This study showed that the springtime O₃ depletion plays a critical role in driving the surface O₃ seasonal cycle in the central Arctic. The O₃ depletion events, while occurring most notably within the lowest few hundred metres above the Arctic Ocean, can induce a 5–7 % loss in the pan-Arctic tropospheric O₃ burden during springtime. The study also found enhancements in O₃ and NO_y (mostly peroxyacetyl nitrate) concentrations in the Arctic due to northern boreal wildfires, particularly at higher altitudes.

By integrating field measurements with an interpretable ensemble machine learning framework, we comprehensively identified key driving factors of nitro-aromatic compounds (NACs), demonstrated complex interrelationships, and quantified their contributions across different locations. This work provides a reliable modeling approach for recognizing causes of NAC pollution, enhances our understanding of variations of atmospheric NACs, and highlights the necessity of strengthening emission controls.

We studied how turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) changes in the lower atmosphere over Shenzhen, focusing on its role in weather and climate. Using advanced wind lidar technology, we tracked how TKE varies with height and across seasons. We found that heat near the ground drives turbulence, while wind effects become stronger higher up. Our results help improve weather and climate models by providing better data on how turbulence behaves in the atmosphere, aiding understanding of climate change.