Articles | Volume 25, issue 15
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8959-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8959-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
The spatiotemporal evolution of atmospheric boundary layers over a thermally heterogeneous landscape
Meteorology and Air Quality, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
Invited contribution by Mary Rose Mangan, recipient of the EGU Atmospheric Sciences Outstanding Student and PhD candidate Presentation Award 2022.
Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano
Meteorology and Air Quality, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
Bart J. H. van Stratum
Meteorology and Air Quality, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
Marie Lothon
Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 14 avenue Edouard Belin 31400, Toulouse, France
Guylaine Canut-Rocafort
Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM)/Météo-France, 42 ave. G. Coriolis, 31057, Toulouse, France
Oscar K. Hartogensis
Meteorology and Air Quality, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
Related authors
Kyaw Tha Paw U, Mary Rose Mangan, Jilmarie Stephens, Kosana Suvočarev, Jenae' Clay, Olmo Guerrero Medina, Emma Ware, Amanda Kerr-Munslow, James McGregor, John Kochendorfer, Megan McAuliffe, and Megan Metz
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 1485–1497, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1485-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1485-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Sonic anemometers measure wind velocity in three dimensions. They are used worldwide to help assess the trace gas exchange, critical to understanding climate change. However, their physical framework interferes with the flow they measure. We present a new way of correcting measurements from sonic anemometers of several types. The method uses measurements of vertical wind velocity and other turbulent velocities, compares their ratios, and from this yields correction factors for sonic anemometers.
Raquel González-Armas, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Mary Rose Mangan, Oscar Hartogensis, and Hugo de Boer
Biogeosciences, 21, 2425–2445, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2425-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2425-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates the water and CO2 exchange for an alfalfa field with observations and a model with spatial scales ranging from the stomata to the atmospheric boundary layer. To relate the environmental factors to the leaf gas exchange, we developed three equations that quantify how many of the temporal changes of the leaf gas exchange occur due to changes in the environmental variables. The novelty of the research resides in the capacity to dissect the dynamics of the leaf gas exchange.
Francisca Aguirre-Correa, Oscar Hartogensis, Pedro Bonacic-Vera, and Francisco Suárez
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2984, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2984, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS).
Short summary
Short summary
We studied an arid, endorheic basin in the Chilean Altiplano to understand how rainfall and evaporation affect groundwater and water availability. Using a rainfall-runoff model and 40 years of satellite data, we found that much of the water evaporates and less reaches the aquifers than expected. Our results challenge the idea that the basin is fully closed and suggest that current water budget estimates may need revision, an urgent task under a changing climate.
Hong Zhao, Han Dolman, Jan Elbers, Wilma Jans, Bart Kruijt, Eddy Moors, Henk Snellen, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano, Wouter Peters, Maarten Krol, Ronald Hutjes, and Michiel van der Molen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-372, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-372, 2025
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Under the Kyoto Protocol the carbon dioxide (CO2) balance for forest ecosystems was required to be measured. Consequently, CO2 flux measurements have been conducted in Loobos site in the Netherlands since 1996, becoming one of the 17 first FLUXNET sites globally. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the instrumentation, data processing and the resulting data archive, enabling its further use in data analysis, model development and validation of satellite data retrievals.
Dieu Anh Tran, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Christoph Gerbig, Michał Gałkowski, Santiago Botía, Kim Faassen, and Sönke Zaehle
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2351, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2351, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Analysis of CH4 data (2010–2021) from ZOTTO in Central Siberia shows an increase in the summer diurnal amplitude, driven by nighttime emissions. These trends correlate with rising soil temperature and moisture, especially in late summer. Peaks in 2012, 2016, and 2019 emission link to wildfires and wetland activity. Findings suggest wetlands as key CH4 sources and underscore the need for ongoing high-resolution monitoring in this region.
Arseniy Karagodin-Doyennel, Fredrik Jansson, Bart J. H. van Stratum, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, and Sander Houweling
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 4571–4599, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4571-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4571-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce a new simulation platform based on the Dutch Atmospheric Large-Eddy Simulation (DALES) to simulate carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their dispersion in turbulent environments at a hectometer resolution. This model incorporates both anthropogenic emission inventories and online ecosystem fluxes. Simulation results for the main urban area in the Netherlands demonstrate the strong potential of DALES to improve CO2 emission modeling and to support mitigation strategies.
Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Roderick Dewar, Kim A. P. Faassen, Teemu Hölttä, Remco de Kok, Ingrid T. Luijkx, and Timo Vesala
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2705, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2705, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores how oxygen moves through tiny pores in leaves, especially when water vapor is also flowing out. We show that under common conditions, oxygen can move from the leaf to the air even when its concentration is higher outside – a surprising effect. Our findings help explain oxygen exchange in still air and support better models of plant–atmosphere interactions.
Sandrine Bony, Basile Poujol, Brett McKim, Nicolas Rochetin, Marie Lothon, Julia Windmiller, Nicolas Maury, Clarisse Dufaux, Louis Jaffeux, Patrick Chazette, and Julien Delanoë
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2839, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2839, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Space photographs of the Earth show that clouds form diverse, common but poorly understood cloud patterns. The analysis of observations gathered from research aircraft over the tropical ocean shows that the merging of thermals and clouds in the first kilometer of the atmosphere plays a key role in controlling the size, depth and spacing of clouds. This reveals a fundamental process through which clouds interact with each other and with their environment.
Marc Castellnou Ribau, Mercedes Bachfischer, Marta Miralles Bover, Borja Ruiz, Laia Estivill, Jordi Pages, Pau Guarque, Brian Verhoeven, Zisoula Ntasiou, Ove Stokkeland, Chiel Van Herwaeeden, Tristan Roelofs, Martin Janssens, Cathelijne Stoof, and Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1923, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1923, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
Firefighter entrapments can occur when wildfires escalate suddenly due to fire-atmosphere interactions. This study presents a method to analyze this in real-time using two weather balloon measurements: ambient and in-plume conditions. Researchers launched 156 balloons during wildfire seasons in Spain, Chile, Greece, and the Netherlands. This methodology detects sudden changes in fire behavior by comparing ambient and in-plume data, ultimately enhancing research on fire-atmosphere interactions.
