Donna Schwede, Ranjeet Sokhi, and Stefano Galmarini
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1091, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1091, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Deposition is a key in air quality modelling. An evaluation of the AQMEII4 models is performed prior to analysing the different deposition schemes in relation to the LULC used. Such analysis is unprecedented. Among the results, LULC masks have to be harmonised and up-to-date information used in place of outdated and too course masks. Alternatively LULC masks should be evaluated and intercom pared when multiple model results are analysed.
Sepehr Fathi, Paul Makar, Wanmin Gong, Junhua Zhang, Katherine Hayden, and Mark Gordon
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2385–2405, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2385-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2385-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our study explores the influence of water phase changes in plumes from industrial sources on atmospheric dispersion of emitted pollutants and air quality. Employing PRISM (Plume-Rise-Iterative-Stratified-Moist), a new method, we found that considering these effects significantly improves predictions of pollutant dispersion. This insight enhances our understanding of environmental impacts, enabling more accurate air quality modelling and fostering more effective pollution management strategies.
Fabian Maier, Eva Falge, Maksym Gachkivskyi, Stephan Henne, Ute Karstens, Dafina Kikaj, Ingeborg Levin, Alistair Manning, Christian Rödenbeck, and Christoph Gerbig
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-477, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-477, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The radioactive noble gas radon (222Rn) is a suitable natural tracer for atmospheric transport and mixing processes that can be used to validate and calibrate atmospheric transport models. However, this requires accurate estimates of the 222Rn flux from the soil into the atmosphere. In our study, we evaluate the reliability of process-based 222Rn flux maps for Europe using a 222Rn inversion. Our inversion results can give some indications on how to improve the process-based 222Rn flux maps.
Maria K. Tenkanen, Aki Tsuruta, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Lena Höglund-Isaksson, Antti Leppänen, Tiina Markkanen, Ana Maria Roxana Petrescu, Maarit Raivonen, Hermanni Aaltonen, and Tuula Aalto
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2181–2206, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2181-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2181-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate national methane (CH4) emission estimates are essential for tracking progress towards climate goals. This study compares estimates from Finland, which use different methods and scales, and shows how well a global model estimates emissions within a country. The bottom-up estimates vary a lot, but constraining them with atmospheric CH4 measurements brought the estimates closer together. We also highlight the importance of quantifying natural emissions alongside anthropogenic emissions.
Christian Hogrefe, Stefano Galmarini, Paul A. Makar, Ioannis Kioutsioukis, Olivia E. Clifton, Ummugulsum Alyuz, Jesse O. Bash, Roberto Bellasio, Roberto Bianconi, Tim Butler, Philip Cheung, Alma Hodzic, Richard Kranenburg, Aurelia Lupascu, Kester Momoh, Juan Luis Perez-Camanyo, Jonathan E. Pleim, Young-Hee Ryu, Roberto San Jose, Martijn Schaap, Donna B. Schwede, and Ranjeet Sokhi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-225, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-225, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Performed under the umbrella of the fourth phase of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII4), this study applies AQMEII4 diagnostic tools to better characterize how dry deposition removes pollutants from the atmosphere in regional-scale models. The results also strongly suggest that improvement and harmonization of the representation of land use in these models would serve the community in their future development efforts.
Xingyu Wang, Fei Jiang, Hengmao Wang, Zhengqi Zhang, Mousong Wu, Jun Wang, Wei He, Weimin Ju, and Jing M. Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 867–880, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-867-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-867-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The role of OCO-3 XCO2 retrievals in estimating global terrestrial carbon fluxes is unclear. We investigate this by assimilating OCO-3 XCO2 retrievals alone and in combination with OCO-2 XCO2. The assimilation of OCO-3 XCO2 alone underestimates global land sinks, mainly at high latitudes, due to the lack of observations beyond 52° S and 52° N, large variations in the number of data, and varying observation times, while the joint assimilation of OCO-2 and OCO-3 XCO2 has the best performance.
Ke Li, Rong Tan, Wenhao Qiao, Taegyung Lee, Yufen Wang, Danyuting Zhang, Minglong Tang, Wenqing Zhao, Yixuan Gu, Shaojia Fan, Jinqiang Zhang, Xiaopu Lyu, Likun Xue, Jianming Xu, Zhiqiang Ma, Mohd Talib Latif, Teerachai Amnuaylojaroen, Junsu Gil, Mee-Hye Lee, Juseon Bak, Joowan Kim, Hong Liao, Yugo Kanaya, Xiao Lu, Tatsuya Nagashima, and Ja-Ho Koo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3756, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3756, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
East Asia and Southeast Asia has been identified as a global hot spot with the fastest ozone increase. This paper presents the most comprehensive observational view of ozone distributions and evolution over East Asia and Southeast Asia across different spatiotemporal scales in the past two decades, which will have important implications for assessing ozone impacts on public health and crop yields, and for developing future ozone control strategies.
Zhou Zang, Jane Liu, David Tarasick, Omid Moeini, Jianchun Bian, Jinqiang Zhang, Anne M. Thompson, Roeland Van Malderen, Herman G. J. Smit, Ryan M. Stauffer, Bryan J. Johnson, and Debra E. Kollonige
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13889–13912, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13889-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13889-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Trajectory-mapped Ozonesonde dataset for the Stratosphere and Troposphere (TOST) provides a global-scale, long-term ozone climatology that is horizontally and vertically resolved. In this study, we improved, updated and validated TOST from 1970 to 2021. Based on this TOST dataset, we characterized global ozone variations spatially in both the troposphere and stratosphere and temporally by season and decade. We also showed a stagnant lower stratospheric ozone variation since the late 1990s.
