Articles | Volume 18, issue 16
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 12595–12612, 2018
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12595-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 12595–12612, 2018
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12595-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
30 Aug 2018
Research article
| 30 Aug 2018
The diverse chemical mixing state of aerosol particles in the southeastern United States
Amy L. Bondy et al.
Related authors
Rachel M. Kirpes, Amy L. Bondy, Daniel Bonanno, Ryan C. Moffet, Bingbing Wang, Alexander Laskin, Andrew P. Ault, and Kerri A. Pratt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3937–3949, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3937-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3937-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic atmospheric particles have important climate impacts via cloud formation and precipitation, particularly in the wintertime. We show that sulfate, formed during atmospheric transport, is within individual sea spray particles and organic particles measured in the Alaskan Arctic. Greater contributions of combustion emissions were observed when the wind direction came from the Prudhoe Bay oil fields, showing its regional influence.
Qianjie Chen, Jessica Mirrielees, Sham Thanekar, Nicole Loeb, Rachel Kirpes, Lucia Upchurch, Anna Barget, Nurun Lata, Angela Raso, Stephen McNamara, Swarup China, Patricia Quinn, Andrew Ault, Aaron Kennedy, Paul Shepson, Jose Fuentes, and Kerri Pratt
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-442, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-442, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
During a spring field study in the coastal Arctic, ultrafine particles were enhanced during high wind speeds and coarse mode particles were reduced during blowing snow. Observed blowing snow was over-predicted by the commonly used parametrization. Sea spray aerosols produced by sea ice leads affected the composition of aerosols and snowpack. An improved understanding of aerosol emissions from leads and blowing snow is critical to predict the future climate of the rapidly warming Arctic.
Haley M. Royer, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ovid Krüger, Edmund Blades, Peter Sealy, Nurun Nahar Lata, Zezhen Cheng, Swarup China, Andrew P. Ault, Patricia K. Quinn, Paquita Zuidema, Christopher Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, and Cassandra Gaston
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-341, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-341, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents atmospheric particle chemical composition and measurements of aerosol water uptake properties collected at Ragged Point, Barbados during the winter of 2020. The result of this study indicates the importance of small African smoke particles on cloud droplet formation in the tropical North Atlantic and highlights the large spatial and temporal pervasiveness of smoke over the Atlantic Ocean.
Daniel A. Knopf, Joseph C. Charnawskas, Peiwen Wang, Benny Wong, Jay M. Tomlin, Kevin A. Jankowski, Matthew Fraund, Daniel P. Veghte, Swarup China, Alexander Laskin, Ryan C. Moffet, Mary K. Gilles, Josephine Y. Aller, Matthew A. Marcus, Shira Raveh-Rubin, and Jian Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5377–5398, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5377-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5377-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Marine boundary layer aerosols collected in the remote region of the eastern North Atlantic induce immersion freezing and deposition ice nucleation under typical mixed-phase and cirrus cloud conditions. Corresponding ice nucleation parameterizations for model applications have been derived. Chemical imaging of ambient aerosol and ice-nucleating particles demonstrates that the latter is dominated by sea salt and organics while also representing a major particle type in the particle population.
Jay M. Tomlin, Kevin A. Jankowski, Daniel P. Veghte, Swarup China, Peiwen Wang, Matthew Fraund, Johannes Weis, Guangjie Zheng, Yang Wang, Felipe Rivera-Adorno, Shira Raveh-Rubin, Daniel A. Knopf, Jian Wang, Mary K. Gilles, Ryan C. Moffet, and Alexander Laskin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18123–18146, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18123-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18123-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Analysis of individual atmospheric particles shows that aerosol transported from North America during meteorological dry intrusion episodes may have a substantial impact on the mixing state and particle-type population over the mid-Atlantic, as organic contribution and particle-type diversity are significantly enhanced during these periods. These observations need to be considered in current atmospheric models.
Yang Wang, Guangjie Zheng, Michael P. Jensen, Daniel A. Knopf, Alexander Laskin, Alyssa A. Matthews, David Mechem, Fan Mei, Ryan Moffet, Arthur J. Sedlacek, John E. Shilling, Stephen Springston, Amy Sullivan, Jason Tomlinson, Daniel Veghte, Rodney Weber, Robert Wood, Maria A. Zawadowicz, and Jian Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11079–11098, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11079-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11079-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reports the vertical profiles of trace gas and aerosol properties over the eastern North Atlantic, a region of persistent but diverse subtropical marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds. We examined the key processes that drive the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) population and how it varies with season and synoptic conditions. This study helps improve the model representation of the aerosol processes in the remote MBL, reducing the simulated aerosol indirect effects.
Yue Zhou, Christopher P. West, Anusha P. S. Hettiyadura, Xiaoying Niu, Hui Wen, Jiecan Cui, Tenglong Shi, Wei Pu, Xin Wang, and Alexander Laskin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8531–8555, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8531-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8531-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a comprehensive characterization of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in seasonal snow of northwestern China. We applied complementary multimodal analytical techniques to investigate bulk and molecular-level composition, optical properties, and sources of WSOC. For the first time, we estimated the extent of radiative forcing due to WSOC in snow using a model simulation and showed the profound influences of WSOC on the energy budget of midlatitude seasonal snowpack.
Demetrios Pagonis, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Hongyu Guo, Douglas A. Day, Melinda K. Schueneman, Wyatt L. Brown, Benjamin A. Nault, Harald Stark, Kyla Siemens, Alex Laskin, Felix Piel, Laura Tomsche, Armin Wisthaler, Matthew M. Coggon, Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Hannah S. Halliday, Jordan E. Krechmer, Richard H. Moore, David S. Thomson, Carsten Warneke, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, and Jose L. Jimenez
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 1545–1559, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1545-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1545-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We describe the airborne deployment of an extractive electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-MS). The instrument provides a quantitative 1 Hz measurement of the chemical composition of organic aerosol up to altitudes of
7 km, with single-compound detection limits as low as 50 ng per standard cubic meter.
Ana C. Morales, Thilina Jayarathne, Jonathan H. Slade, Alexander Laskin, and Paul B. Shepson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 129–145, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-129-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-129-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Organic nitrates formed from the oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds impact both ozone and particulate matter as they remove nitrogen oxides, but they represent important aerosol precursors. We conducted a series of reaction chamber experiments that quantified the total organic nitrate and secondary organic aerosol yield from the OH-radical-initiated oxidation of ocimene, and also measured their hydrolysis lifetimes in the aqueous phase, as a function of pH.
Matthew Fraund, Daniel J. Bonanno, Swarup China, Don Q. Pham, Daniel Veghte, Johannes Weis, Gourihar Kulkarni, Ken Teske, Mary K. Gilles, Alexander Laskin, and Ryan C. Moffet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11593–11606, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11593-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11593-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
High viscosity organic particles (HVOPs) in the Southern Great Plains have been analyzed, and two particle types were found. Previously studied tar balls and the recently discovered airborne soil organic particles (ASOPs) are both shown to be brown carbon (BrC). These particle types can be identified in bulk by an absorption Ångström exponent approaching 2.6. HVOP types can be differentiated by comparing carbon absorption spectrum peak ratios between the carboxylic acid, alcohol, and sp2 peaks.
Havala O. T. Pye, Athanasios Nenes, Becky Alexander, Andrew P. Ault, Mary C. Barth, Simon L. Clegg, Jeffrey L. Collett Jr., Kathleen M. Fahey, Christopher J. Hennigan, Hartmut Herrmann, Maria Kanakidou, James T. Kelly, I-Ting Ku, V. Faye McNeill, Nicole Riemer, Thomas Schaefer, Guoliang Shi, Andreas Tilgner, John T. Walker, Tao Wang, Rodney Weber, Jia Xing, Rahul A. Zaveri, and Andreas Zuend
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4809–4888, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4809-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4809-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Acid rain is recognized for its impacts on human health and ecosystems, and programs to mitigate these effects have had implications for atmospheric acidity. Historical measurements indicate that cloud and fog droplet acidity has changed in recent decades in response to controls on emissions from human activity, while the limited trend data for suspended particles indicate acidity may be relatively constant. This review synthesizes knowledge on the acidity of atmospheric particles and clouds.
Lauren T. Fleming, Peng Lin, James M. Roberts, Vanessa Selimovic, Robert Yokelson, Julia Laskin, Alexander Laskin, and Sergey A. Nizkorodov
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 1105–1129, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1105-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1105-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We have explored the nature and stability of molecules that give biomass burning smoke its faint brown color. Different types of biomass fuels were burned and the resulting smoke was collected for a detailed chemical analysis. We found that brown molecules in smoke become less colored when they are irradiated by sunlight, but this photobleaching process is very slow. This means that biomass burning smoke will remain brown-colored for a long time and efficiently warm up the atmosphere.
Mijung Song, Adrian M. Maclean, Yuanzhou Huang, Natalie R. Smith, Sandra L. Blair, Julia Laskin, Alexander Laskin, Wing-Sy Wong DeRieux, Ying Li, Manabu Shiraiwa, Sergey A. Nizkorodov, and Allan K. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 12515–12529, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12515-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12515-2019, 2019
Weijun Li, Lei Liu, Qi Yuan, Liang Xu, Yanhong Zhu, Bingbing Wang, Hua Yu, Xiaokun Ding, Jian Zhang, Dao Huang, Dantong Liu, Wei Hu, Daizhou Zhang, Pingqing Fu, Maosheng Yao, Min Hu, Xiaoye Zhang, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-539, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-539, 2019
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
The real state of individual primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) derived from natural sources is under mystery, although many studies well evaluate the morphology, mixing state, and elemental composition of anthropogenic particles. It induces that some studies mislead some anthropogenic particles into biological particles through electron microscopy. Here we firstly estimate the full database of individual PBAPs through two microscopic instruments. The database is good for research.
Matthew Fraund, Tim Park, Lin Yao, Daniel Bonanno, Don Q. Pham, and Ryan C. Moffet
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 1619–1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1619-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1619-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) is a powerful tool which is able to determine the elemental and functional composition of aerosols on a subparticle level. The current work validates the use of STXM for quantitatively calculating the organic volume fraction of individual aerosols by applying the calculation to lab-prepared samples. The caveats and limitations for this calculation are shown as well.
Victoria E. Irish, Sarah J. Hanna, Megan D. Willis, Swarup China, Jennie L. Thomas, Jeremy J. B. Wentzell, Ana Cirisan, Meng Si, W. Richard Leaitch, Jennifer G. Murphy, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, Alexander Laskin, Eric Girard, and Allan K. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 1027–1039, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1027-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1027-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Ice nucleating particles (INPs) are atmospheric particles that catalyse the formation of ice crystals in clouds. INPs influence the Earth's radiative balance and hydrological cycle. In this study we measured the concentrations of INPs in the Canadian Arctic marine boundary layer. Average INP concentrations fell within the range measured in other marine boundary layer locations. We also found that mineral dust is a more important contributor to the INP population than sea spray aerosol.
Chunlin Li, Quanfu He, Julian Schade, Johannes Passig, Ralf Zimmermann, Daphne Meidan, Alexander Laskin, and Yinon Rudich
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 139–163, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-139-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-139-2019, 2019
Wing-Sy Wong DeRieux, Ying Li, Peng Lin, Julia Laskin, Alexander Laskin, Allan K. Bertram, Sergey A. Nizkorodov, and Manabu Shiraiwa
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 6331–6351, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6331-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6331-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The phase transition of organic particles between glassy and semi-solid states occurs at the glass transition temperature. We developed a method to predict glass transition temperatures and the viscosity of secondary organic aerosols using molecular composition, with consistent results with viscosity measurements. The viscosity of biomass burning particles was also estimated using the chemical composition measured by high-resolution mass spectrometry with two different ionization techniques.
Rachel M. Kirpes, Amy L. Bondy, Daniel Bonanno, Ryan C. Moffet, Bingbing Wang, Alexander Laskin, Andrew P. Ault, and Kerri A. Pratt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3937–3949, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3937-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3937-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic atmospheric particles have important climate impacts via cloud formation and precipitation, particularly in the wintertime. We show that sulfate, formed during atmospheric transport, is within individual sea spray particles and organic particles measured in the Alaskan Arctic. Greater contributions of combustion emissions were observed when the wind direction came from the Prudhoe Bay oil fields, showing its regional influence.
Matthew J. Gunsch, Nathaniel W. May, Miao Wen, Courtney L. H. Bottenus, Daniel J. Gardner, Timothy M. VanReken, Steven B. Bertman, Philip K. Hopke, Andrew P. Ault, and Kerri A. Pratt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3701–3715, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3701-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3701-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
During summer 2014, atmospheric particulate matter in northern Michigan was impacted by wildfire emissions under all air mass conditions (Canadian wildfires, US urban, and Canadian forest influences). Biomass burning particles coated with secondary organic aerosol contributed the majority of the submicron aerosol mass. Given increasing wildfires, the impacts of biomass burning on air quality must be assessed, particularly for downwind areas impacted by long-range transport.
Lauren T. Fleming, Peng Lin, Alexander Laskin, Julia Laskin, Robert Weltman, Rufus D. Edwards, Narendra K. Arora, Ankit Yadav, Simone Meinardi, Donald R. Blake, Ajay Pillarisetti, Kirk R. Smith, and Sergey A. Nizkorodov
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 2461–2480, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2461-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2461-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Household cooking emissions in India, which rely on traditional meal preparation with dung- and brushwood-fueled cookstoves, produce copious amounts of particulate matter. Detailed chemical analysis of the compounds found in this particulate matter detected a large number of previously unidentified nitrogen-containing organic compounds, originating from dung-fueled cookstoves.
Mallory L. Hinks, Julia Montoya-Aguilera, Lucas Ellison, Peng Lin, Alexander Laskin, Julia Laskin, Manabu Shiraiwa, Donald Dabdub, and Sergey A. Nizkorodov
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 1643–1652, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1643-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1643-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We have observed a strong effect of relative humidity on the composition of particulate matter produced from the oxidation of toluene in clean air. At higher relative humidity, there was a significant reduction in the fraction of high-molecular-weight compounds present in the particles. The amount of particulate matter also decreased at higher relative humidity. The main implication of this study is that water vapor participates in the photooxidation of toluene in a complicated way.
Ryan D. Cook, Ying-Hsuan Lin, Zhuoyu Peng, Eric Boone, Rosalie K. Chu, James E. Dukett, Matthew J. Gunsch, Wuliang Zhang, Nikola Tolic, Alexander Laskin, and Kerri A. Pratt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 15167–15180, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-15167-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-15167-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Reactions occur within water in both atmospheric particles and cloud droplets, yet little is known about the organic compounds in cloud water. In this work, cloud water samples were collected at Whiteface Mountain, New York, and analyzed using ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry to investigate the molecular composition of the dissolved organic compounds. The results focus on changes in cloud water composition with air mass origin – influences of forest, urban, and wildfire emissions.
Julia Montoya-Aguilera, Jeremy R. Horne, Mallory L. Hinks, Lauren T. Fleming, Véronique Perraud, Peng Lin, Alexander Laskin, Julia Laskin, Donald Dabdub, and Sergey A. Nizkorodov
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 11605–11621, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11605-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11605-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Various plant species emit a chemical compound called indole under stressed conditions or during flowering events. Our experiments show that indole can be oxidized in the atmosphere to produce a brownish haze containing well-known indole-derived dyes, such as indigo dye. An airshed model that includes indole chemistry shows that indole aerosol makes a significant contribution to the total aerosol burden and to visibility.
Yevgeny Derimian, Marie Choël, Yinon Rudich, Karine Deboudt, Oleg Dubovik, Alexander Laskin, Michel Legrand, Bahaiddin Damiri, Ilan Koren, Florin Unga, Myriam Moreau, Meinrat O. Andreae, and Arnon Karnieli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 11331–11353, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11331-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11331-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present influence of daily occurrence of the sea breeze flow from the Mediterranean Sea on physicochemical and optical properties of atmospheric aerosol deep inland in the Negev Desert of Israel. Sampled airborne dust was found be internally mixed with sea-salt particles and reacted with anthropogenic pollution, which makes the dust highly hygroscopic and a liquid coating of particles appears. These physicochemical transformations are associated with a change in aerosol radiative properties.
Matthew J. Gunsch, Rachel M. Kirpes, Katheryn R. Kolesar, Tate E. Barrett, Swarup China, Rebecca J. Sheesley, Alexander Laskin, Alfred Wiedensohler, Thomas Tuch, and Kerri A. Pratt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 10879–10892, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10879-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10879-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic sea ice loss is leading to increasing petroleum extraction and shipping. It is necessary to identify emissions from these activities for improved Arctic air quality and climate assessment. Atmospheric particles were measured from August to September 2015 in Utqiaġvik, AK. For periods influenced by Prudhoe Bay, significant influence associated with combustion emissions was observed, compared to fresh sea spray influence during Arctic Ocean periods.
Adam P. Bateman, Zhaoheng Gong, Tristan H. Harder, Suzane S. de Sá, Bingbing Wang, Paulo Castillo, Swarup China, Yingjun Liu, Rachel E. O'Brien, Brett B. Palm, Hung-Wei Shiu, Glauber G. Cirino, Ryan Thalman, Kouji Adachi, M. Lizabeth Alexander, Paulo Artaxo, Allan K. Bertram, Peter R. Buseck, Mary K. Gilles, Jose L. Jimenez, Alexander Laskin, Antonio O. Manzi, Arthur Sedlacek, Rodrigo A. F. Souza, Jian Wang, Rahul Zaveri, and Scot T. Martin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 1759–1773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1759-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1759-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The occurrence of nonliquid and liquid physical states of submicron atmospheric particulate matter (PM) downwind of an urban region in central Amazonia was investigated. Air masses representing background conditions, urban pollution, and regional- and continental-scale biomass were measured. Anthropogenic influences contributed to the presence of nonliquid PM in the atmospheric particle population, while liquid PM dominated during periods of biogenic influence.
Ryan C. Moffet, Rachel E. O'Brien, Peter A. Alpert, Stephen T. Kelly, Don Q. Pham, Mary K. Gilles, Daniel A. Knopf, and Alexander Laskin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14515–14525, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14515-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14515-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric black carbon (BC), commonly known as soot, is an important constituent of the earth that imparts a warming similar to that of carbon dioxide. However, BC is much shorter lived and has uncertain warming due to its mixture with other solid and liquid components. Here, advanced microscopic methods have provided a detailed look at thousands of BC particles sampled from central California; these measurements will lead towards a better understanding of the effects that BC has on climate.
Jiumeng Liu, Peng Lin, Alexander Laskin, Julia Laskin, Shawn M. Kathmann, Matthew Wise, Ryan Caylor, Felisha Imholt, Vanessa Selimovic, and John E. Shilling
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 12815–12827, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12815-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12815-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Light absorbing organic aerosols (BrC) absorb sunlight thereby influencing climate; however, understanding of the link between their optical properties and environmental variables remains limited. Our chamber experiment results suggest that variables including NOx concentration, RH level, and photolysis time have considerable influence on secondary BrC optical properties. The results contribute to a more accurate characterization of the impacts of aerosols on climate, especially in urban areas.
Nathaniel W. May, Jessica L. Axson, Alexa Watson, Kerri A. Pratt, and Andrew P. Ault
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 4311–4325, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4311-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4311-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols are generated every time a wave breaks, as bubbles are formed that rise to the surface and burst. A great deal is known about sea spray aerosol from oceans, but very little is known about particles formed from freshwater, such as lakes and rivers. This study determines how "lake spray aerosol" is formed, which leads to distinctly different sizes and chemical composition from sea spray aerosol. These differences impact climate, weather, and human health near bodies of freshwater.
Lu Yu, Jeremy Smith, Alexander Laskin, Katheryn M. George, Cort Anastasio, Julia Laskin, Ann M. Dillner, and Qi Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4511–4527, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4511-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4511-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical evolution of SOA formed during aqueous reactions of phenolic compounds is studied via combined bulk and molecular analysis. Phenolic SOA evolve dynamically during photochemical aging, with different reaction mechanisms (oligomerization, fragmentation, and functionalization) leading to different generations of products that span an enormous range in volatilities and a large range in oxidation state and composition. Aqueous reactions of phenols are likely an important source of ELVOC.
H. M. Allen, D. C. Draper, B. R. Ayres, A. Ault, A. Bondy, S. Takahama, R. L. Modini, K. Baumann, E. Edgerton, C. Knote, A. Laskin, B. Wang, and J. L. Fry
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10669–10685, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10669-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10669-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We report ion chromatographic measurements of gas- and aerosol-phase inorganic species at the SOAS 2013 field study. Our particular focus is on inorganic nitrate aerosol formation via HNO3 uptake onto coarse-mode dust and sea salt particles, which we find to be the dominant source of episodic inorganic nitrate at this site, due to the high acidity of the particles preventing formation of NH4NO3. We calculate a production rate of inorganic nitrate aerosol.
J. M. Creamean, A. P. Ault, A. B. White, P. J. Neiman, F. M. Ralph, P. Minnis, and K. A. Prather
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6535–6548, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6535-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6535-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols impact how clouds and precipitation form. In the California Sierra Nevada, we found that the formation and resulting amount of rain and snow were impacted by mineral dust, bioparticles such as bacteria, and biomass burning and pollution particles during three winter seasons. Dust and bioparticles from distant sources impacted high-altitude clouds by forming ice, leading to more precipitation, whereas local biomass burning and pollution entered the base of clouds, leading to less rain.
R. C. Moffet, T. C. Rödel, S. T. Kelly, X. Y. Yu, G. T. Carroll, J. Fast, R. A. Zaveri, A. Laskin, and M. K. Gilles
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10445–10459, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10445-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10445-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Composition and mixing state of Arctic aerosol and cloud residual particles from long-term single-particle observations at Zeppelin Observatory, Svalbard
A meteorological overview of the ORACLES (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS) campaign over the southeastern Atlantic during 2016–2018: Part 2 – Daily and synoptic characteristics
Measurement report: Characterization of sugars and amino acids in atmospheric fine particulates and their relationship to local primary sources
Organic enrichment in droplet residual particles relative to out of cloud over the northwestern Atlantic: analysis of airborne ACTIVATE data
Long-term trends and drivers of aerosol pH in eastern China
Potential underestimation of ambient brown carbon absorption based on the methanol extraction method and its impacts on source analysis
Contributions of primary sources to submicron organic aerosols in Delhi, India
Examination of brown carbon absorption from wildfires in the western US during the WE-CAN study
Source apportionment and evolution of N-containing aerosols at a rural cloud forest in Taiwan by isotope analysis
Measurement report: Characterisation and sources of the secondary organic carbon in a Chinese megacity over 5 years from 2016 to 2020
Exploring the inorganic composition of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer using medium-duration balloon flights
Technical note: Use of PM2.5 to CO ratio as an indicator of wildfire smoke in urban areas
Ice-nucleating particles near two major dust source regions
The effect of COVID-19 restrictions on atmospheric new particle formation in Beijing
The effect of clouds and precipitation on the aerosol concentrations and composition in a boreal forest environment
The impact of atmospheric motions on source-specific black carbon and the induced direct radiative effects over a river-valley region
Measurement report: The 10-year trend of PM2.5 major components and source tracers from 2008 to 2017 in an urban site of Hong Kong, China
Contribution of wood burning to exposures of PAHs and oxy-PAHs in Eastern Sweden
Chemical evolution of secondary organic aerosol tracers during high-PM2.5 episodes at a suburban site in Hong Kong over 4 months of continuous measurement
Sources and processes of water-soluble and water-insoluble organic aerosol in cold season in Beijing, China
Measurement report: Size-resolved chemical characterisation of aerosols in low-income urban settlements in South Africa
Measurement report: Large contribution of biomass burning and aqueous-phase processes to the wintertime secondary organic aerosol formation in Xi'an, Northwest China
PM10 variation, composition, and source analysis in Tuscany (Italy) following the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions
Emissions of organic compounds from western US wildfires and their near-fire transformations
A comprehensive study about the in-cloud processing of nitrate through coupled measurements of individual cloud residuals and cloud water
Iron (Fe) speciation in size-fractionated aerosol particles in the Pacific Ocean: The role of organic complexation of Fe with humic-like substances in controlling Fe solubility
Measurement report: On the contribution of long-distance transport to the secondary aerosol formation and aging
Factors controlling atmospheric DMS and its oxidation products (MSA and nssSO42−) in the aerosol at Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica
Particle phase-state variability in the North Atlantic free troposphere during summertime is determined by atmospheric transport patterns and sources
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their alkylated, nitrated and oxygenated derivatives in the atmosphere over the Mediterranean and Middle East seas
Nine-year trends of PM10 sources and oxidative potential in a rural background site in France
Dramatic changes in atmospheric pollution source contributions for a coastal megacity in northern China from 2011 to 2020
Chromophores and chemical composition of brown carbon characterized at an urban kerbside by excitation-emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry
Understanding aerosol composition in a tropical inter-Andean valley impacted by agro-industrial and urban emissions
Atmospheric particle abundance and sea salt aerosol observations in the springtime Arctic: a focus on blowing snow and leads
Measurement report: The importance of biomass burning in light extinction and direct radiative effect of urban aerosol during the COVID-19 lockdown in Xi'an, China
Long-term Atmospheric Deposition of Nitrogen and Sulfur and Assessment of Critical Loads Exceedances at Canadian Rural Locations
Chemical properties, sources and size-resolved hygroscopicity of submicron black-carbon-containing aerosols in urban Shanghai
Measurement report: Effects of anthropogenic emissions and environmental factors on the formation of biogenic secondary organic aerosol (BSOA) in a coastal city of southeastern China
Different physicochemical behaviors of nitrate and ammonium during transport: a case study on Mt. Hua, China
Highly time-resolved chemical speciation and source apportionment of organic aerosol components in Delhi, India, using extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
The chemical composition and mixing state of BC-containing particles and the implications on light absorption enhancement
Evidence of haze-driven secondary production of supermicrometer aerosol nitrate and sulfate in size distribution data in South Korea
Spatial variability of air pollutants in a megacity characterized by mobile measurements
Linking Switzerland's PM10 and PM2.5 oxidative potential (OP) with emission sources
Reversible and irreversible gas–particle partitioning of dicarbonyl compounds observed in the real atmosphere
Molecular characteristics, sources, and formation pathways of organosulfur compounds in ambient aerosol in Guangzhou, South China
Evolution of source attributed organic aerosols and gases in a megacity of central China
Measurement report: Hygroscopic growth of ambient fine particles measured at five sites in China
African Smoke Particles Act as Cloud Condensation Nuclei in the Wintertime Tropical North Atlantic Boundary Layer over Barbados
Kouji Adachi, Yutaka Tobo, Makoto Koike, Gabriel Freitas, Paul Zieger, and Radovan Krejci
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14421–14439, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14421-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14421-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ambient aerosol and cloud residual particles in the fine mode were collected at Zeppelin Observatory in Svalbard and were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. Fractions of mineral dust and sea salt particles increased in cloud residual samples collected at ambient temperatures below 0 °C. This study highlights the variety of aerosol and cloud residual particle compositions and mixing states that influence or are influenced by aerosol–cloud interactions in Arctic low-level clouds.
Ju-Mee Ryoo, Leonhard Pfister, Rei Ueyama, Paquita Zuidema, Robert Wood, Ian Chang, and Jens Redemann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14209–14241, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14209-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14209-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The variability in the meteorological fields during each deployment is highly modulated at a daily to synoptic timescale. This paper, along with part 1, the climatological overview paper, provides a meteorological context for interpreting the airborne measurements gathered during the three ORACLES deployments. This study supports related studies focusing on the detailed investigation of the processes controlling stratocumulus decks, aerosol lifting, transport, and their interactions.
Ren-Guo Zhu, Hua-Yun Xiao, Liqin Cheng, Huixiao Zhu, Hongwei Xiao, and Yunyun Gong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14019–14036, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14019-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14019-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Sugars and amino acids are major classes of organic components in atmospheric fine particles and play important roles in the atmosphere. To identify their sources in different regions, the concentrations and compositions of sugar amino acids in fine particles were analysed. Our findings suggest that combining specific sugar tracers and chemical profiles of combined amino acids in local emission sources can identify various source characteristics of primary sources.
Hossein Dadashazar, Andrea F. Corral, Ewan Crosbie, Sanja Dmitrovic, Simon Kirschler, Kayla McCauley, Richard Moore, Claire Robinson, Joseph S. Schlosser, Michael Shook, K. Lee Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Edward Winstead, Luke Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13897–13913, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13897-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13897-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Multi-season airborne data over the northwestern Atlantic show that organic mass fraction and the relative amount of oxygenated organics within that fraction are enhanced in droplet residual particles as compared to particles below and above cloud. In-cloud aqueous processing is shown to be a potential driver of this compositional shift in cloud. This implies that aerosol–cloud interactions in the region reduce aerosol hygroscopicity due to the jump in the organic : sulfate ratio in cloud.
Min Zhou, Guangjie Zheng, Hongli Wang, Liping Qiao, Shuhui Zhu, DanDan Huang, Jingyu An, Shengrong Lou, Shikang Tao, Qian Wang, Rusha Yan, Yingge Ma, Changhong Chen, Yafang Cheng, Hang Su, and Cheng Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13833–13844, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13833-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13833-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The trend of aerosol pH and its drivers is crucial in understanding the multiphase formation pathways of aerosols. We reported the first trend analysis of aerosol pH from 2011 to 2019 in eastern China. Although significant variations of aerosol compositions were observed from 2011 to 2019, the aerosol pH estimated by model only slightly declined by 0.24. Our work shows that the opposite effects of SO42− and non-volatile cation changes play key roles in determining the moderate pH trend.
Zhenqi Xu, Wei Feng, Yicheng Wang, Haoran Ye, Yuhang Wang, Hong Liao, and Mingjie Xie
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13739–13752, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13739-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13739-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work uses a solvent (DMF) that can efficiently dissolve low-volatility OC to examine BrC absorption and sources, which will benefit future investigations on the physicochemical properties of large organic molecules. The study results also shed light on potential sources for methanol-insoluble OC. These results highlight the importance of testing different solvents to investigate the structures and light absorption of low-volatility BrC.
Sahil Bhandari, Zainab Arub, Gazala Habib, Joshua S. Apte, and Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13631–13657, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13631-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13631-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Here we determine the sources of primary organic aerosol in Delhi, India, in two different seasons. In winter, the main sources are traffic and biomass burning; in the summer, the main sources are traffic and cooking. We obtain this result by conducting source apportionment resolved by time of day, using data from an aerosol chemical speciation monitor. Results from this work can be used to better design policies that target sources of organic aerosol.
Amy P. Sullivan, Rudra P. Pokhrel, Yingjie Shen, Shane M. Murphy, Darin W. Toohey, Teresa Campos, Jakob Lindaas, Emily V. Fischer, and Jeffrey L. Collett Jr.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13389–13406, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13389-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13389-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
During the WE-CAN (Western Wildfire Experiment for Cloud Chemistry, Aerosol Absorption and Nitrogen) study, brown carbon (BrC) absorption was measured on the NSF/NCAR C-130 aircraft using a particle-into-liquid sampler and photoacoustic aerosol absorption spectrometer. Approximately 45 % of the BrC absorption in wildfires was observed to be due to water-soluble species. The ratio of BrC absorption to WSOC or ΔCO showed no clear dependence on fire dynamics or the time since emission over 9 h.
Ting-Yu Chen, Chia-Li Chen, Yi-Chi Chen, Charles C.-K. Chou, Haojia Ren, and Hui-Ming Hung
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13001–13012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13001-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13001-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The anthropogenic influence on aerosol composition in a downstream river-valley forest was investigated using FTIR and isotope analysis. A higher N-containing species concentration during daytime fog events indicates that a stronger inversion leads to higher pollutant concentrations, and the fog enhances the aqueous-phase chemical processes. Moreover, the observed size-dependent oxygen isotope suggests the contribution of organic peroxyl radicals to local nitrate formation for small particles.
Meng Wang, Yusen Duan, Wei Xu, Qiyuan Wang, Zhuozhi Zhang, Qi Yuan, Xinwei Li, Shuwen Han, Haijie Tong, Juntao Huo, Jia Chen, Shan Gao, Zhongbiao Wu, Long Cui, Yu Huang, Guangli Xiu, Junji Cao, Qingyan Fu, and Shun-cheng Lee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12789–12802, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12789-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12789-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we report the long-term measurement of organic carbon (OC) and elementary carbon (EC) in PM2.5 with hourly time resolution conducted at a regional site in Shanghai from 2016 to 2020. The results from this study provide critical information about the long-term trend of carbonaceous aerosol, in particular secondary OC, in one of the largest megacities in the world and are helpful for developing pollution control measures from a long-term planning perspective.
Hazel Vernier, Neeraj Rastogi, Hongyu Liu, Amit Kumar Pandit, Kris Bedka, Anil Patel, Madineni Venkat Ratnam, Buduru Suneel Kumar, Bo Zhang, Harish Gadhavi, Frank Wienhold, Gwenael Berthet, and Jean-Paul Vernier
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12675–12694, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12675-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12675-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical composition of the stratospheric aerosols collected aboard high-altitude balloons above the summer Asian monsoon reveals the presence of nitrate/nitrite. Using numerical simulations and satellite observations, we found that pollution as well as lightning could explain some of our observations.
Daniel A. Jaffe, Brendan Schnieder, and Daniel Inouye
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12695–12704, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12695-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12695-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we use commonly measured pollutants (PM2.5 and carbon monoxide) to develop a Monte Carlo simulation of the mixing of urban pollution with smoke. The simulations compare well with observations from a heavily impacted smoke site and show that we can use standard regulatory measurements to quantify the amount of smoke in urban areas.
Charlotte M. Beall, Thomas C. J. Hill, Paul J. DeMott, Tobias Köneman, Michael Pikridas, Frank Drewnick, Hartwig Harder, Christopher Pöhlker, Jos Lelieveld, Bettina Weber, Minas Iakovides, Roman Prokeš, Jean Sciare, Meinrat O. Andreae, M. Dale Stokes, and Kimberly A. Prather
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12607–12627, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12607-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12607-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) are rare aerosols that can trigger ice formation in clouds and affect climate-relevant cloud properties such as phase, reflectivity and lifetime. Dust is the dominant INP source, yet few measurements have been reported near major dust sources. We report INP observations within hundreds of kilometers of the biggest dust source regions globally: the Sahara and the Arabian Peninsula. Results show that at temperatures > −15 °C, INPs are dominated by organics.
Chao Yan, Yicheng Shen, Dominik Stolzenburg, Lubna Dada, Ximeng Qi, Simo Hakala, Anu-Maija Sundström, Yishuo Guo, Antti Lipponen, Tom V. Kokkonen, Jenni Kontkanen, Runlong Cai, Jing Cai, Tommy Chan, Liangduo Chen, Biwu Chu, Chenjuan Deng, Wei Du, Xiaolong Fan, Xu-Cheng He, Juha Kangasluoma, Joni Kujansuu, Mona Kurppa, Chang Li, Yiran Li, Zhuohui Lin, Yiliang Liu, Yuliang Liu, Yiqun Lu, Wei Nie, Jouni Pulliainen, Xiaohui Qiao, Yonghong Wang, Yifan Wen, Ye Wu, Gan Yang, Lei Yao, Rujing Yin, Gen Zhang, Shaojun Zhang, Feixue Zheng, Ying Zhou, Antti Arola, Johanna Tamminen, Pauli Paasonen, Yele Sun, Lin Wang, Neil M. Donahue, Yongchun Liu, Federico Bianchi, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Douglas R. Worsnop, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Tuukka Petäjä, Aijun Ding, Jingkun Jiang, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12207–12220, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12207-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12207-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is a dominant source of atmospheric ultrafine particles. In urban environments, traffic emissions are a major source of primary pollutants, but their contribution to NPF remains under debate. During the COVID-19 lockdown, traffic emissions were significantly reduced, providing a unique chance to examine their relevance to NPF. Based on our comprehensive measurements, we demonstrate that traffic emissions alone are not able to explain the NPF in Beijing.
Sini Isokääntä, Paul Kim, Santtu Mikkonen, Thomas Kühn, Harri Kokkola, Taina Yli-Juuti, Liine Heikkinen, Krista Luoma, Tuukka Petäjä, Zak Kipling, Daniel Partridge, and Annele Virtanen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11823–11843, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11823-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11823-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This research employs air mass history analysis and observations to study how clouds and precipitation affect atmospheric aerosols during transport to a boreal forest site. The mass concentrations of studied chemical species showed exponential decrease as a function of accumulated rain along the air mass route. Our analysis revealed in-cloud sulfate formation, while no major changes in organic mass were seen. Most of the in-cloud-formed sulfate could be assigned to particle sizes above 200 nm.
Huikun Liu, Qiyuan Wang, Suixin Liu, Bianhong Zhou, Yao Qu, Jie Tian, Ting Zhang, Yongming Han, and Junji Cao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11739–11757, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11739-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11739-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric motions play an important role in the mass concentration and the direct radiative effect (DRE) of black carbon (BC). The finding from this study elaborated the impacts of different scales of atmospheric motion on source-specific BC and its DREs, which revealed the nonlinear change between BC mass concentration and its DREs and emphasizes the importance of regionally transported BC for potential climatic effects.
Wing Sze Chow, Kezheng Liao, X. H. Hilda Huang, Ka Fung Leung, Alexis K. H. Lau, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11557–11577, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11557-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11557-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term monitoring data of PM2.5 chemical composition provide essential information for evaluation and planning of control measures. Here we present a 10-year (2008–2017) time series of PM2.5, its major components, and select source markers in an urban site in Hong Kong. The dataset verified the success of local vehicular emission control measures as well as reduction of sulfate and regional sources such as industrial and coal combustion and crop residue burning emissions over the decade.
Hwanmi Lim, Sanna Silvergren, Silvia Spinicci, Farshid Mashayekhy Rad, Ulrika Nilsson, Roger Westerholm, and Christer Johansson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11359–11379, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11359-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11359-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Air pollutants from wood burning become more important as other regulated emissions are being reduced, e.g. combustion of diesel. We analysed particles in residential areas and found that local wood burning was the most important source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Specific tracers were used to separate wood combustion from other contributions. Calculations of population exposure showed that the mix of PAHs may cause 13 cancer cases per 0.1 million inhabitants.
Qiongqiong Wang, Shan Wang, Yuk Ying Cheng, Hanzhe Chen, Zijing Zhang, Jinjian Li, Dasa Gu, Zhe Wang, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11239–11253, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11239-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11239-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is often enhanced during fine-particulate-matter (PM2.5) episodes. We examined bi-hourly measurements of SOA molecular tracers in suburban Hong Kong during 11 city-wide PM2.5 episodes. The tracers showed regional characteristics for both anthropogenic and biogenic SOA as well as biomass-burning-derived SOA. Multiple tracers of the same precursor revealed the dominance of low-NOx formation pathways for isoprene SOA and less-aged monoterpene SOA during winter.
Zhiqiang Zhang, Yele Sun, Chun Chen, Bo You, Aodong Du, Weiqi Xu, Yan Li, Zhijie Li, Lu Lei, Wei Zhou, Jiaxing Sun, Yanmei Qiu, Lianfang Wei, Pingqing Fu, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10409–10423, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10409-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10409-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a comprehensive characterization of water-soluble organic aerosol and the first mass spectral characterization of water-insoluble organic aerosol in the cold season in Beijing by integrating online and offline aerosol mass spectrometer measurements. WSOA comprised dominantly secondary OA and showed large changes during the transition season from autumn to winter. WIOA was characterized by prominent hydrocarbon ions series, low oxidation states, and significant day–night differences.
Constance K. Segakweng, Pieter G. van Zyl, Cathy Liousse, Johan P. Beukes, Jan-Stefan Swartz, Eric Gardrat, Maria Dias-Alves, Brigitte Language, Roelof P. Burger, and Stuart J. Piketh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10291–10317, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10291-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10291-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A detailed size-resolved assessment of the chemical characteristics of outdoor and indoor aerosols collected in low-income urban settlements in South Africa indicated the significance of household combustion for cooking and space heating – an important source of pollutants in the developing world – to atmospheric chemical composition. The regional impact of industrial sources in the highly industrialised and densely populated north-eastern interior of South Africa was also evident.
Jing Duan, Ru-Jin Huang, Yifang Gu, Chunshui Lin, Haobin Zhong, Wei Xu, Quan Liu, Yan You, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Darius Ceburnis, Thorsten Hoffmann, and Colin O'Dowd
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10139–10153, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10139-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10139-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Biomass-burning-influenced oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA-BB), formed from the photochemical oxidation and aging of biomass burning OA (BBOA), was resolved in urban Xi’an. The aqueous-phase processed oxygenated OA (aq-OOA) concentration was more dependent on secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) content and aerosol liquid water content (ALWC). The increased aq-OOA contribution during SIA-enhanced periods likely reflects OA evolution due to the addition of alcohol or peroxide groups
Fabio Giardi, Silvia Nava, Giulia Calzolai, Giulia Pazzi, Massimo Chiari, Andrea Faggi, Bianca Patrizia Andreini, Chiara Collaveri, Elena Franchi, Guido Nincheri, Alessandra Amore, Silvia Becagli, Mirko Severi, Rita Traversi, and Franco Lucarelli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9987–10005, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9987-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9987-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The restriction measures adopted to contain the COVID-19 virus offered a unique opportunity to study urban particulate emissions in the near absence of traffic, which is one of the main emission sources in the urban environment. However, the drastic decrease in this source of particulate matter during the months of national lockdown did not lead to an equal decrease in the total particulate load. This is due to the inverse behavior shown by different sources, especially secondary sources.
Yutong Liang, Christos Stamatis, Edward C. Fortner, Rebecca A. Wernis, Paul Van Rooy, Francesca Majluf, Tara I. Yacovitch, Conner Daube, Scott C. Herndon, Nathan M. Kreisberg, Kelley C. Barsanti, and Allen H. Goldstein
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9877–9893, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9877-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9877-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This article reports the measurements of organic compounds emitted from western US wildfires. We identified and quantified 240 particle-phase compounds and 72 gas-phase compounds emitted in wildfire and related the emissions to the modified combustion efficiency. Higher emissions of diterpenoids and monoterpenes were observed, likely due to distillation from unburned heated vegetation. Our results can benefit future source apportionment and modeling studies as well as exposure assessments.
Guohua Zhang, Xiaodong Hu, Wei Sun, Yuxiang Yang, Ziyong Guo, Yuzhen Fu, Haichao Wang, Shengzhen Zhou, Lei Li, Mingjin Tang, Zongbo Shi, Duohong Chen, Xinhui Bi, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9571–9582, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9571-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9571-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We show a significant enhancement of nitrate mass fraction in cloud water and relative intensity of nitrate in the cloud residual particles and highlight that hydrolysis of N2O5 serves as the critical route for the in-cloud formation of nitrate, even during the daytime. Given that N2O5 hydrolysis acts as a major sink of NOx in the atmosphere, further model updates may improve our understanding about the processes contributing to nitrate production in cloud and the cycling of odd nitrogen.
Kohei Sakata, Minako Kurisu, Yasuo Takeichi, Aya Sakaguchi, Hiroshi Tanimoto, Yusuke Tamenori, Atsushi Matsuki, and Yoshio Takahashi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9461–9482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9461-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9461-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Iron (Fe) species in size-fractionated aerosol particles collected in the western Pacific Ocean were determined to identify factors controlling fractional Fe solubility. We found that labile Fe was mainly present in submicron aerosol particles, and the Fe species were ferric organic complexes combined with humic-like substances (Fe(III)-HULIS). The Fe(III)-HULIS was formed by atmospheric processes. Thus, atmospheric processes play a significant role in controlling Fe solubility.
Haobin Zhong, Ru-Jin Huang, Chunshui Lin, Wei Xu, Jing Duan, Yifang Gu, Wei Huang, Haiyan Ni, Chongshu Zhu, Yan You, Yunfei Wu, Renjian Zhang, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Darius Ceburnis, and Colin D. O'Dowd
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9513–9524, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9513-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9513-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To investigate the physico-chemical properties of aerosol transported from major pollution regions in China, observations were conducted ~200 m above the ground at the junction location of the two key pollution areas. We found that the formation efficiency, oxidation state and production rate of secondary aerosol were different in the transport sectors from different pollution regions, and they were largely enhanced by the regional long-distance transport.
Silvia Becagli, Elena Barbaro, Simone Bonamano, Laura Caiazzo, Alcide di Sarra, Matteo Feltracco, Paolo Grigioni, Jost Heintzenberg, Luigi Lazzara, Michel Legrand, Alice Madonia, Marco Marcelli, Chiara Melillo, Daniela Meloni, Caterina Nuccio, Giandomenico Pace, Ki-Tae Park, Suzanne Preunkert, Mirko Severi, Marco Vecchiato, Roberta Zangrando, and Rita Traversi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9245–9263, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9245-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9245-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of phytoplanktonic dimethylsulfide and its oxidation products in the Antarctic atmosphere allow us to understand the role of the oceanic (sea ice melting, Chl α and dimethylsulfoniopropionate) and atmospheric (wind direction and speed, humidity, solar radiation and transport processes) factors in the biogenic aerosol formation, concentration and characteristic ratio between components in an Antarctic coastal site facing the polynya of the Ross Sea.
Zezhen Cheng, Megan Morgenstern, Bo Zhang, Matthew Fraund, Nurun Nahar Lata, Rhenton Brimberry, Matthew A. Marcus, Lynn Mazzoleni, Paulo Fialho, Silvia Henning, Birgit Wehner, Claudio Mazzoleni, and Swarup China
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9033–9057, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9033-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9033-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We observed a high abundance of liquid and internally mixed particles in samples collected in the North Atlantic free troposphere during summer. We also found several solid and semisolid particles for different emission sources and transport patterns. Our results suggest that considering the mixing state, emission source, and transport patterns of particles is necessary to estimate their phase state in the free troposphere, which is critical for predicting their effects on climate.
Marco Wietzoreck, Marios Kyprianou, Benjamin A. Musa Bandowe, Siddika Celik, John N. Crowley, Frank Drewnick, Philipp Eger, Nils Friedrich, Minas Iakovides, Petr Kukučka, Jan Kuta, Barbora Nežiková, Petra Pokorná, Petra Přibylová, Roman Prokeš, Roland Rohloff, Ivan Tadic, Sebastian Tauer, Jake Wilson, Hartwig Harder, Jos Lelieveld, Ulrich Pöschl, Euripides G. Stephanou, and Gerhard Lammel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8739–8766, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8739-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8739-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A unique dataset of concentrations and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their alkylated, oxygenated and nitrated derivatives, in total 74 individual species, in the marine atmosphere is presented. Exposure to these substances poses a major health risk. We found very low concentrations over the Arabian Sea, while both local and long-range-transported pollution caused elevated levels over the Mediterranean Sea and the Arabian Gulf.
Lucille Joanna Borlaza, Samuël Weber, Anouk Marsal, Gaëlle Uzu, Véronique Jacob, Jean-Luc Besombes, Mélodie Chatain, Sébastien Conil, and Jean-Luc Jaffrezo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8701–8723, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8701-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8701-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A 9-year dataset of the chemical and oxidative potential (OP) of PM10 was investigated at a rural background site. Extensive source apportionment led to identification of differences in source impacts between mass and OP, underlining the importance of PM redox activity when considering health effects. The influence of mixing and ageing processes was also tackled. Traffic contributions have decreased here over the years, attributed to regulations limiting vehicular emissions in bigger cities.
Baoshuang Liu, Yanyang Wang, He Meng, Qili Dai, Liuli Diao, Jianhui Wu, Laiyuan Shi, Jing Wang, Yufen Zhang, and Yinchang Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8597–8615, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8597-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8597-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding effectiveness of air pollution regulatory measures is critical for control policy. Machine learning and dispersion-normalized approaches were applied to decouple meteorologically deduced variations in Qingdao, China. Most pollutant concentrations decreased substantially after the Clean Air Action Plan. The largest emission reduction was from coal combustion and steel-related smelting. Qingdao is at risk of increased emissions from increased vehicular population and ozone pollution.
Feng Jiang, Junwei Song, Jonas Bauer, Linyu Gao, Magdalena Vallon, Reiner Gebhardt, Thomas Leisner, Stefan Norra, and Harald Saathoff
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-465, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-465, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the brown carbon aerosol during typical summer and winter periods in downtown Karlsruhe, in southwest Germany. The chromophore and chemical composition of brown carbon were determined by excitation-emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The chromophore types and sources were substantially different in winter and summer. Humic-like chromophores of different degrees of oxidation dominated and were associated with molecules of different molecular weight and nitrogen-content.
Lady Mateus-Fontecha, Angela Vargas-Burbano, Rodrigo Jimenez, Nestor Y. Rojas, German Rueda-Saa, Dominik van Pinxteren, Manuela van Pinxteren, Khanneh Wadinga Fomba, and Hartmut Herrmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8473–8495, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8473-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8473-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study reports the chemical composition of regionally representative PM2.5 in an area densely populated and substantially industrialized, located in the inter-Andean valley, with the highest sugarcane yield in the world and where sugarcane is burned and harvested year round. We found that sugarcane burning is not portrayed as a distinguishable sample composition component. Instead, the composition analysis revealed multiple associations among sugarcane burning components and other sources.
Qianjie Chen, Jessica Mirrielees, Sham Thanekar, Nicole Loeb, Rachel Kirpes, Lucia Upchurch, Anna Barget, Nurun Lata, Angela Raso, Stephen McNamara, Swarup China, Patricia Quinn, Andrew Ault, Aaron Kennedy, Paul Shepson, Jose Fuentes, and Kerri Pratt
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-442, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-442, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
During a spring field study in the coastal Arctic, ultrafine particles were enhanced during high wind speeds and coarse mode particles were reduced during blowing snow. Observed blowing snow was over-predicted by the commonly used parametrization. Sea spray aerosols produced by sea ice leads affected the composition of aerosols and snowpack. An improved understanding of aerosol emissions from leads and blowing snow is critical to predict the future climate of the rapidly warming Arctic.
Jie Tian, Qiyuan Wang, Huikun Liu, Yongyong Ma, Suixin Liu, Yong Zhang, Weikang Ran, Yongming Han, and Junji Cao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8369–8384, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8369-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8369-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated aerosol optical properties and the direct radiative effect (DRE) at an urban site in China before and during the COVID-19 lockdown. The total light extinction coefficient (bext) decreased under emission control measures; however, bext from biomass burning increased due to the undiminished need for residential cooking and heating. Biomass burning, rather than traffic-related emissions, became the largest positive effect contributor to aerosol DRE in the lockdown.
Irene Cheng, Leiming Zhang, Zhuanshi He, Hazel Cathcart, Daniel Houle, Amanda Cole, Jian Feng, Jason O'Brien, Anne Marie Macdonald, Julian Aherne, and Jeffrey Brook
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-400, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-400, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) deposition decreased significantly at 14 Canadian sites during 2000–2018. The greatest decline was observed in southeastern Canada owing to regional SO2 and NOx reductions. Wet deposition was more important than dry deposition, comprising 71–95 % of total N and 45–89 % of total S deposition. While critical loads (CL) were exceeded at a few sites in the early 2000s, acidic deposition has declined below CL after 2012, which signifies recovery from legacy acidification.
Shijie Cui, Dan Dan Huang, Yangzhou Wu, Junfeng Wang, Fuzhen Shen, Jiukun Xian, Yunjiang Zhang, Hongli Wang, Cheng Huang, Hong Liao, and Xinlei Ge
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8073–8096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8073-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8073-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Refractory black carbon (rBC) aerosols are important to air quality and climate change. rBC can mix with many other species, which can significantly change its properties and impacts. We used a specific set of techniques to exclusively characterize rBC-containing (rBCc) particles in Shanghai. We elucidated their composition, sources and size distributions and factors that affect their properties. Our findings are very valuable for advancing the understanding of BC and controlling BC pollution.
Youwei Hong, Xinbei Xu, Dan Liao, Taotao Liu, Xiaoting Ji, Ke Xu, Chunyang Liao, Ting Wang, Chunshui Lin, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7827–7841, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7827-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7827-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) simulation remains uncertain, due to the unknown SOA formation mechanisms. Aerosol samples with a 4 h time resolution were collected, along with online measurements of aerosol chemical compositions and meteorological parameters. We found that anthropogenic emissions, atmospheric oxidation capacity and halogen chemistry have significant effects on the formation of biogenic SOA (BSOA). The findings of this study are helpful to better explore the missed SOA sources.
Can Wu, Cong Cao, Jianjun Li, Shaojun Lv, Jin Li, Xiaodi Liu, Si Zhang, Shijie Liu, Fan Zhang, Jingjing Meng, and Gehui Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-342, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-342, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
Over the past decade, the relative abundance of NH4NO3 in the aerosol has been enhanced in most urban areas of China, which profoundly affects the PM2.5 pollution episodes. Our work finds that nitrate and ammonium of fine particles exhibited distinct-different physicochemical behaviors in aerosol aging process.
Varun Kumar, Stamatios Giannoukos, Sophie L. Haslett, Yandong Tong, Atinderpal Singh, Amelie Bertrand, Chuan Ping Lee, Dongyu S. Wang, Deepika Bhattu, Giulia Stefenelli, Jay S. Dave, Joseph V. Puthussery, Lu Qi, Pawan Vats, Pragati Rai, Roberto Casotto, Rangu Satish, Suneeti Mishra, Veronika Pospisilova, Claudia Mohr, David M. Bell, Dilip Ganguly, Vishal Verma, Neeraj Rastogi, Urs Baltensperger, Sachchida N. Tripathi, André S. H. Prévôt, and Jay G. Slowik
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7739–7761, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7739-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7739-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present source apportionment results from the first field deployment in Delhi of an extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF). The EESI-TOF is a recently developed instrument capable of providing uniquely detailed online chemical characterization of organic aerosol (OA), in particular the secondary OA (SOA) fraction. Here, we are able to apportion not only primary OA but also SOA to specific sources, which is performed for the first time in Delhi.
Jiaxing Sun, Yele Sun, Conghui Xie, Weiqi Xu, Chun Chen, Zhe Wang, Lei Li, Xubing Du, Fugui Huang, Yan Li, Zhijie Li, Xiaole Pan, Nan Ma, Wanyun Xu, Pingqing Fu, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7619–7630, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7619-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7619-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed the chemical composition and mixing state of BC-containing particles at urban and rural sites in winter in the North China Plain and evaluated their impact on light absorption enhancement. BC was dominantly mixed with organic carbon, nitrate, and sulfate, and the mixing state evolved significantly as a function of relative humidity (RH) at both sites. The absorption enhancement depended strongly on coated secondary inorganic aerosol and was up to ~1.3–1.4 during aging processes.
Joseph S. Schlosser, Connor Stahl, Armin Sorooshian, Yen Thi-Hoang Le, Ki-Joon Jeon, Peng Xian, Carolyn E. Jordan, Katherine R. Travis, James H. Crawford, Sung Yong Gong, Hye-Jung Shin, In-Ho Song, and Jong-sang Youn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7505–7522, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7505-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7505-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
During a major haze pollution episode in March 2019, anthropogenic emissions were dominant in the boundary layer over Incheon and Seoul, South Korea. Using supermicrometer and submicrometer size- and chemistry-resolved aerosol particle measurements taken during this haze pollution period, this work shows that local emissions and a shallow boundary layer, enhanced humidity, and low temperature promoted local heterogeneous formation of secondary inorganic and organic aerosol species.
Reza Bashiri Khuzestani, Keren Liao, Ying Liu, Ruqian Miao, Yan Zheng, Xi Cheng, Tianjiao Jia, Xin Li, Shiyi Chen, Guancong Huang, and Qi Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7389–7404, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7389-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7389-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work characterized the spatial variabilities of air pollutants in a megacity by advanced mobile measurements. The results show a large spatial heterogeneity in the distributions of PM2.5 composition and volatile organic compounds under non-haze conditions, and relatively uniform spatial distributions under haze conditions that may indicate a chemical homogeneity on an intracity scale. The findings improve our understanding of urban air pollution.
Stuart K. Grange, Gaëlle Uzu, Samuël Weber, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, and Christoph Hueglin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7029–7050, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7029-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7029-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Oxidative potential (OP), a biologically relevant metric for particulate matter (PM), was linked to PM10 and PM2.5 sources and constituents across Switzerland between 2018 and 2019. Wood burning and non-exhaust traffic emissions were identified as key processes that led to enhanced OP. Therefore, the make-up of the PM mix was very important for OP. The results highlight the importance of the management of wood burning and non-exhaust emissions to reduce OP, and presumably biological harm.
Jingcheng Hu, Zhongming Chen, Xuan Qin, and Ping Dong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6971–6987, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6971-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6971-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The gas–particle partitioning process of glyoxal and methylglyoxal could contribute to secondary organic aerosol formation. Here, we launched five observations in different seasons and simultaneously measured glyoxal and methylglyoxal in the gas and particle phases. Compared to reversible pathways, irreversible pathways played a dominant role with a proportion of more than 90 % in the ambient atmosphere, and the proportion was influenced by relative humidity and inorganic components in aerosols.
Hongxing Jiang, Jun Li, Jiao Tang, Min Cui, Shizhen Zhao, Yangzhi Mo, Chongguo Tian, Xiangyun Zhang, Bin Jiang, Yuhong Liao, Yingjun Chen, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6919–6935, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6919-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6919-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted field observation employing Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to characterize the molecular composition and major formation pathways or sources of organosulfur compounds in Guangzhou, where is heavily influenced by biogenic–anthropogenic interactions and has high relative humidity and temperature. We suggested that heterogeneous reactions such as SO2 uptake and heterogeneous oxidations are important to the molecular variations of organosulfur compounds.
Siyuan Li, Dantong Liu, Shaofei Kong, Yangzhou Wu, Kang Hu, Huang Zheng, Yi Cheng, Shurui Zheng, Xiaotong Jiang, Shuo Ding, Dawei Hu, Quan Liu, Ping Tian, Delong Zhao, and Jiujiang Sheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6937–6951, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6937-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6937-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The understanding of secondary organic aerosols is hindered by the aerosol–gas evolution by different oxidation mechanisms. By concurrently measuring detailed mass spectra of aerosol and gas phases in a megacity online, we identified the primary and secondary source sectors and investigated the transformation between gas and aerosol phases influenced by photooxidation and moisture. The results will help us to understand the respective evolution of major sources in a typical urban environment.
Lu Chen, Fang Zhang, Dongmei Zhang, Xinming Wang, Wei Song, Jieyao Liu, Jingye Ren, Sihui Jiang, Xue Li, and Zhanqing Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6773–6786, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6773-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6773-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol hygroscopicity is critical when evaluating its effect on visibility and climate. Here, the size-resolved particle hygroscopicity at five sites in China is characterized using field measurements. We show the distinct behavior of hygroscopic particles during pollution evolution among the five sites. Moreover, different hygroscopic behavior during NPF events were also observed. The dataset is helpful for understanding the spatial variability in particle composition and formation mechanisms.
Haley M. Royer, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ovid Krüger, Edmund Blades, Peter Sealy, Nurun Nahar Lata, Zezhen Cheng, Swarup China, Andrew P. Ault, Patricia K. Quinn, Paquita Zuidema, Christopher Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, and Cassandra Gaston
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-341, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-341, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents atmospheric particle chemical composition and measurements of aerosol water uptake properties collected at Ragged Point, Barbados during the winter of 2020. The result of this study indicates the importance of small African smoke particles on cloud droplet formation in the tropical North Atlantic and highlights the large spatial and temporal pervasiveness of smoke over the Atlantic Ocean.
Cited articles
Allen, H. M., Draper, D. C., Ayres, B. R., Ault, A., Bondy, A., Takahama, S., Modini, R. L., Baumann, K., Edgerton, E., Knote, C., Laskin, A.,
Wang, B., and Fry, J. L.: Influence of crustal dust and sea spray supermicron particle concentrations and acidity on inorganic
Anttila, T., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Mentel, T. F., and Tillmann, R.: Size
dependent partitioning of organic material: evidence for the formation of
organic coatings on aqueous aerosols, J. Atmos. Chem., 57, 215–237, 2007.
Artaxo, P. and Orsini, C.: PIXE and receptor models applied to remote
aerosol source apportionment in Brazil, Nucl. Instrum. Methods,
Sect. B, 22, 259–263, 1987.
Attwood, A. R., Washenfelder, R. A., Brock, C. A., Hu, W., Baumann, K.,
Campuzano-Jost, P., Day, D. A., Edgerton, E. S., Murphy, D. M., Palm, B. B.,
McComiskey, A., Wagner, N. L., de Sá, S. S., Ortega, A., Martin, S. T.,
Jimenez, J. L., and Brown, S. S.: Trends in sulfate and organic aerosol mass
in the Southeast U.S.: Impact on aerosol optical depth and radiative
forcing, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 7701–7709, 2014.
Ault, A. P. and Axson, J. L.: Atmospheric Aerosol Chemistry: Spectroscopic
and Microscopic Advances, Anal. Chem., 89, 430–452, 2017.
Ault, A. P., Moore, M. J., Furutani, H., and Prather, K. A.: Impact of
emissions from the Los Angeles port region on San Diego air quality,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 3500–3506, 2009.
Ault, A. P., Gaston, C. J., Wang, Y., Dominguez, G., Thiemens, M. H., and
Prather, K. A.: Characterization of the single particle mixing state of
individual ship plume events measured at the Port of Los Angeles, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 44, 1954–1961, 2010.
Ault, A. P., Peters, T. M., Sawvel, E. J., Casuccio, G. S., Willis, R. D.,
Norris, G. A., and Grassian, V. H.: Single-particle SEM-EDX analysis of
iron-containing coarse particulate matter in an urban environment: Sources
and distribution of iron within Cleveland, Ohio, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46,
4331–4339, 2012.
Ault, A. P., Moffet, R. C., Baltrusaitis, J., Collins, D. B., Ruppel, M. J.,
Cuadra-Rodriguez, L. A., Zhao, D., Guasco, T. L., Ebben, C. J., Geiger, F.
M., Bertram, T. H., Prather, K. A., and Grassian, V. H.: Size-dependent
changes in sea spray serosol composition and properties with different
seawater conditions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 5603–5612, 2013a.
Ault, A. P., Zhao, D., Ebben, C. J., Tauber, M. J., Geiger, F. M., Prather,
K. A., and Grassian, V. H.: Raman microspectroscopy and vibrational sum
frequency generation spectroscopy as probes of the bulk and surface
compositions of size-resolved sea spray aerosol particles, Phys. Chem. Chem.
Phys., 15, 6206–6214, 2013b.
Axson, J. L., May, N. W., Colon-Bernal, I. D., Pratt, K. A., and Ault, A.
P.: Lake Spray Aerosol: A Chemical Signature from Individual Ambient
Particles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 9835–9845, 2016a.
Axson, J. L., Shen, H. R., Bondy, A. L., Landry, C. C., Welz, J., Creamean,
J. M., and Ault, A. P.: Transported mineral dust deposition case study at a
hydrologically sensitive mountain site: Size and composition shifts in
ambient aerosol and snowpack, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 16, 555–567, 2016b.
Ayres, B. R., Allen, H. M., Draper, D. C., Brown, S. S., Wild, R. J., Jimenez, J. L., Day, D. A., Campuzano-Jost, P., Hu, W., de Gouw, J., Koss, A.,
Cohen, R. C., Duffey, K. C., Romer, P., Baumann, K., Edgerton, E., Takahama, S., Thornton, J. A., Lee, B. H., Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D., Mohr, C.,
Wennberg, P. O., Nguyen, T. B., Teng, A., Goldstein, A. H., Olson, K., and Fry, J. L.: Organic nitrate aerosol formation via NO3 + biogenic volatile
organic compounds in the southeastern United States, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 13377–13392, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13377-2015, 2015.
Bondy, A. L., Kirpes, R. M., Merzel, R. L., Pratt, K. A., Banaszak Holl, M.
M., and Ault, A. P.: Atomic Force Microscopy-Infrared Spectroscopy of
Individual Atmospheric Aerosol Particles: Subdiffraction Limit Vibrational
Spectroscopy and Morphological Analysis, Anal. Chem., 89, 8594–8598, 2017a.
Bondy, A. L., Wang, B., Laskin, A., Craig, R. L., Nhliziyo, M. V., Bertman,
S. B., Pratt, K. A., Shepson, P. B., and Ault, A. P.: Inland Sea Spray
Aerosol Transport and Incomplete Chloride Depletion: Varying Degrees of
Reactive Processing Observed during SOAS, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51,
9533–9542, 2017b.
Bondy, A. L., Craig, R. L., Zhang, Z., Gold, A., Surratt, J. D., and Ault,
A. P.: Isoprene-Derived Organosulfates: Vibrational Mode Analysis by Raman
Spectroscopy, Acidity-Dependent Spectral Modes, and Observation in
Individual Atmospheric Particles, J. Phys. Chem. A, 122, 303–315, 2018.
Boone, E. J., Laskin, A., Laskin, J., Wirth, C., Shepson, P. B., Stirm, B.
H., and Pratt, K. A.: Aqueous Processing of Atmospheric Organic Particles in
Cloud Water Collected via Aircraft Sampling, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49,
8523–8530, 2015.
Boyd, C. M., Sanchez, J., Xu, L., Eugene, A. J., Nah, T., Tuet, W. Y., Guzman, M. I., and Ng, N. L.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from the
β-pinene+NO3 system: effect of humidity and peroxy radical fate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7497–7522, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7497-2015, 2015.
Budisulistiorini, S. H., Li, X., Bairai, S. T., Renfro, J., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. J., McKinney, K. A., Martin, S. T., McNeill, V. F., Pye, H. O. T.,
Nenes, A., Neff, M. E., Stone, E. A., Mueller, S., Knote, C., Shaw, S. L., Zhang, Z., Gold, A., and Surratt, J. D.: Examining the effects of
anthropogenic emissions on isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol formation during the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) at
the Look Rock, Tennessee ground site, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8871–8888, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8871-2015, 2015a.
Buha, J., Mueller, N., Nowack, B., Ulrich, A., Losert, S., and Wang, J.:
Physical and chemical characterization of fly ashes from swiss waste
incineration plants and determination of the ash fraction in the nanometer
range, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 4765–4773, 2014.
Carlton, A. G., Pinder, R. W., Bhave, P. V., and Pouliot, G. A.: To what
extent can biogenic SOA be controlled?, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44,
3376–3380, 2010.
Carlton, A. G., Wiedinmyer, C., and Kroll, J. H.: A review of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) formation from isoprene,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4987–5005, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4987-2009, 2009.
Carlton, A. G., Gouw, J. D., Jimenez, J. L., Ambrose, J. L., Attwood, A. R.,
Brown, S., Baker, K. R., Brock, C., Cohen, R. C., Edgerton, S., Farkas, C.
M., Farmer, D., Goldstein, A. H., Gratz, L., Guenther, A., Hunt, S.,
Jaeglé, L., Jaffe, D. A., Mak, J., McClure, C., Nenes, A., Nguyen, T.
K., Pierce, J. R., Sa, S. D., Selin, N. E., Shah, V., Shaw, S., Shepson, P.
B., Song, S., Stutz, J., Surratt, J. D., Turpin, B. J., Warneke, C.,
Washenfelder, R. A., Wennberg, P. O., and Zhou, X.: Synthesis of the
Southeast Atmosphere Studies: Investigating Fundamental Atmospheric
Chemistry Questions, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 99,
547–567, 2018.
Cerully, K. M., Bougiatioti, A., Hite Jr., J. R., Guo, H., Xu, L., Ng, N. L., Weber, R., and Nenes, A.: On the link between hygroscopicity,
volatility, and oxidation state of ambient and water-soluble aerosols in the southeastern United States, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8679–8694,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8679-2015, 2015.
Chameides, W. L., Lindsay, R. W., Richardson, J., and Kiang, C. S.: The role
of biogenic hydrocarbons in urban photochemical smog: Atlanta as a case
study, Science, 241, 1473–1475, 1988.
Chang, R. Y.-W., Slowik, J. G., Shantz, N. C., Vlasenko, A., Liggio, J., Sjostedt, S. J., Leaitch, W. R., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: The
hygroscopicity parameter (κ) of ambient organic aerosol at a field site subject to biogenic and anthropogenic influences:
relationship to degree of aerosol oxidation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 5047–5064, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5047-2010, 2010.
Chen, H., Laskin, A., Baltrusaitis, J., Gorski, C. A., Scherer, M. M., and
Grassian, V. H.: Coal Fly Ash as a Source of Iron in Atmospheric Dust,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 2112–2120, 2012.
Chen, J., Li, C., Ristovski, Z., Milic, A., Gu, Y., Islam, M. S., Wang, S.,
Hao, J., Zhang, H., He, C., Guo, H., Fu, H., Miljevic, B., Morawska, L.,
Thai, P., Lam, Y. F., Pereira, G., Ding, A., Huang, X., and Dumka, U. C.: A
review of biomass burning: emissions and impacts on air quality, health and
climate in China, Sci. Total Environ., 579, 1000–1034, 2017.
Chi, J. W., Li, W. J., Zhang, D. Z., Zhang, J. C., Lin, Y. T., Shen, X. J., Sun, J. Y., Chen, J. M., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y. M., and
Wang, W. X.: Sea salt aerosols as a reactive surface for inorganic and organic acidic gases in the Arctic troposphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15,
11341–11353, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11341-2015, 2015.
Chung, S. H. and Seinfeld, J. H.: Climate response of direct radiative
forcing of anthropogenic black carbon, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D11102,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005441, 2005.
Cong, Z., Kang, S., Dong, S., Liu, X., and Qin, D.: Elemental and individual
particle analysis of atmospheric aerosols from high Himalayas, Environ.
Monit. Assess., 160, 323–335, 2010.
Conny, J. M. and Norris, G. A.: Scanning Electron Microanalysis and
Analytical Challenges of Mapping Elements in Urban Atmospheric Particles,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 7380–7386, 2011.
Coz, E., Gómez-Moreno, F. J., Pujadas, M., Casuccio, G. S., Lersch, T.
L., and Artíñano, B.: Individual particle characteristics of North
African dust under different long-range transport scenarios, Atmos.
Environ., 43, 1850–1863, 2009.
Craig, R. L. and Ault, A. P.: Aerosol Acidity: Direct Measurement from a
Spectroscopic Method, in: Multiphase Environmental Chemistry in the
Atmosphere, edited by: Hunt, S. W., Laskin, A., and Nizkorodov, S., ACS Books
Special Symposium Series, 2018.
Craig, R. L., Bondy, A. L., and Ault, A. P.: Computer-controlled Raman
microspectroscopy (CC-Raman): A method for the rapid characterization of
individual atmospheric aerosol particles, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 51,
1099–1112, 2017.
Creamean, J. M., Axson, J. L., Bondy, A. L., Craig, R. L., May, N. W., Shen,
H., Weber, M. H., Pratt, K. A., and Ault, A. P.: Changes in precipitating
snow chemistry with location and elevation in the California Sierra Nevada,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 7296–7309, 2016.
Deboudt, K., Gloter, A., Mussi, A., and Flament, P.: Red-ox speciation and
mixing state of iron in individual African dust particles, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 117, D12307, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD017298, 2012.
Dickau, M., Olfert, J., Stettler, M. E. J., Boies, A., Momenimovahed, A.,
Thomson, K., Smallwood, G., and Johnson, M.: Methodology for quantifying the
volatile mixing state of an aerosol, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 50, 759–772,
2016.
Ebben, C. J., Ault, A. P., Ruppel, M. J., Ryder, O. S., Bertram, T. H.,
Grassian, V. H., Prather, K. A., and Geiger, F. M.: Size-Resolved Sea Spray
Aerosol Particles Studied by Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation, J. Phys.
Chem. A, 117, 6589–6601, 2013.
Estillore, A. D., Trueblood, J. V., and Grassian, V. H.: Atmospheric
chemistry of bioaerosols: heterogeneous and multiphase reactions with
atmospheric oxidants and other trace gases, Chem. Sci., 7, 6604–6616,
2016.
Fang, T., Guo, H. Y., Zeng, L. H., Verma, V., Nenes, A., and Weber, R. J.:
Highly Acidic Ambient Particles, Soluble Metals, and Oxidative Potential: A
Link between Sulfate and Aerosol Toxicity, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51,
2611–2620, 2017.
Fitzgerald, E., Ault, A. P., Zauscher, M. D., Mayol-Bracero, O. L., and
Prather, K. A.: Comparison of the mixing state of long-range transported
Asian and African mineral dust, Atmos. Environ., 115, 19–25, 2015.
Fraund, M., Pham, D., Bonanno, D., Harder, T., Wang, B., Brito, J., de
Sá, S., Carbone, S., China, S., Artaxo, P., Martin, S., Pöhlker, C.,
Andreae, M., Laskin, A., Gilles, M., and Moffet, R.: Elemental mixing state
of aerosol particles collected in Central Amazonia during GoAmazon2014/15,
Atmosphere, 8, 173, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8090173, 2017.
Froyd, K. D., Murphy, S. M., Murphy, D. M., de Gouw, J. A., Eddingsaas, N.
C., Wennberg, P. O., and Thiemens, M. H.: Contribution of isoprene-derived
organosulfates to free tropospheric aerosol mass, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 21360–21365, 2010.
Fu, H., Zhang, M., Li, W., Chen, J., Wang, L., Quan, X., and Wang, W.: Morphology, composition and mixing state of individual carbonaceous aerosol
in urban Shanghai, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 693–707, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-693-2012, 2012.
Gantt, B. and Meskhidze, N.: The physical and chemical characteristics of marine primary organic aerosol: a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
13, 3979–3996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3979-2013, 2013.
Ghorai, S., Wang, B., Tivanski, A., and Laskin, A.: Hygroscopic properties
of internally mixed particles composed of NaCl and water-soluble organic
acids, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 2234–2241, 2014.
Giordano, M., Espinoza, C., and Asa-Awuku, A.: Experimentally measured morphology of biomass burning aerosol and its impacts on CCN
ability, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1807–1821, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1807-2015, 2015.
Giorio, C., Tapparo, A., Dall'Osto, M., Beddows, D. C. S., Esser-Gietl, J.
K., Healy, R. M., and Harrison, R. M.: Local and regional components of
aerosol in a heavily trafficked street canyon in central London derived from
PMF and cluster analysis of single-particle ATOFMS spectra, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 49, 3330–3340, 2015.
Goldstein, A. H., Koven, C. D., Heald, C. L., and Fung, I. Y.: Biogenic
carbon and anthropogenic pollutants combine to form a cooling haze over the
southeastern United States, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 8835–8840,
2009.
Guo, H., Xu, L., Bougiatioti, A., Cerully, K. M., Capps, S. L., Hite Jr., J. R., Carlton, A. G., Lee, S.-H., Bergin, M. H., Ng, N. L.,
Nenes, A., and Weber, R. J.: Fine-particle water and pH in the southeastern
United States, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5211–5228, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5211-2015, 2015.
Guo, H., Nenes, A., and Weber, R. J.: The underappreciated role of nonvolatile cations on aerosol ammonium-sulfate molar ratios, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2017-737, in review, 2017.
Hashemi, S. S., Baghernejad, M., and Khademi, H.: Micromorphology of gypsum
crystals in southern Iranian soils under different moisture regimes, J.
Agric. Sci. Technol., 13, 273–288, 2011.
Hatch, L. E., Creamean, J. M., Ault, A. P., Surratt, J. D., Chan, M. N.,
Seinfeld, J. H., Edgerton, E. S., Su, Y., and Prather, K. A.: Measurements
of Isoprene-Derived Organosulfates in Ambient Aerosols by Aerosol
Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry – Part 1: Single Particle Atmospheric
Observations in Atlanta, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 5105–5111, 2011.
Healy, R. M., Evans, G. J., Murphy, M., Juranyi, Z., Tritscher, T., Laborde,
M., Weingartner, E., Gysel, M., Poulain, L., Kamilli, K. A., Wiedensohler,
A., O'Connor, I. P., McGillicuddy, E., Sodeau, J. R., and Wenger, J. C.:
Predicting hygroscopic growth using single particle chemical composition
estimates, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 9567–9577, 2014a.
Healy, R. M., Riemer, N., Wenger, J. C., Murphy, M., West, M., Poulain, L., Wiedensohler, A., O'Connor, I. P.,
McGillicuddy, E., Sodeau, J. R., and Evans, G. J.: Single particle diversity and mixing state
measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 6289–6299, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6289-2014, 2014b.
Healy, R. M., Wang, J. M., Jeong, C. H., Lee, A. K. Y., Willis, M. D.,
Jaroudi, E., Zimmerman, N., Hilker, N., Murphy, M., Eckhardt, S., Stohl, A.,
Abbatt, J. P. D., Wenger, J. C., and Evans, G. J.: Light-absorbing
properties of ambient black carbon and brown carbon from fossil fuel and
biomass burning sources, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 6619–6633, 2015.
Hidy, G. M., Blanchard, C. L., Baumann, K., Edgerton, E., Tanenbaum, S., Shaw, S., Knipping, E., Tombach, I., Jansen, J., and Walters, J.:
Chemical climatology of the southeastern United States, 1999–2013, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 11893–11914, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11893-2014, 2014.
Hinds, W. C.: Aerosol Technology Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of
Airborne Particles, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1999.
Hiranuma, N., Brooks, S. D., Moffet, R. C., Glen, A., Laskin, A., Gilles, M.
K., Liu, P., Macdonald, A. M., Strapp, J. W., and McFarquhar, G. M.:
Chemical characterization of individual particles and residuals of cloud
droplets and ice crystals collected on board research aircraft in the ISDAC
2008 study, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 6564–6579, 2013.
Hodas, N., Sullivan, A. P., Skog, K., Keutsch, F. N., Collett, J. L.,
Decesari, S., Facchini, M. C., Carlton, A. G., Laaksonen, A., and Turpin, B.
J.: Aerosol liquid water driven by anthropogenic nitrate: implications for
lifetimes of water-soluble organic gases and potential for secondary organic
aerosol formation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 11127–11136, 2014.
Hopkins, R. J., Desyaterik, Y., Tivanski, A. V., Zaveri, R. A., Berkowitz, C.
M., Tyliszczak, T., Gilles, M. K., and Laskin, A.: Chemical speciation of
sulfur in marine cloud droplets and particles: Analysis of individual
particles from the marine boundary layer over the California current, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D04209, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008954, 2008.
Hu, W. W., Campuzano-Jost, P., Palm, B. B., Day, D. A., Ortega, A. M., Hayes, P. L., Krechmer, J. E., Chen, Q., Kuwata, M., Liu, Y. J., de Sá, S. S.,
McKinney, K., Martin, S. T., Hu, M., Budisulistiorini, S. H., Riva, M., Surratt, J. D., St. Clair, J. M., Isaacman-Van Wertz, G., Yee, L. D.,
Goldstein, A. H., Carbone, S., Brito, J., Artaxo, P., de Gouw, J. A., Koss, A., Wisthaler, A., Mikoviny, T., Karl, T., Kaser, L., Jud, W.,
Hansel, A., Docherty, K. S., Alexander, M. L., Robinson, N. H., Coe, H., Allan, J. D., Canagaratna, M. R., Paulot, F., and Jimenez, J. L.:
Characterization of a real-time tracer for isoprene epoxydiols-derived secondary organic aerosol (IEPOX-SOA) from aerosol mass spectrometer
measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11807–11833, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11807-2015, 2015.
Huffman, J. A., Sinha, B., Garland, R. M., Snee-Pollmann, A., Gunthe, S. S., Artaxo, P., Martin, S. T., Andreae, M. O., and Pöschl, U.: Size
distributions and temporal variations of biological aerosol particles in the Amazon rainforest characterized by microscopy and real-time
UV-APS fluorescence techniques during AMAZE-08, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 11997–12019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11997-2012, 2012.
Jacobson, M. Z. Z.: Strong radiative heating due to the mixing state of
black carbon in atmospheric aerosols, Nature, 409, 695–697, 2001.
Kandler, K., Lieke, K., Benker, N., Emmel, C., Küpper, M.,
Müller-Ebert, D., Ebert, M., Scheuvens, D., Schladitz, A., Schütz,
L., and Weinbruch, S.: Electron microscopy of particles collected at Praia,
Cape Verde, during the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment: particle chemistry,
shape, mixing state and complex refractive index, Tellus B, 63, 475–496,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00550.x, 2011.
Kilcoyne, A. L. D., Tyliszczak, T., Steele, W. F., Fakra, S., Hitchcock, P.,
Franck, K., Anderson, E., Harteneck, B., Rightor, E. G., Mitchell, G. E.,
Hitchcock, A. P., Yang, L., Warwick, T., and Ade, H.:
Interferometer-controlled scanning transmission X-ray microscopes at the
Advanced Light Source, J. Synchrotron Radiat., 10, 125–136, 2003.
Kim, J.-S. and Park, K.: Atmospheric aging of Asian dust particles during
long range transport, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 46, 913–924, 2012.
Kirpes, R. M., Bondy, A. L., Bonanno, D., Moffet, R. C., Wang, B., Laskin, A., Ault, A. P., and Pratt, K. A.: Secondary sulfate is internally mixed
with sea spray aerosol and organic aerosol in the winter Arctic, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3937–3949, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3937-2018, 2018.
Kunkel, D., Lawrence, M. G., Tost, H., Kerkweg, A., Jockel, P., and Borrmann,
S.: Urban emission hot spots as sources for remote aerosol deposition,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L01808, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049634, 2012.
Laskin, A., Iedema, M. J., and Cowin, J. P.: Quantitative time-resolved
monitoring of nitrate formation in sea salt particles using a CCSEM/EDX
single particle analysis, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 4948–4955, 2002.
Laskin, A., Iedema, M. J., Ichkovich, A., Graber, E. R., Taraniuk, I., and
Rudich, Y.: Direct observation of completely processed calcium carbonate
dust particles, Faraday Discuss., 130, 453–468, 2005.
Laskin, A., Cowin, J. P., and Iedema, M. J.: Analysis of individual
environmental particles using modern methods of electron microscopy and
X-ray microanalysis, J. Electron Spectrosc., 150, 260–274,
2006.
Laskin, A., Moffet, R. C., Gilles, M. K., Fast, J. D., Zaveri, R. A., Wang,
B., Nigge, P., and Shutthanandan, J.: Tropospheric chemistry of internally
mixed sea salt and organic particles: Surprising reactivity of NaCl with weak
organic acids, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D15302,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017743, 2012.
Lee, S., Wang, Y. H., and Russell, A. G.: Assessment of secondary organic
carbon in the southeastern United States: A review, J. Air
Waste Manage. Assoc., 60, 1282–1292, 2010.
Li, C., Hu, Y., Chen, J., Ma, Z., Ye, X., Yang, X., Wang, L., Wang, X., and
Mellouki, A.: Physiochemical properties of carbonaceous aerosol from
agricultural residue burning: Density, volatility, and hygroscopicity,
Atmos. Environ., 140, 94–105, 2016.
Li, J., Posfai, M., Hobbs, P. V., and Buseck, P. R.: Individual aerosol
particles from biomass burning in southern Africa: 2, Compositions and aging
of inorganic particles, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 8484,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002310, 2003.
Li, W., Shao, L., Zhang, D., Ro, C.-U., Hu, M., Bi, X., Geng, H., Matsuki,
A., Niu, H., and Chen, J.: A review of single aerosol particle studies in
the atmosphere of East Asia: Morphology, mixing state, source, and
heterogeneous reactions, J. Clean. Prod., 112, 1330–1349, 2016.
Li, W., Xu, L., Liu, X., Zhang, J., Lin, Y., Yao, X., Gao, H., Zhang, D.,
Chen, J., Wang, W., Harrison, R. M., Zhang, X., Shao, L., Fu, P., Nenes, A.,
and Shi, Z.: Air pollution–aerosol interactions produce more bioavailable
iron for ocean ecosystems, Sci. Adv., 3, e1601749,
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601749, 2017.
Lu, J. W., Flores, J. M., Lavi, A., Abo-Riziq, A., and Rudich, Y.: Changes
in the optical properties of benzo[a]pyrene-coated aerosols upon
heterogeneous reactions with NO2 and NO3, PCCP, 13, 6484–6492,
2011.
Manninen, H. E., Back, J., Sihto-Nissila, S. L., Huffman, J. A., Pessi, A.
M., Hiltunen, V., Aalto, P. P., Hidalgo, P. J., Hari, P., Saarto, A.,
Kulmala, M., and Petaja, T.: Patterns in airborne pollen and other primary
biological aerosol particles (PBAP), and their contribution to aerosol mass
and number in a boreal forest, Boreal Environ. Res., 19, 383–405,
2014.
Marple, V. A., Rubow, K. L., and Behm, S. M.: A microorifice uniform deposit
impactor (MOUDI)-description, calibration and use, Aerosol Sci. Technol.,
14, 434–446, 1991.
May, N. W., Axson, J. L., Watson, A., Pratt, K. A., and Ault, A. P.: Lake spray aerosol generation: a method for producing
representative particles from freshwater wave breaking, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 4311–4325, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4311-2016, 2016.
May, N. W., Gunsch, M. J., Olson, N. E., Bondy, A. L., Kirpes, R. M.,
Bertman, S. B., China, S., Laskin, A., Hopke, P. K., Ault, A. P., and Pratt,
K. A.: Unexpected Contributions of Sea Spray and Lake Spray Aerosol to
Inland Particulate Matter, Environ. Sci. Tech. Let., 5, 405–412, 2018a.
May, N. W., Olson, N. E., Panas, M., Axson, J. L., Tirella, P. S., Kirpes,
R. M., Craig, R. L., Gunsch, M. J., China, S., Laskin, A., Ault, A. P., and
Pratt, K. A.: Aerosol Emissions from Great Lakes Harmful Algal Blooms,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 397–405, 2018b.
Metternich, P., Georgii, H. W., and Groeneveld, K. O.: Application of
particle induced X-ray emission to aerosol long-range transport
studies – transport pathways of pollution aerosol over the Atlantic ocean
and Europe, Atmos. Res., 20, 3–9, 1986.
Moffet, R. C., Prather, K. A., and Thiemens, M. H.: In-situ measurements of
the mixing state and optical properties of soot with implications for
radiative forcing estimates, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106,
11872–11877, 2009.
Moffet, R. C., Henn, T., Laskin, A., and Gilles, M. K.: Automated chemical
analysis of internally mixed aerosol particles using X-ray spectromicroscopy
at the carbon K-edge, Anal. Chem., 82, 7906–7914, 2010a.
Moffet, R. C., Henn, T. R., Tivanski, A. V., Hopkins, R. J., Desyaterik, Y., Kilcoyne, A. L. D., Tyliszczak, T., Fast, J.,
Barnard, J., Shutthanandan, V., Cliff, S. S., Perry, K. D., Laskin, A., and Gilles, M. K.: Microscopic characterization of carbonaceous
aerosol particle aging in the outflow
from Mexico City, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 961–976, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-961-2010, 2010b.
Moffet, R. C., Rödel, T. C., Kelly, S. T., Yu, X. Y., Carroll, G. T., Fast, J., Zaveri, R. A., Laskin, A., and Gilles, M. K.:
Spectro-microscopic measurements of carbonaceous aerosol aging in Central California, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10445–10459,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10445-2013, 2013.
Moffet, R. C., O'Brien, R. E., Alpert, P. A., Kelly, S. T., Pham, D. Q., Gilles, M. K., Knopf, D. A., and Laskin, A.: Morphology
and mixing of black carbon particles collected in central California during the CARES field study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16,
14515–14525, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14515-2016, 2016.
Moise, T., Flores, J. M., and Rudich, Y.: Optical Properties of Secondary
Organic Aerosols and Their Changes by Chemical Processes, Chem. Rev., 115,
4400–4439, 2015.
Nakao, S., Tang, P., Tang, X., Clark, C. H., Qi, L., Seo, E., Asa-Awuku, A.,
and Cocker Iii, D.: Density and elemental ratios of secondary organic
aerosol: Application of a density prediction method, Atmos. Environ., 68,
273–277, 2013.
Nguyen, T. K. V., Petters, M. D., Suda, S. R., Guo, H., Weber, R. J., and Carlton, A. G.: Trends in particle-phase liquid water
during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 10911–10930, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10911-2014, 2014.
Nguyen, T. K. V., Capps, S. L., and Carlton, A. G.: Decreasing aerosol water
is consistent with OC trends in the southeast U.S, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
49, 7843–7850, 2015.
O'Brien, R. E., Wang, B. B., Laskin, A., Riemer, N., West, M., Zhang, Q.,
Sun, Y. L., Yu, X. Y., Alpert, P., Knopf, D. A., Gilles, M. K., and Moffet,
R. C.: Chemical imaging of ambient aerosol particles: Observational
constraints on mixing state parameterization, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120,
9591–9605, 2015.
Perlwitz, J. P., Pérez García-Pando, C., and Miller, R. L.: Predicting the mineral composition of dust aerosols – Part 1: Representing
key processes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11593–11627, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11593-2015, 2015.
Pilson, M. E. Q.: An introduction to the chemistry of the sea, Prentice
Hall, 1998.
Portmann, R. W., Solomon, S., Hegerl, G. C., and Held, I. M.: Spatial and
seasonal patterns in climate change, temperatures, and precipitation across
the United States, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 7324–7329, 2009.
Posfai, M. and Buseck, P. R.: Nature and climate dffects of individual
tropospheric aerosol particles, in: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary
Sciences, Vol. 38, edited by: Jeanloz, R. and Freeman, K. H., Annual Review of
Earth and Planetary Sciences, 2010.
Posfai, M., Simonics, R., Li, J., Hobbs, P. V., and Buseck, P. R.: Individual
aerosol particles from biomass burning in southern Africa: 1. Compositions
and size distributions of carbonaceous particles, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
108, 8483, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002291, 2003.
Prather, K. A., Bertram, T. H., Grassian, V. H., Deane, G. B., Stokes, M.
D., DeMott, P. J., Aluwihare, L. I., Palenik, B. P., Azam, F., Seinfeld, J.
H., Moffet, R. C., Molina, M. J., Cappa, C. D., Geiger, F. M., Roberts, G.
C., Russell, L. M., Ault, A. P., Baltrusaitis, J., Collins, D. B., Corrigan,
C. E., Cuadra-Rodriguez, L. A., Ebben, C. J., Forestieri, S. D., Guasco, T.
L., Hersey, S. P., Kim, M. J., Lambert, W. F., Modini, R. L., Mui, W.,
Pedler, B. E., Ruppel, M. J., Ryder, O. S., Schoepp, N. G., Sullivan, R. C.,
and Zhao, D.: Bringing the ocean into the laboratory to probe the chemical
complexity of sea spray aerosol, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110,
7550–7555, 2013.
Pratt, K. A. and Prather, K. A.: Aircraft measurements of vertical profiles
of aerosol mixing states, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D11305,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013150, 2010.
Pye, H. O. T., Luecken, D. J., Xu, L., Boyd, C. M., Ng, N. L., Baker, K. R.,
Ayres, B. R., Bash, J. O., Baumann, K., Carter, W. P. L., Edgerton, E., Fry,
J. L., Hutzell, W. T., Schwede, D. B., and Shepson, P. B.: Modeling the
current and future roles of particulate organic nitrates in the southeastern
United States, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 14195–14203, 2015.
Ramanathan, V. and Carmichael, G.: Global and regional climate changes due
to black carbon, Nat. Geosci., 1, 221–227, 2008.
Rattanavaraha, W., Chu, K., Budisulistiorini, S. H., Riva, M., Lin, Y.-H., Edgerton, E. S., Baumann, K., Shaw, S. L., Guo, H., King, L., Weber, R. J.,
Neff, M. E., Stone, E. A., Offenberg, J. H., Zhang, Z., Gold, A., and Surratt, J. D.: Assessing the impact of anthropogenic pollution on
isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol formation in PM2.5 collected from the Birmingham, Alabama, ground site during the 2013
Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4897–4914, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4897-2016, 2016.
Riemer, N. and West, M.: Quantifying aerosol mixing state with entropy and diversity measures,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 11423–11439, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-11423-2013,
2013.
Riva, M., Budisulistiorini, S. H., Zhang, Z., Gold, A., and Surratt, J. D.:
Chemical characterization of secondary organic aerosol constituents from
isoprene ozonolysis in the presence of acidic aerosol, Atmos. Environ., 130,
5–13, 2016.
Robinson, C. B., Schill, G. P., Zarzana, K. J., and Tolbert, M. A.: Impact
of organic coating on optical growth of ammonium sulfate particles, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 47, 13339–13346, 2013.
Saxena, V. K. and Yu, S. C.: Searching for a regional fingerprint of aerosol
radiative forcing in the southeastern US, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25,
2833–2836, 1998.
Schutgens, N. A. J. and Stier, P.: A pathway analysis of global aerosol processes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14,
11657–11686, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11657-2014, 2014.
Sedlacek III, A. J., Lewis, E. R., Kleinman, L., Xu, J., and Zhang, Q.:
Determination of and evidence for non-core-shell structure of particles
containing black carbon using the Single-Particle Soot Photometer (SP2),
Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L06802, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL050905, 2012.
Shen, H., Peters, T. M., Casuccio, G. S., Lersch, T. L., West, R. R., Kumar,
A., Kumar, N., and Ault, A. P.: Elevated Concentrations of Lead in
Particulate Matter on the Neighborhood-Scale in Delhi, India As Determined
by Single Particle Analysis, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 4961–4970, 2016.
Sobanska, S., Coeur, C., Maenhaut, W., and Adams, F.: SEM-EDX
characterisation of tropospheric aerosols in the Negev desert (Israel), J.
Atmos. Chem., 44, 299–322, 2003.
Sobanska, S., Hwang, H., Choel, M., Jung, H.-J., Eom, H.-J., Kim, H.,
Barbillat, J., and Ro, C.-U.: Investigation of the chemical mixing state of
individual Asian dust particles by the combined use of electron probe X-ray
microanalysis and Raman microspectrometry, Anal. Chem., 84, 3145–3154, 2012.
Song, C. H., Kim, C. M., Lee, Y. J., Carmichael, G. R., Lee, B. K., and Lee,
D. S.: An evaluation of reaction probabilities of sulfate and nitrate
precursors onto East Asian dust particles, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112,
D18206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD008092, 2007.
Sullivan, R. C., Guazzotti, S. A., Sodeman, D. A., and Prather, K. A.: Direct observations of the atmospheric processing of
Asian mineral dust, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1213–1236, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1213-2007, 2007.
Sullivan, R. C., Moore, M. J. K., Petters, M. D., Kreidenweis, S. M., Roberts, G. C., and Prather, K. A.: Effect of chemical mixing
state on the hygroscopicity and cloud nucleation properties of calcium mineral dust particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3303–3316, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-3303-2009, 2009.
Tang, M. J., Cziczo, D. J., and Grassian, V. H.: Interactions of Water with
Mineral Dust Aerosol: Water Adsorption, Hygroscopicity, Cloud Condensation,
and Ice Nucleation, Chem. Rev., 116, 4205–4259, 2016.
Violaki, K. and Mihalopoulos, N.: Water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) in
size-segregated atmospheric particles over the Eastern Mediterranean, Atmos.
Environ., 44, 4339–4345, 2010.
Wagner, F., Bortoli, D., Pereira, S., Costa, M. J., Silva, A. M., Weinzierl,
B., Esselborn, M., Petzold, A., Rasp, K., Heinold, B., and Tegen, I. N. A.:
Properties of dust aerosol particles transported to Portugal from the Sahara
desert, Tellus B, 61, 297–306, 2009.
Washenfelder, R. A., Attwood, A. R., Brock, C. A., Guo, H., Xu, L., Weber, R.
J., Ng, N. L., Allen, H. M., Ayres, B. R., Baumann, K., Cohen, R. C., Draper,
D. C., Duffey, K. C., Edgerton, E., Fry, J. L., Hu, W. W., Jimenez, J. L.,
Palm, B. B., Romer, P., Stone, E. A., Wooldridge, P. J., and Brown, S. S.:
Biomass burning dominates brown carbon absorption in the rural southeastern
United States, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 2014GL062444,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062444, 2015.
Weber, R. J., Sullivan, A. P., Peltier, R. E., Russell, A., Yan, B., Zheng,
M., de Gouw, J., Warneke, C., Brock, C., Holloway, J. S., Atlas, E. L., and
Edgerton, E.: A study of secondary organic aerosol formation in the
anthropogenic-influenced southeastern United States, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
112, D13302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008408, 2007.
Weingartner, E., Burtscher, H., and Baltensperger, U.: Hygroscopic
properties of carbon and diesel soot particles, Atmos. Environ., 31,
2311–2327, 1997.
Xiong, F., McAvey, K. M., Pratt, K. A., Groff, C. J., Hostetler, M. A., Lipton, M. A., Starn, T. K., Seeley, J. V., Bertman, S. B., Teng, A. P.,
Crounse, J. D., Nguyen, T. B., Wennberg, P. O., Misztal, P. K., Goldstein, A. H., Guenther, A. B., Koss, A. R., Olson, K. F., de Gouw, J. A.,
Baumann, K., Edgerton, E. S., Feiner, P. A., Zhang, L., Miller, D. O., Brune, W. H., and Shepson, P. B.: Observation of isoprene hydroxynitrates
in the southeastern United States and implications for the fate of NOx, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11257–11272, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11257-2015, 2015.
Xu, J. Z., Zhang, Q., Wang, Z. B., Yu, G. M., Ge, X. L., and Qin, X.: Chemical composition and size distribution of summertime PM2.5
at a high altitude remote location in the northeast of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau: insights into aerosol sources and processing
in free troposphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5069–5081, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5069-2015, 2015.
Xu, L., Guo, H., Boyd, C. M., Klein, M., Bougiatioti, A., Cerully, K. M.,
Hite, J. R., Isaacman-VanWertz, G., Kreisberg, N. M., Knote, C., Olson, K.,
Koss, A., Goldstein, A. H., Hering, S. V., de Gouw, J., Baumann, K., Lee,
S.-H., Nenes, A., Weber, R. J., and Ng, N. L.: Effects of anthropogenic
emissions on aerosol formation from isoprene and monoterpenes in the
southeastern United States, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, 37–42,
2015a.
Xu, L., Suresh, S., Guo, H., Weber, R. J., and Ng, N. L.: Aerosol characterization over the southeastern United States using high-resolution
aerosol mass spectrometry: spatial and seasonal variation of aerosol composition and sources with a focus on organic nitrates,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7307–7336, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7307-2015, 2015b.
Xu, L., Guo, H., Weber, R. J., and Ng, N. L.: Chemical characterization of
water-soluble organic aerosol in contrasting rural and urban environments in
the southeastern United States, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 78–88, 2017.
Zaveri, R. A., Barnard, J. C., Easter, R. C., Riemer, N., and West, M.:
Particle-resolved simulation of aerosol size, composition, mixing state, and
the associated optical and cloud condensation nuclei activation properties in
an evolving urban plume, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D17210,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013616, 2010.
Zhang, H., Yee, L. D., Lee, B. H., Curtis, M. P., Worton, D. R.,
Isaacman-VanWertz, G., Offenberg, J. H., Lewandowski, M., Kleindienst, T.
E., and Beaver, M. R.: Monoterpenes are the largest source of summertime
organic aerosol in the southeastern United States, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 115, 2038–2043, 2018.
Zhang, R., Khalizov, A. F., Pagels, J., Zhang, D., Xue, H., and McMurry, P.
H.: Variability in morphology, hygroscopicity, and optical properties of
soot aerosols during atmospheric processing, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105, 10291–10296, 2008.
Zhang, Y., Chen, Y., Lambe, A. T., Olson, N. E., Lei, Z., Craig, R. L.,
Zhang, Z., Gold, A., Onasch, T. B., Jayne, J. T., Worsnop, D. R., Gaston, C.
J., Thornton, J. A., Vizuete, W., Ault, A. P., and Surratt, J. D.: Effect of
Aerosol-Phase State on Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from the Reactive
Uptake of Isoprene-Derived Epoxydiols (IEPOX), Environ. Sci. Tech. Let., 5,
167–174, 2018.
Short summary
To determine important sources of aerosols during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS), as well as their mixing with secondary species, individual particles were analyzed with electron and X-ray microscopy to determine size and chemical composition. Secondary organic aerosol, sea spray aerosol, and mineral dust each dominated during different periods. Particles were less similar chemically to each other than is commonly assumed, which is important for air quality and climate models.
To determine important sources of aerosols during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS),...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint