Articles | Volume 18, issue 19
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14217-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14217-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
08 Oct 2018
Research article |
| 08 Oct 2018
| 08 Oct 2018
The impacts of regional shipping emissions on the chemical characteristics of coastal submicron aerosols near Houston, TX
Benjamin C. Schulze
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
Henry W. Wallace
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
now at: Washington State Department of Ecology, Lacey WA 98503, USA
Alexander T. Bui
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
James H. Flynn
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
Matt H. Erickson
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
now at: TerraGraphics Environmental Engineering, Inc., Pasco, WA 99301, USA
Sergio Alvarez
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air
Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental
Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
Sascha Usenko
Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
Rebecca J. Sheesley
Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
Robert J. Griffin
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
Baoshuang Liu, Yao Gu, Yutong Wu, Qili Dai, Shaojie Song, Yinchang Feng, and Philip K. Hopke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12861–12879, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12861-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12861-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Reactive loss of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a long-term issue yet to be resolved in VOC source analyses. We assess common methods of, and existing issues in, reducing losses, impacts of losses, and sources in current source analyses. We offer a potential supporting role for solving issues of VOC conversion. Source analyses of consumed VOCs that reacted to produce ozone and secondary organic aerosols can play an important role in the effective control of secondary pollution in air.
Akinleye Folorunsho, Jimy Dudhia, John Sullivan, Paul Walter, James Flynn, Travis Griggs, Rebecca Sheesley, Sascha Usenko, Guillaume Gronoff, Mark Estes, and Yang Li
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1190, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1190, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study investigates the factors driving high ozone levels over the Houston urban area. Using advanced modeling techniques and real-world measurements, we found vehicle and industrial emissions especially of highly reactive organic compounds play a key role in ozone formation. Our study highlights spatial and temporal changes in ozone sensitivity and variability of atmosphere's self-cleaning capacity to emissions, signifying effective ways of controlling emissions to mitigate urban ozone.
Meghan Guagenti, Darielle Dexheimer, Alexandra Ulinksi, Paul Walter, James H. Flynn III, and Sascha Usenko
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-96, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-96, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for AMT
Short summary
Short summary
A robust, automatic VOC collection system was developed for vertical volatile organic compounds (VOCs) sampling associated with the 2022 DOE ARM program-led TRACER in Houston, TX. This modular sampler has been developed to measure vertical profiles of VOCs to improve near-surface characterization. This article helps fill the current lack of commercially available options for aerial VOC sampling and serves to support and encourage researchers to build and develop custom samplers.
Zhongwei Luo, Yan Han, Kun Hua, Yufen Zhang, Jianhui Wu, Xiaohui Bi, Qili Dai, Baoshuang Liu, Yang Chen, Xin Long, and Yinchang Feng
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 6757–6771, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6757-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6757-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores how the variation in the source profiles adopted in chemical transport models (CTMs) impacts the simulated results of chemical components in PM2.5 based on sensitivity analysis. The impact on PM2.5 components cannot be ignored, and its influence can be transmitted and linked between components. The representativeness and timeliness of the source profile should be paid adequate attention in air quality simulation.
Sujan Shrestha, Shan Zhou, Manisha Mehra, Meghan Guagenti, Subin Yoon, Sergio L. Alvarez, Fangzhou Guo, Chun-Ying Chao, James H. Flynn III, Yuxuan Wang, Robert J. Griffin, Sascha Usenko, and Rebecca J. Sheesley
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10845–10867, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10845-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10845-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated different methods for assessing the influence of long-range transport of biomass burning (BB) plumes at a coastal site in Texas, USA. We show that the aerosol composition and optical properties exhibited good agreement, while CO and acetonitrile trends were less specific for assessing BB source influence. Our results demonstrate that the network of aerosol optical measurements can be useful for identifying the influence of aged BB plumes in anthropogenically influenced areas.
Xueying Liu, Yuxuan Wang, Shailaja Wasti, Wei Li, Ehsan Soleimanian, James Flynn, Travis Griggs, Sergio Alvarez, John T. Sullivan, Maurice Roots, Laurence Twigg, Guillaume Gronoff, Timothy Berkoff, Paul Walter, Mark Estes, Johnathan W. Hair, Taylor Shingler, Amy Jo Scarino, Marta Fenn, and Laura Judd
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 5493–5514, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5493-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5493-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
With a comprehensive suite of ground-based and airborne remote sensing measurements during the 2021 TRacking Aerosol Convection ExpeRiment – Air Quality (TRACER-AQ) campaign in Houston, this study evaluates the simulation of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) height and the ozone vertical profile by a high-resolution (1.33 km) 3-D photochemical model Weather Research and Forecasting-driven GEOS-Chem (WRF-GC).
Brandon Bottorff, Michelle M. Lew, Youngjun Woo, Pamela Rickly, Matthew D. Rollings, Benjamin Deming, Daniel C. Anderson, Ezra Wood, Hariprasad D. Alwe, Dylan B. Millet, Andrew Weinheimer, Geoff Tyndall, John Ortega, Sebastien Dusanter, Thierry Leonardis, James Flynn, Matt Erickson, Sergio Alvarez, Jean C. Rivera-Rios, Joshua D. Shutter, Frank Keutsch, Detlev Helmig, Wei Wang, Hannah M. Allen, Johnathan H. Slade, Paul B. Shepson, Steven Bertman, and Philip S. Stevens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10287–10311, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10287-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10287-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The hydroxyl (OH), hydroperoxy (HO2), and organic peroxy (RO2) radicals play important roles in atmospheric chemistry and have significant air quality implications. Here, we compare measurements of OH, HO2, and total peroxy radicals (XO2) made in a remote forest in Michigan, USA, to predictions from a series of chemical models. Lower measured radical concentrations suggest that the models may be missing an important radical sink and overestimating the rate of ozone production in this forest.
Subin Yoon, Alexander Kotsakis, Sergio L. Alvarez, Mark G. Spychala, Elizabeth Klovenski, Paul Walter, Gary Morris, Ernesto Corrales, Alfredo Alan, Jorge A. Diaz, and James H. Flynn
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4373–4384, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4373-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4373-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
SO2 is adverse to human health and the environment. A single SO2 sonde was developed to provide direct SO2 measurement with a greater vertical extent, a lower limit of detection, and less uncertainty relative to the previous dual-sonde method. The single sonde was tested in the field near volcanoes and anthropogenic sources where the sonde measured SO2 ranging from 0.5 to 940 ppb. This lighter-weight payload can be a great candidate to attach to small drones and unmanned aerial vehicles.
Baoshuang Liu, Yanyang Wang, He Meng, Qili Dai, Liuli Diao, Jianhui Wu, Laiyuan Shi, Jing Wang, Yufen Zhang, and Yinchang Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8597–8615, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8597-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8597-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding effectiveness of air pollution regulatory measures is critical for control policy. Machine learning and dispersion-normalized approaches were applied to decouple meteorologically deduced variations in Qingdao, China. Most pollutant concentrations decreased substantially after the Clean Air Action Plan. The largest emission reduction was from coal combustion and steel-related smelting. Qingdao is at risk of increased emissions from increased vehicular population and ozone pollution.
Alexander A. T. Bui, Henry W. Wallace, Sarah Kavassalis, Hariprasad D. Alwe, James H. Flynn, Matt H. Erickson, Sergio Alvarez, Dylan B. Millet, Allison L. Steiner, and Robert J. Griffin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17031–17050, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17031-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17031-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Differences in atmospheric species above and below a forest canopy provide insight into the relative importance of local mixing, long-range transport, and chemical processes in determining vertical gradients in atmospheric particles in a forested environment. This helps in understanding the flux of climate-relevant material out of the forest to the atmosphere. We studied this in a remote forest using vertically resolved measurements of gases and particles.
Dandan Wei, Hariprasad D. Alwe, Dylan B. Millet, Brandon Bottorff, Michelle Lew, Philip S. Stevens, Joshua D. Shutter, Joshua L. Cox, Frank N. Keutsch, Qianwen Shi, Sarah C. Kavassalis, Jennifer G. Murphy, Krystal T. Vasquez, Hannah M. Allen, Eric Praske, John D. Crounse, Paul O. Wennberg, Paul B. Shepson, Alexander A. T. Bui, Henry W. Wallace, Robert J. Griffin, Nathaniel W. May, Megan Connor, Jonathan H. Slade, Kerri A. Pratt, Ezra C. Wood, Mathew Rollings, Benjamin L. Deming, Daniel C. Anderson, and Allison L. Steiner
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 6309–6329, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6309-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6309-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Over the past decade, understanding of isoprene oxidation has improved, and proper representation of isoprene oxidation and isoprene-derived SOA (iSOA) formation in canopy–chemistry models is now recognized to be important for an accurate understanding of forest–atmosphere exchange. The updated FORCAsT version 2.0 improves the estimation of some isoprene oxidation products and is one of the few canopy models currently capable of simulating SOA formation from monoterpenes and isoprene.
Blake Actkinson, Katherine Ensor, and Robert J. Griffin
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 5809–5821, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5809-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5809-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes the development of a new method used to estimate background from mobile monitoring time series. The method is tested on a previously published dataset, applied to an extensive mobile dataset, and compared with other previously published techniques used to estimate background. The results suggest that the method is a promising framework for background estimation.
Candice L. Sirmollo, Don R. Collins, Jordan M. McCormick, Cassandra F. Milan, Matthew H. Erickson, James H. Flynn, Rebecca J. Sheesley, Sascha Usenko, Henry W. Wallace, Alexander A. T. Bui, Robert J. Griffin, Matthew Tezak, Sean M. Kinahan, and Joshua L. Santarpia
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 3351–3370, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3351-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3351-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The newly developed portable 1 m3 CAGE chamber systems were characterized using data acquired during a 2-month field study in 2016 in a forested area north of Houston, TX, USA. Concentrations of several oxidant and organic compounds measured in the chamber were found to closely agree with those calculated with a zero-dimensional model. By tracking the modes of injected monodisperse particles, a pattern change was observed for hourly averaged growth rates between late summer and early fall.
Loredana G. Suciu, Robert J. Griffin, and Caroline A. Masiello
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 907–921, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-907-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-907-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the atmospheric degradation of biomass burning tracers such as levoglucosan is essential to decreasing uncertainties in the role of biomass burning in air quality, carbon cycling and paleoclimate. Using a 0-D modeling approach and numerical chamber simulations, we found that the multiphase atmospheric degradation of levoglucosan occurs over timescales of hours to days, can form secondary organic aerosols and affects other key tropospheric gases, such as ozone.
Qili Dai, Benjamin C. Schulze, Xiaohui Bi, Alexander A. T. Bui, Fangzhou Guo, Henry W. Wallace, Nancy P. Sanchez, James H. Flynn, Barry L. Lefer, Yinchang Feng, and Robert J. Griffin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 9641–9661, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9641-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9641-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The formation processes of secondary organic aerosol remain to be fully understood. We reported the measurement data from two field campaigns within Houston, TX, to investigate the effects of aqueous-phase chemistry and photochemistry in processing oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) in winter and summer. Both photochemistry and aqueous-phase processing appear to facilitate more-oxidized OOA formation. The processing mechanism of less-oxidized OOA apparently depended on relative humidity.
Heike Wex, Lin Huang, Wendy Zhang, Hayley Hung, Rita Traversi, Silvia Becagli, Rebecca J. Sheesley, Claire E. Moffett, Tate E. Barrett, Rossana Bossi, Henrik Skov, Anja Hünerbein, Jasmin Lubitz, Mareike Löffler, Olivia Linke, Markus Hartmann, Paul Herenz, and Frank Stratmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5293–5311, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5293-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5293-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We found an annual cycle for ice-nucleating particles in the Arctic. These particles are important for Arctic clouds, as they can change the lifetime of clouds. We suggest that higher concentrations of these particles in summertime originate from the Arctic biosphere (both marine and terrestrial). With a warming Arctic, these concentrations may increase further, influencing aerosol–cloud interactions and therewith the observed strong warming of the Arctic.