Koketso Michelle Molepo, Johannes Bieser, Alkuin Maximilian Koenig, Ian Michael Hedgecock, Ralf Ebinghaus, Aurélien Dommergue, Olivier Magand, Hélène Angot, Oleg Travnikov, Lynwill Martin, Casper Labuschagne, Katie Read, and Yann Bertrand
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3722, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3722, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mercury exchange between the ocean and atmosphere is poorly understood due to limited in situ data. Here, using atmospheric mercury observations from ground-based monitoring stations along with air mass trajectories, we found that atmospheric Hg levels increase with air mass ocean exposure time, matching predictions for ocean mercury emissions. This finding indicates that ocean emissions directly influence atmospheric mercury levels and enables us to estimate these emissions on a global scale.
William J. Collins, Fiona M. O'Connor, Connor R. Barker, Rachael E. Byrom, Sebastian D. Eastham, Øivind Hodnebrog, Patrick Jöckel, Eloise A. Marais, Mariano Mertens, Gunnar Myhre, Matthias Nützel, Dirk Olivié, Ragnhild Bieltvedt Skeie, Laura Stecher, Larry W. Horowitz, Vaishali Naik, Gregory Faluvegi, Ulas Im, Lee T. Murray, Drew Shindell, Kostas Tsigaridis, Nathan Luke Abraham, and James Keeble
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3698, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3698, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
If reductions aren’t implemented to limit emissions of pollutants that produce ozone then we calculate that this will cause a warming of climate. We assess how the future warming from ozone is affected by changing meteorological variables such as clouds and atmospheric temperatures. We find that reductions in high cloud cover tend to slightly reduce the warming from ozone.
Kaah P. Menang, Stefan A. Buehler, Lukas Kluft, Robin J. Hogan, and Florian E. Roemer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3051, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3051, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated how the uncertainty in representing water vapour continuum absorption in the shortwave affects clear-sky shortwave radiative feedback. For current surface temperature, the impact is modest (<2 %). In a warmer world, continuum induced error in estimated shortwave feedback is up to ~5 %. Using the MT_CKD model in radiative transfer calculations may lead to an underestimation of the shortwave feedback. Constraining shortwave continuum will contribute to reducing these discrepancies.
Kai Meng, Tianliang Zhao, Yongqing Bai, Ming Wu, Le Cao, Xuewei Hou, Yuehan Luo, and Yongcheng Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12623–12642, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12623-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12623-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the impact of stratospheric intrusions (SIs) on tropospheric and near-surface ozone in Central and Eastern China from a stratospheric source tracing perspective. SIs contribute the most in the eastern plains, with a contribution exceeding 15 %, and have a small contribution to the west and south. Western Siberia and Mongolia are the most critical source areas for indirect and direct SIs, with the Rossby wave and northeast cold vortex being important driving circulation systems.
Michał Gałkowski, Julia Marshall, Blanca Fuentes Andrade, and Christoph Gerbig
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2792, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2792, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Observations of GHG emissions are needed to monitor the progress towards Paris Agreement goals. Remote sensing instruments have been used to estimate emissions from the strongest anthropogenic sources. Here, we study the impact of atmospheric turbulence on the estimation of CO2 with a realistic atmospheric model, and we show that the formation of persistent plume structures causes uncertainty on the order of 10 % of total emission that cannot be avoided.
Michael Steiner, Luca Cantarello, Stephan Henne, and Dominik Brunner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12447–12463, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12447-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12447-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric greenhouse gas inversions have great potential to independently check reported bottom-up emissions; however they are subject to large uncertainties. It is paramount to address and reduce the largest source of uncertainty, which stems from the representation of atmospheric transport in the models. In this study, we show that the use of a temporally varying flow-dependent atmospheric transport uncertainty can enhance the accuracy of emission estimation in an idealized experiment.
Sieglinde Callewaert, Minqiang Zhou, Bavo Langerock, Pucai Wang, Ting Wang, Emmanuel Mahieu, and Martine De Mazière
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3228, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3228, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We used an atmospheric transport model and satellite data to study CH4 observations at Xianghe, China. Our study shows the key source sectors that influence the concentrations and their respective importance. Furthermore, meteorological factors such as wind direction are discussed. This research highlights the challenges in accurately simulating these kind of measurements and helps us to better understand CH4 variability in the region.
Brian L. Boys, Randall V. Martin, and Trevor C. VandenBoer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2994, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2994, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A widely used dry deposition parameterization for NO2 is updated by including a well-known heterogeneous hydrolysis reaction on deposition surfaces. This mechanistic update eliminates a large low bias of -80 % in simulated NO2 nocturnal deposition velocities evaluated against long-term eddy covariance flux observations over Harvard Forest. We highlight the importance of canopy surface area effects as well as soil NO emission in formulating and evaluating NO2 dry deposition parameterizations.
Cynthia D. Nevison, Qing Liang, Paul A. Newman, Britton B. Stephens, Geoff Dutton, Xin Lan, Roisin Commane, Yenny Gonzalez, and Eric Kort
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10513–10529, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10513-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10513-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines the drivers of interannual variability in tropospheric N2O. New insights are obtained from aircraft data and a chemistry–climate model that explicitly simulates stratospheric N2O. The stratosphere is found to be the dominant driver of N2O variability in the Northern Hemisphere, while both the stratosphere and El Niño cycles are important in the Southern Hemisphere. These results are consistent with known atmospheric dynamics and differences between the hemispheres.
Misa Ishizawa, Douglas Chan, Doug Worthy, Elton Chan, Felix Vogel, Joe R. Melton, and Vivek K. Arora
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10013–10038, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10013-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10013-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Methane (CH4) emissions in Canada for 2007–2017 were estimated using Canada’s surface greenhouse gas measurements. The estimated emissions show no significant trend, but emission uncertainty was reduced as more measurement sites became available. Notably for climate change, we find the wetland CH4 emissions show a positive correlation with surface air temperature in summer. Canada’s measurement network could monitor future CH4 emission changes and compliance with climate change mitigation goals.
Yiang Chen, Xingcheng Lu, and Jimmy C. H. Fung
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8847–8864, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8847-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8847-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the contribution of pollutants from different emitting periods to ozone episodes over the Greater Bay Area. The analysis reveals the variation in major spatiotemporal contributors to the O3 pollution under the influence of typhoons and subtropical high pressure. Through temporal contribution analysis, our work offers a new perspective on the evolution of O3 pollution and can aid in developing effective and timely control policies under unfavorable weather conditions.
Fabian Maier, Christian Rödenbeck, Ingeborg Levin, Christoph Gerbig, Maksym Gachkivskyi, and Samuel Hammer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8183–8203, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8183-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8183-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the usage of discrete radiocarbon (14C)-based fossil fuel carbon dioxide (ffCO2) concentration estimates vs. continuous carbon monoxide (CO)-based ffCO2 estimates to evaluate the seasonal cycle of ffCO2 emissions in an urban region with an inverse modeling framework. We find that the CO-based ffCO2 estimates allow us to reconstruct robust seasonal cycles, which show the distinct COVID-19 drawdown in 2020 and can be used to validate emission inventories.
Kevin Oliveira, Marc Guevara, Oriol Jorba, Hervé Petetin, Dene Bowdalo, Carles Tena, Gilbert Montané Pinto, Franco López, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7137–7177, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7137-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7137-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we assess and evaluate benzene, toluene, and xylene primary emissions and air quality levels in Spain by combining observations, emission inventories, and air quality modelling techniques. The comparison between modelled and observed levels allows identifying uncertainty sources within the emission input. This contributes to improving air quality models' performance when simulating these compounds, leading to better support for the design of effective pollution control strategies.
Yuehan Luo, Tianliang Zhao, Kai Meng, Jun Hu, Qingjian Yang, Yongqing Bai, Kai Yang, Weikang Fu, Chenghao Tan, Yifan Zhang, Yanzhe Zhang, and Zhikuan Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7013–7026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7013-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7013-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We reveal a significant mechanism of stratospheric O3 intrusion (SI) into the atmospheric environment induced by an extratropical cyclone system. This system facilitates the downward transport of stratospheric O3 to the near-surface layer by vertical coupling, involving the upper westerly trough, the middle northeast cold vortex, and the lower extratropical cyclone in the troposphere. On average, stratospheric O3 contributed 26.77 % to near-surface O3 levels over the North China Plain.
Cheng Zheng, Yutian Wu, Mingfang Ting, and Clara Orbe
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6965–6985, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6965-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6965-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Trace gases and aerosols in the Arctic, which typically originate from midlatitude and tropical emission regions, modulate the Arctic climate via their radiative and chemistry impacts. Thus, long-range transport of these substances is important for understanding the current and the future change of Arctic climate. By employing chemistry–climate models, we explore how year-to-year variations in the atmospheric circulation modulate atmospheric long-range transport into the Arctic.
Sophie Wittig, Antoine Berchet, Isabelle Pison, Marielle Saunois, and Jean-Daniel Paris
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6359–6373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6359-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6359-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The aim of this work is to analyse how accurately a methane bomb event could be detected with the current and a hypothetically extended stationary observation network in the Arctic. For this, we incorporate synthetically modelled possible future CH4 concentrations based on plausible emission scenarios into an inverse modelling framework. We analyse how well the increase is detected in different Arctic regions and evaluate the impact of additional observation sites in this respect.
Vishnu Thilakan, Dhanyalekshmi Pillai, Jithin Sukumaran, Christoph Gerbig, Haseeb Hakkim, Vinayak Sinha, Yukio Terao, Manish Naja, and Monish Vijay Deshpande
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5315–5335, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5315-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5315-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the usability of CO2 mixing ratio observations over India to infer regional carbon sources and sinks. We demonstrate that a high-resolution modelling system can represent the observed CO2 variations reasonably well by improving the transport and flux variations at a fine scale. Future carbon data assimilation systems can thus benefit from these recently available CO2 observations when fine-scale variations are adequately represented in the models.
Rostislav Kouznetsov, Risto Hänninen, Andreas Uppstu, Evgeny Kadantsev, Yalda Fatahi, Marje Prank, Dmitrii Kouznetsov, Steffen Manfred Noe, Heikki Junninen, and Mikhail Sofiev
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4675–4691, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4675-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4675-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
By relying solely on publicly available media reports, we were able to infer the temporal evolution and the injection height for the Nord Stream gas leaks in September 2022. The inventory specifies locations, vertical distributions, and temporal evolution of the methane sources. The inventory can be used to simulate the event with atmospheric transport models. The inventory is supplemented with a set of observational data tailored to evaluate the results of the simulated atmospheric dispersion.
Michael Steiner, Wouter Peters, Ingrid Luijkx, Stephan Henne, Huilin Chen, Samuel Hammer, and Dominik Brunner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2759–2782, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2759-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2759-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Paris Agreement increased interest in estimating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of individual countries, but top-down emission estimation is not yet considered policy-relevant. It is therefore paramount to reduce large errors and to build systems that are based on the newest atmospheric transport models. In this study, we present the first application of ICON-ART in the inverse modeling of GHG fluxes with an ensemble Kalman filter and present our results for European CH4 emissions.
Nan Wang, Hongyue Wang, Xin Huang, Xi Chen, Yu Zou, Tao Deng, Tingyuan Li, Xiaopu Lyu, and Fumo Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1559–1570, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1559-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1559-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the influence of extreme-weather-induced natural processes on ozone pollution, which is often overlooked. By analyzing meteorological factors, natural emissions, chemistry pathways and atmospheric transport, we discovered that these natural processes could substantially exacerbate ozone pollution. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of ozone pollution and offer valuable insights for controlling ozone pollution in the context of global warming.
Jia Mao, Amos P. K. Tai, David H. Y. Yung, Tiangang Yuan, Kong T. Chau, and Zhaozhong Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 345–366, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-345-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-345-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Surface ozone (O3) is well-known for posing great threats to both human health and agriculture worldwide. However, a multidecadal assessment of the impacts of O3 on public health and agriculture in China is lacking without sufficient O3 observations. We used a hybrid approach combining a chemical transport model and machine learning to provide a robust dataset of O3 concentrations over the past 4 decades in China, thereby filling the gap in the long-term O3 trend and impact assessment in China.
Leon Kuhn, Steffen Beirle, Vinod Kumar, Sergey Osipov, Andrea Pozzer, Tim Bösch, Rajesh Kumar, and Thomas Wagner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 185–217, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-185-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-185-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
NO₂ is an important air pollutant. It was observed that the WRF-Chem model shows significant deviations in NO₂ abundance when compared to measurements. We use a 1-month simulation over central Europe to show that these deviations can be mostly resolved by reparameterization of the vertical mixing routine. In order to validate our results, they are compared to in situ, satellite, and MAX-DOAS measurements.
Ondřej Tichý, Sabine Eckhardt, Yves Balkanski, Didier Hauglustaine, and Nikolaos Evangeliou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15235–15252, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15235-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15235-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We show declining trends in NH3 emissions over Europe for 2013–2020 using advanced dispersion and inverse modelling and satellite measurements from CrIS. Emissions decreased by −26% since 2013, showing that the abatement strategies adopted by the European Union have been very efficient. Ammonia emissions are low in winter and peak in summer due to temperature-dependent soil volatilization. The largest decreases were observed in central and western Europe in countries with high emissions.
Yusuf A. Bhatti, Laura E. Revell, Alex J. Schuddeboom, Adrian J. McDonald, Alex T. Archibald, Jonny Williams, Abhijith U. Venugopal, Catherine Hardacre, and Erik Behrens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15181–15196, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15181-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15181-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols are a large source of uncertainty over the Southern Ocean. A dominant source of sulfate aerosol in this region is dimethyl sulfide (DMS), which is poorly simulated by climate models. We show the sensitivity of simulated atmospheric DMS to the choice of oceanic DMS data set and emission scheme. We show that oceanic DMS has twice the influence on atmospheric DMS than the emission scheme. Simulating DMS more accurately in climate models will help to constrain aerosol uncertainty.
Maryam Golbazi and Cristina Archer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15057–15075, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15057-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15057-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We use scientific models to study the impact of ship emissions on air quality along the US East Coast. We find an increase in three major pollutants (PM2.5, NO2, and SO2) in coastal regions. However, we detect a reduction in ozone (O3) levels in major coastal cities. This reduction is linked to the significant emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from ships, which scavenged O3, especially in highly polluted urban areas experiencing an NOx-limited regime.
Xinxu Zhao, Jia Chen, Julia Marshall, Michal Gałkowski, Stephan Hachinger, Florian Dietrich, Ankit Shekhar, Johannes Gensheimer, Adrian Wenzel, and Christoph Gerbig
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14325–14347, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14325-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14325-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We develop a modeling framework using the Weather Research and Forecasting model at a high spatial resolution (up to 400 m) to simulate atmospheric transport of greenhouse gases and interpret column observations. Output is validated against weather stations and column measurements in August 2018. The differential column method is applied, aided by air-mass transport tracing with the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) model, also for an exploratory measurement interpretation.
Ioannis Katharopoulos, Dominique Rust, Martin K. Vollmer, Dominik Brunner, Stefan Reimann, Simon J. O'Doherty, Dickon Young, Kieran M. Stanley, Tanja Schuck, Jgor Arduini, Lukas Emmenegger, and Stephan Henne
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14159–14186, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14159-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14159-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The effectiveness of climate change mitigation needs to be scrutinized by monitoring greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Countries report their emissions to the UN in a bottom-up manner. By combining atmospheric observations and transport models someone can independently validate emission estimates in a top-down fashion. We report Swiss emissions of synthetic GHGs based on kilometer-scale transport and inverse modeling, highlighting the role of appropriate resolution in complex terrain.
Tianfeng Chai, Xinrong Ren, Fong Ngan, Mark Cohen, and Alice Crawford
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12907–12933, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12907-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12907-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The SO2 emissions of three power plants are estimated using aircraft observations and an ensemble of HYSPLIT dispersion simulations with different plume rise parameters. The emission estimates using the runs with the lowest root mean square errors (RMSEs) and the runs with the best correlation coefficients between the predicted and observed mixing ratios both agree well with the Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems (CEMS) data. The RMSE-based plume rise appears to be more reasonable.
Jinghui Lian, Thomas Lauvaux, Hervé Utard, François-Marie Bréon, Grégoire Broquet, Michel Ramonet, Olivier Laurent, Ivonne Albarus, Mali Chariot, Simone Kotthaus, Martial Haeffelin, Olivier Sanchez, Olivier Perrussel, Hugo Anne Denier van der Gon, Stijn Nicolaas Camiel Dellaert, and Philippe Ciais
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8823–8835, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8823-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8823-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study quantifies urban CO2 emissions via an atmospheric inversion for the Paris metropolitan area over a 6-year period from 2016 to 2021. Results show a long-term decreasing trend of about 2 % ± 0.6 % per year in the annual CO2 emissions over Paris. We conclude that our current capacity can deliver near-real-time CO2 emission estimates at the city scale in under a month, and the results agree within 10 % with independent estimates from multiple city-scale inventories.
Fu-Jie Zhu, Peng-Tuan Hu, and Wan-Li Ma
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8583–8590, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8583-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8583-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A new steady-state gas–particle partitioning model of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was established based on the level-III multimedia fugacity model, which proved that the particulate proportion of PAHs in emissions was a crucial factor for G–P partitioning of PAHs. In addition, gaseous and particulate interference was also derived in the new steady-state model determined by the particulate proportion in emission that could derivate the G–P partitioning quotients from the equilibrium state.
Christian Hogrefe, Jesse O. Bash, Jonathan E. Pleim, Donna B. Schwede, Robert C. Gilliam, Kristen M. Foley, K. Wyat Appel, and Rohit Mathur
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8119–8147, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8119-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8119-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Under the umbrella of the fourth phase of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII4), this study applies AQMEII4 diagnostic tools to better characterize how dry deposition removes pollutants from the atmosphere in the widely used CMAQ model. The results illustrate how these tools can provide insights into similarities and differences between the two CMAQ dry deposition options that affect simulated pollutant budgets and ecosystem impacts from atmospheric pollution.
Kun Qu, Xuesong Wang, Xuhui Cai, Yu Yan, Xipeng Jin, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Maria Kanakidou, Guy P. Brasseur, Jin Shen, Teng Xiao, Limin Zeng, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7653–7671, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7653-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7653-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Basic understandings of ozone processes, especially transport and chemistry, are essential to support ozone pollution control, but studies often have different views on their relative importance. We developed a method to quantify their contributions in the ozone mass and concentration budgets based on the WRF-CMAQ model. Results in a polluted region highlight the differences between two budgets. For future studies, two budgets are both needed to fully understand the effects of ozone processes.
Emily Dowd, Chris Wilson, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Emanuel Gloor, Alistair Manning, and Ruth Doherty
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7363–7382, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7363-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7363-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Surface observations of methane show that the seasonal cycle amplitude (SCA) of methane is decreasing in the northern high latitudes (NHLs) but increased globally (1995–2020). The NHL decrease is counterintuitive, as we expect the SCA to increase with increasing concentrations. We use a chemical transport model to investigate changes in SCA in the NHLs. We find well-mixed methane and changes in emissions from Canada, the Middle East, and Europe are the largest contributors to the SCA in NHLs.
Danyang Ma, Tijian Wang, Hao Wu, Yawei Qu, Jian Liu, Jane Liu, Shu Li, Bingliang Zhuang, Mengmeng Li, and Min Xie
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6525–6544, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6525-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6525-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Increasing surface ozone (O3) concentrations have long been a significant environmental issue in China, despite the Clean Air Action Plan launched in 2013. Most previous research ignores the contributions of CO2 variations. Our study comprehensively analyzed O3 variation across China from various perspectives and highlighted the importance of considering CO2 variations when designing long-term O3 control policies, especially in high-vegetation-coverage areas.
Cited articles
Bai, N. B. and Zhou, X. J.: Estimation of CO2, SO2 and NOx gridded emission sources with a resolution of
Barbu, A. L., Segers, A. J., Schaap, M., Heemink, A. W., and Builtjes, P. J. H.: A multi-component data assimilation experiment directed to sulphur dioxide and sulphate over Europe, Atmos. Environ., 43, 1622–1631, 2009.
Bergamaschi, P., Hein, R., Heimann, M., and Crutzen, M., P. J.: Inverse modeling of the global CO cycle: 1. Inversion of CO mixing ratios, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 1909–1927, 2000.
Cao, G. L., Zhang, X. Y., Gong, S. L., Gong, S. L., An, X. Q., and Wang, Y. Q.: Emission inventories of primary particles and pollutant gases for China,
Chin. Sci. Bull., 56, 781, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-011-4373-7, 2011.
Cheng, X., Xu, X., and Ding, G.: An emission source inversion model based on
satellite data and its application in air quality forecasts, Science China:
Earth Sciences, 53, 752–762, 2010.
Cheng, Y. F., Zheng, G. J., Wei, C., Mu, Q., Zheng, B., Wang, Z. B, Gao, M.,
Zhang, Q., He, K. B., Carmichael, G., Pöschl, U., and Su, H.: Reactive
nitrogen chemistry in aerosol water as a source of sulfate during haze
events in China, Sci. Adv., 2, e1601530, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601530, 2016.
Chen, D., Liu, Z., Ban, J., and Chen, M.: The 2015 and 2016 wintertime air pollution in China: SO2 emission changes derived from a WRF-Chem/EnKF coupled data assimilation system, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8619–8650, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8619-2019, 2019.
China National Environmental Monitoring Centre (CNEMC): SO2, NO2, and O3 measurements, CNEMC [data set], available at: http://www.cnemc.cn/en/ (last access: 8 September 2021), 2013.
Cohan, D., Hu, Y., Hakami, A., Odman, M. T., and Russell, A.: Implementation of a direct sensitivity method into CMAQ, Models-3 User's Workshop, RTP, North Carolina, 22 October 2002.
Corazza, M., Bergamaschi, P., Vermeulen, A. T., Aalto, T., Haszpra, L., Meinhardt, F., O'Doherty, S., Thompson, R., Moncrieff, J., Popa, E., Steinbacher, M., Jordan, A., Dlugokencky, E., Brühl, C., Krol, M., and Dentener, F.: Inverse modelling of European N2O emissions: assimilating observations from different networks, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 2381–2398, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2381-2011, 2011.
Dai, T., Cheng, Y., Goto, D., Li, Y., Tang, X., Shi, G., and Nakajima, T.: Revealing the sulfur dioxide emission reductions in China by assimilating surface observations in WRF-Chem, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4357–4379, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4357-2021, 2021.
Dennis, R., Byun, D., and Novak, J.: The next generation of integrated air
quality modeling: EPA's Models-3, Atmos. Environ., 30, 1925–1938, 1996.
Elbern, H., Schmidt, H., Talagrand, O., and Ebel, A.: 4D-variational data
assimilation with an adjoint air quality model for emission analysis,
Environ. Modell. Softw., 15, 539–548, 2000.
Elbern, H., Strunk, A., Schmidt, H., and Talagrand, O.: Emission rate and chemical state estimation by 4-dimensional variational inversion, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3749–3769, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-3749-2007, 2007.
Enting, I. G.: Inverse Problems in Atmospheric Constituent Transport, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, ISBN 9780521812108, 2002.
Frey, H. C., Zheng, J., Zhao, Y., Li, S., and Zhu, Y.: Technical Documentation of the AuvTool Software for Analysis of Variability and Uncertainty, North Carolina State University for the Office of Research and
Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC, 2002.
Gilliland, A. B., Dennis, R. L., Roselle, S. J., and Pierce, T. E.: Seasonal NH3 emission estimates for the eastern United States based on ammonium wet
concentrations and an inverse modeling method, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4477, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003063, 2003.
Gilliland, A. B., Wyat, A. K., Pinder, R. W., and Dennis, R. L.: Seasonal NH3 emissions for the continental united states: Inverse model estimation and evaluation, Atmos. Environ., 40, 4986–4998, 2006.
Heald, C. L., Jacob, D. J., Jones, D. B. A., Palmer, P. I., Logan, J. A.,
Streets, D. G., Sachse, G. W., Gille, J. C., Hoffman, R. N., and Nehrkorn, T.: Comparative inverse analysis of satellite (MOPITT) and aircraft (TRACE-P)
observations to estimate Asian sources of carbon monoxide, J. Geophys. Res.,
109, D23306, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005185, 2004.
Henze, D. K., Seinfeld, J. H., and Shindell, D. T.: Inverse modeling and mapping US air quality influences of inorganic PM2.5 precursor emissions using the adjoint of GEOS-Chem, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5877–5903, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5877-2009, 2009.
Hong, C., Zhang, Q., He, K., Guan, D., Li, M., Liu, F., and Zheng, B.: Variations of China's emission estimates: response to uncertainties in energy statistics, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 1227–1239, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1227-2017, 2017.
Hu, Y., Odman, M. T., and Russell, A. G.: Top-down analysis of the elemental
carbon emissions inventory in the United States by inverse modeling using
Community Multiscale Air Quality model with decoupled direct method
(CMAQ-DDM), J. Geophys. Res., 114, D24302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD011987, 2009.
Huang, R. J., Zhang, Y., Bozzetti, C., Ho, K. F., Cao, J. J., Han, Y., Daellenbach, K. R., Slowik, J. G., Platt, S. M., Canonaco, F., Zotter, P., Wolf, R., Pieber, S. M., Bruns, E. A., Crippa, M., Ciarelli, G., Piazzalunga, A., Schwikowski, M., Abbaszade, G., Schnelle-Kreis, J., Zimmermann, R., An, Z., Szidat, S., Baltensperger, U., Haddad, I. E., and Prévôt, A. S.: High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate pollution during haze events in China, Nature, 514, 218–222, 2014.
Jiang, Z., Jones, D. B. A., Kopacz, M., Liu, J., Henze, D. K., and Heald, C.: Quantifying the impact of model errors on top-down estimates of carbon
monoxide emissions using satellite observations, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D15306, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015282, 2011.
Kerry, A., Gerhard, R., and Mike, D. F.: Fire-growth modelling using
meteorological data with random and systematic perturbations, Int. J. Wildland Fire, 16, 174–182, 2007.
Koohkan, M. R., Bocquet, M., Roustan, Y., Kim, Y., and Seigneur, C.: Estimation of volatile organic compound emissions for Europe using data assimilation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5887–5905, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5887-2013, 2013.
Kopacz, M., Jacob, D. J., Henze, D. K., Heald, C. L., Streets, D. G., and Zhang, Q.: Comparison of adjoint and analytical Bayesian inversion methods for constraining Asian sources of carbon monoxide using satellite (MOPITT)
measurements of CO columns, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D04305, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009264, 2009.
Li, M., Liu, H., Geng, G., Hong, C., Liu, F., Song, Y., Tong, D., Zheng, B.,
Cui, H., Man, H., Zhang, Q., He, K.: Anthropogenic emission inventories in
China: a review, Natl. Sci. Rev., 4, 834–866, 2017.
Li, Z., Zang, Z., Li, Q. B., Chao, Y., Chen, D., Ye, Z., Liu, Y., and Liou, K. N.: A three-dimensional variational data assimilation system for multiple aerosol species with WRF/Chem and an application to PM2.5 prediction, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 4265–4278, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-4265-2013, 2013.
Liu, F., Hu, F., and Zhu, J.: Solving the optimal layout problem of multiple
industrial pollution sources using the adjoint method, Science China: Earth
Sciences, 35, 64–71, 2005.
Liu, J., Mauzerallb, D. L., Chen. Q., Zhang, Q., Song, Y., Peng, W., Klimont, Z., Qiu, X. H., Zhang, S. Q., Hu, M., Lin, W. L., Smith, K. R., and Zhu, T.: Air pollutant emissions from Chinese households: A major and underappreciated ambient pollution source, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 7756–7761, 2016.
Liu, Z., Liu, Q., Lin, H. C., Schwartz, C. S., Lee, Y. H., and Wang, T.:
Three-dimensional variational assimilation of MODIS aerosol optical depth:
implementation and application to a dust storm over East Asia, J. Geophys.
Res., 116, D23206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016159, 2011.
Lucas, D. D., Simpson, M., Cameron-Smith, P., and Baskett, R. L.: Bayesian inverse modeling of the atmospheric transport and emissions of a controlled tracer release from a nuclear power plant, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 13521–13543, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13521-2017, 2017.
Ma, J. and van Aardenne, J. A.: Impact of different emission inventories on simulated tropospheric ozone over China: a regional chemical transport model evaluation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 877–887, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-877-2004, 2004.
Manning, A. J., Doherty, S. O., Jones, A. R., Simmonds, P. G., Derwent, R.
G.: Estimating UK methane and nitrous oxide emissions from 1990 to 2007
using an inversion modeling approach, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D02305,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014763, 2011.
Martin, R. V., Jacob, D. J., Chance, K., Palmer, P. I., and Evans, M. J.: Global inventory of nitrogen oxide emissions constrained by space-based
observations of NO2 columns, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4537, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003453, 2003.
Michalakes, J., Dudhia, J., Gill, D., Henderson, T., Klemp, J., Skamarock, W., and Wang, W.: The Weather Reseach and Forecast Model: Software Architecture and Performance, in: Proceedings of the 11th ECMWF Workshop on the Use of High Performance Computing In Meteorology, Reading, UK, edited by:
Mozdzynski, G., 25–29 October 2004.
Mijling, B. and van der A, R. J.: Using daily satellite observations to
estimate emissions of short-lived air pollutants on a mesoscopic scale, J.
Geophys. Res., 117, D17302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017817, 2012.
Miyazaki, K., Eskes, H. J., and Sudo, K.: Global NOx emission estimates derived from an assimilation of OMI tropospheric NO2 columns, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 2263–2288, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-2263-2012, 2012.
Napelenok, S. L., Pinder, R. W., Gilliland, A. B., and Martin, R. V.: A method for evaluating spatially-resolved NOx emissions using Kalman filter inversion, direct sensitivities, and space-based NO2 observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5603–5614, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-5603-2008, 2008.
National Center for Atmospheric Research: NCEP FNL Operational Model Global Tropospheric Analyses, continuing from July 1999, Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Computational and Information Systems Laboratory [data set], https://doi.org/10.5065/D6M043C6, 2021.
Otte, T. L. and Pleim, J. E.: The Meteorology-Chemistry Interface Processor (MCIP) for the CMAQ modeling system: updates through MCIPv3.4.1, Geosci. Model Dev., 3, 243–256, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-3-243-2010, 2010.
Pagowski, M., Grell, G. A., McKeen, S. A., Peckham, S. E., and Devenyi, D.:
Threedimensional variational data assimilation of ozone and fine particulate
matter observations: some results using the weather research and
forecasting-chemistry model and grid-point statistical interpolation, Q. J.
Roy. Meteor. Soc., 136, 2013–2024, 2010.
Parrish, D. F. and Derber, J. C.: The National Meteorological Center's spectral statistical interpolation analysis scheme, Mon. Weather Rev., 120,
1747–1763, 1992.
Peng, L., Zhang, Q., Yao, Z., Mauzerall, D. L., Kang, S., Du, Z., Zheng, Y.,
Xue, T., and He, K.: Underreported coal in statistics: A survey-based solid fuel consumption and emission inventory for the rural residential sector in
China, Appl. Energ., 235, 1169–1182, 2019.
Peng, Z., Liu, Z., Chen, D., and Ban, J.: Improving PM2.5 forecast over China by the joint adjustment of initial conditions and source emissions with an ensemble Kalman filter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 4837–4855, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4837-2017, 2017.
Sportisse, B.: A review of current issues in air pollution modeling and
simulation, Computat. Geosci., 11, 159–181, 2007.
Stavrakou, T., Müller, J.-F., De Smedt, I., Van Roozendael, M., Kanakidou, M., Vrekoussis, M., Wittrock, F., Richter, A., and Burrows, J. P.: The continental source of glyoxal estimated by the synergistic use of spaceborne measurements and inverse modelling, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8431–8446, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8431-2009, 2009.
Streets, D. G., Bond, T. C., Carmichael, G. R., Fernandes, S. D., Fu, Q., He,
D., Klimont, Z., Nelson, S. M., Tsai, N. Y., Wang, M. Q., Woo, J. H., and Yarber, K. F.: An inventory of gaseous and primary aerosol emissions in Asia in the year 2000, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8809–8820, 2003.
Tang, X., Zhu, J., Wang, Z. F., and Gbaguidi, A.: Improvement of ozone forecast over Beijing based on ensemble Kalman filter with simultaneous adjustment of initial conditions and emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 12901–12916, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-12901-2011, 2011.
Tang, X., Zhu, J., Wang, Z., Gbaguidi, A., Lin, C., Xin, J., Song, T., and Hu, B.: Limitations of ozone data assimilation with adjustment of NOx emissions: mixed effects on NO2 forecasts over Beijing and surrounding areas, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 6395–6405, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6395-2016, 2016.
Tang, X. Y., Zhang, Y. H., and Shao, M.: Atmospheric Environmental Chemistry,
2nd edn., Higher Education Press, Beijing, 447–449, 2006 (in Chinese).
The University of North Carolina (UNC): SMOKE v3.6 user's manual, The institute for the Environment, Chapel Hill, 520 pp., 2014.
Wang, C., An, X. Q., Zhai, S. X., Hou, Q., and Sun, Z. B.: Tracking sensitive
source areas of different weather pollution types using GRAPES-CUACE adjoint
model, Atmos. Environ., 175, 154–166, 2018.
Wang, L. T., Zhang, P., Yang, J., Zhao, X. J., Wei, W., Su, J., Cheng, D.
D., Liu X., Y., Han, G., G., and Wang, H. J.: Application of CMAQ-DDM-3D in the source analysis of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), Acta Scientiae
Circumstantiae, 33, 1355–1361, 2013 (in Chinese).
Wang, P., Wang, H., Wang, Y. Q., Zhang, X. Y., Gong, S. L., Xue, M., Zhou, C. H., Liu, H. L., An, X. Q., Niu, T., and Cheng, Y. L.: Inverse modeling of black carbon emissions over China using ensemble data assimilation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 989–1002, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-989-2016, 2016.
Wang, Y., McElroy, M. B., Martin, R. V., Streets, D. G., Zhang, Q., and Fu,
T.-M.: Seasonal variability of NOx emissions over east China constrained by satellite observations: Implications for combustion and microbial sources, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D06301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007538, 2007.
Wang, Q., Huo, H., He, K., Yao, Z., and Zhang, Q.: Characterization of vehicle driving patterns and development of driving cycles in Chinese cities, Transport. Res. D-Tr. E., 13, 289–297, 2008.
Wang, Y. S., Yao, L., Wang, L., L., Liu, Z. R., Ji, D. S., Tang, G. Q.,
Zhang, J. K., Sun, Y., Hu, B., and Xin, J. Y.: Mechanism for the formation of
the January 2013 heavy haze pollution episode over central and eastern
China, Science China, Earth Sciences, 57, 14–25, 2014 (in Chinese).
Willmott, C. J., Robeson, S. M., and Matsuura, K. A.: A refined index of
model performance, Int. J. Climatol., 32, 2088–2094, 2012.
Xu, X. D., Xie, L. A., Cheng, X. H., Xu., J. M., Zhou, X. J., and Ding, G. A.: Application of an Adaptive Nudging Scheme in Air Quality Forecasting in
China, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 47, 2105–2114, 2008.
Yang, Q., Wang, Y. H., Zhao, C., Liu, Z., William, I., Gustafson, J., and Shao, M.: NOx emission reduction and its effects on ozone during the 2008 Olympic Games, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 6404–6410, 2011.
Zang, Z. L., Li, Z. J., Pan, X. B., Hao, Z. L., and You, W.: Aerosol data
assimilation and forecasting experiments using aircraft and surface
observations during CalNex, Tellus B, 68, 29812, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v68.29812, 2016.
Zhang, Q., Streets, D. G., He, K., Wang, Y., Richter, A., Burrows, J. P., Uno, I., Jang, C. J., Chen, D., Yao, Z., and Lei Y.: NOx emission trends for China, 1995–2004: The view from the ground and the view from space, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D22306, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008684, 2007.
Zhang, L., Shao, J. Y., Lu, X., Zhao, Y. H., Hu, Y. Y., Henze, D., Liao, H.,
Gong, S., L., and Zhang, Q.: Sources and processes affecting fine particulate
matter pollution over North China: An adjoint analysis of the Beijing APEC
period, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 8731–8740, 2016.
Zhang, Q., Geng, G. N., Wang, S. W., Andreas, R., and He, K. B.: Satellite
remote sensing of changes in NOx emissions over China during 1996–2010, Chin. Sci. Bull., 57, 2857–2864, 2012.
Zhang, Q., Streets, D. G., Carmichael, G. R., He, K. B., Huo, H., Kannari, A., Klimont, Z., Park, I. S., Reddy, S., Fu, J. S., Chen, D., Duan, L., Lei, Y., Wang, L. T., and Yao, Z. L.: Asian emissions in 2006 for the NASA INTEX-B mission, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5131–5153, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5131-2009, 2009.
Zhao, B., Wang, P., Ma, J. Z., Zhu, S., Pozzer, A., and Li, W.: A high-resolution emission inventory of primary pollutants for the Huabei region, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 481–501, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-481-2012, 2012.
Zhao, H. Y., Zhang, Q., Guan, D. B., Davis, S. J., Liu, Z., Huo, H., Lin, J. T., Liu, W. D., and He, K. B.: Assessment of China's virtual air pollution transport embodied in trade by using a consumption-based emission inventory, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5443–5456, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5443-2015, 2015.
Zheng, B., Tong, D., Li, M., Liu, F., Hong, C., Geng, G., Li, H., Li, X., Peng, L., Qi, J., Yan, L., Zhang, Y., Zhao, H., Zheng, Y., He, K., and Zhang, Q.: Trends in China's anthropogenic emissions since 2010 as the consequence of clean air actions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14095–14111, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14095-2018, 2018.
Zhu, J. and Wang, P.: Ensemble kalman smoother and ensemble kalman filter
approaches to the joint air quality state and emission estimation problem,
Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 30, 871–882, 2006.
Zhu, J., Tang, X., Wang, Z. F., and Wu, L.: A review of air quality data
assimilation methods and their application, Chinese Journal of Atmospheric
Sciences, 42, 607–620, 2018.
Short summary
We develop a new inversion method of emission sources based on sensitivity analysis and the three-dimension variational technique. The novel explicit observation operator matrix between emission sources and the receptor’s concentrations is established. Then this method is applied to a typical heavy haze episode in North China, and spatiotemporal variations of SO2, NO2, and O3 concentrations simulated using a posterior emission sources are compared with results using an a priori inventory.
We develop a new inversion method of emission sources based on sensitivity analysis and the...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint