Articles | Volume 19, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6611-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6611-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
17 May 2019
Research article |
| 17 May 2019
| 17 May 2019
Significant decline of mesospheric water vapor at the NDACC site near Bern in the period 2007 to 2018
Martin Lainer
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
now at: Swiss Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, Locarno-Monti, Switzerland
Klemens Hocke
Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Ellen Eckert
University of Toronto, Department of Physics, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
Niklaus Kämpfer
Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Klemens Hocke, Huixin Liu, Nicholas Pedatella, and Guanyi Ma
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Leonie Bernet, Thomas von Clarmann, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Gérard Ancellet, Eliane Maillard Barras, René Stübi, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Niklaus Kämpfer, and Klemens Hocke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 4289–4309, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4289-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4289-2019, 2019
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Christine Aebi, Julian Gröbner, and Niklaus Kämpfer
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Jonas Hagen, Axel Murk, Rolf Rüfenacht, Sergey Khaykin, Alain Hauchecorne, and Niklaus Kämpfer
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Martin Lainer, Klemens Hocke, and Niklaus Kämpfer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 12061–12074, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12061-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12061-2018, 2018
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Franziska Schranz, Susana Fernandez, Niklaus Kämpfer, and Mathias Palm
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 4113–4130, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4113-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4113-2018, 2018
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Martin Lainer, Klemens Hocke, Rolf Rüfenacht, and Niklaus Kämpfer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14905–14917, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14905-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14905-2017, 2017
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Gerald E. Nedoluha, Michael Kiefer, Stefan Lossow, R. Michael Gomez, Niklaus Kämpfer, Martin Lainer, Peter Forkman, Ole Martin Christensen, Jung Jin Oh, Paul Hartogh, John Anderson, Klaus Bramstedt, Bianca M. Dinelli, Maya Garcia-Comas, Mark Hervig, Donal Murtagh, Piera Raspollini, William G. Read, Karen Rosenlof, Gabriele P. Stiller, and Kaley A. Walker
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Christine Aebi, Julian Gröbner, Niklaus Kämpfer, and Laurent Vuilleumier
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 4587–4600, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4587-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4587-2017, 2017
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The current study analyses the cloud radiative effect during the daytime depending on cloud fraction and cloud type at two stations in Switzerland over a time period of 3–5 years. Information about fractional cloud coverage and cloud type is retrieved from images taken by visible all-sky cameras. Cloud cover, cloud type and other atmospheric parameters have an influence on the magnitude of the longwave cloud effect as well as on the shortwave.
Francisco Navas-Guzmán, Niklaus Kämpfer, Franziska Schranz, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, and Alexander Haefele
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14085–14104, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14085-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14085-2017, 2017
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The paper presents assessment of the stratospheric measurements of a relatively new temperature radiometer (TEMPERA) at 60 GHz. The temperature profiles from TEMPERA have been compared with measurements from different techniques such as radiosondes, MLS satellite and Rayleigh lidar and with the temperature outputs from the SD-WACCM model. The results showed absolute biases and standard deviations lower than 2 K for most of the altitudes and comparisons, proving the good performance of TEMPERA.
Leonie Bernet, Francisco Navas-Guzmán, and Niklaus Kämpfer
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 4421–4437, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4421-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4421-2017, 2017
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Microwave radiometry is a suitable technique to measure atmospheric temperature profiles during clear sky and cloudy conditions. However clouds can influence the temperature measurements. In this study we analyse the influence of clouds on temperature measurements in the troposphere from a microwave radiometer. We found that the effect of clouds on the temperature measurements is important and that the measurements can be improved substantially by considering clouds in the retrieval process.
Klemens Hocke, Francisco Navas-Guzmán, Lorena Moreira, Leonie Bernet, and Christian Mätzler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 12121–12131, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12121-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12121-2017, 2017
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We derive the annual and semi-annual oscillations in cloud fraction (CF), integrated liquid water (ILW) and integrated water vapour (IWV) from the long-term measurements of the TROWARA radiometer in Bern, Switzerland. Further, we find a weekly cycle of CF and ILW from June to September with increased values on Saturday, Sunday and Monday.
Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Lucien Froidevaux, Ryan Fuller, Ray Wang, John Anderson, Chris Roth, Adam Bourassa, Doug Degenstein, Robert Damadeo, Joe Zawodny, Stacey Frith, Richard McPeters, Pawan Bhartia, Jeannette Wild, Craig Long, Sean Davis, Karen Rosenlof, Viktoria Sofieva, Kaley Walker, Nabiz Rahpoe, Alexei Rozanov, Mark Weber, Alexandra Laeng, Thomas von Clarmann, Gabriele Stiller, Natalya Kramarova, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Thierry Leblanc, Richard Querel, Daan Swart, Ian Boyd, Klemens Hocke, Niklaus Kämpfer, Eliane Maillard Barras, Lorena Moreira, Gerald Nedoluha, Corinne Vigouroux, Thomas Blumenstock, Matthias Schneider, Omaira García, Nicholas Jones, Emmanuel Mahieu, Dan Smale, Michael Kotkamp, John Robinson, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Neil Harris, Birgit Hassler, Daan Hubert, and Fiona Tummon
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 10675–10690, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10675-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10675-2017, 2017
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Thanks to the 1987 Montreal Protocol and its amendments, ozone-depleting chlorine (and bromine) in the stratosphere has declined slowly since the late 1990s. Improved and extended long-term ozone profile observations from satellites and ground-based stations confirm that ozone is responding as expected and has increased by about 2 % per decade since 2000 in the upper stratosphere, around 40 km altitude. At lower altitudes, however, ozone has not changed significantly since 2000.
Lorena Moreira, Klemens Hocke, and Niklaus Kämpfer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 10259–10268, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10259-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10259-2017, 2017
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GROMOS (GROund-based Millimeter-wave Ozone Spectrometer) has provided ozone profiles for the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change since 1994. A new retrieval version for ozone profiles aims to improve the altitude range of profiles. We performed a comparison between coincident profiles of GROMOS and Aura MLS, resulting in agreement within 2% in
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Klemens Hocke, Franziska Schranz, Eliane Maillard Barras, Lorena Moreira, and Niklaus Kämpfer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3445–3452, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3445-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3445-2017, 2017
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Observation and simulation show an Atlantic ozone streamer along the edge region of the polar vortex in the northern middle stratosphere during winter. The Atlantic streamer has wind speeds of about 100 m/s and turns equatorward at a vortex erosion region. We compare the fields of stratospheric ozone and water vapour from ground- and space-based microwave radiometry and SD-WACCM simulations for a better understanding of non-linear transport processes in the middle atmosphere.
Francisco Navas-Guzmán, Niklaus Kämpfer, and Alexander Haefele
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 4587–4600, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4587-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4587-2016, 2016
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The paper presents the assessment of the tropospheric measurements of a new temperature radiometer (TEMPERA) at 60 GHz. The temperature profiles from TEMPERA are compared with independent in situ radiosonde measurements. The TEMPERA performance is also compared with that of a commercial microwave radiometer (HATPRO). In addition, the brightness temperatures from both microwave radiometers are compared with the ones simulated using a radiative transfer model, ARTS.
Klemens Hocke, Martin Lainer, Lorena Moreira, Jonas Hagen, Susana Fernandez Vidal, and Franziska Schranz
Ann. Geophys., 34, 781–788, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-781-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-781-2016, 2016
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The dense horizontal sampling of atmospheric temperature profiles by the microwave limb sounder MLS on the NASA satellite AURA permit the estimation of global distributions of inertia-gravity waves (IGWs) in the middle atmosphere. We present and discuss the estimated global distributions of IGWs for July 2015 and January 2016. A dependence on the zonal wind distribution is obvious. The distributions of IGWs are a bit similar to the global distributions of small-scale gravity waves.
Lorena Moreira, Klemens Hocke, Francisco Navas-Guzmán, Ellen Eckert, Thomas von Clarmann, and Niklaus Kämpfer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10455–10467, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10455-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10455-2016, 2016
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The GROMOS radiometer in Bern has been part of the NDACC since 1994. Our time series of stratospheric ozone profiles allow the assessment of natural oscillations, which are essential for the evaluation of detected stratospheric ozone trends. Among our new findings are the link between the upper stratospheric O3-SAO and the polar stratopause warmings in winter. We have also detected a strong peak amplitude of 5 % related to the solar activity cycle and the ENSO effect in ozone at midlatitudes.
Susana Fernandez, Rolf Rüfenacht, Niklaus Kämpfer, Thierry Portafaix, Françoise Posny, and Guillaume Payen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 7531–7543, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7531-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7531-2016, 2016
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We present a new ground based microwave radiometer for campaigns, GROMOS-C. It measures the vertical distribution of ozone in the middle atmosphere by observing spectra at 110.836 GHz. The paper presents a validation campaign that took place on La Réunion Island. The ozone retrieved profiles are validated against ozone profiles from the Microwave Limb Sounder, the ozone lidar located in the observatory, ozone profiles from weekly radiosondes and with ECMWF model data.
Rolf Rüfenacht, Klemens Hocke, and Niklaus Kämpfer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4915–4925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4915-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4915-2016, 2016
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We quantitatively analyze oscillations with periods from 5 to 50 days in horizontal wind profiles between mid-stratosphere and mesopause based on more than 44 months of data from high, mid- and low latitudes measured by a novel instrument. For the first time, long time series of continuous wind measurements allow direct observations of dynamics throughout this altitude range. The observations agree remarkably well with the ECMWF model in the stratosphere but discrepancies exist in the mesosphere.
L. Moreira, K. Hocke, E. Eckert, T. von Clarmann, and N. Kämpfer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10999–11009, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10999-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10999-2015, 2015
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GROMOS (GROund-based Millimeter-wave Ozone Spectrometer) has provided ozone profiles for the NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) at Bern since 1994. We performed a trend analysis of our 20-year time series of stratospheric ozone profiles with a multilinear parametric trend estimation method. With our estimated ozone trends we are able to support the stratospheric ozone turnaround, besides a statistically significant negative trend in the lower mesosphere.
M. Lainer, N. Kämpfer, B. Tschanz, G. E. Nedoluha, S. Ka, and J. J. Oh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9711–9730, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9711-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9711-2015, 2015
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We use water vapor profiles from ground-based microwave radiometers at five locations distributed over the Northern Hemisphere and operated in the frame of NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) to generate hemispheric water vapor maps based on the so-called trajectory mapping technique. The novelty is to show that a mini network of instruments is capable of providing information about the hemispheric distribution of water vapor under most conditions.
S. Fernandez, A. Murk, and N. Kämpfer
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 2649–2662, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2649-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2649-2015, 2015
K. Hocke, M. Lainer, and A. Schanz
Ann. Geophys., 33, 783–788, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-783-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-783-2015, 2015
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The composite analysis of major sudden stratospheric warmings (SSW) showed changes in atmospheric parameters at mid-latitudes about 1-2 months before the central date of the SSW. Polar ozone is enhanced during the half year after the SSW event.
B. Tschanz and N. Kämpfer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5099–5108, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5099-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5099-2015, 2015
F. Navas-Guzmán, N. Kämpfer, A. Murk, R. Larsson, S. A. Buehler, and P. Eriksson
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 1863–1874, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1863-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1863-2015, 2015
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In this work we study the Zeeman effect on stratospheric O2 using ground-based microwave radiometer measurements. The interaction of the Earth magnetic field with the oxygen dipole leads to a splitting of O2 energy states which polarizes the emission spectra. A special campaign was carried out in order to measure for the first time the polarization state of the radiation due to the Zeeman effect in the main isotopologue of oxygen from ground-based microwave measurements.
A. Schanz, K. Hocke, N. Kämpfer, S. Chabrillat, A. Inness, M. Palm, J. Notholt, I. Boyd, A. Parrish, and Y. Kasai
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-32667-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-32667-2014, 2014
Revised manuscript not accepted
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The manuscript describes novel findings in the diurnal variation of stratospheric ozone by means of the MACC reanalysis, the ERA-Interim reanalysis and the WACCM model. The diurnal variation in ozone has dynamical and photochemical origins which lead to substantial amplitudes especially in the polar, stratospheric regions. The unprecedented, global view on diurnal ozone variation strengthens the implication to correct diurnally sampled satellite observations used for ozone trend estimates.
R. Rüfenacht, A. Murk, N. Kämpfer, P. Eriksson, and S. A. Buehler
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 4491–4505, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-4491-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-4491-2014, 2014
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Only very few techniques for wind measurements in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere exist. Moreover, none of these instruments is running on a continuous basis. This paper describes the development of ground-based microwave Doppler radiometry. Time series of daily wind profile measurements from four different locations at polar, mid- and tropical latitudes are presented. The agreement with ECMWF model data is good in the stratosphere, but discrepancies were found in the mesosphere.
A. Schanz, K. Hocke, and N. Kämpfer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7645–7663, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7645-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7645-2014, 2014
D. Scheiben, B. Tschanz, K. Hocke, N. Kämpfer, S. Ka, and J. J. Oh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 6511–6522, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6511-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6511-2014, 2014
S. Studer, K. Hocke, A. Schanz, H. Schmidt, and N. Kämpfer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 5905–5919, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5905-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5905-2014, 2014
F. Navas-Guzmán, O. Stähli, and N. Kämpfer
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 1619–1628, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1619-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1619-2014, 2014
F. Cossu and K. Hocke
Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 147–160, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-147-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-147-2014, 2014
O. Stähli, A. Murk, N. Kämpfer, C. Mätzler, and P. Eriksson
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 2477–2494, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2477-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2477-2013, 2013
D. Scheiben, A. Schanz, B. Tschanz, and N. Kämpfer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6877–6886, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6877-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6877-2013, 2013
B. Tschanz, C. Straub, D. Scheiben, K. A. Walker, G. P. Stiller, and N. Kämpfer
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 1725–1745, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1725-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1725-2013, 2013
S. Studer, K. Hocke, M. Pastel, S. Godin-Beekmann, and N. Kämpfer
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-6097-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-6097-2013, 2013
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
K. Hocke, S. Studer, O. Martius, D. Scheiben, and N. Kämpfer
Ann. Geophys., 31, 755–764, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-755-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-755-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Gases | Research Activity: Remote Sensing | Altitude Range: Mesosphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Mesospheric nitric oxide model from SCIAMACHY data
Production and transport mechanisms of NO in the polar upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere in observations and models
The airglow layer emission altitude cannot be determined unambiguously from temperature comparison with lidars
Assessing the ability to derive rates of polar middle-atmospheric descent using trace gas measurements from remote sensors
The SPARC water vapor assessment II: intercomparison of satellite and ground-based microwave measurements
Measuring FeO variation using astronomical spectroscopic observations
Global investigation of the Mg atom and ion layers using SCIAMACHY/Envisat observations between 70 and 150 km altitude and WACCM-Mg model results
Unusually strong nitric oxide descent in the Arctic middle atmosphere in early 2013 as observed by Odin/SMR
Longitudinal hotspots in the mesospheric OH variations due to energetic electron precipitation
Diurnal variations in middle-atmospheric water vapor by ground-based microwave radiometry
Lifetime and production rate of NOx in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere in the polar spring/summer after the solar proton event in October–November 2003
Metal concentrations in the upper atmosphere during meteor showers
Daytime SABER/TIMED observations of water vapor in the mesosphere: retrieval approach and first results
Stefan Bender, Miriam Sinnhuber, Patrick J. Espy, and John P. Burrows
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 2135–2147, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2135-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2135-2019, 2019
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We present an empirical model for nitric oxide (NO) in the mesosphere (60–90 km) derived from SCIAMACHY limb scan data. Our model relates the daily (longitudinally) averaged NO number densities from SCIAMACHY as a function of geomagnetic latitude to the solar Lyman-alpha and the geomagnetic AE indices. We use a non-linear regression model, incorporating a finite and seasonally varying lifetime for the geomagnetically induced NO.
Koen Hendrickx, Linda Megner, Daniel R. Marsh, and Christine Smith-Johnsen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 9075–9089, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9075-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9075-2018, 2018
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The mechanisms that produce, destroy and transport nitric oxide (NO) in the Antarctic mesosphere and lower thermosphere are investigated in AIM-SOFIE satellite observations and compared to SD-WACCM simulations. During winter, NO concentrations are most similar while the altitude of maximum NO number densities is most separated. Even though the rate of descent is similar in both datasets, the simulated descending NO flux is too low in concentration, which reflects a missing source of NO.
Tim Dunker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 6691–6697, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6691-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6691-2018, 2018
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Often, the emission height of the mesospheric hydroxyl layer has been inferred from a comparison of temperature measured by ground-based lidars and hydroxyl spectrometers. I use temperatures measured by two independent instruments to show that such comparisons usually lead to ambiguous height determinations, especially if a variable layer width is taken into account. Even though this dataset is from a single location, the results apply to all airglow layers at any location.
Niall J. Ryan, Douglas E. Kinnison, Rolando R. Garcia, Christoph G. Hoffmann, Mathias Palm, Uwe Raffalski, and Justus Notholt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 1457–1474, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1457-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1457-2018, 2018
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We used model output and instrument data to assess how well polar atmospheric descent rates can be derived using concentration measurements of long-lived gases in the atmosphere. The results indicate that the method incurs errors as large as the descent rates, and often leads to a misinterpretation of the direction of air motion. The rates derived using this method do not appear to represent the mean vertical wind in the middle atmosphere, and we suggest an alternate definition.
Gerald E. Nedoluha, Michael Kiefer, Stefan Lossow, R. Michael Gomez, Niklaus Kämpfer, Martin Lainer, Peter Forkman, Ole Martin Christensen, Jung Jin Oh, Paul Hartogh, John Anderson, Klaus Bramstedt, Bianca M. Dinelli, Maya Garcia-Comas, Mark Hervig, Donal Murtagh, Piera Raspollini, William G. Read, Karen Rosenlof, Gabriele P. Stiller, and Kaley A. Walker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14543–14558, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14543-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14543-2017, 2017
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As part of the second SPARC (Stratosphere–troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate) water vapor assessment (WAVAS-II), we present measurements taken from or coincident with seven sites from which ground-based microwave instruments measure water vapor in the middle atmosphere. In the lower mesosphere, we quantify instrumental differences in the observed trends and annual variations at six sites. We then present a range of observed trends in water vapor over the past 20 years.
Stefanie Unterguggenberger, Stefan Noll, Wuhu Feng, John M. C. Plane, Wolfgang Kausch, Stefan Kimeswenger, Amy Jones, and Sabine Moehler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 4177–4187, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4177-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4177-2017, 2017
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This study focuses on the analysis of astronomical medium-resolution spectra from the VLT in Chile to measure airglow pseudo-continuum emission of FeO in the optical regime. Compared to OH or Na emissions, this emission is difficult to measure. Using 3.5 years of spectroscopic data, we found annual and semi-annual variations of the FeO emission. Furthermore, we used WACCM to determine the quantum yield of the FeO-producing Fe + O3 reaction in the atmosphere, which has not been done before.
M. P. Langowski, C. von Savigny, J. P. Burrows, W. Feng, J. M. C. Plane, D. R. Marsh, D. Janches, M. Sinnhuber, A. C. Aikin, and P. Liebing
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 273–295, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-273-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-273-2015, 2015
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Global concentration fields of Mg and Mg+ in the Earth's upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere (70-150km) are presented. These are retrieved from SCIAMACHY/Envisat satellite grating spectrometer measurements in limb viewing geometry between 2008 and 2012.
These were compared with WACCM-Mg model results and a large fraction of the available measurement results for these species, and an interpretation of the results is done. The variation of these species during NLC presence is discussed.
K. Pérot, J. Urban, and D. P. Murtagh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 8009–8015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8009-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8009-2014, 2014
M. E. Andersson, P. T. Verronen, C. J. Rodger, M. A. Clilverd, and S. Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1095–1105, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1095-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1095-2014, 2014
D. Scheiben, A. Schanz, B. Tschanz, and N. Kämpfer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6877–6886, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6877-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6877-2013, 2013
F. Friederich, T. von Clarmann, B. Funke, H. Nieder, J. Orphal, M. Sinnhuber, G. P. Stiller, and J. M. Wissing
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 2531–2539, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2531-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2531-2013, 2013
J. Correira, A. C. Aikin, J. M. Grebowsky, and J. P. Burrows
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 909–917, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-909-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-909-2010, 2010
A. G. Feofilov, A. A. Kutepov, W. D. Pesnell, R. A. Goldberg, B. T. Marshall, L. L. Gordley, M. García-Comas, M. López-Puertas, R. O. Manuilova, V. A. Yankovsky, S. V. Petelina, and J. M. Russell III
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8139–8158, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8139-2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8139-2009, 2009
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Short summary
A middle atmospheric water vapor time series of more than 11 years (April 2007 to May 2018) from the NDACC microwave remote sensing site at Bern (Switzerland) is investigated to estimate the trend by means of a robust multilinear parametric trend model. Between 61 and 72 km altitude a significant decline in water vapor could be detected. The reduction of water vapor maximizes to about −12 % per decade at 72 km altitude.
A middle atmospheric water vapor time series of more than 11 years (April 2007 to May 2018) from...
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