Xiaohui Bi, Qili Dai, Jianhui Wu, Qing Zhang, Wenhui Zhang, Ruixue Luo, Yuan Cheng, Jiaying Zhang, Lu Wang, Zhuojun Yu, Yufen Zhang, Yingze Tian, and Yinchang Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3223–3243, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3223-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3223-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Source profiles are of great importance for the application of receptor models in source apportionment studies, as they characterize specific sources from a chemical point of view, revealing the signatures of source emissions. Here, a total of 3326 chemical profiles of the main primary sources across China from 1987 to 2017 are reviewed. The results highlight the urgent need for increased investigation of more specific markers beyond routinely measured components to better discriminate sources.
Ibrahim M. Al-Naiema, Anusha P. S. Hettiyadura, Henry W. Wallace, Nancy P. Sanchez, Carter J. Madler, Basak Karakurt Cevik, Alexander A. T. Bui, Josh Kettler, Robert J. Griffin, and Elizabeth A. Stone
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 15601–15622, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15601-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15601-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
By integrating newly developed tracers for anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol in source apportionment for the first time, we estimate that this source contributes 28 % of fine particle organic carbon in the Houston Ship Channel. Our approach can be used to evaluate anthropogenic, biogenic, and biomass burning contributions to secondary organic aerosols elsewhere in the world. Because anthropogenic emissions are potentially controllable, they provide an opportunity to improve air quality.
Congbo Song, Yan Liu, Shida Sun, Luna Sun, Yanjie Zhang, Chao Ma, Jianfei Peng, Qian Li, Jinsheng Zhang, Qili Dai, Baoshuang Liu, Peng Wang, Yi Zhang, Ting Wang, Lin Wu, Min Hu, and Hongjun Mao
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-387, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-387, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Vehicular emission is a key contributor to ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and NOx in Chinese megacities. Information on real-world emission factors (EFs) for a typical urban fleet is still limited. We found that improvement of fuel quality can significantly reduce feet-average EFs of VOCs (especially for BTEX). Our study provided implications for O3 control in China from the view of primary emission, and highlighted the importance of further control of evaporative emissions.
Baoshuang Liu, Yuan Cheng, Ming Zhou, Danni Liang, Qili Dai, Lu Wang, Wei Jin, Lingzhi Zhang, Yibin Ren, Jingbo Zhou, Chunling Dai, Jiao Xu, Jiao Wang, Yinchang Feng, and Yufen Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 7019–7039, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7019-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7019-2018, 2018
Matthew J. Gunsch, Rachel M. Kirpes, Katheryn R. Kolesar, Tate E. Barrett, Swarup China, Rebecca J. Sheesley, Alexander Laskin, Alfred Wiedensohler, Thomas Tuch, and Kerri A. Pratt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 10879–10892, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10879-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10879-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic sea ice loss is leading to increasing petroleum extraction and shipping. It is necessary to identify emissions from these activities for improved Arctic air quality and climate assessment. Atmospheric particles were measured from August to September 2015 in Utqiaġvik, AK. For periods influenced by Prudhoe Bay, significant influence associated with combustion emissions was observed, compared to fresh sea spray influence during Arctic Ocean periods.
Loredana G. Suciu, Robert J. Griffin, and Caroline A. Masiello
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 6565–6581, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6565-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6565-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding of the variability of ozone (O3) in space and time is essential to the design of efficient air quality controls. We used statistical analysis of O3, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and weather measurements to estimate the large-scale contributions of O3 and NOx in southeastern Texas. We found that these “external” contributions have declined over time, likely due to a combination of controls on O3 precursors and increases in the frequency of prevailing southerly flow from the Gulf of Mexico.
Nga Lee Ng, Steven S. Brown, Alexander T. Archibald, Elliot Atlas, Ronald C. Cohen, John N. Crowley, Douglas A. Day, Neil M. Donahue, Juliane L. Fry, Hendrik Fuchs, Robert J. Griffin, Marcelo I. Guzman, Hartmut Herrmann, Alma Hodzic, Yoshiteru Iinuma, José L. Jimenez, Astrid Kiendler-Scharr, Ben H. Lee, Deborah J. Luecken, Jingqiu Mao, Robert McLaren, Anke Mutzel, Hans D. Osthoff, Bin Ouyang, Benedicte Picquet-Varrault, Ulrich Platt, Havala O. T. Pye, Yinon Rudich, Rebecca H. Schwantes, Manabu Shiraiwa, Jochen Stutz, Joel A. Thornton, Andreas Tilgner, Brent J. Williams, and Rahul A. Zaveri
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 2103–2162, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2103-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2103-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds by NO3 is an important interaction between anthropogenic
and natural emissions. This review results from a June 2015 workshop and includes the recent literature
on kinetics, mechanisms, organic aerosol yields, and heterogeneous chemistry; advances in analytical
instrumentation; the current state NO3-BVOC chemistry in atmospheric models; and critical needs for
future research in modeling, field observations, and laboratory studies.
Benjamin C. Schulze, Henry W. Wallace, James H. Flynn, Barry L. Lefer, Matt H. Erickson, B. Tom Jobson, Sebastien Dusanter, Stephen M. Griffith, Robert F. Hansen, Philip S. Stevens, Timothy VanReken, and Robert J. Griffin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 1805–1828, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1805-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1805-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The atmospheric chemistry associated with mixing of anthropogenic and natural species was simulated to understand how shade provided by a forest canopy impacts reactions, product distribution, and subsequent phase distribution of the products. This is important to understand, as forested areas downwind of urban areas will be impacted by this phenomenon. It was found that fast transport from below the canopy led to increases in secondary organic aerosol from nitrate radicals above the canopy.
Matthew L. Dawson, Jialu Xu, Robert J. Griffin, and Donald Dabdub
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 2143–2151, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2143-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2143-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The atmospheric oxidation of aromatic compounds is an important source of aerosol-forming species, and thus contributes to pollution in urban areas. However, details of the mechanisms by which oxidation occurs are only recently being elucidated. Here we report the incorporation of a newly developed mechanism for aromatic oxidation into the UCI-CIT regional air quality model. Results suggest an unexpected role for chemical pathways typically associated with cleaner environments.
K. Ashworth, S. H. Chung, R. J. Griffin, J. Chen, R. Forkel, A. M. Bryan, and A. L. Steiner
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 3765–3784, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3765-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3765-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Volatile organic compounds released from forests into the atmosphere play a key role in governing atmospheric concentrations of trace gases and aerosol particles. We describe the development of a 1-D model that simulates the processes occurring within and above the forest canopy that regulate the transfer of these compounds and their products. We evaluate model performance by comparison of modelled concentrations against measurements from a field campaign at a northern Michigan forest site.
B. Rappenglück, L. Ackermann, S. Alvarez, J. Golovko, M. Buhr, R. A. Field, J. Soltis, D. C. Montague, B. Hauze, S. Adamson, D. Risch, G. Wilkerson, D. Bush, T. Stoeckenius, and C. Keslar
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 4909–4934, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4909-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4909-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Significant role of biomass burning in heavy haze formation in Nanjing, a megacity in China: molecular-level insights from intensive PM2.5 sampling on winter hazy days
Widespread trace bromine and iodine in remote tropospheric non-sea-salt aerosols
Formation and chemical evolution of secondary organic aerosol in two different environments: a dual-chamber study
Technical note: Quantified organic aerosol subsaturated hygroscopicity by a simple optical scatter monitor system through field measurements
Measurement report: Oxidation potential of water-soluble aerosol components in the south and north of Beijing
Enhanced daytime secondary aerosol formation driven by gas–particle partitioning in downwind urban plumes
Understanding the mechanism and importance of brown carbon bleaching across the visible spectrum in biomass burning plumes from the WE-CAN campaign
Influence of terrestrial and marine air mass on the constituents and intermixing of bioaerosols over a coastal atmosphere
A multi-site passive approach to studying the emissions and evolution of smoke from prescribed fires
The annual cycle and sources of relevant aerosol precursor vapors in the central Arctic during the MOSAiC expedition
Opinion: How will advances in aerosol science inform our understanding of the health impacts of outdoor particulate pollution?
Measurement report: Intra-annual variability of black carbon and brown carbon and their interrelation with meteorological conditions over Gangtok, Sikkim
Long-range transport of air pollutants increases the concentration of hazardous components of PM2.5 in northern South America
Dominant influence of biomass combustion and cross-border transport on nitrogen-containing organic compound levels in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Impacts of elevated anthropogenic emissions on physicochemical characteristics of black-carbon-containing particles over the Tibetan Plateau
Online characterization of primary and secondary emissions of particulate matter and acidic molecules from a modern fleet of city buses
Atmospheric evolution of environmentally persistent free radicals in the rural North China Plain: effects on water solubility and PM2.5 oxidative potential
Two distinct ship emission profiles for organic-sulfate source apportionment of PM in sulfur emission control areas
Automated compound speciation, cluster analysis, and quantification of organic vapors and aerosols using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
Measurement report: Occurrence of aminiums in PM2.5 during winter in China – aminium outbreak during polluted episodes and potential constraints
Bridging gas and aerosol properties between the northeastern US and Bermuda: analysis of eight transit flights
The behaviour of charged particles (ions) during new particle formation events in urban Leipzig, Germany
Sensitivity of aerosol and cloud properties to coupling strength of marine boundary layer clouds over the northwest Atlantic
Exploring the sources of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols by integrating observational and modeling results: insights from Northeast China
Characterization of atmospheric water-soluble brown carbon in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Canada
Measurement report: Characteristics of airborne black-carbon-containing particles during the 2021 summer COVID-19 lockdown in a typical Yangtze River Delta city, China
Aerosol optical properties within the atmospheric boundary layer predicted from ground-based observations compared to Raman lidar retrievals during RITA-2021
Hygroscopic growth and activation changed submicron aerosol composition and properties in the North China Plain
Measurement report: Formation of tropospheric brown carbon in a lifting air mass
Vertical variability of aerosol properties and trace gases over a remote marine region: a case study over Bermuda
Differences in aerosol and cloud properties along the central California coast when winds change from northerly to southerly
International airport emissions and their impact on local air quality: chemical speciation of ambient aerosols at Madrid–Barajas Airport during the AVIATOR campaign
The local ship speed reduction effect on black carbon emissions measured at a remote marine station
High-altitude aerosol chemical characterization and source identification: insights from the CALISHTO campaign
Measurement report: Impact of emission control measures on environmental persistent free radicals and reactive oxygen species – a short-term case study in Beijing
Characterizing water solubility of fresh and aged secondary organic aerosol in PM2.5 with the stable carbon isotope technique
Measurement report: Impact of cloud processes on secondary organic aerosols at a forested mountain site in southeastern China
Critical contribution of chemically diverse carbonyl molecules to the oxidative potential of atmospheric aerosols
Seasonal Investigation of Ultrafine Particle Composition in an Eastern Amazonian Rainforest
Measurement report: Vanadium-containing ship exhaust particles detected in and above the marine boundary layer in the remote atmosphere
Diverging trends in aerosol sulfate and nitrate measured in the remote North Atlantic in Barbados are attributed to clean air policies, African smoke, and anthropogenic emissions
Diverse sources and aging change the mixing state and ice nucleation properties of aerosol particles over the western Pacific and Southern Ocean
The water-insoluble organic carbon in PM2.5 of typical Chinese urban areas: light-absorbing properties, potential sources, radiative forcing effects, and a possible light-absorbing continuum
Measurement report: Size-resolved secondary organic aerosol formation modulated by aerosol water uptake in wintertime haze
Observations of high time-resolution and size-resolved aerosol chemical composition and microphyscis in the central Arctic: implications for climate-relevant particle properties
Brown carbon aerosol in rural Germany: sources, chemistry, and diurnal variations
In situ measurement of organic aerosol molecular markers in urban Hong Kong during a summer period: temporal variations and source apportionment
Technical note: Determining chemical composition of atmospheric single particles by a standard-free mass calibration algorithm
Different formation pathways of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in aerosols and fog water in northern China
Burning conditions and transportation pathways determine biomass-burning aerosol properties in the Ascension Island marine boundary layer
Mingjie Kang, Mengying Bao, Wenhuai Song, Aduburexiati Abulimiti, Changliu Wu, Fang Cao, Sönke Szidat, and Yanlin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 73–91, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-73-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-73-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Reports on molecular-level knowledge of high-temporal-resolution particulate matter ≤2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) on hazy days are limited. We investigated various PM2.5 species and their sources. The results show biomass burning (BB) was the main source of organic carbon. Moreover, BB enhanced fungal spore emissions and secondary aerosol formation. The contribution of non-fossil sources increased with increasing haze pollution, suggesting BB may be an important driver of haze events in winter.