Maurin Zouzoua, Sophie Bastin, Fabienne Lohou, Marie Lothon, Marjolaine Chiriaco, Mathilde Jome, Cécile Mallet, Laurent Barthes, and Guylaine Canut
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 3211–3239, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-3211-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-3211-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study proposes using a statistical model to freeze errors due to differences in environmental forcing when evaluating the surface turbulent heat fluxes from numerical simulations with observations. The statistical model is first built with observations and then applied to the simulated environment to generate possibly observed fluxes. This novel method provides insight into differently evaluating the numerical formulation of turbulent heat fluxes with a long period of observational data.
Valentin Wiener, Étienne Vignon, Thomas Caton Harrison, Christophe Genthon, Felipe Toledo, Guylaine Canut-Rocafort, Yann Meurdesoif, and Alexis Berne
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2046, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2046, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Katabatic winds are a key feature of the climate of Antarctica, but substantial biases remain in their representation in atmospheric models. This study investigates a katabatic wind event in the ICOLMDZ model using in-situ observations. The framework allows to disentangle which part of the bias is due to horizontal resolution, to parameter calibration and to structural deficiencies in the model. We underline in particular the need to refine the physics of the model snow cover.
Belén Martí, Jannis Groh, Guylaine Canut, and Aaron Boone
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1783, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1783, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The characterization of vegetation at two sites proved insufficient to simulate adequately the evapotranspiration. A dry surface layer was implemented in the land surface model SURFEX-ISBA v9.0. It is compared to simulations without a soil resistance. The application to an alfalfa site and a natural grass site in semiarid conditions results in an improvement in the estimation of the latent heat flux. The surface energy budget and the soil and vegetation characteristics are explored in detail.
Luuk D. van der Valk, Oscar K. Hartogensis, Miriam Coenders-Gerrits, Rolf W. Hut, and Remko Uijlenhoet
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1128, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1128, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Commercial microwave links (CMLs), part of mobile phone networks, transmit comparable signals as instruments specially designed to estimate evaporation. Therefore, we investigate if CMLs could be used to estimate evaporation, even though they have not been designed for this purpose. Our results illustrate the potential of using CMLs to estimate evaporation, especially given their global coverage, but also outline some major drawbacks, often a consequence of unfavourable design choices for CMLs.
Sreehari Kizhuveettil, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano, Martina Krämer, Armin Afchine, Luiz A. T. Machado, Martin Zöger, and Wiebke Frey
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1637, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1637, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Aircraft measurements are used to investigate high-altitude downdrafts in tropical deep convective clouds. The cloud water present in the downdrafts and its intensity do not show any correlation. Surprisingly, downdrafts occurred in supersaturated regions, contradicting the classical view of subsaturated downdrafts. Up- and downdrafts of similar strength show similar particle size distributions. These findings shed new light on the interplay between deep convection dynamics and microphysics.
Kyaw Tha Paw U, Mary Rose Mangan, Jilmarie Stephens, Kosana Suvočarev, Jenae' Clay, Olmo Guerrero Medina, Emma Ware, Amanda Kerr-Munslow, James McGregor, John Kochendorfer, Megan McAuliffe, and Megan Metz
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 1485–1497, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1485-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1485-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Sonic anemometers measure wind velocity in three dimensions. They are used worldwide to help assess the trace gas exchange, critical to understanding climate change. However, their physical framework interferes with the flow they measure. We present a new way of correcting measurements from sonic anemometers of several types. The method uses measurements of vertical wind velocity and other turbulent velocities, compares their ratios, and from this yields correction factors for sonic anemometers.
Robbert Petrus Johannes Moonen, Getachew Agmuas Adnew, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Oscar Karel Hartogensis, David Joan Bonell Fontas, Shujiro Komiya, Sam P. Jones, and Thomas Röckmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-452, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-452, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Understory ejections are distinct turbulent features emerging in prime tall forest ecosystems. We share a method to isolate understory ejections based on H2O-CO2 anomalie quadrants. From these, we calculate the flux contributions of understory ejections and all flux quadrants. In addition we show that a distinctly depleted isotopic composition can be found in the ejected water vapour. Finally, we explored the role of clouds as a potential trigger for understory ejections.
Leon Geers, Ruud Janssen, Gudrun Thorkelsdottir, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, and Martijn Schaap
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-426, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-426, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
High-resolution data on reactive nitrogen deposition are needed to inform cost-effective policies. Here, we describe the implementation of a dry deposition module into a large eddy simulation code. With this model, we are able to represent the turbulent exchange of tracers at the hectometer resolution. The model calculates the dispersion and deposition of NOx and NH3 in great spatial detail, clearly showing the influence of local land use patterns.
Felipe Lobos-Roco, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, and Camilo del Río
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 109–125, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-109-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-109-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Water resources are fundamental for the social, economic, and natural development of (semi-)arid regions. Precipitation decreases due to climate change obligate us to find new water resources. Fog harvesting (FH) emerges as a complementary resource in regions where it is abundant but untapped. This research proposes a model to estimate FH potential in coastal (semi-)arid regions. This model could have broader applicability worldwide in regions where FH could be a viable water source.
Jakub L. Nowak, Marie Lothon, Donald H. Lenschow, and Szymon P. Malinowski
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 93–114, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-93-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-93-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
According to classical theory, the ratio of turbulence statistics corresponding to transverse and longitudinal wind velocity components equals 4/3 in the inertial range of scales. We analyse a large number of measurements obtained with three research aircraft during four field experiments in different locations and show that the observed ratios are almost always significantly smaller. We discuss potential reasons for this disagreement, but the actual explanation remains to be determined.
Luuk D. van der Valk, Oscar K. Hartogensis, Miriam Coenders-Gerrits, Rolf W. Hut, Bas Walraven, and Remko Uijlenhoet
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2974, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2974, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Commercial microwave links (CMLs), part of mobile phone networks, transmit comparable signals as instruments specially designed to estimate evaporation. Therefore, we investigate if CMLs could be used to estimate evaporation, even though they have not been designed for this purpose. Our results illustrate the potential of using CMLs to estimate evaporation, especially given their global coverage, but also outline some major drawbacks, often a consequence of unfavourable design choices for CMLs.
Marie Lothon, François Gheusi, Fabienne Lohou, Véronique Pont, Serge Soula, Corinne Jambert, Solène Derrien, Yannick Bezombes, Emmanuel Leclerc, Gilles Athier, Antoine Vial, Alban Philibert, Bernard Campistron, Frédérique Saïd, Jeroen Sonke, Julien Amestoy, Erwan Bargain, Pierre Bosser, Damien Boulanger, Guillaume Bret, Renaud Bodichon, Laurent Cabanas, Guylaine Canut, Jean-Bernard Estrampes, Eric Gardrat, Zaida Gomez Kuri, Jérémy Gueffier, Fabienne Guesdon, Morgan Lopez, Olivier Masson, Pierre-Yves Meslin, Yves Meyerfeld, Nicolas Pascal, Eric Pique, Michel Ramonet, Felix Starck, and Romain Vidal
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 6265–6300, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6265-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6265-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Pyrenean Platform for Observation of the Atmosphere (P2OA) is a coupled plain–mountain instrumented platform in southwestern France for the monitoring of climate variables and the study of meteorological processes in a mountainous region. A comprehensive description of this platform is presented for the first time: its instrumentation, the associated dataset, and a meteorological characterization the site. The potential of the P2OA is illustrated through several examples of process studies.
Mirjam Tijhuis, Bart J. H. van Stratum, and Chiel C. van Heerwaarden
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10567–10582, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10567-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10567-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Radiative transfer in the atmosphere is a 3D processes, which is often modelled in 1D for computational efficiency. We studied the differences between using 1D and 3D radiative transfer. With 3D radiation, larger clouds that contain more liquid water develop. However, they cover roughly the same part of the sky, and the average total radiation at the surface is nearly unchanged. The increase in cloud size might be important for weather models, as it can impact the formation of rain, for example.
Luiz A. T. Machado, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Santiago Botía, Hella van Asperen, Meinrat O. Andreae, Alessandro C. de Araújo, Paulo Artaxo, Achim Edtbauer, Rosaria R. Ferreira, Marco A. Franco, Hartwig Harder, Sam P. Jones, Cléo Q. Dias-Júnior, Guido G. Haytzmann, Carlos A. Quesada, Shujiro Komiya, Jost Lavric, Jos Lelieveld, Ingeborg Levin, Anke Nölscher, Eva Pfannerstill, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, Akima Ringsdorf, Luciana Rizzo, Ana M. Yáñez-Serrano, Susan Trumbore, Wanda I. D. Valenti, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano, David Walter, Jonathan Williams, Stefan Wolff, and Christopher Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8893–8910, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8893-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8893-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Composite analysis of gas concentration before and after rainfall, during the day and night, gives insight into the complex relationship between trace gas variability and precipitation. The analysis helps us to understand the sources and sinks of trace gases within a forest ecosystem. It elucidates processes that are not discernible under undisturbed conditions and contributes to a deeper understanding of the trace gas life cycle and its intricate interactions with cloud dynamics in the Amazon.
Maarten Krol, Bart van Stratum, Isidora Anglou, and Klaas Folkert Boersma
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8243–8262, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8243-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8243-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents detailed plume simulations of nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide that are emitted from four large industrial facilities world-wide. Results from the high-resolution simulations that include atmospheric chemistry are compared to nitrogen dioxide observations from satellites. We find good performance of the model and show that common assumptions that are used in simplified models need revision. This work is important for the monitoring of emissions using satellite data.
Jean-Marcel Rivonirina, Thierry Portafaix, Solofoarisoa Rakotoniaina, Béatrice Morel, Chao Tang, Kévin Lamy, Marie Lothon, Tom Toulouse, Olivier Liandrat, Solofo Rakotondraompiana, and Hassan Bencherif
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1827, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1827, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The lack of ground observation instruments and the vast ocean coverage make the Southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) region difficult to access and poorly studied. For gathering ground-based camera information, satellite measurements have been used with the primary goal of characterizing both sites Saint-Denis of Reunion Island and Antananarivo Madagascar in terms of cloudiness. This study shows the particularity of each site and enhances our understanding of cloud properties, particularly in the SWIO.
Kim A. P. Faassen, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Raquel González-Armas, Bert G. Heusinkveld, Ivan Mammarella, Wouter Peters, and Ingrid T. Luijkx
Biogeosciences, 21, 3015–3039, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3015-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3015-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The ratio between atmospheric O2 and CO2 can be used to characterize the carbon balance at the surface. By combining a model and observations from the Hyytiälä forest (Finland), we show that using atmospheric O2 and CO2 measurements from a single height provides a weak constraint on the surface CO2 exchange because large-scale processes such as entrainment confound this signal. We therefore recommend always using multiple heights of O2 and CO2 measurements to study surface CO2 exchange.
Raquel González-Armas, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Mary Rose Mangan, Oscar Hartogensis, and Hugo de Boer
Biogeosciences, 21, 2425–2445, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2425-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2425-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates the water and CO2 exchange for an alfalfa field with observations and a model with spatial scales ranging from the stomata to the atmospheric boundary layer. To relate the environmental factors to the leaf gas exchange, we developed three equations that quantify how many of the temporal changes of the leaf gas exchange occur due to changes in the environmental variables. The novelty of the research resides in the capacity to dissect the dynamics of the leaf gas exchange.
Alban Philibert, Marie Lothon, Julien Amestoy, Pierre-Yves Meslin, Solène Derrien, Yannick Bezombes, Bernard Campistron, Fabienne Lohou, Antoine Vial, Guylaine Canut-Rocafort, Joachim Reuder, and Jennifer K. Brooke
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1679–1701, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1679-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1679-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new algorithm, CALOTRITON, for the retrieval of the convective boundary layer depth with ultra-high-frequency radar measurements. CALOTRITON is partly based on the principle that the top of the convective boundary layer is associated with an inversion and a decrease in turbulence. It is evaluated using ceilometer and radiosonde data. It is able to qualify the complexity of the vertical structure of the low troposphere and detect internal or residual layers.
Ruben B. Schulte, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Susanna Rutledge-Jonker, Shelley van der Graaf, Jun Zhang, and Margreet C. van Zanten
Biogeosciences, 21, 557–574, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-557-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-557-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed measurements with the aim of finding relations between the surface atmosphere exchange of NH3 and the CO2 uptake and transpiration by vegetation. We found a high correlation of daytime NH3 emissions with both latent heat flux and photosynthetically active radiation. Very few simultaneous measurements of NH3, CO2 fluxes and meteorological variables exist at sub-diurnal timescales. This study paves the way to finding more robust relations between the NH3 exchange flux and CO2 uptake.
Jérémy Gueffier, François Gheusi, Marie Lothon, Véronique Pont, Alban Philibert, Fabienne Lohou, Solène Derrien, Yannick Bezombes, Gilles Athier, Yves Meyerfeld, Antoine Vial, and Emmanuel Leclerc
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 287–316, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-287-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-287-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the link between weather regime and atmospheric composition at a Pyrenean observatory. Five years of meteorological data were synchronized on a daily basis and then, using a clustering method, separated into six groups of observation days, with most showing marked characteristics of different weather regimes (fair and disturbed weather, winter windstorms, foehn). Statistical differences in gas and particle concentrations appeared between the groups and are discussed.
Cheikh Dione, Martial Haeffelin, Frédéric Burnet, Christine Lac, Guylaine Canut, Julien Delanoë, Jean-Charles Dupont, Susana Jorquera, Pauline Martinet, Jean-François Ribaud, and Felipe Toledo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15711–15731, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15711-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15711-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper documents the role of thermodynamics and turbulence in the fog life cycle over southwestern France. It is based on a unique dataset collected during the SOFOG3D field campaign in autumn and winter 2019–2020. The paper gives a threshold for turbulence driving the different phases of the fog life cycle and the role of advection in the night-time dissipation of fog. The results can be operationalised to nowcast fog and improve short-range forecasts in numerical weather prediction models.
Robbert P. J. Moonen, Getachew A. Adnew, Oscar K. Hartogensis, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, David J. Bonell Fontas, and Thomas Röckmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 5787–5810, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5787-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5787-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Isotope fluxes allow for net ecosystem gas exchange fluxes to be partitioned into sub-components like plant assimilation, respiration and transpiration, which can help us better understand the environmental drivers of each partial flux. We share the results of a field campaign isotope fluxes were derived using a combination of laser spectroscopy and eddy covariance. We found lag times and high frequency signal loss in the isotope fluxes we derived and present methods to correct for both.
Leonie Villiger, Marina Dütsch, Sandrine Bony, Marie Lothon, Stephan Pfahl, Heini Wernli, Pierre-Etienne Brilouet, Patrick Chazette, Pierre Coutris, Julien Delanoë, Cyrille Flamant, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Martin Werner, and Franziska Aemisegger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14643–14672, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14643-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14643-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study evaluates three numerical simulations performed with an isotope-enabled weather forecast model and investigates the coupling between shallow trade-wind cumulus clouds and atmospheric circulations on different scales. We show that the simulations reproduce key characteristics of shallow trade-wind clouds as observed during the field experiment EUREC4A and that the spatial distribution of stable-water-vapour isotopes is shaped by the overturning circulation associated with these clouds.
Kim A. P. Faassen, Linh N. T. Nguyen, Eadin R. Broekema, Bert A. M. Kers, Ivan Mammarella, Timo Vesala, Penelope A. Pickers, Andrew C. Manning, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Harro A. J. Meijer, Wouter Peters, and Ingrid T. Luijkx
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 851–876, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-851-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-851-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The exchange ratio (ER) between atmospheric O2 and CO2 provides a useful tracer for separately estimating photosynthesis and respiration processes in the forest carbon balance. This is highly relevant to better understand the expected biosphere sink, which determines future atmospheric CO2 levels. We therefore measured O2, CO2, and their ER above a boreal forest in Finland and investigated their diurnal behaviour for a representative day, and we show the most suitable way to determine the ER.
Micael Amore Cecchini, Marco de Bruine, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, and Paulo Artaxo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11867–11888, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11867-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11867-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Shallow clouds (vertical extent up to 3 km height) are ubiquitous throughout the Amazon and are responsible for redistributing the solar heat and moisture vertically and horizontally. They are a key component of the water cycle because they can grow past the shallow phase to contribute significantly to the precipitation formation. However, they need favourable environmental conditions to grow. In this study, we analyse how changing wind patterns affect the development of such shallow clouds.
Felipe Lobos-Roco, Oscar Hartogensis, Francisco Suárez, Ariadna Huerta-Viso, Imme Benedict, Alberto de la Fuente, and Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3709–3729, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3709-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3709-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This research brings a multi-scale temporal analysis of evaporation in a saline lake of the Atacama Desert. Our findings reveal that evaporation is controlled differently depending on the timescale. Evaporation is controlled sub-diurnally by wind speed, regulated seasonally by radiation and modulated interannually by ENSO. Our research extends our understanding of evaporation, contributing to improving the climate change assessment and efficiency of water management in arid regions.
Ruben B. Schulte, Margreet C. van Zanten, Bart J. H. van Stratum, and Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8241–8257, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8241-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8241-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a fine-scale simulation framework, utilizing large-eddy simulations, to assess NH3 measurements influenced by boundary-layer dynamics and turbulent dispersion of a nearby emission source. The minimum required distance from an emission source differs for concentration and flux measurements, from 0.5–3.0 km and 0.75–4.5 km, respectively. The simulation framework presented here proves to be a powerful and versatile tool for future NH3 research at high spatio-temporal resolutions.
Sandrine Bony, Marie Lothon, Julien Delanoë, Pierre Coutris, Jean-Claude Etienne, Franziska Aemisegger, Anna Lea Albright, Thierry André, Hubert Bellec, Alexandre Baron, Jean-François Bourdinot, Pierre-Etienne Brilouet, Aurélien Bourdon, Jean-Christophe Canonici, Christophe Caudoux, Patrick Chazette, Michel Cluzeau, Céline Cornet, Jean-Philippe Desbios, Dominique Duchanoy, Cyrille Flamant, Benjamin Fildier, Christophe Gourbeyre, Laurent Guiraud, Tetyana Jiang, Claude Lainard, Christophe Le Gac, Christian Lendroit, Julien Lernould, Thierry Perrin, Frédéric Pouvesle, Pascal Richard, Nicolas Rochetin, Kevin Salaün, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Guillaume Seurat, Bjorn Stevens, Julien Totems, Ludovic Touzé-Peiffer, Gilles Vergez, Jessica Vial, Leonie Villiger, and Raphaela Vogel
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2021–2064, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2021-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2021-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The French ATR42 research aircraft participated in the EUREC4A international field campaign that took place in 2020 over the tropical Atlantic, east of Barbados. We present the extensive instrumentation of the aircraft, the research flights and the different measurements. We show that the ATR measurements of humidity, wind, aerosols and cloudiness in the lower atmosphere are robust and consistent with each other. They will make it possible to advance understanding of cloud–climate interactions.
Bjorn Stevens, Sandrine Bony, David Farrell, Felix Ament, Alan Blyth, Christopher Fairall, Johannes Karstensen, Patricia K. Quinn, Sabrina Speich, Claudia Acquistapace, Franziska Aemisegger, Anna Lea Albright, Hugo Bellenger, Eberhard Bodenschatz, Kathy-Ann Caesar, Rebecca Chewitt-Lucas, Gijs de Boer, Julien Delanoë, Leif Denby, Florian Ewald, Benjamin Fildier, Marvin Forde, Geet George, Silke Gross, Martin Hagen, Andrea Hausold, Karen J. Heywood, Lutz Hirsch, Marek Jacob, Friedhelm Jansen, Stefan Kinne, Daniel Klocke, Tobias Kölling, Heike Konow, Marie Lothon, Wiebke Mohr, Ann Kristin Naumann, Louise Nuijens, Léa Olivier, Robert Pincus, Mira Pöhlker, Gilles Reverdin, Gregory Roberts, Sabrina Schnitt, Hauke Schulz, A. Pier Siebesma, Claudia Christine Stephan, Peter Sullivan, Ludovic Touzé-Peiffer, Jessica Vial, Raphaela Vogel, Paquita Zuidema, Nicola Alexander, Lyndon Alves, Sophian Arixi, Hamish Asmath, Gholamhossein Bagheri, Katharina Baier, Adriana Bailey, Dariusz Baranowski, Alexandre Baron, Sébastien Barrau, Paul A. Barrett, Frédéric Batier, Andreas Behrendt, Arne Bendinger, Florent Beucher, Sebastien Bigorre, Edmund Blades, Peter Blossey, Olivier Bock, Steven Böing, Pierre Bosser, Denis Bourras, Pascale Bouruet-Aubertot, Keith Bower, Pierre Branellec, Hubert Branger, Michal Brennek, Alan Brewer, Pierre-Etienne Brilouet, Björn Brügmann, Stefan A. Buehler, Elmo Burke, Ralph Burton, Radiance Calmer, Jean-Christophe Canonici, Xavier Carton, Gregory Cato Jr., Jude Andre Charles, Patrick Chazette, Yanxu Chen, Michal T. Chilinski, Thomas Choularton, Patrick Chuang, Shamal Clarke, Hugh Coe, Céline Cornet, Pierre Coutris, Fleur Couvreux, Susanne Crewell, Timothy Cronin, Zhiqiang Cui, Yannis Cuypers, Alton Daley, Gillian M. Damerell, Thibaut Dauhut, Hartwig Deneke, Jean-Philippe Desbios, Steffen Dörner, Sebastian Donner, Vincent Douet, Kyla Drushka, Marina Dütsch, André Ehrlich, Kerry Emanuel, Alexandros Emmanouilidis, Jean-Claude Etienne, Sheryl Etienne-Leblanc, Ghislain Faure, Graham Feingold, Luca Ferrero, Andreas Fix, Cyrille Flamant, Piotr Jacek Flatau, Gregory R. Foltz, Linda Forster, Iulian Furtuna, Alan Gadian, Joseph Galewsky, Martin Gallagher, Peter Gallimore, Cassandra Gaston, Chelle Gentemann, Nicolas Geyskens, Andreas Giez, John Gollop, Isabelle Gouirand, Christophe Gourbeyre, Dörte de Graaf, Geiske E. de Groot, Robert Grosz, Johannes Güttler, Manuel Gutleben, Kashawn Hall, George Harris, Kevin C. Helfer, Dean Henze, Calvert Herbert, Bruna Holanda, Antonio Ibanez-Landeta, Janet Intrieri, Suneil Iyer, Fabrice Julien, Heike Kalesse, Jan Kazil, Alexander Kellman, Abiel T. Kidane, Ulrike Kirchner, Marcus Klingebiel, Mareike Körner, Leslie Ann Kremper, Jan Kretzschmar, Ovid Krüger, Wojciech Kumala, Armin Kurz, Pierre L'Hégaret, Matthieu Labaste, Tom Lachlan-Cope, Arlene Laing, Peter Landschützer, Theresa Lang, Diego Lange, Ingo Lange, Clément Laplace, Gauke Lavik, Rémi Laxenaire, Caroline Le Bihan, Mason Leandro, Nathalie Lefevre, Marius Lena, Donald Lenschow, Qiang Li, Gary Lloyd, Sebastian Los, Niccolò Losi, Oscar Lovell, Christopher Luneau, Przemyslaw Makuch, Szymon Malinowski, Gaston Manta, Eleni Marinou, Nicholas Marsden, Sebastien Masson, Nicolas Maury, Bernhard Mayer, Margarette Mayers-Als, Christophe Mazel, Wayne McGeary, James C. McWilliams, Mario Mech, Melina Mehlmann, Agostino Niyonkuru Meroni, Theresa Mieslinger, Andreas Minikin, Peter Minnett, Gregor Möller, Yanmichel Morfa Avalos, Caroline Muller, Ionela Musat, Anna Napoli, Almuth Neuberger, Christophe Noisel, David Noone, Freja Nordsiek, Jakub L. Nowak, Lothar Oswald, Douglas J. Parker, Carolyn Peck, Renaud Person, Miriam Philippi, Albert Plueddemann, Christopher Pöhlker, Veronika Pörtge, Ulrich Pöschl, Lawrence Pologne, Michał Posyniak, Marc Prange, Estefanía Quiñones Meléndez, Jule Radtke, Karim Ramage, Jens Reimann, Lionel Renault, Klaus Reus, Ashford Reyes, Joachim Ribbe, Maximilian Ringel, Markus Ritschel, Cesar B. Rocha, Nicolas Rochetin, Johannes Röttenbacher, Callum Rollo, Haley Royer, Pauline Sadoulet, Leo Saffin, Sanola Sandiford, Irina Sandu, Michael Schäfer, Vera Schemann, Imke Schirmacher, Oliver Schlenczek, Jerome Schmidt, Marcel Schröder, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Andrea Sealy, Christoph J. Senff, Ilya Serikov, Samkeyat Shohan, Elizabeth Siddle, Alexander Smirnov, Florian Späth, Branden Spooner, M. Katharina Stolla, Wojciech Szkółka, Simon P. de Szoeke, Stéphane Tarot, Eleni Tetoni, Elizabeth Thompson, Jim Thomson, Lorenzo Tomassini, Julien Totems, Alma Anna Ubele, Leonie Villiger, Jan von Arx, Thomas Wagner, Andi Walther, Ben Webber, Manfred Wendisch, Shanice Whitehall, Anton Wiltshire, Allison A. Wing, Martin Wirth, Jonathan Wiskandt, Kevin Wolf, Ludwig Worbes, Ethan Wright, Volker Wulfmeyer, Shanea Young, Chidong Zhang, Dongxiao Zhang, Florian Ziemen, Tobias Zinner, and Martin Zöger
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4067–4119, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The EUREC4A field campaign, designed to test hypothesized mechanisms by which clouds respond to warming and benchmark next-generation Earth-system models, is presented. EUREC4A comprised roughly 5 weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic – eastward and southeastward of Barbados. It was the first campaign that attempted to characterize the full range of processes and scales influencing trade wind clouds.
Pierre-Etienne Brilouet, Marie Lothon, Jean-Claude Etienne, Pascal Richard, Sandrine Bony, Julien Lernoult, Hubert Bellec, Gilles Vergez, Thierry Perrin, Julien Delanoë, Tetyana Jiang, Frédéric Pouvesle, Claude Lainard, Michel Cluzeau, Laurent Guiraud, Patrice Medina, and Theotime Charoy
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3379–3398, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3379-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3379-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
During the EUREC4A field experiment that took place over the tropical Atlantic Ocean east of Barbados, the French ATR 42 environment research aircraft of SAFIRE aimed to characterize the shallow cloud properties near cloud base and the turbulent structure of the subcloud layer. The high-frequency measurements of wind, temperature and humidity as well as their translation in terms of turbulent fluctuations, turbulent moments and characteristic length scales of turbulence are presented.
Carlos Román-Cascón, Marie Lothon, Fabienne Lohou, Oscar Hartogensis, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano, David Pino, Carlos Yagüe, and Eric R. Pardyjak
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3939–3967, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3939-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3939-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The type of vegetation (or land cover) and its status influence the heat and water transfers between the surface and the air, affecting the processes that develop in the atmosphere at different (but connected) spatiotemporal scales. In this work, we investigate how these transfers are affected by the way the surface is represented in a widely used weather model. The results encourage including realistic high-resolution and updated land cover databases in models to improve their predictions.
Robin Stoffer, Caspar M. van Leeuwen, Damian Podareanu, Valeriu Codreanu, Menno A. Veerman, Martin Janssens, Oscar K. Hartogensis, and Chiel C. van Heerwaarden
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3769–3788, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3769-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3769-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Turbulent flows are often simulated with the large-eddy simulation (LES) technique, which requires subgrid models to account for the smallest scales. Current subgrid models often require strong simplifying assumptions. We therefore developed a subgrid model based on artificial neural networks, which requires fewer assumptions. Our data-driven SGS model showed high potential in accurately representing the smallest scales but still introduced instability when incorporated into an actual LES.
Felipe Lobos-Roco, Oscar Hartogensis, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Alberto de la Fuente, Ricardo Muñoz, José Rutllant, and Francisco Suárez
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9125–9150, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9125-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9125-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the influence of regional atmospheric circulation on the evaporation of a saline lake in the Altiplano region of the Atacama Desert through a field experiment and regional modeling. Our results show that evaporation is controlled by two regimes: (1) in the morning by local conditions with low evaporation rates and low wind speed and (2) in the afternoon with high evaporation rates and high wind speed. Afternoon winds are connected to the regional Pacific Ocean–Andes flow.
Maurin Zouzoua, Fabienne Lohou, Paul Assamoi, Marie Lothon, Véronique Yoboue, Cheikh Dione, Norbert Kalthoff, Bianca Adler, Karmen Babić, Xabier Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia, and Solène Derrien
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2027–2051, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2027-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2027-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Based on a field experiment conducted in June and July 2016, we analyzed the daytime breakup of continental low-level stratiform clouds over southern West Africa in order to provide complementary guidance for model evaluation during the monsoon season. Those clouds exhibit weaker temperature and moisture jumps at the top compared to marine stratiform clouds. Their lifetime and the transition towards shallow convective clouds during daytime hours depend on their coupling with the surface.
Cited articles
Aguirre-Correa, F., Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J., Ronda, R., Lobos-Roco, F., Suárez, F., and Hartogensis, O.: Midday Boundary-Layer Collapse in the Altiplano Desert: The Combined Effect of Advection and Subsidence, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 187, 643–671, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-023-00790-5, 2023. a
Avissar, R. and Schmidt, T.: An Evaluation of the Scale at which Ground-Surface Heat Flux Patchiness Affects the Convective Boundary Layer Using Large-Eddy Simulations, J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2666–2689, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<2666:AEOTSA>2.0.CO;2, 1998. a, b, c
Beyrich, F. and Mengelkamp, H.-T.: Evaporation over a Heterogeneous Land Surface: EVA_GRIPS and the LITFASS-2003 Experiment – An Overview, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 121, 5–32, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-006-9079-z, 2006. a
Boone, A., Bellvert, J., Best, M., Brooke, J., Canut-Rocafort, G., Cuxart, J., Hartogensis, O., Le Moigne, P., Miró, J. R., Polcher, J., Price, J., Quintana Seguí, P., and Wooster, M.: Updates on the International Land Surface Interactions with the Atmophere over the Iberian Semi-Arid Environment (LIAISE) Field Campaign, GEWEX News, 31, 17–21, 2021. a
Boone, A., Bellvert, J., Best, M., Brooke, J. K., Canut-Rocafort, G., Cuxart, J., Hartogensis, O., Le Moigne, P., Miró, J. R., Polcher, J., Price, J., Seguí, P. Q., Bech, J., Bezombes, Y., Branch, O., Cristóbal, J., Dassas, K., Fanise, P., Gibert, F., Goulas, Y., Groh, J., Hanus, J., Hmimina, G., Jarlan, L., Kim, E., Dantec, V. L., Page, M. L., Lohou, F., Lothon, M., Mangan, M. R., Martí, B., Martínez-Villagrasa, D., McGregor, J., Kerr-Munslow, A., Ouaadi, N., Philibert, A., Quiros-Vargas, J., Rascher, U., Siegmann, B., Udina, M., Vial, A., Wrenger, B., Wulfmeyer, V., and Zribi, M.: The Land Surface Interactions with the Atmosphere over the Iberian Semi-Arid Environment (LIAISE) field campaign, Journal of the European Meteorological Society, 2, 100007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemets.2025.100007, 2025. a
Bou-Zeid, E., Anderson, W., Katul, G. G., and Mahrt, L.: The Persistent Challenge of Surface Heterogeneity in Boundary-Layer Meteorology: A Review, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 177, 227–245, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-020-00551-8, 2020. a, b, c
Brilouet, P.-E., Lothon, M., Etienne, J.-C., Richard, P., Bony, S., Lernoult, J., Bellec, H., Vergez, G., Perrin, T., Delanoë, J., Jiang, T., Pouvesle, F., Lainard, C., Cluzeau, M., Guiraud, L., Medina, P., and Charoy, T.: The EUREC4A turbulence dataset derived from the SAFIRE ATR 42 aircraft, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3379–3398, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3379-2021, 2021. a
Brunsell, N. A., Mechem, D. B., and Anderson, M. C.: Surface heterogeneity impacts on boundary layer dynamics via energy balance partitioning, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3403–3416, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3403-2011, 2011. a
Butterworth, B. J., Desai, A. R., Townsend, P. A., Petty, G. W., Andresen, C. G., Bertram, T. H., Kruger, E. L., Mineau, J. K., Olson, E. R., Paleri, S., Pertzborn, R. A., Pettersen, C., Stoy, P. C., Thom, J. E., Vermeuel, M. P., Wagner, T. J., Wright, D. B., Zheng, T., Metzger, S., Schwartz, M. D., Iglinski, T. J., Mauder, M., Speidel, J., Vogelmann, H., Wanner, L., Augustine, T. J., Brown, W. O. J., Oncley, S. P., Buban, M., Lee, T. R., Cleary, P., Durden, D. J., Florian, C. R., Lantz, K., Riihimaki, L. D., Sedlar, J., Meyers, T. P., Plummer, D. M., Guzman, E. R., Smith, E. N., Sühring, M., Turner, D. D., Wang, Z., White, L. D., and Wilczak, J. M.: Connecting Land–Atmosphere Interactions to Surface Heterogeneity in CHEESEHEAD19, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 102, E421–E445, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0346.1, 2021. a
Canut, G.: LIAISE_LA-CENDROSA_CNRM_TETHERED-BALLOON-TURB_L2, Aeris [data set], https://doi.org/10.25326/528, 2023. a
de Roode, S. R., Duynkerke, P. G., and Jonker, H. J. J.: Large-Eddy Simulation: How Large is Large Enough?, J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 403–421, 2004. a
Garratt, J. R.: The internal boundary layer – A review, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 50, 171–203, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00120524, 1990. a
Garrouste, O. and Canut, G.: LIAISE_LA-CENDROSA_CNRM_RS_L2, Aeris [data set], https://doi.org/10.25326/322, 2022. a
Hechtel, L. M., Stull, R. B., and Moeng, C.-H.: The Effects of Nonhomogeneous Surface Fluxes on the Convective Boundary Layer: A Case Study Using Large-Eddy Simulation, J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 1721–1741, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1990)047<1721:TEONSF>2.0.CO;2, 1990. a, b, c
Hoinka, K. P. and Castro, M. D.: The Iberian Peninsula thermal low, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129, 1491–1511, https://doi.org/10.1256/qj.01.189, 2003. a
Huang, H.-Y. and Margulis, S. A.: On the impact of surface heterogeneity on a realistic convective boundary layer, Water Resour. Res., 45, W04425, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007175, 2009. a, b, c, d
Huang, J., Lee, X., and Patton, E. G.: Dissimilarity of Scalar Transport in the Convective Boundary Layer in Inhomogeneous Landscapes, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 130, 327–345, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-009-9356-8, 2009. a
Jiménez, M. A., Grau, A., Martínez-Villagrasa, D., and Cuxart, J.: Characterization of the marine-air intrusion Marinada in the eastern Ebro sub-basin, Int. J. Climatol., 43, 7682–7699, 2023. a
Jonker, H. J. J., Duynkerke, P. G., and Cuijpers, J. W. M.: Mesoscale Fluctuations in Scalars Generated by Boundary Layer Convection, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 801–808, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<0801:MFISGB>2.0.CO;2, 1999. a
Kaimal, J. C. and Finnigan, J. J.: Atmospheric boundary layer flows: their structure and measurement, Oxford University Press, New York, ISBN-10: 0195062396, 1994. a
Lenschow, D. H. and Stankov, B. B.: Length Scales in the Convective Boundary Layer, J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1198–1209, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<1198:LSITCB>2.0.CO;2, 1986. a
Liu, G., Sun, J., and Yin, L.: Turbulence Characteristics of the Shear-Free Convective Boundary Layer Driven by Heterogeneous Surface Heating, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 140, 57–71, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-011-9591-7, 2011. a
Lothon, M. and Canut, G.: SAFIRE ATR42: Turbulence Data 25 Hz, Aeris [data set], https://doi.org/10.25326/365, 2022. a
Lunel, T., Boone, A. A., and Le Moigne, P.: Irrigation strongly influences near-surface conditions and induces breeze circulation: Observational and model-based evidence, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 150, 2798–2819, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4736, 2024a. a, b
Lunel, T., Jimenez, M. A., Cuxart, J., Martinez-Villagrasa, D., Boone, A., and Le Moigne, P.: The marinada fall wind in the eastern Ebro sub-basin: physical mechanisms and role of the sea, orography and irrigation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7637–7666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7637-2024, 2024b. a
Mahrt, L.: Surface Heterogeneity and Vertical Structure of the Boundary Layer, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 96, 33–62, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002482332477, 2000. a, b, c
Mangan, M. R., Oldroyd, H. J., Paw U, K. T., Clay, J. M., Drake, S. A., Kelley, J., and Suvočarev, K.: Integrated Quadrant Analysis: A New Method for Analyzing Turbulent Coherent Structures, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 184, 45–69, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-022-00694-w, 2022a. a
Mangan, M. R., Hartogensis, O., Boone, A., Branch, O., Canut, G., Cuxart, J., de Boar, H., Le Page, M., Martinez Villagrasa, D., Miro, J. R., Price, J., and Quintana, P.: LIAISE_FLUX-MAPS_WUR_SurfaceFluxes_L1, Aeris [data set], https://doi.org/10.25326/391, 2022b. a
Mangan, M. R., Hartogensis, O., Branch, O., Martinez Villagrasa, D., Boone, A., Canut, G., Cuxart, J., de Boar, H., Le Page, M., Miro, J. R., and Price, J.: LIAISE_UNIFIED-EC_WUR_30min_L1, Aeris [data set], https://doi.org/10.25326/390, 2022c. a
Mangan, M. R., Hartogensis, O., Boone, A., Branch, O., Canut, G., Cuxart, J., de Boer, H. J., Le Page, M., Martínez-Villagrasa, D., Miró, J. R., Price, J., and Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J.: The surface-boundary layer connection across spatial scales of irrigation-driven thermal heterogeneity: An integrated data and modeling study of the LIAISE field campaign, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 335, 109452, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109452, 2023a. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m
Mangan, M. R., Hartogensis, O., van Heerwaarden, C., and Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J.: Evapotranspiration controls across spatial scales of heterogeneity, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 149, 2696–2718, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4527, 2023b. a, b, c
Mangan, M. R., Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J., van Stratum, B., and Hartogensis, O.: LIAISE LES - Prescribed Surface Fluxes Case, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13379335, 2024. a
Maronga, B., Moene, A. F., van Dinther, D., Raasch, S., Bosveld, F. C., and Gioli, B.: Derivation of Structure Parameters of Temperature and Humidity in the Convective Boundary Layer from Large-Eddy Simulations and Implications for the Interpretation of Scintillometer Observations, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 148, 1–30, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-013-9801-6, 2013. a, b
Ouwersloot, H. G., Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J., van Heerwaarden, C. C., Ganzeveld, L. N., Krol, M. C., and Lelieveld, J.: On the segregation of chemical species in a clear boundary layer over heterogeneous land surfaces, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 10681–10704, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-10681-2011, 2011. a
Philibert, A., Lothon, M., Amestoy, J., Meslin, P.-Y., Derrien, S., Bezombes, Y., Campistron, B., Lohou, F., Vial, A., Canut-Rocafort, G., Reuder, J., and Brooke, J. K.: CALOTRITON: a convective boundary layer height estimation algorithm from ultra-high-frequency (UHF) wind profiler data, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1679–1701, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1679-2024, 2024. a
Pino, D., Jonker, H. J. J., Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J., and Dosio, A.: Role of Shear and the Inversion Strength During Sunset Turbulence Over Land: Characteristic Length Scales, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 121, 537–556, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-006-9080-6, 2006. a, b
Price, J.: LIAISE_ELS-PLANS_UKMO_radiosondes_L1, Aeris [data set], https://doi.org/10.25326/429, 2023. a
Raasch, S. and Harbusch, G.: An Analysis of Secondary Circulations and their Effects Caused by Small-Scale Surface Inhomogeneities using Large-Eddy Simulation, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 101, 31–59, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019297504109, 2001. a, b, c, d
Rappin, E., Mahmood, R., Nair, U., Pielke, R. A., Brown, W., Oncley, S., Wurman, J., Kosiba, K., Kaulfus, A., Phillips, C., Lachenmeier, E., Santanello, J., Kim, E., and Lawston-Parker, P.: The Great Plains Irrigation Experiment (GRAINEX), B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 102, E1756–E1785, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0041.1, 2021. a
Schulte, R. B., van Zanten, M. C., van Stratum, B. J. H., and Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J.: Assessing the representativity of NH3 measurements influenced by boundary-layer dynamics and the turbulent dispersion of a nearby emission source, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8241–8257, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8241-2022, 2022. a
Shen, S. and Leclerc, M. Y.: How large must surface inhomogeneities be before they influence the convective boundary layer structure? A case study, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 121, 1209–1228, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712152603, 1995. a, b, c
Stull, R. B.: An Introduction of Boundary Layer Meteorology, Kluwer, Dordrecht, ISBN-I: 978·90-2n-2769·5, 1988. a
Stull, R. B. and Driedonks, A. G. M.: Applications of the transilient turbulence parameterization to atmospheric boundary-layer simulations, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 40, 209–239, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00117449, 1987. a
van Heerwaarden, C. C. and Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J.: Relative Humidity as an Indicator for Cloud Formation over Heterogeneous Land Surfaces, J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 3263–3277, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JAS2591.1, 2008. a, b, c
van Heerwaarden, C. C., Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J., Moene, A. F., and Holtslag, A. A. M.: Interactions between dry-air entrainment, surface evaporation and convective boundary-layer development, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 135, 1277–1291, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.431, 2009. a
van Heerwaarden, C. C., Mellado, J. P., and Lozar, A. D.: Scaling Laws for the Heterogeneously Heated Free Convective Boundary Layer, J. Atmos. Sci., 71, 3975–4000, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-13-0383.1, 2014. a, b
van Heerwaarden, C. C., van Stratum, B. J. H., Heus, T., Gibbs, J. A., Fedorovich, E., and Mellado, J. P.: MicroHH 1.0: a computational fluid dynamics code for direct numerical simulation and large-eddy simulation of atmospheric boundary layer flows, Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 3145–3165, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3145-2017, 2017 (code available at: https://github.com/microhh/microhh, last accesss: 17 July 2025). a, b, c, d
van Stratum, B. J. H., van Heerwaarden, C. C., and Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J.: The Benefits and Challenges of Downscaling a Global Reanalysis With Doubly-Periodic Large-Eddy Simulations, J. Adv. Model. Earth Sy., 15, e2023MS003750, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003750, 2023. a
Short summary
Using observations and high-resolution turbulence modeling, we examine the influence of irrigation-driven surface heterogeneity on the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). We use a multi-scale approach for characterizing surface heterogeneity to explore how its influence on the ABL within a grid cell would change with higher-resolution models. We find that the height of the ABL is variable across short distances and that the surface heterogeneity is felt least strongly in the middle of the ABL.
Using observations and high-resolution turbulence modeling, we examine the influence of...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint