Explainable ensemble machine learning revealing spatiotemporal heterogeneity in driving factors of particulate nitro-aromatic compounds in eastern China
Min Li,Xinfeng Wang,Tianshuai Li,Yujia Wang,Yueru Jiang,Yujiao Zhu,Wei Nie,Rui Li,Jian Gao,Likun Xue,Qingzhu Zhang,and Wenxing Wang
Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
Tianshuai Li
Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
Yujia Wang
Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
Yueru Jiang
Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
Yujiao Zhu
Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
Rui Li
School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
Jian Gao
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
Likun Xue
Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
Qingzhu Zhang
Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
Wenxing Wang
Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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By integrating field measurements with an interpretable ensemble machine learning framework, we comprehensively identified key driving factors of nitro-aromatic compounds (NACs), demonstrated complex interrelationships, and quantified their contributions across different locations. This work provides a reliable modeling approach for recognizing causes of NAC pollution, enhances our understanding of variations of atmospheric NACs, and highlights the necessity of strengthening emission controls.
By integrating field measurements with an interpretable ensemble machine learning framework, we...