Gregory P. Schill, Karl D. Froyd, Daniel M. Murphy, Christina J. Williamson, Charles A. Brock, Tomás Sherwen, Mat J. Evans, Eric A. Ray, Eric C. Apel, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, Alan J. Hills, Jeff Peischl, Thomas B. Ryerson, Chelsea R. Thompson, Ilann Bourgeois, Donald R. Blake, Joshua P. DiGangi, and Glenn S. Diskin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 45–71, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-45-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-45-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Using single-particle mass spectrometry, we show that trace concentrations of bromine and iodine are ubiquitous in remote tropospheric aerosol and suggest that aerosols are an important part of the global reactive iodine budget. Comparisons to a global climate model with detailed iodine chemistry are favorable in the background atmosphere; however, the model cannot replicate our measurements near the ocean surface, in biomass burning plumes, and in the stratosphere.
Andreas Aktypis, Dontavious J. Sippial, Christina N. Vasilakopoulou, Angeliki Matrali, Christos Kaltsonoudis, Andrea Simonati, Marco Paglione, Matteo Rinaldi, Stefano Decesari, and Spyros N. Pandis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13769–13791, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13769-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13769-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A dual-chamber system was deployed in two different environments (Po Valley, Italy, and Pertouli forest, Greece) to study the potential of ambient air directly injected into the chambers, to form secondary organic aerosol (SOA). In the Po Valley, the system reacts rapidly, forming large amounts of SOA, while in Pertouli the SOA formation chemistry appears to have been practically terminated before the beginning of most experiments, so there is little additional SOA formation potential left.
Jie Zhang, Tianyu Zhu, Alexandra Catena, Yaowei Li, Margaret J. Schwab, Pengfei Liu, Akua Asa-Awuku, and James Schwab
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13445–13456, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13445-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13445-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows the derived organic aerosol hygroscopicity under high-humidity conditions based on a simple optical scatter monitor system, including two nephelometric monitors (pDR-1500), when the aerosol chemical composition is already known.
Wei Yuan, Ru-Jin Huang, Chao Luo, Lu Yang, Wenjuan Cao, Jie Guo, and Huinan Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13219–13230, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13219-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13219-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We characterized water-soluble oxidative potential (OP) levels in wintertime PM2.5 in the south and north of Beijing. Our results show that the volume-normalized dithiothreitol (DTTv) in the north was comparable to that in the south, while the mass-normalized dithiothreitol (DTTm) in the north was almost twice that in the south. Traffic-related emissions and biomass burning were the main sources of DTTv in the south, and traffic-related emissions contributed the most to DTTv in the north.
Mingfu Cai, Chenshuo Ye, Bin Yuan, Shan Huang, E Zheng, Suxia Yang, Zelong Wang, Yi Lin, Tiange Li, Weiwei Hu, Wei Chen, Qicong Song, Wei Li, Yuwen Peng, Baoling Liang, Qibin Sun, Jun Zhao, Duohong Chen, Jiaren Sun, Zhiyong Yang, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13065–13079, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13065-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13065-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the daytime secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in urban plumes. We observed a significant daytime SOA formation through gas–particle partitioning when the site was affected by urban plumes. A box model simulation indicated that urban pollutants (nitrogen oxide and volatile organic compounds) could enhance the oxidizing capacity, while the elevated volatile organic compounds were mainly responsible for promoting daytime SOA formation.
Yingjie Shen, Rudra P. Pokhrel, Amy P. Sullivan, Ezra J. T. Levin, Lauren A. Garofalo, Delphine K. Farmer, Wade Permar, Lu Hu, Darin W. Toohey, Teresa Campos, Emily V. Fischer, and Shane M. Murphy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12881–12901, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12881-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12881-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The magnitude and evolution of brown carbon (BrC) absorption remain unclear, with uncertainty in climate models. Data from the WE-CAN airborne experiment show that model parameterizations overestimate the mass absorption cross section (MAC) of BrC. Observed decreases in BrC absorption with chemical markers are due to decreasing organic aerosol (OA) mass rather than a decreasing BrC MAC, which is currently implemented in models. Water-soluble BrC contributes 23 % of total absorption at 660 nm.
Qun He, Zhaowen Wang, Houfeng Liu, Pengju Xu, Rongbao Duan, Caihong Xu, Jianmin Chen, and Min Wei
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12775–12792, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12775-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12775-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal environments provide an ideal setting for investigating the intermixing of terrestrial and marine aerosols. Terrestrial air mass constituted a larger number of microbes from anthropogenic and soil emissions, whereas saprophytic and gut microbes were predominant in marine samples. Mixed air masses indicated a fusion of marine and terrestrial aerosols, characterized by alterations in the ratio of pathogenic and saprophytic microbes when compared to either terrestrial or marine samples.
Rime El Asmar, Zongrun Li, David J. Tanner, Yongtao Hu, Susan O'Neill, L. Gregory Huey, M. Talat Odman, and Rodney J. Weber
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12749–12773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12749-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12749-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Prescribed burning is an important method for managing ecosystems and preventing wildfires. However, smoke from prescribed fires can have a significant impact on air quality. Here, using a network of fixed sites and sampling throughout an extended prescribed burning period in 2 different years, we characterize emissions and evolutions of up to 8 h of PM2.5 mass, black carbon (BC), and brown carbon (BrC) in smoke from burning of forested lands in the southeastern USA.
Matthew Boyer, Diego Aliaga, Lauriane L. J. Quéléver, Silvia Bucci, Hélène Angot, Lubna Dada, Benjamin Heutte, Lisa Beck, Marina Duetsch, Andreas Stohl, Ivo Beck, Tiia Laurila, Nina Sarnela, Roseline C. Thakur, Branka Miljevic, Markku Kulmala, Tuukka Petäjä, Mikko Sipilä, Julia Schmale, and Tuija Jokinen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12595–12621, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12595-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12595-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze the seasonal cycle and sources of gases that are relevant for the formation of aerosol particles in the central Arctic. Since theses gases can form new particles, they can influence Arctic climate. We show that the sources of these gases are associated with changes in the Arctic environment during the year, especially with respect to sea ice. Therefore, the concentration of these gases will likely change in the future as the Arctic continues to warm.
Imad El Haddad, Danielle Vienneau, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Robin Modini, Jay G. Slowik, Abhishek Upadhyay, Petros N. Vasilakos, David Bell, Kees de Hoogh, and Andre S. H. Prevot
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11981–12011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11981-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11981-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This opinion paper explores how advances in aerosol science inform our understanding of the health impacts of outdoor particulate pollution. We advocate for a shift in the way we target PM pollution, focusing on the most harmful anthropogenic emissions. We highlight key observations, modelling developments, and emission measurements needed to achieve this shift.
Pramod Kumar, Khushboo Sharma, Ankita Malu, Rajeev Rajak, Aparna Gupta, Bidyutjyoti Baruah, Shailesh Yadav, Thupstan Angchuk, Jayant Sharma, Rakesh Kumar Ranjan, Anil Kumar Misra, and Nishchal Wanjari
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11585–11601, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11585-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11585-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work monitors and assesses air pollution, especially black and brown carbon, its controlling factor, and its effect on the environment of Sikkim Himalayan region. The huge urban sprawl in recent decades has led to regional human-induced air pollution in the region. Black carbon was highest in April 2021 and March 2022, exceeding the WHO limit. The monsoon season causes huge rainfall over the region, which reduces the pollutants by scavenging (rainout and washout).
Maria P. Velásquez-García, K. Santiago Hernández, James A. Vergara-Correa, Richard J. Pope, Miriam Gómez-Marín, and Angela M. Rendón
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11497–11520, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11497-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11497-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In the Aburrá Valley, northern South America, local emissions determine air quality conditions. However, we found that external sources, such as regional fires, Saharan dust, and volcanic emissions, increase particulate concentrations and worsen chemical composition by introducing elements like heavy metals. Dry winds and source variability contribute to seasonal influences on these events. This study assesses the air quality risks posed by such events, which can affect broad regions worldwide.
Meng Wang, Qiyuan Wang, Steven Sai Hang Ho, Jie Tian, Yong Zhang, Shun-cheng Lee, and Junji Cao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11175–11189, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11175-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11175-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We studied nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) in particulate matter <2.5 µm particles on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. We found that biomass burning and transboundary transport are the main sources of NOCs in the high-altitude area. Understanding these aerosol sources informs how they add to regional and potentially global climate changes. Our findings could help shape effective environmental policies to enhance air quality and address climate impacts in this sensitive region.
Jinbo Wang, Jiaping Wang, Yuxuan Zhang, Tengyu Liu, Xuguang Chi, Xin Huang, Dafeng Ge, Shiyi Lai, Caijun Zhu, Lei Wang, Qiaozhi Zha, Ximeng Qi, Wei Nie, Congbin Fu, and Aijun Ding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11063–11080, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11063-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11063-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we found large spatial discrepancies in the physical and chemical properties of black carbon over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Elevated anthropogenic emissions from low-altitude regions can significantly change the mass concentration, mixing state and chemical composition of black-carbon-containing aerosol in the TP region, further altering its light absorption ability. Our study emphasizes the vulnerability of remote plateau regions to intense anthropogenic influences.
Liyuan Zhou, Qianyun Liu, Christian M. Salvador, Michael Le Breton, Mattias Hallquist, Jian Zhen Yu, Chak K. Chan, and Åsa M. Hallquist
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11045–11061, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11045-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11045-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research on city bus emissions reveals that alternative fuels (compressed natural gas and biofuels) reduce fresh particle emissions compared to diesel. However, all fuels lead to secondary air pollution. Aiming at guiding better environmental policies, we studied 76 buses using advanced emission measurement techniques. This work sheds light on the complex effects of bus fuels on urban air quality, emphasizing the need for comprehensive evaluations of future transportation technologies.
Xu Yang, Fobang Liu, Shuqi Yang, Yuling Yang, Yanan Wang, Jingjing Li, Mingyu Zhao, Zhao Wang, Kai Wang, Chi He, and Haijie Tong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11029–11043, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11029-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11029-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A study in the rural North China Plain showed environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in atmospheric particulate matter (PM), with a notable water-soluble fraction likely from atmospheric oxidation during transport. Significant positive correlations between EPFRs and the water-soluble oxidative potential of PM2.5 were found, primarily attributable to the water-soluble fractions of EPFRs. These findings emphasize understanding EPFRs' atmospheric evolution for climate and health impacts.
Kirsten N. Fossum, Chunshui Lin, Niall O'Sullivan, Lu Lei, Stig Hellebust, Darius Ceburnis, Aqeel Afzal, Anja Tremper, David Green, Srishti Jain, Steigvilė Byčenkienė, Colin O'Dowd, John Wenger, and Jurgita Ovadnevaite
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10815–10831, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10815-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10815-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical composition and sources of submicron aerosol in the Dublin Port area were investigated over a month-long campaign. Two distinct types of ship emissions were identified and characterised: sulfate-rich plumes from the use of heavy fuel oil with scrubbers and organic-rich plumes from the use of low-sulfur fuels. The latter were more frequent, emitting double the particle number and having a typical V / Ni ratio for ship emission.
Xiao He, Xuan Zheng, Shuwen Guo, Lewei Zeng, Ting Chen, Bohan Yang, Shupei Xiao, Qiongqiong Wang, Zhiyuan Li, Yan You, Shaojun Zhang, and Ye Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10655–10666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10655-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10655-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces an innovative method for identifying and quantifying complex organic vapors and aerosols. By combining advanced analytical techniques and new algorithms, we categorized thousands of compounds from heavy-duty diesel vehicles and ambient air and highlighted specific tracers for emission sources. The innovative approach enhances peak identification, reduces quantification uncertainties, and offers new insights for air quality management and atmospheric chemistry.
Yu Xu, Tang Liu, Yi-Jia Ma, Qi-Bin Sun, Hong-Wei Xiao, Hao Xiao, Hua-Yun Xiao, and Cong-Qiang Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10531–10542, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10531-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10531-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the characteristics of aminiums and ammonium in PM2.5 on clean and polluted winter days in 11 Chinese cities, highlighting the possibility of the competitive uptake of ammonia versus amines on acidic aerosols or the displacement of aminiums by ammonia under high-ammonia conditions. The overall results deepen the understanding of the spatiotemporal differences in aminium characteristics and formation in China.
Cassidy Soloff, Taiwo Ajayi, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, Francesca Gallo, Johnathan W. Hair, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Simon Kirschler, Richard H. Moore, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10385–10408, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10385-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10385-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using aircraft measurements over the northwestern Atlantic between the US East Coast and Bermuda and trajectory modeling of continental outflow, we identify trace gas and particle properties that exhibit gradients with offshore distance and quantify these changes with high-resolution measurements of concentrations and particle chemistry, size, and scattering properties. This work furthers our understanding of the complex interactions between continental and marine environments.
Alex Rowell, James Brean, David C. S. Beddows, Zongbo Shi, Avinash Kumar, Matti Rissanen, Miikka Dal Maso, Peter Mettke, Kay Weinhold, Maik Merkel, and Roy M. Harrison
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10349–10361, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10349-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10349-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ions enhance the formation and growth rates of new particles, affecting the Earth's radiation budget. Despite these effects, there is little published data exploring the sources of ions in the urban environment and their role in new particle formation (NPF). Here we show that natural ion sources dominate in urban environments, while traffic is a secondary source. Ions contribute up to 12.7 % of the formation rate of particles, indicating that they are important for forming urban PM.
Kira Zeider, Kayla McCauley, Sanja Dmitrovic, Leong Wai Siu, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Simon Kirschler, John B. Nowak, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, Paquita Zuidema, and Armin Sorooshian
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2743, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2743, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In-situ aircraft data collected over the northwest Atlantic Ocean are utilized to compare aerosol conditions and turbulence between near-surface and below cloud base altitudes for different regimes of coupling strength between those two levels, along with how cloud microphysical properties vary across those regimes. Stronger coupling yields more homogenous aerosol structure vertically along with higher cloud drop concentrations and sea salt influence in clouds.
Yuan Cheng, Xu-bing Cao, Sheng-qiang Zhu, Zhi-qing Zhang, Jiu-meng Liu, Hong-liang Zhang, Qiang Zhang, and Ke-bin He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9869–9883, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9869-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9869-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The agreement between observational and modeling results is essential for the development of efficient air pollution control strategies. Here we constrained the modeling results of carbonaceous aerosols by field observation in Northeast China, a historically overlooked but recently targeted region of national clean-air actions. Our study suggested that the simulation of agricultural fire emissions and secondary organic aerosols remains challenging.
Dane Blanchard, Mark Gordon, Duc Huy Dang, Paul Andrew Makar, and Julian Aherne
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2584, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2584, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study offers the first known evaluation of water-soluble brown carbon aerosols in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR), Canada. Fluorescence spectroscopy analysis of aerosol samples from five regional sites (summer 2021) found that oil sands operations were a measurable source of brown carbon. Industrial aerosol emissions may impact atmospheric reaction chemistry and albedo. These findings demonstrate that fluorescence spectroscopy can be applied to monitor brown carbon in the ASOR.
Yuan Dai, Junfeng Wang, Houjun Wang, Shijie Cui, Yunjiang Zhang, Haiwei Li, Yun Wu, Ming Wang, Eleonora Aruffo, and Xinlei Ge
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9733–9748, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9733-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9733-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Short-term strict emission control can improve air quality, but its effectiveness needs assessment. During the 2021 summer COVID-19 lockdown in Yangzhou, we found that PM2.5 levels did not decrease despite reduced primary emissions. Aged black-carbon particles increased substantially due to higher O3 levels and transported pollutants. High humidity and low wind also played key roles. The results highlight the importance of a regionally balanced control strategy for future air quality management.
Xinya Liu, Diego Alves Gouveia, Bas Henzing, Arnoud Apituley, Arjan Hensen, Danielle van Dinther, Rujin Huang, and Ulrike Dusek
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9597–9614, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9597-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9597-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The vertical distribution of aerosol optical properties is important for their effect on climate. This is usually measured by lidar, which has limitations, most notably the assumption of a lidar ratio. Our study shows that routine surface-level aerosol measurements are able to predict this lidar ratio reasonably well within the lower layers of the atmosphere and thus provide a relatively simple and cost-effective method to improve lidar measurements.
Weiqi Xu, Ye Kuang, Wanyun Xu, Zhiqiang Zhang, Biao Luo, Xiaoyi Zhang, Jiangchuang Tao, Hongqin Qiao, Li Liu, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9387–9399, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9387-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9387-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We deployed an advanced aerosol–fog sampling system at a rural site in the North China Plain to investigate impacts of aerosol hygroscopic growth and activation on the physicochemical properties of submicron aerosols. Observed results highlighted remarkably different aqueous processing of primary and secondary submicron aerosol components under distinct ambient relative humidity (RH) conditions and that RH levels significantly impact aerosol sampling through the aerosol swelling effect.
Can Wu, Xiaodi Liu, Ke Zhang, Si Zhang, Cong Cao, Jianjun Li, Rui Li, Fan Zhang, and Gehui Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9263–9275, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9263-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9263-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Brown carbon (BrC) is prevalent in the troposphere and can efficiently absorb solar and terrestrial radiation. Our observations show that the enhanced light absorption of BrC relative to black carbon at the tropopause can be attributed to the formation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds through the aqueous-phase reactions of carbonyls with ammonium.
Taiwo Ajayi, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, Johnathan W. Hair, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Chris A. Hostetler, Simon Kirschler, Richard H. Moore, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Cassidy Soloff, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9197–9218, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9197-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9197-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses airborne data to examine vertical profiles of trace gases, aerosol particles, and meteorological variables over a remote marine area (Bermuda). Results show distinct differences based on both air mass source region (North America, Ocean, Caribbean/North Africa) and altitude for a given air mass type. This work highlights the sensitivity of remote marine areas to long-range transport and the importance of considering the vertical dependence of trace gas and aerosol properties.
Kira Zeider, Grace Betito, Anthony Bucholtz, Peng Xian, Annette Walker, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9059–9083, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9059-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9059-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The predominant wind direction along the California coast (northerly) reverses several times during the summer (to southerly). The effects of these wind reversals on aerosol and cloud characteristics are not well understood. Using data from multiple datasets we found that southerly flow periods had enhanced signatures of anthropogenic emissions due to shipping and continental sources, and clouds had more but smaller droplets.
Saleh Alzahrani, Doğuşhan Kılıç, Michael Flynn, Paul I. Williams, and James Allan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9045–9058, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9045-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9045-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates emissions from aviation activities at an international airport to evaluate their impact on local air quality. The study provides detailed insights into the chemical composition of aerosols and key pollutants in the airport environment. Source apportionment analysis using positive matrix factorisation (PMF) identified three significant sources: less oxidised oxygenated organic aerosol, alkane organic aerosol, and more oxidised oxygenated organic aerosol.
Mikko Heikkilä, Krista Luoma, Timo Mäkelä, and Tiia Grönholm
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8927–8941, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8927-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8927-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) concentration was measured from 211 ship exhaust gas plumes at a remote marine station. Emission factors of BC were calculated in grams per kilogram of fuel. Ships with an exhaust gas cleaning system (EGCS) were found to have median BC emissions per fuel consumed 5 times lower than ships without an EGCS. However, this might be because of non-EGCS ships running at low engine loads rather than the EGCS itself. A local speed restriction would increase BC emissions of ships.
Olga Zografou, Maria Gini, Prodromos Fetfatzis, Konstantinos Granakis, Romanos Foskinis, Manousos Ioannis Manousakas, Fotios Tsopelas, Evangelia Diapouli, Eleni Dovrou, Christina N. Vasilakopoulou, Alexandros Papayannis, Spyros N. Pandis, Athanasios Nenes, and Konstantinos Eleftheriadis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8911–8926, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8911-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8911-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Characterization of PM1 and positive matrix factorization (PMF) source apportionment of organic and inorganic fractions were conducted at the high-altitude station (HAC)2. Cloud presence reduced PM1, affecting sulfate more than organics. Free-troposphere (FT) conditions showed more black carbon (eBC) than planetary boundary layer (PBL) conditions.
Yuanyuan Qin, Xinghua Zhang, Wei Huang, Juanjuan Qin, Xiaoyu Hu, Yuxuan Cao, Tianyi Zhao, Yang Zhang, Jihua Tan, Ziyin Zhang, Xinming Wang, and Zhenzhen Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8737–8750, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8737-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8737-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Environmental persistent free radicals (EPFRs) and reactive oxygen species (ROSs) play an active role in the atmosphere. Despite control measures having effectively reduced their emissions, reductions were less than in PM2.5. Emission control measures performed well in achieving Parade Blue, but reducing the impact of the atmosphere on human health remains challenging. Thus, there is a need to reassess emission control measures to better address the challenges posed by EPFRs and ROSs.
Fenghua Wei, Xing Peng, Liming Cao, Mengxue Tang, Ning Feng, Xiaofeng Huang, and Lingyan He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8507–8518, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8507-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8507-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The water solubility of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) is a crucial factor in determining their hygroscopicity and climatic impact. Stable carbon isotope and mass spectrometry techniques were combined to assess the water solubility of SOAs with different aging degrees in a coastal megacity in China. This work revealed a much higher water-soluble fraction of aged SOA compared to fresh SOA, indicating that the aging degree of SOA has considerable impacts on its water solubility.
Zijun Zhang, Weiqi Xu, Yi Zhang, Wei Zhou, Xiangyu Xu, Aodong Du, Yinzhou Zhang, Hongqin Qiao, Ye Kuang, Xiaole Pan, Zifa Wang, Xueling Cheng, Lanzhong Liu, Qingyan Fu, Douglas R. Worsnop, Jie Li, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8473–8488, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8473-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8473-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated aerosol composition and sources and the interaction between secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and clouds at a regional mountain site in southeastern China. Clouds efficiently scavenge more oxidized SOA; however, cloud evaporation leads to the production of less oxidized SOA. The unexpectedly high presence of nitrate in aerosol particles indicates that nitrate formed in polluted areas has undergone interactions with clouds, significantly influencing the regional background site.
Feifei Li, Shanshan Tang, Jitao Lv, Shiyang Yu, Xu Sun, Dong Cao, Yawei Wang, and Guibin Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8397–8411, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8397-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8397-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Targeted derivatization and non-targeted analysis with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) were used to reveal the molecular composition of carbonyl molecules in PM2.5, and the important role of carbonyls in increasing the oxidative potential of organic aerosol was found in real samples.
Adam E. Thomas, Hayley S. Glicker, Alex B. Guenther, Roger Seco, Oscar Vega Bustillos, Julio Tota, Rodrigo A. F. Souza, and James N. Smith
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2230, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2230, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present measurements of the composition of ultrafine particles collected from the eastern Amazon, a relatively understudied region that is subjected to increasing human influence. We find that while isoprene chemistry is likely significant to ultrafine particle growth throughout the year, compounds related to other sources such as biological spore emissions and biomass burning exhibit striking seasonal differences, implying an extensive variation in regional ultrafine particle sources.
Maya Abou-Ghanem, Daniel M. Murphy, Gregory P. Schill, Michael J. Lawler, and Karl D. Froyd
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8263–8275, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8263-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8263-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using particle analysis by laser mass spectrometry, we examine vanadium-containing ship exhaust particles measured on NASA's DC-8 during the Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom). Our results reveal ship exhaust particles are sufficiently widespread in the marine atmosphere and experience atmospheric aging. Finally, we use laboratory calibrations to determine the vanadium, sulfate, and organic single-particle mass fractions of vanadium-containing ship exhaust particles.
Cassandra J. Gaston, Joseph M. Prospero, Kristen Foley, Havala O. T. Pye, Lillian Custals, Edmund Blades, Peter Sealy, and James A. Christie
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8049–8066, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8049-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8049-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To understand how changing emissions have impacted aerosols in remote regions, we measured nitrate and sulfate in Barbados and compared them to model predictions from EPA’s Air QUAlity TimE Series (EQUATES). Nitrate was stable, except for spikes in 2008 and 2010 due to transported smoke. Sulfate decreased in the 1990s due to reductions in sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the US and Europe; then it increased in the 2000s, likely due to anthropogenic emissions from Africa.
Jiao Xue, Tian Zhang, Keyhong Park, Jinpei Yan, Young Jun Yoon, Jiyeon Park, and Bingbing Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7731–7754, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7731-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7731-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ice formation by particles is an important way of making mixed-phase and ice clouds. We found that particles collected in the marine atmosphere exhibit diverse ice nucleation abilities and mixing states. Sea salt mixed-sulfate particles were enriched in ice-nucleating particles. Selective aging on sea salt particles made particle populations more externally mixed. Characterizations of particles and their mixing state are needed for a better understanding of aerosol–cloud interactions.
Yangzhi Mo, Jun Li, Guangcai Zhong, Sanyuan Zhu, Shizhen Zhao, Jiao Tang, Hongxing Jiang, Zhineng Cheng, Chongguo Tian, Yingjun Chen, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7755–7772, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7755-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7755-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we found that biomass burning (31.0 %) and coal combustion (31.1 %) were the dominant sources of water-insoluble organic carbon in China, with coal combustion sources exhibiting the strongest light-absorbing capacity. Additionally, we propose a light-absorbing carbonaceous continuum, revealing that components enriched with fossil sources tend to have stronger light-absorbing capacity, higher aromaticity, higher molecular weights, and greater recalcitrance in the atmosphere.
Jing Duan, Ru-Jin Huang, Ying Wang, Wei Xu, Haobin Zhong, Chunshui Lin, Wei Huang, Yifang Gu, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Darius Ceburnis, and Colin O'Dowd
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7687–7698, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7687-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7687-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical composition of atmospheric particles has shown significant changes in recent years. We investigated the potential effects of changes in inorganics on aerosol water uptake and, thus, secondary organic aerosol formation in wintertime haze based on the size-resolved measurements of non-refractory fine particulate matter (NR-PM2.5) in Xi’an, northwestern China. We highlight the key role of aerosol water as a medium to link inorganics and organics in their multiphase processes.
Benjamin Heutte, Nora Bergner, Hélène Angot, Jakob B. Pernov, Lubna Dada, Jessica A. Mirrielees, Ivo Beck, Andrea Baccarini, Matthew Boyer, Jessie M. Creamean, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Imad El Haddad, Markus M. Frey, Silvia Henning, Tiaa Laurila, Vaios Moschos, Tuukka Petäjä, Kerri A. Pratt, Lauriane L. J. Quéléver, Matthew D. Shupe, Paul Zieger, Tuija Jokinen, and Julia Schmale
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1912, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1912, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Limited aerosol measurements in the central Arctic hinder our understanding of aerosol-climate interactions in the region. Our year-long observations of aerosol physicochemical properties during the MOSAiC expedition reveal strong seasonal variations in aerosol chemical composition, where the short-term variability is heavily affected by storms in the Arctic. Locally wind-generated particles are shown to be an important source of cloud seeds, especially in autumn.
Feng Jiang, Harald Saathoff, Junwei Song, Hengheng Zhang, Linyu Gao, and Thomas Leisner
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1848, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1848, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical composition of brown carbon in the particle and gas phase were determined by mass spectrometry. BrC in the gas phase was mainly controlled by secondary formation and particle-to-gas partitioning. BrC in the particle phase was mainly from secondary formation. This work helps to get a better understanding of diurnal variations and the sources of brown carbon aerosol at rural location in central Europe.
Hongyong Li, Xiaopu Lyu, Likun Xue, Yunxi Huo, Dawen Yao, Haoxian Lu, and Hai Guo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7085–7100, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7085-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7085-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Organic aerosol is ubiquitous in the atmosphere and largely explains the gap between current levels of fine particulate matter in many cities and the World Health Organization guideline values. This study highlights the dominant contributions of cooking emissions to organic aerosol when marine air prevailed in Hong Kong, which were occasionally overwhelmed by aromatics-derived secondary organic aerosol in continental ouflows.
Shao Shi, Jinghao Zhai, Xin Yang, Yechun Ruan, Yuanlong Huang, Xujian Chen, Antai Zhang, Jianhuai Ye, Guomao Zheng, Baohua Cai, Yaling Zeng, Yixiang Wang, Chunbo Xing, Yujie Zhang, Tzung-May Fu, Lei Zhu, Huizhong Shen, and Chen Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7001–7012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7001-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7001-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The determination of ions in the mass spectra of individual particles remains uncertain. We have developed a standard-free mass calibration algorithm applicable to more than 98 % of ambient particles. With our algorithm, ions with ~ 0.05 Th mass difference could be determined. Therefore, many more atmospheric species could be determined and involved in the source apportionment of aerosols, the study of chemical reaction mechanisms, and the analysis of single-particle mixing states.
Wei Sun, Xiaodong Hu, Yuzhen Fu, Guohua Zhang, Yujiao Zhu, Xinfeng Wang, Caiqing Yan, Likun Xue, He Meng, Bin Jiang, Yuhong Liao, Xinming Wang, Ping'an Peng, and Xinhui Bi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6987–6999, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6987-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6987-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The formation pathways of nitrogen-containing compounds (NOCs) in the atmosphere remain unclear. We investigated the composition of aerosols and fog water by state-of-the-art mass spectrometry and compared the formation pathways of NOCs. We found that NOCs in aerosols were mainly formed through nitration reaction, while ammonia addition played a more important role in fog water. The results deepen our understanding of the processes of organic particulate pollution.
Amie Dobracki, Ernie Lewis, Arthur Sedlacek III, Tyler Tatro, Maria Zawadowicz, and Paquita Zuidema
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1347, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1347, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Biomass-burning aerosol is commonly present in the marine boundary layer of the southeast Atlantic Ocean between June and October. Our research indicates that burning conditions, aerosol transport pathways, and prolonged oxidation processes, both heterogeneous and aqueous-phase determine the chemical, microphysical, and optical properties of the boundary layer aerosol. Notably, we find that the aerosol optical properties can be estimated from the chemical properties alone.
Cited articles
Agrawal, H., Welch, W. A., Miller, J. W., and Cocker, D. R.: Emission
measurements from a crude oil tanker at sea, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42,
7098–7103, https://doi.org/10.1021/es703102y, 2008.
Agrawal, H., Eden, R., Zhang, X., Fine, P. M., Katzenstein, A., Miller, J.
W., Ospital, J., Teffera, S., and Cocker, D.: Primary particulate matter
from ocean-going engines in the Southern California Air Basin, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 43, 5398–5402, https://doi.org/10.1021/es8035016, 2009.
Aksoyoglu, S., Baltensperger, U., and Prévôt, A. S. H.: Contribution of ship
emissions to the concentration and deposition of air pollutants in Europe,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 1895–1906, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1895-2016,
2016.
Bahreini, R., Ervens, B., Middlebrook, A. M., Warneke, C., de Gouw, J. A.,
DeCarlo, P. F., Jimenez, J. L., Brock, C. A., Neuman, J. A., Ryerson, T. B.,
Stark, H., Atlas, E., Brioude, J., Fried, A., Holloway, J. S., Peischl, J.,
Richter, D., Walega, J., Weibring, P., Wollny, A. G., and Fehsenfeld, F. C.:
Organic aerosol formation in urban and industrial plumes near Houston and
Dallas, Texas, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. 114, D00F16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011493,
2009.
Bates, T. S., Quinn, P. K., Coffman, D., Schulz, K., Covert, D. S., Johnson,
J. E., Williams, E. J., Lerner, B. M., Angevine, W. M., Tucker, S. C., Brewer,
W. A., and Stohl, A.: Boundary layer aerosol chemistry during TexAQS/GoMACCS
2006: Insights into aerosol sources and transformation processes, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D00F01, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010023, 2008.
Bates, T. S., Quinn, P. K., Frossard, A. A., Russell, L. M., Hakala J.,
Petajä, T., Kulmala, M., Covert, D. S., Cappa, C. D., Li, S.-M., Hayden, K. L., Nuaaman, I., McLaren, R., Massoli,
P., Canagaratna, M. R, Onasch, T. B., Sueper, D., Worsnop, D. R., and Keene,
W. C.: Measurements of ocean derived aerosol off the coast of California, J.
Geophys. Res., 117, D00V15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017588, 2012.
Bean, J. K., Faxon, C. B., Leong, Y. J., Wallace, H. W., Cevik, B. K.,
Ortiz, S., Canagaratna, M. R., Usenko, S., Sheesley, R. J., Griffin, R. J.,
and Hildebrandt, L: Composition and sources of particulate matter measured
near Houston, TX; Anthropogenic-biogenic interactions, Atmos., 7, 73,
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos7050073, 2016.
Brown, S. S., Dubé, W. P., Bahreini, R., Middlebrook, A. M., Brock, C.
A., Warneke, C., de Gouw, J. A., Washenfelder, R. A., Atlas, E., Peischl,
J., Ryerson, T. B., Holloway, J. S., Schwarz, J. P., Spackman, R., Trainer,
M., Parrish, D. D., Fehshenfeld, F. C., and Ravishankara, A. R.: Biogenic
VOC oxidation and organic aerosol formation in an urban nocturnal boundary
layer: aircraft vertical profiles in Houston, TX, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13,
11317–11337, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-11317-2013, 2013.
Browning, L., Hartley, S., Bandemehr, A., Gathright, K., and Miller, W.:
Demonstration of fuel switching on oceangoing vessels in the Gulf of Mexico,
J. Air. Waste Manag. Assoc., 62, 1093–1101, https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2012.697974, 2012.
Budisulistiorini, S. H., Nenes, A., Carlton, A. G., Surratt, J. D., McNeill,
V. F., and Pye, H. O. T.: Simulating aqueous phase isoprene epoxydiol
(IEPOX) secondary organic aerosol production during the 2013 Southern
Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS), Environ. Sci. Tech., 51, 5026–5034,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b05750, 2017.
Caiazzo, F., Ashok, A., Waitz, I. A., Yim, S. H. L., and Barrett, S. R. H.:
Air pollution and early deaths in the United States: Part I: Quantifying the
impact of major sectors in 2005, Atmos. Environ., 79, 198–208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.05.081, 2013.
Canagaratna, M. R., Jayne, J. T., Jimenez, J. L., Allan, J. D., Alfarra, M.
R., Zhang, Q., Onasch, T. B., Drewnick, F., Coe, H., Middlebrook, A., Delia,
A., Williams, L. R., Trimborn, A. M., Northway, M. J., DeCarlo, P. F., Kolb,
C. E., Davidovits, P., and Worsnop, D. R.: Chemical and microphysical
characterization of ambient aerosols with the aerodyne aerosol mass
spectrometer, Mass Spectrom. Rev., 26, 185–222, https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.20115,
2007.
Canagaratna, M. R., Jimenez, J. L., Kroll, J. H., Chen, Q., Kessler, S. H.,
Massoli, P., Hildebrandt Ruiz, L., Fortner, E., Williams, L. R., Wilson, K.
R., Surratt, J. D., Donahue, N. M., Jayne, J. T., and Worsnop, D. R.:
Elemental ratio measurements of organic compounds using aerosol mass
spectrometry: characterization, improved calibration, and implications,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 253–272, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-253-2015,
2015.
Carlton, A. G. and Turpin, B. J.: Particle partitioning potential of organic
compounds is highest in the Eastern U.S. and driven by anthropogenic water,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10203–10214, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10203-2013, 2013.
Chang, R. Y.-W., Leck, C., Graus, M., Müller, M., Paatero, J., Burkhart,
J. F., Stohl, A., Orr, L. H., Hayden, K., Li, S.-M., Hansel, A.,
Tjernström, M., Leaitch, W. R., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Aerosol
composition and sources in the central Arctic Ocean during ASCOS, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 11, 10619–10636, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-10619-2011, 2011.
Chen, G., Huey, L. G., Trainer, M., Nicks, D., Corbett, J., Ryerson, T.,
Parrish, D., Neuman, J. A., Nowak, J., Tanner, D., Holloway, J., Brock, C.,
Crawford, J., Olson, J. R., Sullivan, A., Weber, R., Schauffler, S.,
Donnelly, S., Atlas, E., Roberts, J., Flocke, F., Hubler, G., and
Fehsenfeld, F.: An investigation of the chemistry of ship emission plumes
during ITCT 2002, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D10S90, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005236,
2005.
Chhabra, P. S., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Elemental analysis of
chamber organic aerosol using an aerodyne high-resolution aerosol mass
spectrometer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4111–4131, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-4111-2010, 2010.
Chhabra, P. S., Ng, N. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Corrigan, A. L., Russell, L.
M., Worsnop, D. R., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Elemental
composition and oxidation of chamber organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
11, 8827–8845, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-8827-2011, 2011.
Claeys, M. B., Wang, W., Vermeylen, R., Kourtchev, I., Chi, X., Farhat,
Y.J., Surratt, D., Gomez-Gonzalez, Y., Sciare, J., and Maenhaut, W.:
Chemical characterization of marine aerosol at Amsterdam Island during the
austral summer of 2006–2007, J. Aero. Sci., 41, 13–22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.08.003, 2009.
Cleveland, M. J., Ziemba, L. D., Griffin, R. J., Dibb, J. E., Anderson C.
H., Lefer, B., and Rappengluck, B.: Characterization of urban aerosol using
aerosol mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy, Atmos. Environ., 54, 511–518, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.02.074, 2012.
Coakley, J. A. Jr., Bernstein, R. L., and Durkee, P. A.: Effect of
ship-stack effluents on cloud reflectivity, Science, 237, 1020–1022,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.237.4818.1020, 1987.
Coggon, M. M., Sorooshian, A., Wang, Z., Metcalf, A. R., Frossard, A. A.,
Lin, J. J., Craven, J. S., Nenes, A., Jonsson, H. H., Russell, L. M.,
Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Ship impacts on the marine atmosphere:
insights into the contribution of shipping emissions to the properties of
marine aerosol and clouds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 8439–8458,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8439-2012, 2012.
Coggon, M. M., Sorooshian, A., Wang, Z., Craven, J. S., Metcalf, A. R., Lin,
J. J., Nenes, A., Jonsson, H. H., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.:
Observations of continental biogenic impacts on marine aerosol and clouds
off the coast of California, J. Geophys. Res., 119, 6724–6748,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD021228, 2014.
Corbett, J. J. and Kohler, H. W.: Updated emissions from ocean shipping, J.
Geophys. Res., 108, 4650, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003751, 2003.
Corbett, J. J., Winebrake, J. J., Green, E. H., Kasibhatla, P., Eyring, V.,
and Lauer, A.: Mortality from ship emissions: A global assessment, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 41, 8512–8518, https://doi.org/10.1021/es071686z, 2007.
Crippa, M., Canonaco, F., Lanz, V. A., Äijälä, M., Allan, J. D., Carbone, S.,
Capes, G., Ceburnis, D., Dall'Osto, M., Day, D. A., DeCarlo, P. F., Ehn, M.,
Eriksson, A., Freney, E., Hildebrandt Ruiz, L., Hillamo, R., Jimenez, J. L.,
Junninen, H., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Kortelainen, A.-M., Kulmala, M.,
Laaksonen, A., Mensah, A. A., Mohr, C., Nemitz, E., O'Dowd, C., Ovadnevaite,
J., Pandis, S. N., Petäjä, T., Poulain, L., Saarikoski, S., Sellegri, K.,
Swietlicki, E., Tiitta, P., Worsnop, D. R., Baltensperger, U., and Prévôt, A.
S. H.: Organic aerosol components derived from 25 AMS data sets across Europe
using a consistent ME-2 based source apportionment approach, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 14, 6159–6176, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6159-2014, 2014.
Crippa, M., El Haddad, I., Slowik, J. G., DeCarlo, P. F., Mohr, C., Heringa,
M. F., Chirico, R., Marchand, N., Sciare, J., Baltensperger, U., and
Prévôt, A. S. H.: Identification of marine and continental aerosol
sources in Paris using high resolution aerosol mass spectrometry, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 1950–1963, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50151, 2013.
Czech, H., Stengel, B., Adam, T., Sklorz, M., Streibel, T., and Zimmerman,
R.: A chemometric investigation of aromatic emission profiles from a marine
engine in comparison with residential wood combustion and road traffic:
Implications for source apportionment inside and outside sulphur emission
control areas, Atmos. Environ., 167, 212–222, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.08.022, 2017.
DeCarlo, P. F., Kimmel, J. R., Trimborn, A., Northway, M. J., Jayne, J. T.,
Aiken, A. C., Gonin, M., Fuhrer, K., Horvath, T., Docherty, K. S., Worsnop,
D. R., and Jimenez, J. L.: Field-deployable, high-resolution, time-of-flight
aerosol mass spectrometer, Anal. Chem., 78, 8281–8289, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac061249n, 2006.
Draxler, R. R. and Rolph, G. D.: HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian
Integrated Trajectory) Model, access via NOAA ARL READY Website, NOAA Air
Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, MD, available at: http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready/hysplit4.html,
last access: 30 August 2018, 2013.
Duplissy, J., DeCarlo, P. F., Dommen, J., Alfarra, M. R., Metzger, A.,
Barmpadimos, I., Prevot, A. S. H., Weingartner, E., Tritscher, T., Gysel,
M., Aiken, A. C., Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Worsnop, D. R.,
Collins, D. R., Tomlinson, J., and Baltensperger, U.: Relating
hygroscopicity and composition of organic aerosol particulate matter, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 11, 1155–1165, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-1155-2011, 2011.
Durkee, P. A., Noone, K. J., and Bluth, R. T.: The Monterey Area Ship Track
Experiment, J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2523–2541,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2523:TMASTE>2.0.CO;2, 2000.
Ervens, B., Turpin, B. J., and Weber, R. J.: Secondary organic aerosol
formation in cloud droplets and aqueous particles (aqSOA): a review of
laboratory, field and model studies, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11069–11102,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11069-2011, 2011.
Ervens, B., Sorooshian, A., Lim, Y. B., and Turpin, B.: Key parameters
controlling OH-initiated formation of secondary organic aerosol in the
aqueous phase (aqSOA), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 3997–4016,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD021021, 2014.
Eyring, V., Kohler, H. W., Lauer, A., and Lemper, B.: Emissions from
international shipping: 2. Impact of future technologies on scenarios until
2050, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D17301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005620, 2005.
Eyring, V., Isaksen, I. S. A., Berntsen, T., Collins, W. J., Corbett, J. J.,
Endresen, O., Grainger, R. G., Moldanova, J., Schlager, H., and Stevenson,
D. S.: Transport impacts on atmosphere and climate: Shipping, Atmos.
Environ., 44, 4735–4771, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.04.059, 2010.
Facchini, M. C., Decesari, S., Rinaldi, M., Carbone, C., Finessi, E.,
Mircea, M., Fuzzi, S., Moretti, F., Tagliavini, E., Ceburnis, D., and
O'Dowd, C. D.: Important source of marine secondary organic aerosol from
biogenic amines, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 9116–9121, https://doi.org/10.1021/es8018385, 2008.
Faloona, I.: Sulfur processing in the marine atmospheric boundary layer: A
review and critical assessment of modeling uncertainties, Atmos. Environ.,
43, 2841–2854, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.043, 2009.
Fountoukis, C. and Nenes, A.: ISORROPIA II: a computationally efficient
thermodynamic equilibrium model for
Frossard, A. A., Russell, L. M., Burrows, S. M., Elliott, S. M., Bates, T.
S., and Quinn, P. K.: Sources and composition of submicron organic mass in
marine aerosol particles, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 12977–13003,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD021913, 2014.
Fu, P., Kawamura, K., and Miura, K.: Molecular characterization of marine
organic aerosols collected during a round-the-world cruise, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 116, D13302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD015604, 2011.
Fu, T., Jacob, D. J., Wittrock, F., Burrows, J. P., Vrekoussis, M., and
Henze, D. K.: Global budgets of atmospheric glyoxal and methylglyoxal, and
implications for formation of secondary organic aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.
Atmos., 113, 15303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009505, 2008.
Gantt, B. and Meskhidze, N.: The physical and chemical characteristics of
marine primary organic aerosol: a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3979–3996,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3979-2013, 2013.
Gantt, B., Meskhidze, N., Facchini, M. C., Rinaldi, M., Ceburnis, D., and
O'Dowd, C. D.: Wind speed dependent size-resolved parameterization for the
organic mass fraction of sea spray aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11,
8777–8790, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-8777-2011, 2011.
Gaston, C. J., Pratt, K. A., Qin, X., and Prather, K. A.: Real-time
detection and mixing state of methanesulfonate in single particles at an
inland urban location during a phytoplankton bloom, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
44, 1566–1572, https://doi.org/10.1021/es902069d, 2010.
Ge, X., Zhang, Q., Sun, Y., Ruehl, C. R., and Setyan, A.: Effect of
aqueous-phase processing on aerosol chemistry and size distributions in
Fresno, California, during wintertime, Environ. Chem., 9, 221–235,
https://doi.org/10.1071/en11168, 2012.
Guo, Q., Hu, M., Guo, S., Wu, Z., Hu, W., Peng, J., Hu, W., Wu, Y., Yuan,
B., Zhang, Q., and Song, Y: The identification of source regions of black
carbon at a receptor site off the eastern coast of China, Atmos. Environ.,
100, 78–84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.10.053, 2014.
Hayes, P. L., Ortega, A. M., Cubison, M. J., Froyd, K. D., Zhao, Y., Cliff,
S. S., Hu, W. W., Toohey, D. W., Flynn, J. H., Lefer, B. L., Grossberg, N.,
Alvarez, S., Rappenglück, B., Taylor, J. W., Allan, J. D., Holloway, J.
S., Gilman, J. B., Kuster, W. C., de Gouw, J. A., Massoli, P., Zhang, X.,
Liu, J., Weber, R. J., Corrigan, A. L., Russell, L. M., Isaacman, G.,
Worton, D. R., Kreisberg, N. M., Goldstein, A. H., Thalman, R., Waxman, E.
M., Volkamer, R., Lin, Y. H., Surratt, J. D., Kleindienst, T. E., Offenberg,
J. H., Dusanter, S., Griffith, S., Stevens, P. S., Brioude, J., Angevine, W.
M., and Jimenez, J. L.: Organic aerosol composition and sources in Pasadena,
California, during the 2010 CalNex campaign, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118,
9233–9257, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50530, 2013.
Hayes, P. L., Carlton, A. G., Baker, K. R., Ahmadov, R., Washenfelder, R.
A., Alvarez, S., Rappenglück, B., Gilman, J. B., Kuster, W. C., de Gouw,
J. A., Zotter, P., Prévôt, A. S. H., Szidat, S., Kleindienst, T. E.,
Offenberg, J. H., Ma, P. K., and Jimenez, J. L.: Modeling the formation and
aging of secondary organic aerosols in Los Angeles during CalNex 2010,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5773–5801, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5773-2015,
2015.
Hildebrandt, L., Engelhart, G. J., Mohr, C., Kostenidou, E., Lanz, V. A.,
Bougiatioti, A., DeCarlo, P. F., Prevot, A. S. H., Baltensperger, U.,
Mihalopoulos, N., Donahue, N. M., and Pandis, S. N.: Aged organic aerosol in
the Eastern Mediterranean: the Finokalia Aerosol Measurement Experiment –
2008, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4167–4186,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-4167-2010, 2010.
Hildebrandt, L., Kostenidou, E., Lanz, V. A., Prevot, A. S. H.,
Baltensperger, U., Mihalopoulos, N., Laaksonen, A., Donahue, N. M., and
Pandis, S. N.: Sources and atmospheric processing of organic aerosol in the
Mediterranean: insights from aerosol mass spectrometer factor analysis,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 12499–12515,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-12499-2011, 2011.
Hopke, P. K., Barrie, L. A., Li, S. M., Cheng, M. D., Li, C., and Xie, Y.:
Possible sources and preferred pathways for biogenic and non-sea-salt sulfur
for the high arctic. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. 100, 16595–16603,
https://doi.org/10.1029/95JD01712, 1995.
Huang, D. D., Li, Y. J., Lee, B. P., and Chan, C. K.: Analysis of organic
sulfur compounds in atmospheric aerosols at the HKUST supersite in Hong Kong
using HR-ToF-AMS, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 3672–3679, https://doi.org/10.1021/es5056269, 2015.
Huang, S., Poulain, L., Pinxteren, D. V., Pinxteren, M. V., Wu, Z.,
Herrmann, H., and Wiedensohler, A.: Latitudinal and seasonal distribution of
particulate MSA over the Atlantic using a validated quantification method
with HR-ToF-AMS, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 418–426, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03186, 2017.
Hynes, A. J., Wine, P. H., and Semmes, D. H.: Kinetics and mechanism of
hydroxyl reactions with organic sulfide, J. Phys. Chem., 90, 4148–4156,
https://doi.org/10.1021/j100408a062, 1986.
IMO: International Shipping Facts and Figures – Information Resources on
Trade, Safety, Security, Environment, International Maritime Organization,
2012.
Johansson, L., Jalkanen, J.-P., and Kukkonen, J.: Global assessment of
shipping emissions in 2015 on a high spatial and temporal resolution, Atmos.
Environ., 167, 403–415, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.08.042, 2017.
Jung, J., Furutani, H., Uematsu, M., and Park, J.: Distributions of
atmospheric non-sea-salt sulfate and methanesulfonic acid over the Pacific
Ocean between 48∘ N and 55∘ S during summer, Atmos. Environ., 99,
374–384, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.10.009, 2014.
Kasper, A., Aufdenblatten, S., Forss, A., Mohr, M., and Burtscher, H.:
Particulate emissions from a low-speed marine diesel engine, Aerosol Sci.
Technol., 41, 24–32, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820601055392, 2007.
Kerminen, V.-M., Aurela, M., Hillamo, R. E., and Virkkula, A.: Formation of
particulate MSA: deductions from size distribution measurements in the
Finnish Arctic, Tellus, 49B, 159–171, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v49i2.15959,
1997.
Kim, H. S., Song, C. H., Park, R. S., Huey, G., and Ryu, J. Y.:
Investigation of ship-plume chemistry using a newly-developed
photochemical/dynamic ship-plume model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7531–7550,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7531-2009, 2009.
Kim, H. S., Kim, Y. H., and Song, C. H.: Ship-plume sulfur chemistry: ITCT
2K2 case study, Sci. Tot. Environ., 450–451, 178–187,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099, 2013.
Kotchenruther, R.: The effects of marine vessel fuel sulfur regulations on
ambient PM2.5 at coastal and near coastal monitoring sites in the U.S.,
Atmos. Environ., 151, 52–61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.12.012, 2016.
Lack, D. A., Corbett, J. J., Onasch, T., Lerner, B., Massoli, P., Quinn, P.
K., Bates, T. S., Covert, D. S., Coffman, D., Sierau, B., Herndon, S.,
Allan, J., Baynard, T., Lovejoy, E., Ravishankara, A. R., and Williams, E.:
Particulate emissions from commercial shipping: Chemical, physical, and
optical properties, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D00F04, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011300, 2009.
Lack, D. A., Cappa, C. D., Langridge, J., Bahreini, R., Buffaloe, G., Brock,
C. A., Cerully, K., Hayden, K., Holloway, J. S., Lerner, B., Li, S. M.,
McLaren, R., Middlebrook, A., Moore, R., Nenes, A., Nuaanman, I., Peischl,
J., Perring, A., Quinn, P. K., Ryerson, T. B., Schwarz, J. P., Spackman, J.
R., and Williams, E. J.: Impact of fuel quality regulation and speed
reductions on shipping emissions: Implications for climate and air quality,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 9052–9060, https://doi.org/10.1021/es2013424, 2011.
Lauer, A., Eyring, V., Hendricks, J., Jockel, P., and Lohmann, U.: Effects
of oceangoing shipping on aerosols and clouds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7,
5061–5079, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5061-2007, 2007.
Lawrence, M. G. and Crutzen, P. J.: Influence of NOx emissions from
ships on tropospheric photochemistry and climate, Nature, 402, 167–170,
https://doi.org/10.1038/46013, 1999.
Leong, Y. J., Sanchez, N. P., Wallace, H. W., Cevik, K., Hernandez, C. S.,
Han, Y., Flynn, J. H., Massoli, P., Floerchinger, C., Fortner E. C.,
Herndon, S., Bean, J. K., Hildebrandt Ruiz, L., Jeon, W., Choi, Y., Lefer,
B., and Griffin, R. J.: Overview of surface measurements and spatial
characterization of submicrometer particulate matter during the DISCOVER-AQ
2013 campaign in Houston, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 28, 1–19, https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2017.1296502, 2017.
Li, J., Cleveland, M., Ziemba, L. D., Griffin, R. J., Barsanti, K. C.,
Pankow, J. F., and Ying, Q.: Modeling regional secondary organic aerosol using
the Master Chemical Mechanism, Atmos. Environ., 102, 52–61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.11.054, 2015.
Lin, C. T., Baker, A. R., Jickells, T. D., Kelly, S., and Lesworth, T.: An
assessment of the significance of sulphate sources over the Atlantic Ocean
based on sulphur isotope data, Atmos. Environ., 62, 615–621, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.08.052, 2012.
Liu, H., Fu, M., Jin, X., Shang, Y., Shindell, D., Faluvegi, G., Shindell,
C., and He, K.: Health and climate impacts of ocean-going vessels in East
Asia, Nat. Clim. Change Adv., 6, 1037–1041, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3083, 2016.
McNeill, V. F.: Aqueous organic chemistry in the atmosphere: sources and
chemical processing of organic aerosols, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49,
1237–1244, https://doi.org/10.1021/es5043707, 2015.
Middlebrook, A. M., Bahreini, R., Jimenez, J. L., and Canagaratna, M. R.:
Evaluation of composition-dependent collection efficiencies for the Aerodyne
aerosol mass spectrometer using field data, Aerosol. Sci. Technol., 46,
258–271, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2011.620041, 2011.
Murphy, S. M., Sorooshian, A., Kroll, J. H., Ng, N. L., Chhabra, P., Tong,
C., Surratt, J. D., Knipping, E., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.:
Secondary aerosol formation from atmospheric reactions of aliphatic amines,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2313–2337, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-2313-2007,
2007.
Murphy, S. M., Agrawal, H., Sorooshian, A., Padro, L. T., Gates, H., Hersey,
S., Welch, W. A., Jung, H., Miller, J. W., Cocker, D. R., Nenes, A.,
Jonsson, H. H., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Comprehensive
simultaneous shipboard and airborne characterization of exhaust from a
modern container ship at sea, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 4626–4640,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es802413j, 2009.
Myriokefalitakis, S., Vignati, E., Tsigaridis, K., Papadimas, C., Sciare,
J., Mihalopoulos, N., Facchini, M. C., Rinaldi, M., Dentener, F. J.,
Ceburnis, D., Hatzianastasiou, N., O'Dowd, C. D., van Weele, M., and
Kanakidou, M.: Global modelling of the oceanic source of organic aerosols,
Adv. Meteorol., 2010, 939171, https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/939171, 2010.
Ng, N. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Zhang, Q., Jimenez, J. L., Tian, J., Ulbrich,
I. M., Kroll, J. H., Docherty, K. S., Chhabra, P. S., Bahreini, R., Murphy,
S. M., Seinfeld, J. H., Hildebrandt, L., Donahue, N. M., DeCarlo, P. F.,
Lanz, V. A., Prevot, A. S. H., Dinar, E., Rudich, Y., and Worsnop, D. R.:
Organic aerosol components observed in Northern Hemispheric datasets from
Aerosol Mass Spectrometry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4625–4641,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-4625-2010, 2010.
Nguyen, T. K. V., Zhang, Q., Jimenez, J. L., Pike, M., and Carlton, A. G.:
Liquid water: ubiquitous contributor to aerosol mass, Environ. Sci. Technol.
Lett., 3, 257–263, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00167, 2016.
Nightingale, P. D., Liss, P. S., and Schlosser, P.: Measurements of air-sea
gas transfer during an open ocean algal bloom, J. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27,
2117–2120, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011541, 2000.
Ortega, A. M., Hayes, P. L., Peng, Z., Palm, B. B., Hu, W., Day, D. A., Li,
R., Cubison, M. J., Brune, W. H., Graus, M., Warneke, C., Gilman, J. B.,
Kuster, W. C., de Gouw, J., Gutiérrez-Montes, C., and Jimenez, J. L.:
Real-time measurements of secondary organic aerosol formation and aging from
ambient air in an oxidation flow reactor in the Los Angeles area, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 16, 7411–7433, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7411-2016, 2016.
Ovadnevaite, J., O'Dowd, C., Dall'Osto, M., Ceburnis, D., Worsnop, D. R.,
and Berresheim, H.: Detecting high contributions of primary organic matter
to marine aerosol: A case study, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L02807,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL046083, 2011.
Ovadnevaite, J., Ceburnis, D., Leinert, S., Dall'Osto, M., Canagaratna, M.,
O'Doherty, S., Berresheim, H., and O'Dowd, C.: Submicron NE Atlantic marine
aerosol chemical composition and abundance: Seasonal trends and air mass
categorization, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119, 11850–11863,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD021330, 2014.
Paatero, P. and Tapper, U.: Positive matrix factorization – A nonnegative
factor model with optimal utilization of error-estimates of data values,
Environmetrics, 5, 111–126, https://doi.org/10.1002/env.3170050203, 1994.
Peters, K., Stier, P., Quaas, J., and Grabl, H.: Aerosol indirect effects
from shipping emissions: sensitivity studies with the global aerosol-climate
model ECHAM-HAM, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5985–6007, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5985-2012, 2012
“Port Houston Statistics” Port Houston, available at:
http://porthouston.com/portweb/about-us/statistics/, last access: 9
August 2017.
Raper, J. L., Kleb, M. M., Jacob, D. J., Davis, D., Newell, R. E., Fuelberg,
H. E., Bendura, R. J., Hoell, J. M., and McNeal, R. J.: Pacific Exploratory
Mission in the Tropical Pacific: PEM Tropics B, March–April 1999, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 32401–32425, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900833, 2001.
Ren, X., van Duin, D., Cazorla, M., Chen, S., Mao, J., Zhang, L., Brune, W.
H., Flynn, J., Grossberg, N., Lefer, B. L., Rappengluck, B., Wong, K. W.,
Tsai, C., Stutz, J., Dibb, J. E., Jobson, B. T., Luke, W. T., and Kelley,
P.: Atmospheric oxidation chemistry and ozone production: Results from SHARP
2009 in Houston, Texas, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 5770–5780,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50342, 2013.
Rinaldi, M., Decesari, S., Finessi, E., Giulianelli, L., Carbone, C., Fuzzi,
S., O'Dowd, C. D., Ceburnis, D., and Facchini, M. C.: Primary and secondary
organic marine aerosol and oceanic biological activity: Recent results and
new perspectives for future studies, Adv. Meteorol., 2010, 310–682,
https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/310682, 2010.
Russell, L. M., Takahama, S., Liu, S., Hawkins, L. N., Covert, D. S., Quinn,
P. K., and Bates, T. S.: Oxygenated fraction and mass of organic aerosol
from direct emission and atmospheric processing measured on the R/V Ronald
Brown during TexAQS/GoMACCS 2006, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D00F05,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011275, 2009.
Russell, L. M., Hawkins, L. N., Frossard, A. A., Quinn, P. K., and Bates, T.
S.: Carbohydrate-like composition of submicron atmospheric particles and
their production from ocean bubble bursting, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107,
6652–6657, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0908905107, 2010.
Saltzman, E. S., Savoie, D. L., Zika, R. G., and Prospero, J. M.: Methane
sulfonic acid in the marine atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 88,
10897–10902, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC088iC15p10897, 1983.
Savoie, D. L., Arimoto, R., Keene, W. C., Prospero, J. M., Duce, R. A., and
Galloway, J. N.: Marine biogenic and anthropogenic contributions to
non-sea-salt sulfate in the marine boundary layer over the North Atlantic
Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4356, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000970, 2002.
Schmale, J., Schneider, J., Nemitz, E., Tang, Y. S., Dragosits, U.,
Blackall, T. D., Trathan, P. N., Phillips, G. J., Sutton, M., and Braban, C.
F.: Sub-Antarctic marine aerosol: dominant contributions from biogenic
sources, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8669–8694, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8669-2013,
2013.
Schulze, B. C., Wallace, H. W., Flynn, J. H., Lefer, B. L., Erickson, M. H.,
Jobson, B. T., Dusanter, S., Griffith, S. M., Hansen, R. F., Stevens, P. S.,
VanReken, T., and Griffin, R. J.: Differences in BVOC oxidation and SOA
formation above and below the forest canopy, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17,
1805–1828, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1805-2017, 2017.
Setyan, A., Zhang, Q., Merkel, M., Knighton, W. B., Sun, Y., Song, C.,
Shilling, J. E., Onasch, T. B., Herndon, S. C., Worsnop, D. R., Fast, J. D.,
Zaveri, R. A., Berg, L. K., Wiedensohler, A., Flowers, B. A., Dubey, M. K.,
and Subramanian, R.: Characterization of submicron particles influenced by
mixed biogenic and anthropogenic emissions using high-resolution aerosol
mass spectrometry: results from CARES, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 8131–8156,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8131-2012, 2012.
Shank, L. M., Howell, S., Clarke, A. D., Freitag, S., Brekhovskikh, V.,
Kapustin, V., McNaughton, C., Campos, T., and Wood, R.: Organic matter and
non-refractory aerosol over the remote Southeast Pacific: oceanic and
combustion sources, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 557–576,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-557-2012, 2012.
Shilling, J. E., Chen, Q., King, S. M., Rosenoern, T., Kroll, J. H.,
Worsnop, D. R., DeCarlo, P. F., Aiken, A. C., Sueper, D., Jimenez, J. L.,
and Martin, S. T.: Loading-dependent elemental composition of alpha-pinene
SOA particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 771–782, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-771-2009,
2009.
Sinreich, R., Coburn, S., Dix, B., and Volkamer, R.: Ship-based detection of
glyoxal over the remote tropical Pacific Ocean, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10,
11359–11371, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11359-2010, 2010.
Slowik, J. G., Stroud, C., Bottenheim, J. W., Brickell, P. C., Chang, R.
Y.-W., Liggio, J., Makar, P. A., Martin, R. V., Moran, M. D., Shantz, N. C.,
Sjostedt, S. J., van Donkelaar, A., Vlasenko, A., Wiebe, H. A., Xia, A. G.,
Zhang, J., Leaitch, W. R., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Characterization of a large
biogenic secondary organic aerosol event from eastern Canadian forests,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2825–2845, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-2825-2010,
2010.
Sorooshian, A., Padro, L. T., Nenes, A., Feingold, G., McComiskey, A.,
Hersey, S. P., Gates, H., Jonsson, H. H., Miller, S. D., Stephens, G. L.,
Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: On the link between ocean biota
emissions, aerosol, and maritime clouds: Airborne, ground, and satellite
measurements off the coast of California, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 23,
Gb4007, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gb003464, 2009.
Sorooshian, A., Crosbie, E., Maudlin, L. C., Youn, J. S., Wang, Z.,
Shingler, T., Ortega, A. M., Hersey, S., and Woods, R. K.: Surface and
airborne measurements of organosulfur and methanesulfonate over the western
United States and coastal areas, J. Geophys. Res., 120, 8535–8548,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023822, 2015a.
Sorooshian, A., Prabhakar, G., Jonsson, H., Woods, R. K., Flagan, R. C., and
Seinfeld, J. H.: On the presence of giant particles downwind of ships in the
marine boundary layer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 2024–2030, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063179, 2015b.
Sun, Y.-L., Zhang, Q., Schwab, J. J., Demerjian, K. L., Chen, W.-N., Bae,
M.-S., Hung, H.-M., Hogrefe, O., Frank, B., Rattigan, O. V., and Lin, Y.-C.:
Characterization of the sources and processes of organic and inorganic
aerosols in New York city with a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass
spectrometer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1581–1602,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-1581-2011, 2011.
Tao, I., Fairley, D., Kleeman, M. J., and Harley, R. A.: Effects of
switching to lower sulfur marine fuel on air quality in the San Francisco
Bay Area, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 10171–10178, https://doi.org/10.1021/es401049x,
2013.
Tian, L., Ho, K. F., Louie, P. K. K., Qiu, H., Pun, V. C., Kan, H., Yu, I. T. S.,
and Wong, T. W.: Shipping emissions associated with increased cardiovascular
hospitalizations, Atmos. Environ., 74, 320–325, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.04.014, 2013.
Tournadre, J.: Anthropogenic pressure on the open ocean: The growth of ship
traffic revealed by altimeter analysis, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 7924–7932,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL061786, 2014.
Tsimpidi, A. P., Karydis, V. A., Zavala, M., Lei, W., Molina, L., Ulbrich,
I. M., Jimenez, J. L., and Pandis, S. N.: Evaluation of the volatility
basis-set approach for the simulation of organic aerosol formation in the
Mexico City metropolitan area, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 525–546, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-525-2010, 2010.
Ulbrich, I. M., Canagaratna, M. R., Zhang, Q., Worsnop, D. R., and Jimenez,
J. L.: Interpretation of organic components from Positive Matrix
Factorization of aerosol mass spectrometric data, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9,
2891–2918, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2891-2009, 2009.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Navigation Data Center, 2016: Waterborne
Commerce Statistics Center, U.S. Waterborne Container Traffic in
2015 – 2003, available at:
http://www.navigationdatacenter.us/wcsc/containers.htm (last access: 9 August
2017), 2003.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Designation of North American
Emission Control Area to Reduce Emissions from Ships: Regulatory
Announcement, EPA-420-F-10-015, 2010.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: National Emissions Inventory
(NEI) Data, available at:
https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-inventories/2014-national-emissions-inventory-nei-data
(last access: 10 November 2017), 2014.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Air Pollutants Emissions Trends
Data, State Average Annual Emissions Trends, available at:
https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-inventories/air-pollutant-emissions-trends-data,
last access: 10 November 2017.
Vaughan, S., Ingham, T., Whalley, L. K., Stone, D., Evans, M. J., Read, K.
A., Lee, J. D., Moller, S. J., Carpenter, L. J., Lewis, A. C., Fleming, Z.
L., and Heard, D. E.: Seasonal observations of OH and HO2 in the remote
tropical marine boundary layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 2149–2172,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-2149-2012, 2012.
Viana, M., Hammingh, P., Colette, A., Querol, X., Degraeuwe, B., de Vlieger,
I., van Aardenne, J.: Impact of maritime transport emissions on coastal air
quality in Europe, Atmos. Environ., 90, 96–105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.03.046, 2014.
Vutukuru, S. and Dabdub, D.: Modeling the effects of ship emissions on
coastal air quality: A case study of southern California, Atmos. Environ.,
42, 3751–3764, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.073, 2008.
Wallace, H. W., Sanchez, N. P., Flynn, J. H., Erickson, M. H., Lefer, B. L.,
and Griffin, R. J.: Source apportionment of particulate matter and trace
gases near a major refinery near the Houston Ship Channel, Atmos. Environ., 173,
16–29, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.10.049, 2018.
Wan, Z., Zhu, M., Chen, S., and Sperling, D.: Pollution: three steps to a
green shipping industry. Nature, 530, 275–277, https://doi.org/10.1038/530275a, 2016.
Wang, C., Corbett, J. J., and Firestone, J.: Improving spatial
representation of global ship emissions inventories, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
42, 193–199, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0700799, 2008.
Wilson, D., Billings, R., Chang, R., Enoch, S., Do, B., Perez, H., and
Sellers, J.: Year 2014 Gulfwide Emissions Inventory Study, U.S. Department
of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, available at:
https://www.boem.gov/2014-Gulfwide-Emission-Inventory/
(last access: 19 August 2018), 2017
Wong, J. P. S., Lee, A. K. Y., and Abbatt, J. P. D: Impacts of sulfate seed
acidity and water content on isoprene secondary organic aerosol formation,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 13215–13221, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02686, 2015.
Wood, E. C., Canagaratna, M. R., Herndon, S. C., Onasch, T. B., Kolb, C. E.,
Worsnop, D. R., Kroll, J. H., Knighton, W. B., Seila, R., Zavala, M.,
Molina, L. T., DeCarlo, P. F., Jimenez, J. L., Weinheimer, A. J., Knapp, D.
J., Jobson, B. T., Stutz, J., Kuster, W. C., and Williams, E. J.:
Investigation of the correlation between odd oxygen and secondary organic
aerosol in Mexico City and Houston, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8947–8968,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8947-2010, 2010.
Wozniak, A. S., Willoughby, A. S., Gurganus, S. C., and Hatcher, P. G.:
Distinguishing molecular characteristics of aerosol water soluble organic
matter from the 2011 trans-North Atlantic US GEOTRACES cruise, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 14, 8419–8434, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8419-2014, 2014.
Ying, Q., Li, J., and Kota, S. H.: Significant contributions of isoprene to
summertime secondary organic aerosol in eastern United States, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 49, 7834–7842, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02514, 2015.
Youn, J.-S., Crosbie, E., Maudlin, L. C., Wang, Z., and Sorooshian, A.:
Dimethylamine as a major alkyl amine species in particles and cloud water:
Observations in semi-arid and coastal regions, Atmos. Environ., 122,
250–258, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.09.061, 2015.
Zetterdahl, M., Salo, K., Fridell, E., and Sjoblom, J.: Impact of aromatic
concentration in marine fuels on particle emissions, J. Mar. Sci. App., 16,
352–361, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11804-017-1417-7, 2017.
Zhao, M., Zhang, Y., Ma, W., Fu, Q., Yang, X., Li, C., Zhou, B., Yu, Q., and
Chen, L: Characteristics and ship traffic source identification of air
pollutants in China's largest port, Atmos. Environ., 64, 277–286,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.10.007, 2012.
Zhu, L., Huang, X., Shi, H., Cai, X., and Song, Y.: Transport pathways and
potential sources of PM10 in Beijing, Atmos. Environ., 45, 594–604,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.10.040, 2011.
Zorn, S. R., Drewnick, F., Schott, M., Hoffmann, T., and Borrmann, S.:
Characterization of the South Atlantic marine boundary layer aerosol using
an aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4711–4728,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-4711-2008, 2008.
Short summary
Atmospheric field measurements at a coastal site near Houston, TX, were used to investigate the influence of shipping vessel emissions on aerosol mass and composition over the Gulf of Mexico. Results suggest that, despite recent regulations, these vessels still produce a considerable fraction of inorganic and organic aerosol mass in the region. Secondary effects of shipping emissions on organic aerosol composition, such as influences on aerosol aging, were also identified.
Atmospheric field measurements at a coastal site near Houston, TX, were used to investigate the...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint