Articles | Volume 19, issue 22
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14009-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14009-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
21 Nov 2019
Research article |
| 21 Nov 2019
| 21 Nov 2019
Organic tracers of fine aerosol particles in central Alaska: summertime composition and sources
Dhananjay Kumar Deshmukh
Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai
487-8501, Japan
M. Mozammel Haque
Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai
487-8501, Japan
Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, School of Applied
Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,
Nanjing 210044, China
Yongwon Kim
International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska
Fairbanks, Fairbanks 99775, USA
Kimitaka Kawamura
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai
487-8501, Japan
Related authors
Md. Mozammel Haque, Kimitaka Kawamura, Dhananjay K. Deshmukh, Cao Fang, Wenhuai Song, Bao Mengying, and Yan-Lin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5147–5164, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5147-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5147-2019, 2019
Dhananjay K. Deshmukh, Kimitaka Kawamura, Manuel Lazaar, Bhagawati Kunwar, and Suresh K. R. Boreddy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5263–5282, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5263-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5263-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Size-segregated aerosols in nine size bins were collected in spring 2008 at Cape Hedo, Okinawa, in the western North Pacific Rim, and measured for diacids and related polar compounds. Oxalic acid, glyoxylic acid, and glyoxal peaked at 0.65–1.1 µm in fine mode, suggesting their secondary formation possibly in aerosol aqueous phase. Their strong correlations with liquid water content in fine mode further suggest an importance of the aqueous-phase production in Okinawa aerosols.
Takeshi Kinase, Fumikazu Taketani, Masayuki Takigawa, Chunmao Zhu, Yongwon Kim, Petr Mordovskoi, and Yugo Kanaya
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2764, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2764, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Boreal forest wildfires in interior Alaska represent an important black carbon (BC) source for the Arctic and surrounding regions. We observed BC and carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in the Poker Flat Research Range since 2016 and found a positive correlation between the observed BC/∆CO ratio and fire radiative power (FRP) observed in Alaska and Canada. Our finding suggests the BC emission factor or/and inventory could be potentially improved by using FRP.
Yuhao Cui, Eri Tachibana, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Yuzo Miyazaki
Biogeosciences, 20, 4969–4980, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4969-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4969-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Fatty alcohols (FAs) are major components of surface lipids in plant leaves and serve as surface-active aerosols. Our study on the aerosol size distributions in a forest suggests that secondary FAs (SFAs) originated from plant waxes and that leaf senescence status is likely an important factor controlling the size distribution of SFAs. This study provides new insights into the sources of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) and their effects on the aerosol ice nucleation activity.
Jingjing Meng, Yachen Wang, Yuanyuan Li, Tonglin Huang, Zhifei Wang, Yiqiu Wang, Min Chen, Zhanfang Hou, Houhua Zhou, Keding Lu, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14481–14503, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14481-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14481-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the effect of COVID-19 lockdown (LCD) measures on the formation and evolutionary process of diacids and related compounds from field observations. Results demonstrate that more aged organic aerosols are observed during the LCD due to the enhanced photochemical oxidation. Our study also found that the reactivity of 13C was higher than that of 12C in the gaseous photochemical oxidation, leading to higher δ13C values of C2 during the LCD than before the LCD.
Shujun Zhong, Shuang Chen, Junjun Deng, Yanbing Fan, Qiang Zhang, Qiaorong Xie, Yulin Qi, Wei Hu, Libin Wu, Xiaodong Li, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Jialei Zhu, Xin Wang, Di Liu, Xiaole Pan, Yele Sun, Zifa Wang, Yisheng Xu, Haijie Tong, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2061–2077, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2061-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2061-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the role of the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) loading on the molecular composition of wintertime urban aerosols by ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry. Results demonstrate that the SOA loading is an important factor associated with the oxidation degree, nitrate group content, and chemodiversity of nitrooxy–organosulfates. Our study also found that the hydrolysis of nitrooxy–organosulfates is a possible pathway for the formation of organosulfates.
Junjun Deng, Hao Ma, Xinfeng Wang, Shujun Zhong, Zhimin Zhang, Jialei Zhu, Yanbing Fan, Wei Hu, Libin Wu, Xiaodong Li, Lujie Ren, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Xiaole Pan, Yele Sun, Zifa Wang, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6449–6470, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6449-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6449-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Light-absorbing brown carbon (BrC) plays an important role in climate change and atmospheric chemistry. Here we investigated the seasonal and diurnal variations in water-soluble BrC in PM2.5 in the megacity Tianjin in coastal China. Results of the source apportionments from the combination with organic molecular compositions and optical properties of water-soluble BrC reveal a large contribution from primary bioaerosol particles to BrC in the urban atmosphere.
Yange Deng, Hiroaki Fujinari, Hikari Yai, Kojiro Shimada, Yuzo Miyazaki, Eri Tachibana, Dhananjay K. Deshmukh, Kimitaka Kawamura, Tomoki Nakayama, Shiori Tatsuta, Mingfu Cai, Hanbing Xu, Fei Li, Haobo Tan, Sho Ohata, Yutaka Kondo, Akinori Takami, Shiro Hatakeyama, and Michihiro Mochida
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5515–5533, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5515-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5515-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Offline analyses of the hygroscopicity and composition of atmospheric aerosols are complementary to online analyses in view of the applicability to broader sizes, specific compound groups, and investigations at remote sites. This offline study characterized the composition of water-soluble matter in aerosols and their humidity-dependent hygroscopicity on Okinawa, a receptor site of East Asian outflow. Further, comparison with online analyses showed the appropriateness of the offline method.
Md. Mozammel Haque, Yanlin Zhang, Srinivas Bikkina, Meehye Lee, and Kimitaka Kawamura
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1373–1393, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1373-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1373-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We attempt to understand the current state of East Asian organic aerosols with both the molecular marker approach and 14° C data of carbonaceous components. A significant positive correlation of nonfossil- and fossil-derived organic carbon with levoglucosan suggests the importance of biomass burning (BB) and coal combustion sources in the East Asian outflow. Thus, attribution of ambient levoglucosan levels over the western North Pacific to the impact of BB emission may cause large uncertainty.
Hong Ren, Wei Hu, Lianfang Wei, Siyao Yue, Jian Zhao, Linjie Li, Libin Wu, Wanyu Zhao, Lujie Ren, Mingjie Kang, Qiaorong Xie, Sihui Su, Xiaole Pan, Zifa Wang, Yele Sun, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12949–12963, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12949-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12949-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents vertical profiles of biogenic and anthropogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) in the urban boundary layer based on a 325 m tower in Beijing in late summer. The increases in the isoprene and toluene SOAs with height were found to be more related to regional transport, whereas the decrease in those from monoterpenes and sesquiterpene were more subject to local emissions. Such complicated vertical distributions of SOA should be considered in future modeling work.
Qiaorong Xie, Sihui Su, Jing Chen, Yuqing Dai, Siyao Yue, Hang Su, Haijie Tong, Wanyu Zhao, Lujie Ren, Yisheng Xu, Dong Cao, Ying Li, Yele Sun, Zifa Wang, Cong-Qiang Liu, Kimitaka Kawamura, Guibin Jiang, Yafang Cheng, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11453–11465, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11453-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11453-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the role of nighttime chemistry during Chinese New Year's Eve that enhances the formation of nitrooxy organosulfates in the aerosol phase. Results show that anthropogenic precursors, together with biogenic ones, considerably contribute to the formation of low-volatility nitrooxy OSs. Our study provides detailed molecular composition of firework-related aerosols, which gives new insights into the physicochemical properties and potential health effects of urban aerosols.
Philippe Massicotte, Rainer M. W. Amon, David Antoine, Philippe Archambault, Sergio Balzano, Simon Bélanger, Ronald Benner, Dominique Boeuf, Annick Bricaud, Flavienne Bruyant, Gwenaëlle Chaillou, Malik Chami, Bruno Charrière, Jing Chen, Hervé Claustre, Pierre Coupel, Nicole Delsaut, David Doxaran, Jens Ehn, Cédric Fichot, Marie-Hélène Forget, Pingqing Fu, Jonathan Gagnon, Nicole Garcia, Beat Gasser, Jean-François Ghiglione, Gaby Gorsky, Michel Gosselin, Priscillia Gourvil, Yves Gratton, Pascal Guillot, Hermann J. Heipieper, Serge Heussner, Stanford B. Hooker, Yannick Huot, Christian Jeanthon, Wade Jeffrey, Fabien Joux, Kimitaka Kawamura, Bruno Lansard, Edouard Leymarie, Heike Link, Connie Lovejoy, Claudie Marec, Dominique Marie, Johannie Martin, Jacobo Martín, Guillaume Massé, Atsushi Matsuoka, Vanessa McKague, Alexandre Mignot, William L. Miller, Juan-Carlos Miquel, Alfonso Mucci, Kaori Ono, Eva Ortega-Retuerta, Christos Panagiotopoulos, Tim Papakyriakou, Marc Picheral, Louis Prieur, Patrick Raimbault, Joséphine Ras, Rick A. Reynolds, André Rochon, Jean-François Rontani, Catherine Schmechtig, Sabine Schmidt, Richard Sempéré, Yuan Shen, Guisheng Song, Dariusz Stramski, Eri Tachibana, Alexandre Thirouard, Imma Tolosa, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Mickael Vaïtilingom, Daniel Vaulot, Frédéric Vaultier, John K. Volkman, Huixiang Xie, Guangming Zheng, and Marcel Babin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1561–1592, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1561-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1561-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The MALINA oceanographic expedition was conducted in the Mackenzie River and the Beaufort Sea systems. The sampling was performed across seven shelf–basin transects to capture the meridional gradient between the estuary and the open ocean. The main goal of this research program was to better understand how processes such as primary production are influencing the fate of organic matter originating from the surrounding terrestrial landscape during its transition toward the Arctic Ocean.
Santosh Kumar Verma, Kimitaka Kawamura, Fei Yang, Pingqing Fu, Yugo Kanaya, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4959–4978, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4959-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4959-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We studied aerosol samples collected in autumn 2007 with day and night intervals in a rural site of Mangshan, north of Beijing, for sugar compounds (SCs) that are abundant organic aerosol components and can influence the air quality and climate. We found higher concentrations of biomass burning (BB) products at nighttime than daytime, whereas pollen tracers and other SCs showed an opposite diurnal trend, because this site is meteorologically characterized by a mountain/valley breeze.
Wanyu Zhao, Hong Ren, Kimitaka Kawamura, Huiyun Du, Xueshun Chen, Siyao Yue, Qiaorong Xie, Lianfang Wei, Ping Li, Xin Zeng, Shaofei Kong, Yele Sun, Zifa Wang, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10331–10350, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10331-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10331-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our observations provide detailed information on the abundance and vertical distribution of dicarboxylic acids, oxoacids and α-dicarbonyls in PM2.5 collected at three heights based on a 325 m meteorological tower in Beijing in summer. Our results demonstrate that organic acids at the ground surface are largely associated with local traffic emissions, while long-range atmospheric transport followed by photochemical ageing contributes more in the urban boundary layer than the ground surface.
Jing Yang, Wanyu Zhao, Lianfang Wei, Qiang Zhang, Yue Zhao, Wei Hu, Libin Wu, Xiaodong Li, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Xiaole Pan, Yele Sun, Zifa Wang, Cong-Qiang Liu, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6841–6860, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6841-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6841-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our observations provide novel detailed information on the atmospheric abundances and spatial distributions of dicarboxylic acids, oxoacids, and α-dicarbonyls in marine aerosols collected from the South China Sea to the East Indian Ocean. Our results demonstrate that the continental outflow of both biogenic and anthropogenic precursors followed by photochemical aging is one of the main sources and formation processes of marine organic aerosols over the tropical oceanic regions.
Qiaorong Xie, Sihui Su, Shuang Chen, Yisheng Xu, Dong Cao, Jing Chen, Lujie Ren, Siyao Yue, Wanyu Zhao, Yele Sun, Zifa Wang, Haijie Tong, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Kimitaka Kawamura, Guibin Jiang, Cong-Qiang Liu, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6803–6820, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6803-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6803-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Current knowledge on firework-related organic aerosols is very limited. Here the detailed molecular composition of organics in urban aerosols was characterized using ultrahigh-resolution FT-ICR mass spectrometry. Our findings highlight that firework emission leads to a sharp increase in CHO, CHNO, and CHOS containing high-molecular-weight species, particularly aromatic-like substances, which affect the physicochemical properties such as the light absorption and health effects of urban aerosols.
Yanhong Zhu, Andreas Tilgner, Erik Hans Hoffmann, Hartmut Herrmann, Kimitaka Kawamura, Lingxiao Yang, Likun Xue, and Wenxing Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6725–6747, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6725-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6725-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The formation and processing of secondary inorganic and organic compounds at Mt. Tai, the highest mountain on the North China Plain, are modeled using a multiphase chemical model. The concentrations of key radical and non-radical oxidations in the formation processes are investigated. Sensitivity tests assess the impacts of emission data and glyoxal partitioning constants on modeled results. The key precursors of secondary organic compounds are also identified.
Ambarish Pokhrel, Kimitaka Kawamura, Bhagawati Kunwar, Kaori Ono, Akane Tsushima, Osamu Seki, Sumio Matoba, and Takayuki Shiraiwa
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 597–612, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-597-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-597-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A 180 m long (ca. 274 year) ice core was drilled in the saddle of the Aurora Peak in Alaska (63.52° N, 146.54° W; elevation: 2,825 m). The ice core samples were derived with O-bis-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide with 1 % trimethylsilyl chloride and pyridine followed by gas-chromatography–mass-spectrometry analyses. Levoglucosan, dehydroabietic acid and vanillic acid are reported for the first time from the alpine glacier to better understand historical biomass burning.
Yanbing Fan, Cong-Qiang Liu, Linjie Li, Lujie Ren, Hong Ren, Zhimin Zhang, Qinkai Li, Shuang Wang, Wei Hu, Junjun Deng, Libin Wu, Shujun Zhong, Yue Zhao, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Xiaodong Li, Xiaole Pan, Yele Sun, Zifa Wang, Kimitaka Kawamura, Zongbo Shi, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 117–137, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-117-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-117-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides useful knowledge on the abundance, sources, and formation processes of organic aerosols in the coastal megacity of Tianjin, North China, based on the investigation of the molecular composition, diurnal variation, and winter/summer differences under the influence of land/sea breezes and the Asian summer monsoon.
Xiaoyan Liu, Yan-Lin Zhang, Yiran Peng, Lulu Xu, Chunmao Zhu, Fang Cao, Xiaoyao Zhai, M. Mozammel Haque, Chi Yang, Yunhua Chang, Tong Huang, Zufei Xu, Mengying Bao, Wenqi Zhang, Meiyi Fan, and Xuhui Lee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11213–11233, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11213-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11213-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Although a total ban on straw burning has been enforced in eastern China, the regionally transported biomass burning emissions remarkably impacted the chemical and optical properties of carbonaceous aerosols in Nanjing, which were quantified by a calculation based on measured data and a simulation based on a model. Results showed that regionally transported biomass burning emissions significantly contributed to the carbonaceous aerosols and impacted the solar radiation balance of the atmosphere.
Md. Mozammel Haque, Kimitaka Kawamura, Dhananjay K. Deshmukh, Cao Fang, Wenhuai Song, Bao Mengying, and Yan-Lin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5147–5164, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5147-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5147-2019, 2019
Yongwon Kim, Sang-Jong Park, and Bang-Yong Lee
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-121, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-121, 2019
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Sphagnum moss habitats store large amounts of carbon, which helps reduce thermal insulative capacity and the preservation of permafrost in Subarctic and Arctic. However, airborne infected crustose lichen (Ochrolecia frigida) causes the withering to death of sphagnum in permafrost regions. Soil CO2 efflux in crustose lichen was higher than in healthy sphagnum. This demonstrates that higher soil temperature and lower moisture in crustose lichen patches are attributed to enhanced soil CO2 emission.
Petr Vodička, Kimitaka Kawamura, Jaroslav Schwarz, Bhagawati Kunwar, and Vladimír Ždímal
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3463–3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3463-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3463-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions in the PM1 atmospheric aerosol provide partial insight into the possible sources of aerosol at a Central European rural background station but mainly offers a deeper insight into the physical and chemical processes taking place between the gas phase and particulate matter. These processes are probably valid in general (not only at this site), especially for nitrogen compounds.
Xin Wan, Shichang Kang, Maheswar Rupakheti, Qianggong Zhang, Lekhendra Tripathee, Junming Guo, Pengfei Chen, Dipesh Rupakheti, Arnico K. Panday, Mark G. Lawrence, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Zhiyuan Cong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 2725–2747, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2725-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2725-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The sources of primary and secondary aerosols in the Hindu Kush–Himalayan–Tibetan Plateau region are not well known. Organic molecular tracers are useful for aerosol source apportionment. The characterization of molecular tracers were first systemically investigated and the contribution from primary and secondary sources to carbonaceous aerosols was estimated in the Kathmandu Valley. Our results demonstrate that biomass burning contributed a significant fraction to OC in the Kathmandu Valley.
Tomoki Mochizuki, Kimitaka Kawamura, Yuzo Miyazaki, Bhagawati Kunwar, and Suresh Kumar Reddy Boreddy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 2421–2432, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2421-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2421-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Monocarboxylic acids (MCAs) in gases and particles were measured in deciduous forest. Formic acid in the gas phase and isopentanoic acid in the particle phase were dominant MCAs. Gaseous normal monoacids showed positive correlations with isobutyric acid. Particulate isopentanoic acid showed a positive correlation with lactic acid. The florest floor with soil microbes contributes to emission of MCAs. Our results may be useful to improve understanding of organic aerosol formation in the forest.
Mingjie Kang, Pingqing Fu, Kimitaka Kawamura, Fan Yang, Hongliang Zhang, Zhengchen Zang, Hong Ren, Lujie Ren, Ye Zhao, Yele Sun, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13947–13967, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13947-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13947-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Molecular characterization and spatial distribution of biogenic primary organic aerosol (POA) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in the marine atmosphere are not well known. Here, we analysed the organic molecular composition of marine aerosols collected during a marine cruise in the East China Sea during May–June 2014. Our results suggest that the Asian continent can be a natural emitter of biogenic POA and SOA, which can be transported to the downwind marine atmosphere.
Yanhong Zhu, Lingxiao Yang, Jianmin Chen, Kimitaka Kawamura, Mamiko Sato, Andreas Tilgner, Dominik van Pinxteren, Ying Chen, Likun Xue, Xinfeng Wang, Isobel J. Simpson, Hartmut Herrmann, Donald R. Blake, and Wenxing Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 10741–10758, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10741-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10741-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Molecular distributions of dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls in the free troposphere are identified, and their concentration variations between 2014 and 2006 are presented. High nighttime concentrations were probably due to precursor emissions and aqueous-phase oxidation. Biomass burning was significant, but its tracer levoglucosan in 2014 was 5 times lower than 2006 concentrations. Finally, regional emission from anthropogenic activities was identified as a major source.
Wanyu Zhao, Kimitaka Kawamura, Siyao Yue, Lianfang Wei, Hong Ren, Yu Yan, Mingjie Kang, Linjie Li, Lujie Ren, Senchao Lai, Jie Li, Yele Sun, Zifa Wang, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 2749–2767, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2749-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2749-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we investigate the seasonal trends in concentrations and compound-specific stable carbon isotope ratios of low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids (C2–C12) and related compounds in fine aerosols (PM2.5) in Beijing. Our study demonstrates that, in addition to the production via photo-oxidation, high abundances of diacids and related compounds in Beijing are largely associated with anthropogenic primary emissions such as biomass burning, fossil fuel combustion and plastic burning.
Suresh K. R. Boreddy, M. Mozammel Haque, and Kimitaka Kawamura
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 1291–1306, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1291-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1291-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
To better understand the impact of long-range atmospheric transport of East Asian pollutants over the western North Pacific, we conducted a long-term (2001–12) study on carbonaceous aerosols over the WNP, which demonstrates that the photochemical formation of WSOC and its contributions to SOA have increased over the western North Pacific via long-range atmospheric transport. Biomass-burning-derived carbonaceous aerosols have increased, while primary fossil-fuel-derived aerosols have decreased.
Santosh Kumar Verma, Kimitaka Kawamura, Jing Chen, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 81–101, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-81-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-81-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
East Asia has experienced rapid economic development in the last several decades, of which activities emit bioaerosols. The atmospheric particles are transported to downwind regions in the Pacific. To understand the atmospheric transport of bioaerosols, we conducted long-term observations of sugar components over Chichijima Island from 2001 to 2013. We found that atmospheric circulations significantly affect the seasonal variation of bioaerosol distributions over the western North Pacific.
Xin Wan, Shichang Kang, Quanlian Li, Dipesh Rupakheti, Qianggong Zhang, Junming Guo, Pengfei Chen, Lekhendra Tripathee, Maheswar Rupakheti, Arnico K. Panday, Wu Wang, Kimitaka Kawamura, Shaopeng Gao, Guangming Wu, and Zhiyuan Cong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8867–8885, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8867-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8867-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Biomass burning (BB) tracers in the aerosols in Lumbini, northern IGP, were studied for the first time. The levoglucosan was the predominant tracer and BB significantly contributed to the air quality in Lumbini. Mixed crop residues and hardwood were main burning materials. BB emissions constituted large fraction of OC, especially during the post-monsoon season. The sources of BB aerosols in Lumbini varies seasonally due to the influence of local emissions and long-range transport.
Tomoki Mochizuki, Kimitaka Kawamura, Kazuma Aoki, and Nobuo Sugimoto
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14621–14633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14621-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14621-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
High abundances of formic and acetic acids in the snow pit samples (6 m in depth) collected at a snowfield site near Mt. Tateyama, central Japan. Formic and acetic acids are highly abundant in the snow, with dust layers in which Ca was enriched. We propose that alkaline metals in Asian dusts largely titrate gaseous organic acids during long-range atmospheric transport.
Yuzo Miyazaki, Sean Coburn, Kaori Ono, David T. Ho, R. Bradley Pierce, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Rainer Volkamer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 7695–7707, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7695-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7695-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted a WSOC-specific 13C analysis of submicron marine aerosols over the eastern equatorial Pacific for the first time. The analysis of 13C combined with monosaccharides provides evidence of a significant contribution of marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to submicron particles in the MBL regardless of the oceanic area. The study demonstrates that DOC is closely correlated with the submicron WSOC and implies that it may characterize background OA in the MBL over the study region.
Chunmao Zhu, Kimitaka Kawamura, Yasuro Fukuda, Michihiro Mochida, and Yoko Iwamoto
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 7497–7506, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7497-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7497-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We collected aerosol samples in a midlatitude forest in Wakayama, Japan and analyzed the organic tracers of various sources. We found that compounds originating from fungal spores contributed significantly to total organic aerosol mass. On the other hand, those from oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds, although they could not be ignored, had relatively smaller mass fractions.
Yan-Lin Zhang, Kimitaka Kawamura, Ping Qing Fu, Suresh K. R. Boreddy, Tomomi Watanabe, Shiro Hatakeyama, Akinori Takami, and Wei Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 6407–6419, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6407-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6407-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Here, based on three aircraft measurements over East Asia, we demonstrate an aqueous-phase mechanism for enhanced SOA production in the troposphere following correlation analysis of oxalic acid in tropospheric aerosols with other measured chemical variables including its precursors and its intermediate as well as biogenic-derived SOA from isoprene, monoterpenes and β-caryophyllene.
Dhananjay K. Deshmukh, Kimitaka Kawamura, Manuel Lazaar, Bhagawati Kunwar, and Suresh K. R. Boreddy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5263–5282, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5263-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5263-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Size-segregated aerosols in nine size bins were collected in spring 2008 at Cape Hedo, Okinawa, in the western North Pacific Rim, and measured for diacids and related polar compounds. Oxalic acid, glyoxylic acid, and glyoxal peaked at 0.65–1.1 µm in fine mode, suggesting their secondary formation possibly in aerosol aqueous phase. Their strong correlations with liquid water content in fine mode further suggest an importance of the aqueous-phase production in Okinawa aerosols.
S. Kundu, K. Kawamura, M. Kobayashi, E. Tachibana, M. Lee, P. Q. Fu, and J. Jung
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 585–596, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-585-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-585-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Chemistry-transport models have predicted a change in secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in the future atmosphere with a large uncertainty. This study measures diacids, major water-soluble surrogates of SOA, on a sub-decadal scale in atmospheric aerosols in eastern Asia. Diacids are observed to increase by 3.9–47.4 % per year. The increases in the water-soluble organic acid fraction could modify the aerosol organic composition and its sensitivity to climate-relevant physical properties.
P. Tyagi, S. Yamamoto, and K. Kawamura
Biogeosciences, 12, 7071–7080, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7071-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7071-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Our manuscript represents the first field-based data set on the abundances of hydroxy fatty acids (FAs) in fresh snow and its filtering capacity to reduce hydroxy FA burden on the atmosphere.
•Hydroxy fatty acids (FAs) in snow indicate a contribution from soil microbes and higher plants.
•Air mass back trajectories reveal their transport from Russia, Siberia and China.
We conducted the present study to better understand the impact of aeolian transport on bacteria & their filtering by snow.
T. Mochizuki, Y. Miyazaki, K. Ono, R. Wada, Y. Takahashi, N. Saigusa, K. Kawamura, and A. Tani
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 12029–12041, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12029-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12029-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Simultaneous measurements of concentrations and above-canopy fluxes of isoprene and α-pinene in a forest, along with their oxidation products in aerosols, suggest that the inflow of anthropogenic precursors/aerosols enhanced the formation of both isoprene- and α-pinene-derived secondary organic aerosol (SOA) within the forest canopy even when the flux was low. We also emphasize the role of vegetation/soils near the forest floor as important sources of isoprene and α-pinene in the forest.
C. M. Pavuluri, K. Kawamura, and P. Q. Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9883–9896, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9883-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9883-2015, 2015
C. M. Pavuluri, K. Kawamura, N. Mihalopoulos, and T. Swaminathan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7999–8012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7999-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7999-2015, 2015
S. K. R. Boreddy and K. Kawamura
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6437–6453, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6437-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6437-2015, 2015
K. F. Ho, R.-J. Huang, K. Kawamura, E. Tachibana, S. C. Lee, S. S. H. Ho, T. Zhu, and L. Tian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3111–3123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3111-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3111-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The objective of this study is to identify the influence of traffic emissions and regional transport to the atmosphere in Beijing during the CAREBeijing-2007 in summer. This study demonstrates that even when primary exhaust was controlled by traffic restrictions, the contribution of secondary organic species formed from photochemical processes was critical with long-range atmospheric transport of pollutants.
C. Zhu, K. Kawamura, and B. Kunwar
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1959–1973, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1959-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1959-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Using levoglucosan as a biomass burning tracer, influence of biomass burning on the air quality of Okinawa Island in the western North Pacific Rim was evaluated. High levels of levoglucosan were found in the atmospheric aerosols during winter probably due to the open burning and domestic heating and cooking in north/northeast China, Mongolia and Russia, together with enhanced continental outflow.
Z. Cong, S. Kang, K. Kawamura, B. Liu, X. Wan, Z. Wang, S. Gao, and P. Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1573–1584, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1573-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1573-2015, 2015
Y. Kim
Biogeosciences, 11, 6539–6552, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6539-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6539-2014, 2014
Y. Kim, K. Nishina, N. Chae, S. J. Park, Y. J. Yoon, and B. Y. Lee
Biogeosciences, 11, 5567–5579, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5567-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5567-2014, 2014
Y. Miyazaki, M. Sawano, and K. Kawamura
Biogeosciences, 11, 4407–4414, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4407-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4407-2014, 2014
J. Jung and K. Kawamura
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7519–7531, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7519-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7519-2014, 2014
P. Q. Fu, K. Kawamura, Y. F. Cheng, S. Hatakeyama, A. Takami, H. Li, and W. Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 4185–4199, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4185-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4185-2014, 2014
B. Kunwar and K. Kawamura
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1819–1836, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1819-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1819-2014, 2014
S. L. Mkoma, K. Kawamura, and P. Q. Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10325–10338, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10325-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10325-2013, 2013
Y. Kanaya, H. Akimoto, Z.-F. Wang, P. Pochanart, K. Kawamura, Y. Liu, J. Li, Y. Komazaki, H. Irie, X.-L. Pan, F. Taketani, K. Yamaji, H. Tanimoto, S. Inomata, S. Kato, J. Suthawaree, K. Okuzawa, G. Wang, S. G. Aggarwal, P. Q. Fu, T. Wang, J. Gao, Y. Wang, and G. Zhuang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8265–8283, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8265-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8265-2013, 2013
K. Kawamura, E. Tachibana, K. Okuzawa, S. G. Aggarwal, Y. Kanaya, and Z. F. Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8285–8302, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8285-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8285-2013, 2013
N. He, K. Kawamura, K. Okuzawa, Y. Kanaya, and Z. F. Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-16699-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-16699-2013, 2013
Revised manuscript not accepted
K. Kawamura, K. Okuzawa, S. G. Aggarwal, H. Irie, Y. Kanaya, and Z. Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5369–5380, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5369-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5369-2013, 2013
C. M. Pavuluri, K. Kawamura, N. Mihalopoulos, and P. Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-6589-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-6589-2013, 2013
Revised manuscript not accepted
S. L. Mkoma and K. Kawamura
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 2235–2251, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2235-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2235-2013, 2013
P. Q. Fu, K. Kawamura, J. Chen, B. Charrière, and R. Sempéré
Biogeosciences, 10, 653–667, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-653-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-653-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Exploring the sources of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols by integrating observational and modeling results: insights from Northeast China
Measurement report: Characteristics of airborne black-carbon-containing particles during the 2021 summer COVID-19 lockdown in a typical Yangtze River Delta city, China
Aerosol optical properties within the atmospheric boundary layer predicted from ground-based observations compared to Raman lidar retrievals during RITA-2021
Hygroscopic growth and activation changed submicron aerosol composition and properties in the North China Plain
Measurement report: Formation of tropospheric brown carbon in a lifting air mass
Vertical variability of aerosol properties and trace gases over a remote marine region: a case study over Bermuda
Differences in aerosol and cloud properties along the central California coast when winds change from northerly to southerly
International airport emissions and their impact on local air quality: chemical speciation of ambient aerosols at Madrid–Barajas Airport during the AVIATOR campaign
The local ship speed reduction effect on black carbon emissions measured at a remote marine station
High-altitude aerosol chemical characterization and source identification: insights from the CALISHTO campaign
Measurement report: Impact of emission control measures on environmental persistent free radicals and reactive oxygen species – a short-term case study in Beijing
Characterizing water solubility of fresh and aged secondary organic aerosol in PM2.5 with the stable carbon isotope technique
Measurement report: Impact of cloud processes on secondary organic aerosols at a forested mountain site in southeastern China
Critical contribution of chemically diverse carbonyl molecules to the oxidative potential of atmospheric aerosols
Measurement report: Vanadium-containing ship exhaust particles detected in and above the marine boundary layer in the remote atmosphere
Diverging trends in aerosol sulfate and nitrate measured in the remote North Atlantic in Barbados are attributed to clean air policies, African smoke, and anthropogenic emissions
Diverse sources and aging change the mixing state and ice nucleation properties of aerosol particles over the western Pacific and Southern Ocean
The water-insoluble organic carbon in PM2.5 of typical Chinese urban areas: light-absorbing properties, potential sources, radiative forcing effects, and a possible light-absorbing continuum
Measurement report: Size-resolved secondary organic aerosol formation modulated by aerosol water uptake in wintertime haze
In situ measurement of organic aerosol molecular markers in urban Hong Kong during a summer period: temporal variations and source apportionment
Technical note: Determining chemical composition of atmospheric single particles by a standard-free mass calibration algorithm
Different formation pathways of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in aerosols and fog water in northern China
Automated compound speciation, cluster analysis, and quantification of organic vapours and aerosols using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
Atmospheric evolution of environmentally persistent free radicals in rural North China Plain: insights into water solubility and effects on PM2.5 oxidative potential
Impact of weather patterns and meteorological factors on PM2.5 and O3 responses to the COVID-19 lockdown in China
Daytime and nighttime aerosol soluble iron formation in clean and slightly polluted moist air in a coastal city in eastern China
Non-negligible secondary contribution to brown carbon in autumn and winter: inspiration from particulate nitrated and oxygenated aromatic compounds in urban Beijing
Simultaneous organic aerosol source apportionment at two Antarctic sites reveals large-scale and ecoregion-specific components
Two distinct ship emission profiles for organic-sulfate source apportionment of PM in sulfur emission control areas
Measurement report: Optical characterization, seasonality, and sources of brown carbon in fine aerosols from Tianjin, North China: year-round observations
Bayesian inference-based estimation of hourly primary and secondary organic carbon in suburban Hong Kong: multi-temporal-scale variations and evolution characteristics during PM2.5 episodes
Primary and secondary emissions from a modern fleet of city buses
Dominant Influence of Biomass Combustion and Cross-Border Transport on Nitrogen-Containing Organic Compound Levels in the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Measurement report: Characteristics of aminiums in PM2.5 during winter clean and polluted episodes in China: aminium outbreak and its constraint
Assessing the influence of long-range transport of aerosols on the PM2.5 chemical composition and concentration in the Aburrá Valley
Bridging Gas and Aerosol Properties between Northeast U.S. and Bermuda: Analysis of Eight Transit Flights
Measurement report: Characteristics of nitrogen-containing organics in PM2.5 in Ürümqi, northwestern China – differential impacts of combustion of fresh and aged biomass materials
Measurement report: Bio-physicochemistry of tropical clouds at Maïdo (Réunion, Indian Ocean): overview of results from the BIO-MAÏDO campaign
Impacts of elevated anthropogenic emissions on physicochemical characteristics of BC-containing particles over the Tibetan Plateau
Chemical properties and single-particle mixing state of soot aerosol in Houston during the TRACER campaign
The behaviour of charged particles (ions) during new particle formation events in urban Leipzig (Germany)
Measurement report: Evaluation of the TOF-ACSM-CV for PM1.0 and PM2.5 measurements during the RITA-2021 field campaign
Sea salt reactivity over the northwest Atlantic: an in-depth look using the airborne ACTIVATE dataset
Measurement report: Atmospheric ice nuclei in the Changbai Mountains (2623 m a.s.l.) in northeastern Asia
Morphological and optical properties of carbonaceous aerosol particles from ship emissions and biomass burning during a summer cruise measurement in the South China Sea
Tropical tropospheric aerosol sources and chemical composition observed at high altitude in the Bolivian Andes
Chemical composition, sources and formation mechanism of urban PM2.5 in Southwest China: a case study at the beginning of 2023
Chemical characterization of atmospheric aerosols at a high-altitude mountain site: a study of source apportionment
Composition and sources of carbonaceous aerosol in the European Arctic at Zeppelin Observatory, Svalbard (2017 to 2020)
Variation in chemical composition and volatility of oxygenated organic aerosol in different rural, urban, and mountain environments
Yuan Cheng, Xu-bing Cao, Sheng-qiang Zhu, Zhi-qing Zhang, Jiu-meng Liu, Hong-liang Zhang, Qiang Zhang, and Ke-bin He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9869–9883, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9869-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9869-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The agreement between observational and modeling results is essential for the development of efficient air pollution control strategies. Here we constrained the modeling results of carbonaceous aerosols by field observation in Northeast China, a historically overlooked but recently targeted region of national clean-air actions. Our study suggested that the simulation of agricultural fire emissions and secondary organic aerosols remains challenging.
Yuan Dai, Junfeng Wang, Houjun Wang, Shijie Cui, Yunjiang Zhang, Haiwei Li, Yun Wu, Ming Wang, Eleonora Aruffo, and Xinlei Ge
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9733–9748, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9733-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9733-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Short-term strict emission control can improve air quality, but its effectiveness needs assessment. During the 2021 summer COVID-19 lockdown in Yangzhou, we found that PM2.5 levels did not decrease despite reduced primary emissions. Aged black-carbon particles increased substantially due to higher O3 levels and transported pollutants. High humidity and low wind also played key roles. The results highlight the importance of a regionally balanced control strategy for future air quality management.
Xinya Liu, Diego Alves Gouveia, Bas Henzing, Arnoud Apituley, Arjan Hensen, Danielle van Dinther, Rujin Huang, and Ulrike Dusek
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9597–9614, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9597-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9597-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The vertical distribution of aerosol optical properties is important for their effect on climate. This is usually measured by lidar, which has limitations, most notably the assumption of a lidar ratio. Our study shows that routine surface-level aerosol measurements are able to predict this lidar ratio reasonably well within the lower layers of the atmosphere and thus provide a relatively simple and cost-effective method to improve lidar measurements.
Weiqi Xu, Ye Kuang, Wanyun Xu, Zhiqiang Zhang, Biao Luo, Xiaoyi Zhang, Jiangchuang Tao, Hongqin Qiao, Li Liu, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9387–9399, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9387-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9387-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We deployed an advanced aerosol–fog sampling system at a rural site in the North China Plain to investigate impacts of aerosol hygroscopic growth and activation on the physicochemical properties of submicron aerosols. Observed results highlighted remarkably different aqueous processing of primary and secondary submicron aerosol components under distinct ambient relative humidity (RH) conditions and that RH levels significantly impact aerosol sampling through the aerosol swelling effect.
Can Wu, Xiaodi Liu, Ke Zhang, Si Zhang, Cong Cao, Jianjun Li, Rui Li, Fan Zhang, and Gehui Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9263–9275, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9263-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9263-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Brown carbon (BrC) is prevalent in the troposphere and can efficiently absorb solar and terrestrial radiation. Our observations show that the enhanced light absorption of BrC relative to black carbon at the tropopause can be attributed to the formation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds through the aqueous-phase reactions of carbonyls with ammonium.
Taiwo Ajayi, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, Johnathan W. Hair, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Chris A. Hostetler, Simon Kirschler, Richard H. Moore, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Cassidy Soloff, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9197–9218, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9197-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9197-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses airborne data to examine vertical profiles of trace gases, aerosol particles, and meteorological variables over a remote marine area (Bermuda). Results show distinct differences based on both air mass source region (North America, Ocean, Caribbean/North Africa) and altitude for a given air mass type. This work highlights the sensitivity of remote marine areas to long-range transport and the importance of considering the vertical dependence of trace gas and aerosol properties.
Kira Zeider, Grace Betito, Anthony Bucholtz, Peng Xian, Annette Walker, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9059–9083, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9059-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9059-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The predominant wind direction along the California coast (northerly) reverses several times during the summer (to southerly). The effects of these wind reversals on aerosol and cloud characteristics are not well understood. Using data from multiple datasets we found that southerly flow periods had enhanced signatures of anthropogenic emissions due to shipping and continental sources, and clouds had more but smaller droplets.
Saleh Alzahrani, Doğuşhan Kılıç, Michael Flynn, Paul I. Williams, and James Allan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9045–9058, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9045-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9045-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates emissions from aviation activities at an international airport to evaluate their impact on local air quality. The study provides detailed insights into the chemical composition of aerosols and key pollutants in the airport environment. Source apportionment analysis using positive matrix factorisation (PMF) identified three significant sources: less oxidised oxygenated organic aerosol, alkane organic aerosol, and more oxidised oxygenated organic aerosol.
Mikko Heikkilä, Krista Luoma, Timo Mäkelä, and Tiia Grönholm
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8927–8941, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8927-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8927-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) concentration was measured from 211 ship exhaust gas plumes at a remote marine station. Emission factors of BC were calculated in grams per kilogram of fuel. Ships with an exhaust gas cleaning system (EGCS) were found to have median BC emissions per fuel consumed 5 times lower than ships without an EGCS. However, this might be because of non-EGCS ships running at low engine loads rather than the EGCS itself. A local speed restriction would increase BC emissions of ships.
Olga Zografou, Maria Gini, Prodromos Fetfatzis, Konstantinos Granakis, Romanos Foskinis, Manousos Ioannis Manousakas, Fotios Tsopelas, Evangelia Diapouli, Eleni Dovrou, Christina N. Vasilakopoulou, Alexandros Papayannis, Spyros N. Pandis, Athanasios Nenes, and Konstantinos Eleftheriadis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8911–8926, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8911-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8911-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Characterization of PM1 and positive matrix factorization (PMF) source apportionment of organic and inorganic fractions were conducted at the high-altitude station (HAC)2. Cloud presence reduced PM1, affecting sulfate more than organics. Free-troposphere (FT) conditions showed more black carbon (eBC) than planetary boundary layer (PBL) conditions.
Yuanyuan Qin, Xinghua Zhang, Wei Huang, Juanjuan Qin, Xiaoyu Hu, Yuxuan Cao, Tianyi Zhao, Yang Zhang, Jihua Tan, Ziyin Zhang, Xinming Wang, and Zhenzhen Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8737–8750, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8737-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8737-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Environmental persistent free radicals (EPFRs) and reactive oxygen species (ROSs) play an active role in the atmosphere. Despite control measures having effectively reduced their emissions, reductions were less than in PM2.5. Emission control measures performed well in achieving Parade Blue, but reducing the impact of the atmosphere on human health remains challenging. Thus, there is a need to reassess emission control measures to better address the challenges posed by EPFRs and ROSs.
Fenghua Wei, Xing Peng, Liming Cao, Mengxue Tang, Ning Feng, Xiaofeng Huang, and Lingyan He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8507–8518, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8507-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8507-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The water solubility of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) is a crucial factor in determining their hygroscopicity and climatic impact. Stable carbon isotope and mass spectrometry techniques were combined to assess the water solubility of SOAs with different aging degrees in a coastal megacity in China. This work revealed a much higher water-soluble fraction of aged SOA compared to fresh SOA, indicating that the aging degree of SOA has considerable impacts on its water solubility.
Zijun Zhang, Weiqi Xu, Yi Zhang, Wei Zhou, Xiangyu Xu, Aodong Du, Yinzhou Zhang, Hongqin Qiao, Ye Kuang, Xiaole Pan, Zifa Wang, Xueling Cheng, Lanzhong Liu, Qingyan Fu, Douglas R. Worsnop, Jie Li, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8473–8488, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8473-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8473-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated aerosol composition and sources and the interaction between secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and clouds at a regional mountain site in southeastern China. Clouds efficiently scavenge more oxidized SOA; however, cloud evaporation leads to the production of less oxidized SOA. The unexpectedly high presence of nitrate in aerosol particles indicates that nitrate formed in polluted areas has undergone interactions with clouds, significantly influencing the regional background site.
Feifei Li, Shanshan Tang, Jitao Lv, Shiyang Yu, Xu Sun, Dong Cao, Yawei Wang, and Guibin Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8397–8411, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8397-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8397-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Targeted derivatization and non-targeted analysis with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) were used to reveal the molecular composition of carbonyl molecules in PM2.5, and the important role of carbonyls in increasing the oxidative potential of organic aerosol was found in real samples.
Maya Abou-Ghanem, Daniel M. Murphy, Gregory P. Schill, Michael J. Lawler, and Karl D. Froyd
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8263–8275, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8263-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8263-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using particle analysis by laser mass spectrometry, we examine vanadium-containing ship exhaust particles measured on NASA's DC-8 during the Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom). Our results reveal ship exhaust particles are sufficiently widespread in the marine atmosphere and experience atmospheric aging. Finally, we use laboratory calibrations to determine the vanadium, sulfate, and organic single-particle mass fractions of vanadium-containing ship exhaust particles.
Cassandra J. Gaston, Joseph M. Prospero, Kristen Foley, Havala O. T. Pye, Lillian Custals, Edmund Blades, Peter Sealy, and James A. Christie
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8049–8066, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8049-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8049-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To understand how changing emissions have impacted aerosols in remote regions, we measured nitrate and sulfate in Barbados and compared them to model predictions from EPA’s Air QUAlity TimE Series (EQUATES). Nitrate was stable, except for spikes in 2008 and 2010 due to transported smoke. Sulfate decreased in the 1990s due to reductions in sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the US and Europe; then it increased in the 2000s, likely due to anthropogenic emissions from Africa.
Jiao Xue, Tian Zhang, Keyhong Park, Jinpei Yan, Young Jun Yoon, Jiyeon Park, and Bingbing Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7731–7754, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7731-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7731-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ice formation by particles is an important way of making mixed-phase and ice clouds. We found that particles collected in the marine atmosphere exhibit diverse ice nucleation abilities and mixing states. Sea salt mixed-sulfate particles were enriched in ice-nucleating particles. Selective aging on sea salt particles made particle populations more externally mixed. Characterizations of particles and their mixing state are needed for a better understanding of aerosol–cloud interactions.
Yangzhi Mo, Jun Li, Guangcai Zhong, Sanyuan Zhu, Shizhen Zhao, Jiao Tang, Hongxing Jiang, Zhineng Cheng, Chongguo Tian, Yingjun Chen, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7755–7772, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7755-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7755-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we found that biomass burning (31.0 %) and coal combustion (31.1 %) were the dominant sources of water-insoluble organic carbon in China, with coal combustion sources exhibiting the strongest light-absorbing capacity. Additionally, we propose a light-absorbing carbonaceous continuum, revealing that components enriched with fossil sources tend to have stronger light-absorbing capacity, higher aromaticity, higher molecular weights, and greater recalcitrance in the atmosphere.
Jing Duan, Ru-Jin Huang, Ying Wang, Wei Xu, Haobin Zhong, Chunshui Lin, Wei Huang, Yifang Gu, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Darius Ceburnis, and Colin O'Dowd
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7687–7698, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7687-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7687-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical composition of atmospheric particles has shown significant changes in recent years. We investigated the potential effects of changes in inorganics on aerosol water uptake and, thus, secondary organic aerosol formation in wintertime haze based on the size-resolved measurements of non-refractory fine particulate matter (NR-PM2.5) in Xi’an, northwestern China. We highlight the key role of aerosol water as a medium to link inorganics and organics in their multiphase processes.
Hongyong Li, Xiaopu Lyu, Likun Xue, Yunxi Huo, Dawen Yao, Haoxian Lu, and Hai Guo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7085–7100, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7085-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7085-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Organic aerosol is ubiquitous in the atmosphere and largely explains the gap between current levels of fine particulate matter in many cities and the World Health Organization guideline values. This study highlights the dominant contributions of cooking emissions to organic aerosol when marine air prevailed in Hong Kong, which were occasionally overwhelmed by aromatics-derived secondary organic aerosol in continental ouflows.
Shao Shi, Jinghao Zhai, Xin Yang, Yechun Ruan, Yuanlong Huang, Xujian Chen, Antai Zhang, Jianhuai Ye, Guomao Zheng, Baohua Cai, Yaling Zeng, Yixiang Wang, Chunbo Xing, Yujie Zhang, Tzung-May Fu, Lei Zhu, Huizhong Shen, and Chen Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7001–7012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7001-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7001-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The determination of ions in the mass spectra of individual particles remains uncertain. We have developed a standard-free mass calibration algorithm applicable to more than 98 % of ambient particles. With our algorithm, ions with ~ 0.05 Th mass difference could be determined. Therefore, many more atmospheric species could be determined and involved in the source apportionment of aerosols, the study of chemical reaction mechanisms, and the analysis of single-particle mixing states.
Wei Sun, Xiaodong Hu, Yuzhen Fu, Guohua Zhang, Yujiao Zhu, Xinfeng Wang, Caiqing Yan, Likun Xue, He Meng, Bin Jiang, Yuhong Liao, Xinming Wang, Ping'an Peng, and Xinhui Bi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6987–6999, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6987-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6987-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The formation pathways of nitrogen-containing compounds (NOCs) in the atmosphere remain unclear. We investigated the composition of aerosols and fog water by state-of-the-art mass spectrometry and compared the formation pathways of NOCs. We found that NOCs in aerosols were mainly formed through nitration reaction, while ammonia addition played a more important role in fog water. The results deepen our understanding of the processes of organic particulate pollution.
Xiao He, Xuan Zheng, Shuwen Guo, Lewei Zeng, Ting Chen, Bohan Yang, Shupei Xiao, Qiongqiong Wang, Zhiyuan Li, Yan You, Shaojun Zhang, and Ye Wu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1671, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1671, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces an innovative method for identifying and quantifying complex organic vapors and aerosols. By combining advanced analytical techniques and new algorithms, we categorized thousands of compounds from heavy-duty diesel vehicles and ambient air and highlighted specific tracers for emission sources. The innovative approach enhances peak identification, reduces quantification uncertainties, and offers new insights for air quality management and atmospheric chemistry.
Xu Yang, Fobang Liu, Shuqi Yang, Yuling Yang, Yanan Wang, Jingjing Li, Mingyu Zhao, Zhao Wang, Kai Wang, Chi He, and Haijie Tong
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1622, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1622, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A study in rural North China Plain revealed Environmental persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in atmospheric particulate matter (PM), with a notable water-soluble fraction likely from atmospheric oxidation during transport. Significant positive correlations between EPFRs and the water-soluble oxidative potential of PM2.5 were found, primarily attributable to the water-soluble fractions of EPFRs. These findings emphasize understanding EPFRs’ atmospheric evolution for climate and health impacts.
Fuzhen Shen, Michaela I. Hegglin, and Yue Yuan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6539–6553, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6539-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6539-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We attempt to use a novel structural self-organising map and machine learning models to identify a weather system and quantify the importance of each meteorological factor in driving the unexpected PM2.5 and O3 changes under the specific weather system during the COVID-19 lockdown in China. The result highlights that temperature under the double-centre high-pressure system plays the most crucial role in abnormal events.
Wenshuai Li, Yuxuan Qi, Yingchen Liu, Guanru Wu, Yanjing Zhang, Jinhui Shi, Wenjun Qu, Lifang Sheng, Wencai Wang, Daizhou Zhang, and Yang Zhou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6495–6508, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6495-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6495-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles from mainland can transport to oceans and deposit, providing soluble Fe and affecting phytoplankton growth. Thus, we studied the dissolution process of aerosol Fe and found that photochemistry played a key role in promoting Fe dissolution in clean conditions. RH-dependent reactions were more influential in slightly polluted conditions. These results highlight the distinct roles of two weather-related parameters (radiation and RH) in influencing geochemical cycles related to Fe.
Yanqin Ren, Zhenhai Wu, Yuanyuan Ji, Fang Bi, Junling Li, Haijie Zhang, Hao Zhang, Hong Li, and Gehui Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6525–6538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6525-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6525-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrated aromatic compounds (NACs) and oxygenated derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) in PM2.5 were examined from an urban area in Beijing during the autumn and winter. The OPAH and NAC concentrations were much higher during heating than before heating. They majorly originated from the combustion of biomass and automobile emissions, and the secondary generation was the major contributor throughout the whole sampling period.
Marco Paglione, David C. S. Beddows, Anna Jones, Thomas Lachlan-Cope, Matteo Rinaldi, Stefano Decesari, Francesco Manarini, Mara Russo, Karam Mansour, Roy M. Harrison, Andrea Mazzanti, Emilio Tagliavini, and Manuel Dall'Osto
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6305–6322, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6305-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6305-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Applying factor analysis techniques to H-NMR spectra, we present the organic aerosol (OA) source apportionment of PM1 samples collected in parallel at two Antarctic stations, namely Signy and Halley, allowing investigation of aerosol–climate interactions in an unperturbed atmosphere. Our results show remarkable differences between pelagic (open-ocean) and sympagic (sea-ice-influenced) air masses and indicate that various sources and processes are controlling Antarctic aerosols.
Kirsten N. Fossum, Chunshui Lin, Niall O'Sullivan, Lu Lei, Stig Hellebust, Darius Ceburnis, Aqeel Afzal, Anja Tremper, David Green, Srishti Jain, Steigvilė Byčenkienė, Colin O'Dowd, John Wenger, and Jurgita Ovadnevaite
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1262, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1262, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical composition and sources of submicron aerosol in the Dublin Port area were investigated over a month-long campaign. Two distinct types of ship emissions were identified and characterized: sulfate-rich plumes from use of heavy fuel oil with scrubbers and organic-rich plumes from use of low sulfur fuels. The latter were more frequent, emitting double the particle number, and having atypical V/Ni ratio for ship emission.
Zhichao Dong, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Peisen Li, Zhanjie Xu, Junjun Deng, Xueyan Zhao, Xiaomai Zhao, Pingqing Fu, and Cong-Qiang Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5887–5905, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5887-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5887-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Comprehensive study of optical properties of brown carbon (BrC) in fine aerosols from Tianjin, China, implied that biological emissions are major sources of BrC in summer, whereas fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning emissions are in cold periods. The direct radiation absorption caused by BrC in short wavelengths contributed about 40 % to that caused by BrC in 300–700 nm. Water-insoluble but methanol-soluble BrC contains more protein-like chromophores (PLOM) than that of water-soluble BrC.
Shan Wang, Kezheng Liao, Zijing Zhang, Yuk Ying Cheng, Qiongqiong Wang, Hanzhe Chen, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5803–5821, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5803-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5803-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, hourly primary and secondary organic carbon were estimated by a novel Bayesian inference approach in suburban Hong Kong. Their multi-temporal-scale variations and evolution characteristics during PM2.5 episodes were examined. The methodology could serve as a guide for other locations with similar monitoring capabilities. The observation-based results are helpful for understanding the evolving nature of secondary organic aerosols and refining the accuracy of model simulations.
Liyuan Zhou, Qianyun Liu, Christian M. Salvador, Michael Le Breton, Mattias Hallquist, Jian Zhen Yu, Chak K. Chan, and Åsa M. Hallquist
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-494, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-494, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research on city bus emissions reveals that alternative fuels (compressed natural gas and biofuels) reduce fresh particle emissions compared to diesel. However, all fuels lead to secondary air pollution. Aiming at guiding better environmental policies, we studied 76 buses using advanced emission measurement techniques. This work sheds light on the complex effects of bus fuels on urban air quality, emphasizing the need for comprehensive evaluations of future transportation technologies.
Meng Wang, Qiyuan Wang, Steven Sai Hang Ho, Jie Tian, Yong Zhang, Shun-cheng Lee, and Junji Cao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1130, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1130, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) in PM2.5 particles on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau. We discovered that biomass burning and transboundary transport are the primary sources of NOCs in the high-altitude area. Understanding these aerosol sources informs how they contribute to regional and potentially global climate changes. Our findings could help shape effective environmental policies to enhance air quality and address climate impacts in this sensitive region.
Yu Xu, Tang Liu, Yi-Jia Ma, Qi-Bin Sun, Hong-Wei Xiao, Hao Xiao, and Hua-Yun Xiao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-975, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-975, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study has explored the characteristics of aminiums, ammonium, and PM2.5 from the clean days to the polluted days according to the observational data from 11 different Chinese cities, highlighting the possibility of the competitive uptake of ammonia versus amines on acidic aerosols, or the displacement of aminiums by ammonia under a high ammonia condition. The overall results deepen the understanding of the spatiotemporal differences in aminium characteristic and formation in China.
Maria P. Velásquez-García, K. Santiago Hernández, James A. Vergara-Correa, Richard J. Pope, Miriam Gómez-Marín, and Angela M. Rendón
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-695, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-695, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
For the Aburrá Valley, Colombia, local emissions dominate aerosol concentrations, which degrade air quality (AQ) and impact human health. However, this can be exacerbated by the influx of external emissions from sources such as regional fires, Saharan dust, and volcanic degassing. While substantially increasing city-wide aerosols, these external sources can also degrade the aerosol chemical composition (i.e. their toxicity) and impact AQ, which we investigate in this study.
Cassidy Soloff, Taiwo Ajayi, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, Francesca Gallo, Johnathan W. Hair, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Simon Kirschler, Richard H. Moore, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-926, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-926, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using aircraft measurements over the northwest Atlantic between the U.S. East Coast and Bermuda and trajectory modeling of continental outflow, we identify trace gas and particle properties that exhibit gradients with offshore distance and quantify these changes with high resolution measurements of concentrations as well as particle chemistry, size, and scattering properties. This work furthers our understanding of the complex interactions between continental and marine environments.
Yi-Jia Ma, Yu Xu, Ting Yang, Hong-Wei Xiao, and Hua-Yun Xiao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4331–4346, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4331-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4331-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides field-based evidence about the differential impacts of combustion of fresh and aged biomass materials on aerosol nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) in different seasons in Ürümqi, bridging the linkages between the observations and previous laboratory studies showing the formation mechanisms of NOCs.
Maud Leriche, Pierre Tulet, Laurent Deguillaume, Frédéric Burnet, Aurélie Colomb, Agnès Borbon, Corinne Jambert, Valentin Duflot, Stéphan Houdier, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Mickaël Vaïtilingom, Pamela Dominutti, Manon Rocco, Camille Mouchel-Vallon, Samira El Gdachi, Maxence Brissy, Maroua Fathalli, Nicolas Maury, Bert Verreyken, Crist Amelynck, Niels Schoon, Valérie Gros, Jean-Marc Pichon, Mickael Ribeiro, Eric Pique, Emmanuel Leclerc, Thierry Bourrianne, Axel Roy, Eric Moulin, Joël Barrie, Jean-Marc Metzger, Guillaume Péris, Christian Guadagno, Chatrapatty Bhugwant, Jean-Mathieu Tibere, Arnaud Tournigand, Evelyn Freney, Karine Sellegri, Anne-Marie Delort, Pierre Amato, Muriel Joly, Jean-Luc Baray, Pascal Renard, Angelica Bianco, Anne Réchou, and Guillaume Payen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4129–4155, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4129-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4129-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles in the atmosphere play a key role in climate change and air pollution. A large number of aerosol particles are formed from the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs and secondary organic aerosols – SOA). An important field campaign was organized on Réunion in March–April 2019 to understand the formation of SOA in a tropical atmosphere mostly influenced by VOCs emitted by forest and in the presence of clouds. This work synthesizes the results of this campaign.
Jinbo Wang, Jiaping Wang, Yuxuan Zhang, Tengyu Liu, Xuguang Chi, Xin Huang, Dafeng Ge, Shiyi Lai, Caijun Zhu, Lei Wang, Qiaozhi Zha, Ximeng Qi, Wei Nie, Congbin Fu, and Aijun Ding
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-879, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-879, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we found large spatial discrepancies in the physical and chemical properties of black carbon over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Elevated anthropogenic emissions from low-altitude regions can significantly change the mass concentration, mixing state and chemical composition of black carbon -containing aerosol in TP region, further altering its light absorption ability. Our study emphasizes the vulnerability of remote plateau regions to intense anthropogenic influences.
Ryan N. Farley, James E. Lee, Laura-Hélèna Rivellini, Alex K. Y. Lee, Rachael Dal Porto, Christopher D. Cappa, Kyle Gorkowski, Abu Sayeed Md Shawon, Katherine B. Benedict, Allison C. Aiken, Manvendra K. Dubey, and Qi Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3953–3971, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3953-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3953-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The black carbon aerosol composition and mixing state were characterized using a soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer. Single-particle measurements revealed the major role of atmospheric processing in modulating the black carbon mixing state. A significant fraction of soot particles were internally mixed with oxidized organic aerosol and sulfate, with implications for activation as cloud nuclei.
Alex Rowell, James Brean, David C. S. Beddows, Zongbo Shi, Avinash Kumar, Matti Rissanen, Miikka Dal Maso, Peter Mettke, Kay Weinhold, Maik Merkel, and Roy M. Harrison
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-742, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-742, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ions enhance the formation and growth rates of new particles, affecting the earths radiation budget. Despite these effects, there is little published data exploring the sources of ions in the urban environment and their role in new particle formation (NPF). Here we show that natural ion sources dominate in urban environments, while traffic is a secondary source. Ions contribute up to 12.7 % of the formation rate of particles, indicating that they are important for forming urban PM.
Xinya Liu, Bas Henzing, Arjan Hensen, Jan Mulder, Peng Yao, Danielle van Dinther, Jerry van Bronckhorst, Rujin Huang, and Ulrike Dusek
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3405–3420, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3405-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3405-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated the time-of-flight aerosol chemical speciation monitor (TOF-ACSM) following the implementation of the PM2.5 aerodynamic lens and a capture vaporizer (CV). The results showed that it significantly improved the accuracy and precision of ACSM in the field observations. The paper elucidates the measurement outcomes of various instruments and provides an analysis of their biases. This comprehensive evaluation is expected to benefit the ACSM community and other aerosol field measurements.
Eva-Lou Edwards, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Claire E. Robinson, Michael A. Shook, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3349–3378, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3349-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3349-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate Cl− depletion in sea salt particles over the northwest Atlantic from December 2021 to June 2022 using an airborne dataset. Losses of Cl− are greatest in May and least in December–February and March. Inorganic acidic species can account for all depletion observed for December–February, March, and June near Bermuda but none in May. Quantifying Cl− depletion as a percentage captures seasonal trends in depletion but fails to convey the effects it may have on atmospheric oxidation.
Yue Sun, Yujiao Zhu, Yanbin Qi, Lanxiadi Chen, Jiangshan Mu, Ye Shan, Yu Yang, Yanqiu Nie, Ping Liu, Can Cui, Ji Zhang, Mingxuan Liu, Lingli Zhang, Yufei Wang, Xinfeng Wang, Mingjin Tang, Wenxing Wang, and Likun Xue
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3241–3256, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3241-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3241-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Field observations were conducted at the summit of Changbai Mountain in northeast Asia. The cumulative number concentration of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) varied from 1.6 × 10−3 to 78.3 L−1 over the temperature range of −5.5 to −29.0 ℃. Biological INPs (bio-INPs) accounted for the majority of INPs, and the proportion exceeded 90% above −13.0 ℃. Planetary boundary layer height, valley breezes, and long-distance transport of air mass influence the abundance of bio-INPs.
Cuizhi Sun, Yongyun Zhang, Baoling Liang, Min Gao, Xi Sun, Fei Li, Xue Ni, Qibin Sun, Hengjia Ou, Dexian Chen, Shengzhen Zhou, and Jun Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3043–3063, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3043-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3043-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In a May–June 2021 expedition in the South China Sea, we analyzed black and brown carbon in marine aerosols, key to light absorption and climate impact. Using advanced in situ and microscope techniques, we observed particle size, structure, and tar balls mixed with various elements. Results showed biomass burning and fossil fuels majorly influence light absorption, especially during significant burning events. This research aids the understanding of carbonaceous aerosols' role in marine climate.
C. Isabel Moreno, Radovan Krejci, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Gaëlle Uzu, Andrés Alastuey, Marcos F. Andrade, Valeria Mardóñez, Alkuin Maximilian Koenig, Diego Aliaga, Claudia Mohr, Laura Ticona, Fernando Velarde, Luis Blacutt, Ricardo Forno, David N. Whiteman, Alfred Wiedensohler, Patrick Ginot, and Paolo Laj
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2837–2860, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2837-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2837-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol chemical composition (ions, sugars, carbonaceous matter) from 2011 to 2020 was studied at Mt. Chacaltaya (5380 m a.s.l., Bolivian Andes). Minimum concentrations occur in the rainy season with maxima in the dry and transition seasons. The origins of the aerosol are located in a radius of hundreds of kilometers: nearby urban and rural areas, natural biogenic emissions, vegetation burning from Amazonia and Chaco, Pacific Ocean emissions, soil dust, and Peruvian volcanism.
Junke Zhang, Yunfei Su, Chunying Chen, Wenkai Guo, Qinwen Tan, Miao Feng, Danlin Song, Tao Jiang, Qiang Chen, Yuan Li, Wei Li, Yizhi Wang, Xiaojuan Huang, Lin Han, Wanqing Wu, and Gehui Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2803–2820, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2803-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2803-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Typical haze events in Chengdu at the beginning of 2023 were investigated with bulk-chemical and single-particle analyses along with numerical model simulations. By integrating the obtained chemical composition, source, mixing state and numerical simulation results, we infer that Haze-1 was mainly caused by pollutants related to fossil fuel combustion, especially local mobile sources, while Haze-2 was triggered by the secondary pollutants, which mainly came from regional transmission.
Elena Barbaro, Matteo Feltracco, Fabrizio De Blasi, Clara Turetta, Marta Radaelli, Warren Cairns, Giulio Cozzi, Giovanna Mazzi, Marco Casula, Jacopo Gabrieli, Carlo Barbante, and Andrea Gambaro
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2821–2835, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2821-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2821-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study analyzed a year of atmospheric aerosol composition at Col Margherita in the Italian Alps. Over 100 chemical markers were identified, including major ions, organic compounds, and trace elements. It revealed sources of aerosol, highlighted impacts of Saharan dust events, and showed anthropogenic pollution's influence despite the site's remoteness. Enrichment factors emphasized non-natural sources of trace elements. Source apportionment identified four key factors affecting the area.
Karl Espen Yttri, Are Bäcklund, Franz Conen, Sabine Eckhardt, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Markus Fiebig, Anne Kasper-Giebl, Avram Gold, Hans Gundersen, Cathrine Lund Myhre, Stephen Matthew Platt, David Simpson, Jason D. Surratt, Sönke Szidat, Martin Rauber, Kjetil Tørseth, Martin Album Ytre-Eide, Zhenfa Zhang, and Wenche Aas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2731–2758, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2731-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2731-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We discuss carbonaceous aerosol (CA) observed at the high Arctic Zeppelin Observatory (2017 to 2020). We find that organic aerosol is a significant fraction of the Arctic aerosol, though less than sea salt aerosol and mineral dust, as well as non-sea-salt sulfate, originating mainly from anthropogenic sources in winter and from natural sources in summer, emphasizing the importance of wildfires for biogenic secondary organic aerosol and primary biological aerosol particles observed in the Arctic.
Wei Huang, Cheng Wu, Linyu Gao, Yvette Gramlich, Sophie L. Haslett, Joel Thornton, Felipe D. Lopez-Hilfiker, Ben H. Lee, Junwei Song, Harald Saathoff, Xiaoli Shen, Ramakrishna Ramisetty, Sachchida N. Tripathi, Dilip Ganguly, Feng Jiang, Magdalena Vallon, Siegfried Schobesberger, Taina Yli-Juuti, and Claudia Mohr
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2607–2624, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2607-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2607-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present distinct molecular composition and volatility of oxygenated organic aerosol particles in different rural, urban, and mountain environments. We do a comprehensive investigation of the relationship between the chemical composition and volatility of oxygenated organic aerosol particles across different systems and environments. This study provides implications for volatility descriptions of oxygenated organic aerosol particles in different model frameworks.
Cited articles
Agarwal, S., Aggarwal, S. G., Okuzawa, K., and Kawamura, K.: Size distributions of dicarboxylic acids, ketoacids, α-dicarbonyls, sugars, WSOC, OC, EC and inorganic ions in atmospheric particles over Northern Japan: implication for long-range transport of Siberian biomass burning and East Asian polluted aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 5839–5858, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5839-2010, 2010.
Akagi, S. K., Yokelson, R. J., Wiedinmyer, C., Alvarado, M. J., Reid, J. S., Karl, T., Crounse, J. D., and Wennberg, P. O.: Emission factors for open and domestic biomass burning for use in atmospheric models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 4039–4072, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-4039-2011, 2011.
Andreae, M. O. and Rosenfeld, D.: Aerosol-cloud-precipitations Part 1: the
nature and sources of cloud-active aerosols, Earth-Sci. Rev., 89, 13–41,
2008.
Atlas, E. and Giam, C. S.: Global transport of organic ambient
concentrations in remote marine atmosphere, Science, 211, 163–165, 1981.
Bai, J., Sun, X., Zhang, C., Xu, Y., and Qi, C.: The OH-initiated
atmospheric reaction mechanism and kinetics for levoglucosan emitted in
biomass burning, Chemosphere, 93, 2004–2010, 2013.
Baker, H. G., Baker, I., and Hodges, S. A.: Sugar composition of nectars and
fruits consumed by birds and bats in the tropics and subtropics, Biotropica,
30, 559–586, 1998.
Barrie, L. A.: Arctic air pollution: an overview of current knowledge,
Atmos. Environ., 20, 643–663, 1986.
Bauer, H., Claeys, M., Vermeylen, R., Schueller, E., Weinke, G., Berger, A.,
and Puxbaum, H.: Arabitol and mannitol as tracers for the quantification of
airborne fungal spores, Atmos. Environ., 42, 588–593, 2008.
Burch, M. and Levetin, E.: Effects of meteorological conditions on spore
plumes, Int. J. Biometeorol., 46, 107–117, 2002.
Cahill, T. M., Seaman, V. Y., Charles, M. J., Holzinger, R., and Goldstein,
A. H.: Secondary organic aerosols formed from oxidation of biogenic volatile
organic compounds in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, J. Geophys.
Res., 111, D16312, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007178, 2006.
Carlton, A. G., Wiedinmyer, C., and Kroll, J. H.: A review of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) formation from isoprene, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4987–5005, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4987-2009, 2009.
Caseiro, A., Bauer, H., Schmidl, C., Pio, C. A., and Puxbaum, H.: Wood
burning impact on PM10 in three Austrian regions, Atmos. Environ., 43,
2186–2195, 2009.
Ciccioli, P., Centritto, M., and Loreto, F.: Biogenic volatile organic
compound emissions from vegetation fires, Plant Cell Environ., 37,
1810–1825, 2014.
Cheng, Y., Engling, G., He, K.-B., Duan, F.-K., Ma, Y.-L., Du, Z.-Y., Liu, J.-M., Zheng, M., and Weber, R. J.: Biomass burning contribution to Beijing aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 7765–7781, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7765-2013, 2013.
Cong, Z., Kawamura, K., Kang, S., and Fu, P.: Penetration of biomass-burning
emissions from South-Asia through the Himalayas: new insights from
atmospheric organic acids, Sci. Rep.-UK, 5, 9580,
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09580, 2015.
Cowie, G. L. and Hedges, J. I.: Carbohydrate sources in a coastal
marine-environment, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 48, 2075–2087, 1984.
Crutzen, P. J. and Andreae, M. O.: Biomass burning in the tropics: impact on
atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycles, Science, 250, 1669–1678,
1990.
Claeys, M., Graham, B., Vas, G., Wang, W., Vermeylen, R., Pashynska, V., Cafmeyer, J., Guyon, P., Andreae, M O., Artaxo, P., and Maenhaut, W.: Formation of secondary organic aerosols through
photooxidation of isoprene, Science, 303, 1173–1176, 2004.
Claeys, M., Kourtchev, I., Pashynska, V., Vas, G., Vermeylen, R., Wang, W., Cafmeyer, J., Chi, X., Artaxo, P., Andreae, M. O., and Maenhaut, W.: Polar organic marker compounds in atmospheric aerosols during the LBA-SMOCC 2002 biomass burning experiment in Rondônia, Brazil: sources and source processes, time series, diel variations and size distributions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 9319–9331, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9319-2010, 2010.
Deshmukh, D. K., Haque, M. M., Kawamura, K., and Kim, Y.: Dicarboxylic
acids, oxocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls in fine aerosols over
central Alaska: implications for sources and atmospheric processes, Atmos.
Res., 202, 128–139, 2018.
Ding, L. C., Fu, K., Wang, D. K. W., Dann, T., and Austin, C. C.: A new
direct thermal desorption-GC/MS method: organic speciation of ambient
particulate matter collected in Golden, BC, Atmos. Environ., 43, 4894–4902,
2009.
Ding, X., Wang, X. M., Xie, Z. Q., Zhang, Z., and Sun, L. G.: Impacts of
Siberian biomass burning on organic aerosols over the North Pacific Ocean
and the Arctic: primary and secondary organic tracers, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 47, 3149–3157, 2013.
Ding, X., He, Q. F., Shen, R. Q., Yu, Q. Q., and Wang, X. M.: Spatial
distributions of secondary organic aerosols from isoprene, monoterpenes,
β-caryophyllene, and aromatics over China during summer, J. Geophys.
Res., 119, 11877–11891, 2014.
Draxler, R. R. and Rolph, G. D.: Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian
Integrated Trajectory Model, available at:
https://www.ready.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT.php (last access: 20 October 2018), 2013.
Duhl, T. R., Helmig, D., and Guenther, A.: Sesquiterpene emissions from vegetation: a review, Biogeosciences, 5, 761–777, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-761-2008, 2008.
Eisenreich, S. J., Looney, B. B., and David, J. B.: Airborne organic
contaminants in the Great Lakes ecosystem, Environ. Sci. Technol., 15,
30–38, 1981.
Elbert, W., Taylor, P. E., Andreae, M. O., and Pöschl, U.: Contribution of fungi to primary biogenic aerosols in the atmosphere: wet and dry discharged spores, carbohydrates, and inorganic ions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4569–4588, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4569-2007, 2007.
Engling, G., Lee, J. J., Tsai, Y. W., Lung, S. C. C., Chou, C. C. K., and
Chan, C. Y.: Size-resolved anhydrosugar composition in smoke aerosol from
controlled field burning of rice straw, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 43, 662–672,
2009.
Fine, P. M., Cass, G. R., and Simoneit, B. R. T.: Chemical characterization
of fine particle emissions from fireplace combustion of wood grown in the
northeastern United States, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 2665–2675, 2001.
Fine, P. M., Cass, G. R., and Simoneit, B. R. T.: Chemical characterization
of fine particle emissions from the fireplace combustion of woods grown in
the Southern United States, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 1442–1451, 2002.
Fine, P. M., Cass, G. R., and Simoneit, B. R. T.: Chemical characterization
of fine particle emissions from the fireplace combustion of woods types
grown in the Midwestern and Western United States, Environ. Eng. Sci., 21,
387–409, 2004.
French, N. H. F., Kasischke, E. S., and Williams, D. G.: Variability in the
emission of carbon-based trace gases from wildfire in the Alaskan boreal
forest, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8151, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000480, 2003.
Fraser, M. P. and Lakshmanan, K.: Using levoglucosan as a molecular marker for
the long-range transport of biomass combustion aerosols, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 34, 4560–4564, 2000.
Fu, P., Kawamura, K., Okuzawa, K., Aggarwal, S. G., Wang, G., Kanaya, Y.,
and Wang, Z.: Organic molecular compositions and temporal variations of
summertime mountain aerosols over Mt. Tai, North China Plain, J. Geophys.
Res., 113, D19107, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009900, 2008.
Fu, P., Aggarwal, S. G., Chen, J., Li, J., Sun, Y., Wang, Z., Chen, H.,
Liao, H., Ding, A., Umarji, G. S., Patil, R. S., Chen, Q., and Kawamura, K.:
Molecular markers of secondary organic aerosol in Mumbai, India, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 50, 4659–4667, 2016.
Fu, P. Q., Kawamura, K., and Barrie, L. A.: Photochemical and other sources
of organic compounds in the Canadian high Arctic aerosol pollution during
winter-spring, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 286–292, 2009.
Fu, P. Q., Kawamura, K., Chen, J., Li, J., Sun, Y. L., Liu, Y., Tachibana, E., Aggarwal, S. G., Okuzawa, K., Tanimoto, H., Kanaya, Y., and Wang, Z. F.: Diurnal variations of organic molecular tracers and stable carbon isotopic composition in atmospheric aerosols over Mt. Tai in the North China Plain: an influence of biomass burning, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 8359–8375, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8359-2012, 2012.
Fu, P. Q., Kawamura, K., Chen, J., Charrière, B., and Sempéré, R.: Organic molecular composition of marine aerosols over the Arctic Ocean in summer: contributions of primary emission and secondary aerosol formation, Biogeosciences, 10, 653–667, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-653-2013, 2013.
Fu, P. Q., Kawamura, K., Chen, J., and Miyazaki, Y.: Secondary production of
organic aerosols from biogenic VOCs over Mt. Fuji, Japan, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 48, 8491–8497, 2014.
Fu, P. Q., Kawamura, K., Pavuluri, C. M., Swaminathan, T., and Chen, J.: Molecular characterization of urban organic aerosol in tropical India: contributions of primary emissions and secondary photooxidation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2663–2689, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-2663-2010, 2010.
Fu, P. Q., Kawamura, K., and Miura, K.: Molecular characterization of marine
organic aerosols collected during a round-the-world cruise, J. Geophys.
Res., 116, D13302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD015604, 2011.
Gensch, I., Sang-Arlt, X. F., Laumer, W., Chan, C. Y., Engling, G., Rudolph,
J., and Kiendler-Scharr, A.: Using δ13C of levoglucosan as a
chemical clock, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 11094–11101, 2018.
Giannoni, M., Martellini, T., Bubba, M. D., Gambaro, A., Zangrando, R.,
Chiari, M., Lepri, L., and Cincinelli, A.: The use of levoglucosan for
tracing biomass burning in PM2.5 samples in Tuscany (Italy), Environ.
Pollut., 167, 7–15, 2012.
Gómez-González, Y., Wang, W., Vermeylen, R., Chi, X., Neirynck, J., Janssens, I. A., Maenhaut, W., and Claeys, M.: Chemical characterisation of atmospheric aerosols during a 2007 summer field campaign at Brasschaat, Belgium: sources and source processes of biogenic secondary organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 125–138, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-125-2012, 2012.
Gottwald, T. R., Trocine, T. M., and Timmer, L. W.: A computer controlled
environmental chamber for the study of aerial fungal spore release,
Phytopathology, 87, 1078–1084, 1997.
Graham, B., Mayol-Bracero, O. L., Guyon, P., Roberts, G. C., Decesari, S.,
Facchini, M. C., Artaxo, P., Maenhaut, W., Koll, P., and Andreae, M. O.:
Water-soluble organic compounds in biomass burning aerosols over Amazonia 1:
characterization by NMR and GC-MS., J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8047,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000336, 2002.
Graham, B., Guyon, P., Taylor, P. E., Artaxo, P., Maenhaut, W., Glovsky, M.
M., Flagan, R. C., and Andreae, M. O.: Organic compounds present in the
natural Amazonian aerosol: characterization by gas chromatography-mass
spectrometry, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4766,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003990, 2003.
Grell, G., Freitas, S. R., Stuefer, M., and Fast, J.: Inclusion of biomass burning in WRF-Chem: impact of wildfires on weather forecasts, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 5289–5303, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-5289-2011, 2011.
Guasco, T. L., Cuadra-Rodriguez, L. A., Pedler, B. E., Ault, A. P., Collins, D. B., Zhao, D., Kim, M. J., Ruppel, M. J., Wilson, S. C., Pomeroy, R. S., Grassian, V. H., Azam, F., Bertram, T. H., and Prather, K. A.: Transition metal associations with primary biological
particles in sea spray aerosol generated in a wave channel, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 48, 1324–1333, 2013.
Hallquist, M., Wenger, J. C., Baltensperger, U., Rudich, Y., Simpson, D., Claeys, M., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., George, C., Goldstein, A. H., Hamilton, J. F., Herrmann, H., Hoffmann, T., Iinuma, Y., Jang, M., Jenkin, M. E., Jimenez, J. L., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Maenhaut, W., McFiggans, G., Mentel, Th. F., Monod, A., Prévôt, A. S. H., Seinfeld, J. H., Surratt, J. D., Szmigielski, R., and Wildt, J.: The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5155–5236, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5155-2009, 2009.
Haque, M. M., Kawamura, K., and Kim, Y.: Seasonal variations of biogenic
secondary organic aerosol tracers in ambient aerosols from Alaska, Atmos.
Environ., 130, 95–104, 2016.
Hays, M. D., Fine, P. M., Geron, C. D., Kleeman, M. J., and Gullett, B. K.:
Open burning of agricultural biomass: physical and chemical properties of
particle-phase emissions, Atmos. Environ., 39, 6747–6764, 2005.
Hegg, D. A., Warren, S. G., Grenfell, T. C., Doherty, S. J., Larson, T. V., and Clarke, A. D.: Source attribution of black carbon in Arctic snow,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 4016–4021, 2009.
Hennigan, C. J., Sullivan, A. P., Collett, J. L., and Robinson, A. L.:
Levoglucosan stability in biomass burning particles exposed to hydroxyl
radicals, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L09806, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL043088, 2010.
Hinzman, L. D., Bettez, N. D., Bolton, W. R., Chapin, F. S., Dyurgerov, M. B., Fastie, C. L., Griffith, B., Hollister, R. D., Hope, A., Huntington, H. P., Jensen, A. M., Jia, G. J., Jorgenson, T., Kane, D. L., Klein, D. R., Kofinas, G., Lynch, A. H., Lloyd, A. H., McGuire, A. D., Nelson, F. E., Oechel, W. C., Osterkamp, T. E., Racine, C. H., Romanovsky, V. E., Stone, R. S., Stow, D. A., Sturm, M., Tweedie, C. E., Vourlitis, G. L., Walker, M. D., Walker, D. A., Webber, P. J., Welker, J. M., Winker, K. S., and Yoshikawa, K.: Evidence and implications of recent climate change in
northern Alaska and other arctic regions, Climate Change, 72, 251–298, 2005.
Hoffmann, D., Tilgner, A., Iinuma, Y., and Hermann, H.: Atmospheric
stability of levoglucosan: a detailed laboratory and modeling study,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 694–699, 2009.
Hu, Q. H., Xie, Z. Q., Wang, X. M., Kang, H., and Zhang, P. F.: Levoglucosan
indicates high levels of biomass burning aerosols over oceans from the
Arctic to Antarctic, Sci. Rep.-UK, 3, 3119, https://doi.org/10.1038/Srep03119, 2013.
Ion, A. C., Vermeylen, R., Kourtchev, I., Cafmeyer, J., Chi, X., Gelencsér, A., Maenhaut, W., and Claeys, M.: Polar organic compounds in rural PM2.5 aerosols from K-puszta, Hungary, during a 2003 summer field campaign: Sources and diel variations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1805–1814, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1805-2005, 2005.
IPCC: Climate change 2001: the scientific basis. Contribution of Working
Group I to the third assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001.
Iziomon, M. G., Lohmann, U., and Quinn, P. K.: Summertime pollution events
in the Arctic and potential implications, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D12206,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006223, 2006.
Jathar, S. H., Gordon, T. D., Hennigan, C. J., Pye, H. O. T., Pouliot, G.,
Adams, P. J., Donahue, N. M., and Robinson, A. L.: Unspeciated organic
emissions from combustion sources and their influence on the secondary
organic aerosol budget in the United States, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
111, 10473–10478, 2014.
Jaoui, M., Lewandowski, M., Kleindienst, T. E., Offenberg, J. H., and Edney,
E. O.: β-Caryophyllinic acid: an atmospheric tracer for β-caryophyllene secondary organic aerosol, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L05816,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL028827, 2007.
Jia, Y. L., Clements, A. L., and Fraser, M. P.: Saccharide composition in
atmospheric particulate matter in the southwest US and estimates of source
contributions, J. Aerosol Sci., 41, 62–73, 2010.
Kanakidou, M., Seinfeld, J. H., Pandis, S. N., Barnes, I., Dentener, F. J., Facchini, M. C., Van Dingenen, R., Ervens, B., Nenes, A., Nielsen, C. J., Swietlicki, E., Putaud, J. P., Balkanski, Y., Fuzzi, S., Horth, J., Moortgat, G. K., Winterhalter, R., Myhre, C. E. L., Tsigaridis, K., Vignati, E., Stephanou, E. G., and Wilson, J.: Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053–1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005.
Kaplan, J. O. and New, M.: Arctic climate change with a 2 ∘C
global warming: timing, climate patterns and vegetation change, Climate
Change, 79, 213–241, 2006.
Kavouras, I. G. and Stephanou, E. G.: Particle size distribution of organic
primary and secondary aerosol constituents in urban, background marine, and
forest atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4069,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD000278, 2002.
Kavouras, I. G., Mihalopoulos, N., and Stephanou, E. G.: Formation of
atmospheric particles from organic acids produced by forests, Nature, 395,
683–686, 1998.
Kawamura, K. and Gagosian, R.: Implications of ω-oxocarboxylic acids
in the remote marine atmosphere for photooxidation of unsaturated fatty
acids, Nature, 325, 330–332, 1987.
Kawamura, K., Kosaka, M., and Sempere, R.: Distributions and seasonal
changes of hydrocarbons in urban aerosols and rainwaters, Chikyukagaku
(Geochemistry), 28, 1–15, 1994.
Kawamura, K., Kasukabe, H., and Barrie, L. A.: Sources and reaction pathways
of dicarboxylic acids, ketoacids and dicarbonyls in Arctic aerosols: one
year of observations, Atmos. Environ., 30, 1709–1722, 1996.
Kawamura, K., Steinberg, S., and Kaplan, I. R.: Homologous series of
C1-C10 monocarboxylic acids and C1-C6 carbonyls in Los
Angeles air and motor vehicle exhausts, Atmos. Environ., 34, 4175–4191,
2002.
Kawamura, K., Ishimura, Y., and Yamazaki, K.: Four years observations of
terrestrial lipid class compounds in marine aerosols from the western North
Pacific, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 17, 1003,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GB001810, 2003.
Kim, Y., Hatsushika, H., Muskett, R. R., and Yamazaki, K.: Possible effect
of boreal wildfire soot on Arctic sea ice and Alaska glaciers, Atmos.
Environ., 39, 3513–3520, 2005.
Klemm, D., Heublein, B., Fink, H. P., and Bohn, A.: Cellulose: fascinating
biopolymer and sustainable raw material, Angew. Chem. Int. Edit., 44,
3358–3393, 2005.
Kolattukudy, P. E.: Chemistry and biochemistry of natural waxes, Elsevier,
New York, 1976.
Kourtchev, I., Warnke, J., Maenhaut, W., Hoffmann, T., and Claeys, M.: Polar
organic marker compounds in PM2.5 aerosol from a mixed forest site in
western Germany, Chemosphere, 73, 1308–1314, 2008a.
Kourtchev, I., Ruuskanen, T. M., Keronen, P., Sogacheva, L., Dal Maso, M.,
Reissell, A., Chi, X., Vermeylen, R., Kulmala, M., Maenhaut, W., and Claeys,
M.: Determination of isoprene and α-/β-pinene oxidation
products in boreal forest aerosols from Hyytiälä, Finland: diel variations
and possible link with particle formation events, Plant Biol., 10, 138–149,
2008b.
Lai, C., Liu, Y., Ma, J., Ma, Q., and He, H.: Degradation kinetics of
levoglucosan initiated by hydroxyl radical under different environmental
conditions, Atmos. Environ., 91, 32–39, 2014.
Law, K. S. and Stohl, A.: Arctic air pollution: origins and impacts,
Science, 315, 1537–1540, 2007.
Lewandowski, M., Jaoui, M., Kleindienst, T. E., Offenberg, J. H., and Edney,
E. O.: Composition of PM2.5 during the summer of 2003 in Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina, Atmos. Environ., 41, 4073–4083, 2007.
Lewandowski, M., Piletic, I. R., Kleindienst, T. E., Offenberg, J. H.,
Beaver, M. R., Jaoui, M., Docherty, K. S., and Edney, E. O.: Secondary
organic aerosol characterisation at field sites across the United States
during the spring-summer period, Int. J. Environ. An. Chem., 93,
1084–1103, 2013.
Li, X., Jiang, L., Hoa, L. P., Lyu, Y., Xu, T., Yang, X., Iinuma, Y., Chen,
J., and Herrmann, H.: Size distribution of particle-phase sugar and
nitrophenol tracers during severe urban haze episodes in Shanghai, Atmos.
Environ., 145, 115–127, 2016.
Ma, S. X., Wang, Z. Z., Bi, X. H., Sheng, G. Y., and Fu, J. M.: Composition
and source of saccharides in aerosols in Guangzhou, China, Chinese Sci.
Bull., 54, 4500–4506, 2009.
Medeiros, P. M., Conte, M. H., Weber, J. C., and Simoneit, B. R. T.: Sugars
as source indicators of biogenic organic carbon in aerosols collected above
the Howland Experimental Forest, Maine, Atmos. Environ., 40, 1694–1705,
2006.
Mitchell, J. M.: Visual range in the polar regions with special reference to
the Alaskan Arctic, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 195–211, 1957.
Mkoma, S. L., Kawamura, K., and Fu, P. Q.: Contributions of biomass/biofuel burning to organic aerosols and particulate matter in Tanzania, East Africa, based on analyses of ionic species, organic and elemental carbon, levoglucosan and mannosan, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10325–10338, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10325-2013, 2013.
Myers-Pigg, A. N., Griffin, R. J., Louchouarn, P., Norwood, M. J., Sterne,
A., and Cevik, B. K.: Signatures of biomass burning aerosols in the plume of
a saltmarsh wildfire in South Texas, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 9308–9314,
2016.
Nirmalkar, J., Deshmukh, D. K., Deb, M. K., Tsai, Y. I., and Sopajaree, K.:
Mass loading and episodic variation of molecular markers in PM2.5
aerosols over a rural area in eastern central India, Atmos. Environ., 117,
41–50, 2015.
Nordenskiold, A. E.: Nordenskiold on the inland ice of Greenland, Science,
44, 732–738, 1883.
Nolte, C. G., Schauer, J. J., Cass, G. R., and Simoneit, B. R. T.: Highly
polar organic compounds present in wood smoke and in the ambient atmosphere,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 1912–1919, 2001.
Noureddini, H. and Kanabur, M.: Liquid-phase catalytic oxidation of
unsaturated fatty acids, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 73, 305–312, 1999.
Novakov, T. and Corrigan, C. E.: Cloud condensation nucleus activity of the
organic component of biomass smoke particles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23,
2141–2144, 1996.
Novakov, T. and Penner, J. E.: Large contribution of organic aerosol to
cloud-condensation-nuclei concentrations, Nature, 365, 823–826, 1993.
Pacini, E.: From anther and pollen ripening to pollen presentation, Plant
Syst. Evol., 222, 19–43, 2000.
Pashynska, V., Vermeylen, R., Vas, G., Maenhaut, W., and Claeys, M.:
Development of a gas chromatographic/ion trap mass spectrometric method for
the determination of levoglucosan and saccharidic compounds in atmospheric
aerosols: application to urban aerosols, J. Mass Spectrom., 37, 1249–1257,
2002.
Peltzer, E. T. and Gagosian, R. B.: Organic geochemistry of aerosols over
the Pacific Ocean, Chemical Oceanography, Academic Press, London, Vol. 10,
281–338, 1989.
Pio, C. A., Legrand, M., Alves, C. A., Oliveira, T., Afonso, J., Caseiro,
A., Puxbaum, H., Sanchez-Ochoa, A., and Gelencser, A.: Chemical composition
of atmospheric aerosols during the 2003 summer intense forest fire period,
Atmos. Environ., 42, 7530–7543, 2008.
Prather, K. A., Bertram, T. H., Grassian, V. H., Deane, G. B., Stokes, M. D., DeMott, P. J., Aluwihare, L. I., Palenik, B. P., Azam, F., Seinfeld, J. H., Moffet, R. C., Molina, M. J., Cappa, C. D., Geiger, F. M., Roberts, G. C., Russell, L. M., Ault, A. P., Baltrusaitis, J., Collins, D. B., Corrigan, C. E., Cuadra-Rodriguez, L. A., Ebben, C. J., Forestieri, S. D., Guasco, T. L., Hersey, S. P., Kim, M. J., Lambert, W. F., Modini, R. L., Mui, W., Pedler, B. E., Ruppel, M. J., Ryder, O. S., Schoepp, N. G., Sullivan, R. C., and Zhao, D.: Bringing the ocean into the laboratory to probe the
chemical complexity of sea spray aerosol, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
110, 7550–7555, 2013.
Pullman, G. S. and Buchanan, M.: Identification and quantitative analysis of
stage-specific carbohydrates in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) zygotic embryo
and female gametophyte tissues, Tree Physiol., 28, 985–996, 2008.
Rogge, W. F., Hildemann, L. M., Mazurek, M. A., Cass, G. R., and Simoneit,
B. R. T.: Sources of fine organic aerosol 4: particulate abrasion products
from leaf surfaces of urban plants, Environ. Sci. Technol., 27, 2700–2711,
1993.
Rogge, W. F., Medeiros, P. M., and Simoneit, B. R. T.: Organic marker
compounds in surface soils of crop fields from the San Joaquin Valley
fugitive dust characterization study, Atmos. Environ., 41, 8183–8204, 2007.
Shahid, I., Kistler, M., Mukhtar, A., Ghauri, B. M., Cruz, C. R., Bauer, H.,
and Puxbaum, H.: Chemical characterization and mass closure of PM10 and
PM2.5 at an urban sites in Karachi – Pakistan, Atmos. Environ., 128,
114–123, 2016.
Sang, X., Zhang, Z., Chan, C., and Engling, G.: Source categories and
contribution of biomass smoke to organic aerosol over the southeastern
Tibetan Plateau, Atmos. Environ., 78, 113–123, 2013.
Sarkar, C., Sinha, V., Sinha, B., Panday, A. K., Rupakheti, M., and Lawrence, M. G.: Source apportionment of NMVOCs in the Kathmandu Valley during the SusKat-ABC international field campaign using positive matrix factorization, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8129–8156, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8129-2017, 2017.
Saxena, P. and Hildemann, L. M.: Water-soluble organics in atmospheric
particles: a critical review of the literature and application of
thermodynamics to identify candidate compounds, J. Atmos. Chem., 24, 57–109,
1996.
Schauer, J. J., Rogge, W. F., Hildemann, L. M., Mazurek, M. A., Cass, G. R.,
and Simoneit, B. R. T.: Source apportionment of airborne particulate matter
using organic compounds as tracers, Atmos. Environ., 30, 3837–3855, 1996.
Schkolnik, G. and Rudich, Y.: Detection and quantification of levoglucosan in
atmospheric aerosols: a review, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 385, 26–33, 2006.
Schmidl, C., Marr, I. L., Caseiro, A., Kotianova, P., Berner, A., Bauer, H.,
Kasper-Giebl, A., and Puxbaum, H.: Chemical characterisation of fine
particle emissions from wood stove combustion of common woods growing in
mid-European Alpine regions, Atmos. Environ., 42, 126–141, 2008.
Serreze, M. C., Walsh, J. E., Chapin, F. S., Osterkamp, T., Dyurgerov, M.,
Romanovsky, V., Oechel, W. C., Morison, J., Zhang, T., and Barry, R. G.:
Observational evidence of recent change in the northern high latitude
environment, Climatic Change, 46, 159–207, 2000.
Shakya, K. M. and Peltier, R. E.: Investigating missing sources of sulfur at
Fairbanks, Alaska, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 9332–9338, 2013.
Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S. N.: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, John
Wiley & Sons, New York, 1998.
Shafizadeh, F. and Fu, Y.: Pyrolysis of cellulose, Carbohyd. Res.,
29, 113–122, 1973.
Shakya, K. M., Louchouarn, P., and Griffin, R. J.: Lignin derived phenols in
Houston aerosols: implications for natural background sources, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 45, 8268–8275, 2011.
Sheesley, R. J., Schauer, J. J., Chowdhury, Z., Cass, G. R., and Simoneit,
B. R. T.: Characterization of organic aerosols emitted from the combustion
of biomass indigenous to South Asia, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4285,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002981, 2003.
Sidhu, S., Gullett, B., Striebich, R., Klosterman, J., Contreras, J., and
DeVito, M.: Endocrine disrupting chemical emissions from combustion sources:
diesel particulate emissions and domestic waste open burn emissions, Atmos.
Environ., 39, 801–811, 2005.
Simoneit, B. R. T.: Biomass burning – a review of organic tracers for smoke
from incomplete combustion, Appl. Geochem., 17, 129–162, 2002.
Simoneit, B. R. T., Sheng, G. Y., Chen, X. J., Fu, J. M., Zhang, J., and Xu,
Y. P.: Molecular marker study of extractable organic-matter in aerosols from
urban areas of China, Atmos. Environ., 25, 2111–2129, 1991.
Simoneit, B. R. T., Rogge, W. F., Mazurek, M. A., Standley, L. J.,
Hildemann, L. M., and Cass, G. R.: Lignin pyrolysis products, lignans and
resin acids as specific tracers of plant classes in emissions from biomass
combustion, Environ. Sci. Technol., 27, 2533–2541, 1993.
Simoneit, B. R. T., Schauer, J. J., Nolte, C. G., Oros, D. R., Elias, V. O.,
Fraser, M. P., Rogge, W. F., and Cass, G. R.: Levoglucosan, a tracer for
cellulose in biomass burning and atmospheric particles, Atmos. Environ., 33,
173–182, 1999.
Simoneit, B. R. T., Kobayashi, M., Mochida, M., Kawamura, K., Lee, M., Lim,
H. J., Turpin, B. J., and Komazaki, Y.: Composition and major source of
organic compounds of aerosol particulate matter sampled during the ACE-Asia
campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D19S10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004598, 2004a.
Simoneit, B. R. T., Elias, V. O., Kobayashi, M., Kawamura, K., Rushdi, A.
I., Medeiros, P. M., Rogge, W. F., and Didyk, B. M.: Sugars-dominant
water-soluble organic compounds in soils and characterization as tracers in
atmospheric particulate matter, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 5939–5949,
2004b.
Staples, C. A., Peterson, D. R., Parkerton, T. F., and Adams, W. J.: The
environmental fate of phthalate esters: a literature review, Chemosphere,
35, 667–749, 1997.
Stocks, B. J., Fosberg, M. A., Wotton, B. M., Lynham, T. J., and Ryan, K.
C.: Climate change and forest fire activity in North American boreal
forests, Ecol. Stud., 138, 368–376, 2000.
Stohl, A., Andrews, E., Burkhart, J. F., Forster, C., Herber, A., Hoch, S. W., Kowal, D., Lunder, C., Mefford, T., Ogren, J. A., Sharma, S., Spichtinger, N., Stebel, K., Stone, R., Strom, J., Torseth, K., Wehrli, C., and Yttri, K. E.: Pan-Arctic enhancements of light absorbing aerosol
concentrations due to North American boreal forest fires during summer 2004,
J. Geophys. Res., 111, D22214, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007216, 2006.
Suh, I., Zhang, R., Molina, L. T., and Molina, M. J.: Oxidation mechanism of
aromatic peroxy and bicyclic radicals from OH-toluene reactions, J. Am.
Chem. Soc., 125, 12655–12665, 2003.
Sullivan, A. P., Holden, A. S., Patterson, L. A., McMeeking, G. R.,
Kreidenweis, S. M., Malm, W. C., Hao, W. M., Wold, C. E., and Collet, J. L.:
A method for smoke maker measurements and its potential application for
determining the contribution of biomass burning from wildfires and
prescribed fires to ambient PM2.5 organic carbon, J. Geophys. Res.,
113, D22302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010216, 2008.
Sullivan, A. P., Frank, N., Kenski, D. M., and Collett, J. L.: Application
of high-performance anion-exchange chromatography-pulsed amperometric
detection for measuring carbohydrates in routine daily filter samples
collected by a national network 2: examination of sugar alcohols/polyols,
sugars, and anhydro-sugars in the upper Midwest, J. Geophys. Res., 116,
D08303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014169, 2011.
Surratt, J. D., Murphy, S. M., Kroll, J. H., Ng, N. L., Hildebrandt, L.,
Sorooshian, A., Szmigielski, R., Vermeylen, R., Maenhaut, W., Claeys, M.,
Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Chemical composition of secondary
organic aerosol formed from the photooxidation of isoprene, J. Phys. Chem.
A, 110, 9665–9690, 2006.
Surratt, J. D., Chan, A. W. H., Eddingsaas, N. C., Chan, M. N., Loza, C. L.,
Kwan, A. J., Hersey, S. P., Flagan, R. C., Wennberg, P. O., and Seinfeld, J.
H.: Reactive intermediates revealed in secondary organic aerosol formation
from isoprene, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 6640–6645, 2010.
Swan, S. H., Main, K. M., Liu, F., Stewart, S. L., Kruse, R. L., Calafat, A.
M., Mao, C. S., Redmon, J. B., Ternand, C. L., Sullivan, S., and Teague, J.
L.: Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal
phthalate exposure, Environ. Health Persp., 113, 1056–1061, 2005.
Thepnuan, D., Chantara, S., Lee, C. T., Lin, N. H., and Tsai, Y. I.:
Molecular markers for biomass burning associated with the characterization
of PM2.5 and component sources during dry season haze episodes in Upper
South East Asia, Sci. Total Environ., 658, 708–722, 2019.
Thuren, A. and Larsson, P.: Phthalate esters in the Swedish atmosphere,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 24, 554–559, 1990.
Verma, S. K., Kawamura, K., Chen, J., Fu, P., and Zhu, C.: Thirteen years of
observations on biomass burning organic tracers over Chichijima Island in
the western North Pacific: an outflow region of Asian aerosols, J. Geophys.
Res., 120, 4155–4168, 2015.
Wan, X., Kang, S., Li, Q., Rupakheti, D., Zhang, Q., Guo, J., Chen, P., Tripathee, L., Rupakheti, M., Panday, A. K., Wang, W., Kawamura, K., Gao, S., Wu, G., and Cong, Z.: Organic molecular tracers in the atmospheric aerosols from Lumbini, Nepal, in the northern Indo-Gangetic Plain: influence of biomass burning, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8867–8885, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8867-2017, 2017.
Wang, G. and Kawamura, K.: Molecular characteristics of urban organic
aerosols from Nanjing: a case study of a mega-city in China, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 39, 7430–7438, 2005.
Wang, G., Kawamura, K., Lee, S., Ho, K. F., and Cao, J. J.: Molecular,
seasonal, and spatial distributions of organic aerosols from fourteen
Chinese cities, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 4619–4625, 2006.
Wang, G. H., Kawamura, K., Zhao, X., Li, Q. G., Dai, Z. X., and Niu, H. Y.:
Identification, abundance and seasonal variation of anthropogenic organic
aerosols from a mega-city in China, Atmos. Environ., 41, 407–416, 2007.
Wang, G., Kawamura, K., Xie, M., Hu, S., Gao, S., Cao, J., An, Z., and Wang, Z.: Size-distributions of n-alkanes, PAHs and hopanes and their sources in the urban, mountain and marine atmospheres over East Asia, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8869–8882, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8869-2009, 2009.
Wang, W., Wu, M. H., Li, L., Zhang, T., Liu, X. D., Feng, J. L., Li, H. J., Wang, Y. J., Sheng, G. Y., Claeys, M., and Fu, J. M.: Polar organic tracers in PM2.5 aerosols from forests in eastern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 7507–7518, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-7507-2008, 2008.
Wang, Y. and Hopke, P. K.: Is Alaska truly the great escape from air
pollution? Long term source apportionment of fine particulate matter in
Fairbanks, Alaska, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 14, 1875–1882, 2014.
Ward, T. J., Hamilton, R. F., Dixon, R. W., Paulsen, M., and Simpson, C. D.:
Characterization and evaluation of smoke tracers in PM: results from the
2003 Montana wildfire season, Atmos. Environ., 40, 7005–7017, 2006.
Ward, T., Trost, B., Conner, J., Flanagan, J., and Jayanty, R. K. M.: Source
apportionment of PM2.5 in a subarctic airshed – Fairbanks, Alaska,
Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 12, 536–543, 2012.
Ware, D., Lewis, J., Hopkins, S., Boyer, B., Noonan, C., and Ward, T.:
Sources and perceptions of indoor and ambient air pollution in rural Alaska,
J. Commun. Health, 38, 773–780, 2013.
Warneke, C., Bahreini, R., Brioude, J., Brock, C. A., de Gouw, J. A., Fahey, D. W., Froyd, K. D., Holloway, J. S., Middlebrook, A., Miller, L., Montzka, S., Murphy, D. M., Peischl, J., Ryerson, T. B., Schwarz, J. P., Spackman, J. R., and Veres, P.: Biomass burning in Siberia and Kazakhstan as an
important source for haze over the Alaskan Arctic in April 2008, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 36, L02813, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL036194, 2009.
Warneke, C., Froyd, K. D., Brioude, J., Bahreini, R., Brock, C. A., Cozic, J., de Gouw, J. A., Fahey, D. W., Ferrare, R., Holloway, J. S., Middlebrook, A. M., Miller, L., Montzka, S., Schwarz, J. P., Sodemann, H., Spackman, J. R., and Stohl, A.: An important contribution to springtime Arctic aerosol
from biomass burning in Russia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L01801,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL041816, 2010.
Wilkening, K. E., Barrie, L. A., and Engle, M.: Atmospheric science:
trans-Pacific air pollution, Science, 290, 65–67, 2000.
Xie, Z., Ebinghaus, R., Temme, C., Lohmann, R., Caba, A., and Ruck, W.:
Occurrence and air-sea exchange of phthalates in the Arctic, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 41, 4555–4560, 2007.
Yang, Y., Chan, C. Y., Tao, J., Lin, M., Engling, G., Zhang, Z., Zhang, T.,
and Su, L.: Observation of elevated fungal tracers due to biomass burning in
the Sichuan Basin at Chengdu City, China, Sci. Total Environ., 431, 68–77,
2012.
Yokouchi, Y. and Ambe, Y.: Characterization of polar organics in airborne
particulate matter, Atmos. Environ., 20, 1727–1734, 1986.
Zhang, R. Y., Suh, I., Zhao, J., Zhang, D., Fortner, E. C., Tie, X. X.,
Molina, L. T., and Molina, M. J.: Atmospheric new particle formation
enhanced by organic acids, Science, 304, 1487–1490, 2004.
Zhang, T., Engling, G., Chan, C. Y., Zhang, Y. N., Zhang, Z. S., Lin, M.,
Sang, X. F., Li, Y. D., and Li, Y. S.: Contribution of fungal spores to
particulate matter in a tropical rainforest, Environ. Res. Lett., 5, 024010,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/024010, 2010.
Zhang, Y. X., Shao, M., Zhang, Y. H., Zeng, L. M., He, L. Y., Zhu, B., Wei,
Y. J., and Zhu, X. L.: Source profiles of particulate organic matters
emitted from cereal straw burnings, J. Environ. Sci., 19, 167–175, 2007.
Zhu, C., Kawamura, K., and Kunwar, B.: Effect of biomass burning over the western North Pacific Rim: wintertime maxima of anhydrosugars in ambient aerosols from Okinawa, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1959–1973, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1959-2015, 2015.
Zhu, C., Kawamura, K., and Fu, P.: Seasonal variations of biogenic secondary
organic aerosol tracers in Cape Hedo, Okinawa, Atmos. Environ., 130,
113–119, 2016.
Short summary
Organic tracers are useful to understand the sources and formation mechanisms of organic aerosols. We determined organic tracers in PM2.5 samples collected during the summer season of 2009 using a gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer. A notable feature in the Alaskan aerosol is the high levels of anhydrosugars and n-alkanoic acids. Our results demonstrate that forest fires and plant emissions are the crucial factors controlling the organic aerosol burden in the atmosphere of central Alaska.
Organic tracers are useful to understand the sources and formation mechanisms of organic...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint