Articles | Volume 25, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5743-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5743-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
11 Jun 2025
Research article |
| 11 Jun 2025
| 11 Jun 2025
African dust transported to Barbados in the wintertime lacks indicators of chemical aging
Haley M. Royer
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
currently at: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Michael T. Sheridan
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
Hope E. Elliott
Department of Ocean Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Edmund Blades
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Nurun Nahar Lata
Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
Zezhen Cheng
Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
Swarup China
Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
Zihua Zhu
Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
Andrew P. Ault
Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
Natalie M. Mahowald, Longlei Li, Julius Vira, Marje Prank, Douglas S. Hamilton, Hitoshi Matsui, Ron L. Miller, P. Louis Lu, Ezgi Akyuz, Daphne Meidan, Peter Hess, Heikki Lihavainen, Christine Wiedinmyer, Jenny Hand, Maria Grazia Alaimo, Célia Alves, Andres Alastuey, Paulo Artaxo, Africa Barreto, Francisco Barraza, Silvia Becagli, Giulia Calzolai, Shankararaman Chellam, Ying Chen, Patrick Chuang, David D. Cohen, Cristina Colombi, Evangelia Diapouli, Gaetano Dongarra, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Johann Engelbrecht, Corinne Galy-Lacaux, Cassandra Gaston, Dario Gomez, Yenny González Ramos, Roy M. Harrison, Chris Heyes, Barak Herut, Philip Hopke, Christoph Hüglin, Maria Kanakidou, Zsofia Kertesz, Zbigniew Klimont, Katriina Kyllönen, Fabrice Lambert, Xiaohong Liu, Remi Losno, Franco Lucarelli, Willy Maenhaut, Beatrice Marticorena, Randall V. Martin, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Yasser Morera-Gómez, Adina Paytan, Joseph Prospero, Sergio Rodríguez, Patricia Smichowski, Daniela Varrica, Brenna Walsh, Crystal L. Weagle, and Xi Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4665–4702, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4665-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4665-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles are an important part of the Earth system, but their concentrations are spatially and temporally heterogeneous, as well as being variable in size and composition. Here, we present a new compilation of PM2.5 and PM10 aerosol observations, focusing on the spatial variability across different observational stations, including composition, and demonstrate a method for comparing the data sets to model output.
Fan Mei, Qi Zhang, Damao Zhang, Jerome D. Fast, Gourihar Kulkarni, Mikhail S. Pekour, Christopher R. Niedek, Susanne Glienke, Israel Silber, Beat Schmid, Jason M. Tomlinson, Hardeep S. Mehta, Xena Mansoura, Zezhen Cheng, Gregory W. Vandergrift, Nurun Nahar Lata, Swarup China, and Zihua Zhu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3425–3444, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3425-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3425-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study highlights the unique capability of the ArcticShark, an uncrewed aerial system, in measuring vertically resolved atmospheric properties. Data from 32 research flights in 2023 reveal seasonal patterns and correlations with conventional measurements. The consistency and complementarity of in situ and remote sensing methods are highlighted. The study demonstrates the ArcticShark’s versatility in bridging data gaps and improving the understanding of vertical atmospheric structures.
Cassandra J. Gaston, Joseph M. Prospero, Kristen Foley, Havala O. T. Pye, Lillian Custals, Edmund Blades, Peter Sealy, and James A. Christie
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8049–8066, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8049-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8049-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To understand how changing emissions have impacted aerosols in remote regions, we measured nitrate and sulfate in Barbados and compared them to model predictions from EPA’s Air QUAlity TimE Series (EQUATES). Nitrate was stable, except for spikes in 2008 and 2010 due to transported smoke. Sulfate decreased in the 1990s due to reductions in sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the US and Europe; then it increased in the 2000s, likely due to anthropogenic emissions from Africa.
Natalie M. Mahowald, Longlei Li, Julius Vira, Marje Prank, Douglas S. Hamilton, Hitoshi Matsui, Ron L. Miller, Louis Lu, Ezgi Akyuz, Daphne Meidan, Peter Hess, Heikki Lihavainen, Christine Wiedinmyer, Jenny Hand, Maria Grazia Alaimo, Célia Alves, Andres Alastuey, Paulo Artaxo, Africa Barreto, Francisco Barraza, Silvia Becagli, Giulia Calzolai, Shankarararman Chellam, Ying Chen, Patrick Chuang, David D. Cohen, Cristina Colombi, Evangelia Diapouli, Gaetano Dongarra, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Corinne Galy-Lacaux, Cassandra Gaston, Dario Gomez, Yenny González Ramos, Hannele Hakola, Roy M. Harrison, Chris Heyes, Barak Herut, Philip Hopke, Christoph Hüglin, Maria Kanakidou, Zsofia Kertesz, Zbiginiw Klimont, Katriina Kyllönen, Fabrice Lambert, Xiaohong Liu, Remi Losno, Franco Lucarelli, Willy Maenhaut, Beatrice Marticorena, Randall V. Martin, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Yasser Morera-Gomez, Adina Paytan, Joseph Prospero, Sergio Rodríguez, Patricia Smichowski, Daniela Varrica, Brenna Walsh, Crystal Weagle, and Xi Zhao
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-1, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-1, 2024
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles can interact with incoming solar radiation and outgoing long wave radiation, change cloud properties, affect photochemistry, impact surface air quality, and when deposited impact surface albedo of snow and ice, and modulate carbon dioxide uptake by the land and ocean. Here we present a new compilation of aerosol observations including composition, a methodology for comparing the datasets to model output, and show the implications of these results using one model.
Guangyu Li, Elise K. Wilbourn, Zezhen Cheng, Jörg Wieder, Allison Fagerson, Jan Henneberger, Ghislain Motos, Rita Traversi, Sarah D. Brooks, Mauro Mazzola, Swarup China, Athanasios Nenes, Ulrike Lohmann, Naruki Hiranuma, and Zamin A. Kanji
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10489–10516, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10489-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10489-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we present results from an Arctic field campaign (NASCENT) in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, on the abundance, variability, physicochemical properties, and potential sources of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) relevant for mixed-phase cloud formation. This work improves the data coverage of Arctic INPs and aerosol properties, allowing for the validation of models predicting cloud microphysical and radiative properties of mixed-phase clouds in the rapidly warming Arctic.
Daniel A. Knopf, Peiwen Wang, Benny Wong, Jay M. Tomlin, Daniel P. Veghte, Nurun N. Lata, Swarup China, Alexander Laskin, Ryan C. Moffet, Josephine Y. Aller, Matthew A. Marcus, and Jian Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8659–8681, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8659-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8659-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ambient particle populations and associated ice-nucleating particles (INPs)
were examined from particle samples collected on board aircraft in the marine
boundary layer and free troposphere in the eastern North Atlantic during
summer and winter. Chemical imaging shows distinct differences in the
particle populations seasonally and with sampling altitudes, which are
reflected in the INP types. Freezing parameterizations are derived for
implementation in cloud-resolving and climate models.
Christopher R. Niedek, Fan Mei, Maria A. Zawadowicz, Zihua Zhu, Beat Schmid, and Qi Zhang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 955–968, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-955-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-955-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This novel micronebulization aerosol mass spectrometry (MS) technique requires a low sample volume (10 μL) and can quantify nanogram levels of organic and inorganic particulate matter (PM) components when used with 34SO4. This technique was successfully applied to PM samples collected from uncrewed atmospheric measurement platforms and provided chemical information that agrees well with real-time data from a co-located aerosol chemical speciation monitor and offline data from secondary ion MS.
Haley M. Royer, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ovid Krüger, Edmund Blades, Peter Sealy, Nurun Nahar Lata, Zezhen Cheng, Swarup China, Andrew P. Ault, Patricia K. Quinn, Paquita Zuidema, Christopher Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, Meinrat Andreae, and Cassandra J. Gaston
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 981–998, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-981-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-981-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents atmospheric particle chemical composition and measurements of aerosol water uptake properties collected at Ragged Point, Barbados, during the winter of 2020. The result of this study indicates the importance of small African smoke particles for cloud droplet formation in the tropical North Atlantic and highlights the large spatial and temporal pervasiveness of smoke over the Atlantic Ocean.
Qianjie Chen, Jessica A. Mirrielees, Sham Thanekar, Nicole A. Loeb, Rachel M. Kirpes, Lucia M. Upchurch, Anna J. Barget, Nurun Nahar Lata, Angela R. W. Raso, Stephen M. McNamara, Swarup China, Patricia K. Quinn, Andrew P. Ault, Aaron Kennedy, Paul B. Shepson, Jose D. Fuentes, and Kerri A. Pratt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15263–15285, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15263-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15263-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
During a spring field campaign in the coastal Arctic, ultrafine particles were enhanced during high wind speeds, and coarse-mode particles were reduced during blowing snow. Calculated periods blowing snow were overpredicted compared to observations. Sea spray aerosols produced by sea ice leads affected the composition of aerosols and snowpack. An improved understanding of aerosol emissions from leads and blowing snow is critical for predicting the future climate of the rapidly warming Arctic.
Alexander D. Harrison, Daniel O'Sullivan, Michael P. Adams, Grace C. E. Porter, Edmund Blades, Cherise Brathwaite, Rebecca Chewitt-Lucas, Cassandra Gaston, Rachel Hawker, Ovid O. Krüger, Leslie Neve, Mira L. Pöhlker, Christopher Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, Alberto Sanchez-Marroquin, Andrea Sealy, Peter Sealy, Mark D. Tarn, Shanice Whitehall, James B. McQuaid, Kenneth S. Carslaw, Joseph M. Prospero, and Benjamin J. Murray
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9663–9680, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9663-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9663-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The formation of ice in clouds fundamentally alters cloud properties; hence it is important we understand the special aerosol particles that can nucleate ice when immersed in supercooled cloud droplets. In this paper we show that African desert dust that has travelled across the Atlantic to the Caribbean nucleates ice much less well than we might have expected.
Zezhen Cheng, Megan Morgenstern, Bo Zhang, Matthew Fraund, Nurun Nahar Lata, Rhenton Brimberry, Matthew A. Marcus, Lynn Mazzoleni, Paulo Fialho, Silvia Henning, Birgit Wehner, Claudio Mazzoleni, and Swarup China
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9033–9057, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9033-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9033-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We observed a high abundance of liquid and internally mixed particles in samples collected in the North Atlantic free troposphere during summer. We also found several solid and semisolid particles for different emission sources and transport patterns. Our results suggest that considering the mixing state, emission source, and transport patterns of particles is necessary to estimate their phase state in the free troposphere, which is critical for predicting their effects on climate.
Daniel A. Knopf, Joseph C. Charnawskas, Peiwen Wang, Benny Wong, Jay M. Tomlin, Kevin A. Jankowski, Matthew Fraund, Daniel P. Veghte, Swarup China, Alexander Laskin, Ryan C. Moffet, Mary K. Gilles, Josephine Y. Aller, Matthew A. Marcus, Shira Raveh-Rubin, and Jian Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5377–5398, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5377-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5377-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Marine boundary layer aerosols collected in the remote region of the eastern North Atlantic induce immersion freezing and deposition ice nucleation under typical mixed-phase and cirrus cloud conditions. Corresponding ice nucleation parameterizations for model applications have been derived. Chemical imaging of ambient aerosol and ice-nucleating particles demonstrates that the latter is dominated by sea salt and organics while also representing a major particle type in the particle population.
Jay M. Tomlin, Kevin A. Jankowski, Daniel P. Veghte, Swarup China, Peiwen Wang, Matthew Fraund, Johannes Weis, Guangjie Zheng, Yang Wang, Felipe Rivera-Adorno, Shira Raveh-Rubin, Daniel A. Knopf, Jian Wang, Mary K. Gilles, Ryan C. Moffet, and Alexander Laskin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18123–18146, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18123-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18123-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Analysis of individual atmospheric particles shows that aerosol transported from North America during meteorological dry intrusion episodes may have a substantial impact on the mixing state and particle-type population over the mid-Atlantic, as organic contribution and particle-type diversity are significantly enhanced during these periods. These observations need to be considered in current atmospheric models.
Bjorn Stevens, Sandrine Bony, David Farrell, Felix Ament, Alan Blyth, Christopher Fairall, Johannes Karstensen, Patricia K. Quinn, Sabrina Speich, Claudia Acquistapace, Franziska Aemisegger, Anna Lea Albright, Hugo Bellenger, Eberhard Bodenschatz, Kathy-Ann Caesar, Rebecca Chewitt-Lucas, Gijs de Boer, Julien Delanoë, Leif Denby, Florian Ewald, Benjamin Fildier, Marvin Forde, Geet George, Silke Gross, Martin Hagen, Andrea Hausold, Karen J. Heywood, Lutz Hirsch, Marek Jacob, Friedhelm Jansen, Stefan Kinne, Daniel Klocke, Tobias Kölling, Heike Konow, Marie Lothon, Wiebke Mohr, Ann Kristin Naumann, Louise Nuijens, Léa Olivier, Robert Pincus, Mira Pöhlker, Gilles Reverdin, Gregory Roberts, Sabrina Schnitt, Hauke Schulz, A. Pier Siebesma, Claudia Christine Stephan, Peter Sullivan, Ludovic Touzé-Peiffer, Jessica Vial, Raphaela Vogel, Paquita Zuidema, Nicola Alexander, Lyndon Alves, Sophian Arixi, Hamish Asmath, Gholamhossein Bagheri, Katharina Baier, Adriana Bailey, Dariusz Baranowski, Alexandre Baron, Sébastien Barrau, Paul A. Barrett, Frédéric Batier, Andreas Behrendt, Arne Bendinger, Florent Beucher, Sebastien Bigorre, Edmund Blades, Peter Blossey, Olivier Bock, Steven Böing, Pierre Bosser, Denis Bourras, Pascale Bouruet-Aubertot, Keith Bower, Pierre Branellec, Hubert Branger, Michal Brennek, Alan Brewer, Pierre-Etienne Brilouet, Björn Brügmann, Stefan A. Buehler, Elmo Burke, Ralph Burton, Radiance Calmer, Jean-Christophe Canonici, Xavier Carton, Gregory Cato Jr., Jude Andre Charles, Patrick Chazette, Yanxu Chen, Michal T. Chilinski, Thomas Choularton, Patrick Chuang, Shamal Clarke, Hugh Coe, Céline Cornet, Pierre Coutris, Fleur Couvreux, Susanne Crewell, Timothy Cronin, Zhiqiang Cui, Yannis Cuypers, Alton Daley, Gillian M. Damerell, Thibaut Dauhut, Hartwig Deneke, Jean-Philippe Desbios, Steffen Dörner, Sebastian Donner, Vincent Douet, Kyla Drushka, Marina Dütsch, André Ehrlich, Kerry Emanuel, Alexandros Emmanouilidis, Jean-Claude Etienne, Sheryl Etienne-Leblanc, Ghislain Faure, Graham Feingold, Luca Ferrero, Andreas Fix, Cyrille Flamant, Piotr Jacek Flatau, Gregory R. Foltz, Linda Forster, Iulian Furtuna, Alan Gadian, Joseph Galewsky, Martin Gallagher, Peter Gallimore, Cassandra Gaston, Chelle Gentemann, Nicolas Geyskens, Andreas Giez, John Gollop, Isabelle Gouirand, Christophe Gourbeyre, Dörte de Graaf, Geiske E. de Groot, Robert Grosz, Johannes Güttler, Manuel Gutleben, Kashawn Hall, George Harris, Kevin C. Helfer, Dean Henze, Calvert Herbert, Bruna Holanda, Antonio Ibanez-Landeta, Janet Intrieri, Suneil Iyer, Fabrice Julien, Heike Kalesse, Jan Kazil, Alexander Kellman, Abiel T. Kidane, Ulrike Kirchner, Marcus Klingebiel, Mareike Körner, Leslie Ann Kremper, Jan Kretzschmar, Ovid Krüger, Wojciech Kumala, Armin Kurz, Pierre L'Hégaret, Matthieu Labaste, Tom Lachlan-Cope, Arlene Laing, Peter Landschützer, Theresa Lang, Diego Lange, Ingo Lange, Clément Laplace, Gauke Lavik, Rémi Laxenaire, Caroline Le Bihan, Mason Leandro, Nathalie Lefevre, Marius Lena, Donald Lenschow, Qiang Li, Gary Lloyd, Sebastian Los, Niccolò Losi, Oscar Lovell, Christopher Luneau, Przemyslaw Makuch, Szymon Malinowski, Gaston Manta, Eleni Marinou, Nicholas Marsden, Sebastien Masson, Nicolas Maury, Bernhard Mayer, Margarette Mayers-Als, Christophe Mazel, Wayne McGeary, James C. McWilliams, Mario Mech, Melina Mehlmann, Agostino Niyonkuru Meroni, Theresa Mieslinger, Andreas Minikin, Peter Minnett, Gregor Möller, Yanmichel Morfa Avalos, Caroline Muller, Ionela Musat, Anna Napoli, Almuth Neuberger, Christophe Noisel, David Noone, Freja Nordsiek, Jakub L. Nowak, Lothar Oswald, Douglas J. Parker, Carolyn Peck, Renaud Person, Miriam Philippi, Albert Plueddemann, Christopher Pöhlker, Veronika Pörtge, Ulrich Pöschl, Lawrence Pologne, Michał Posyniak, Marc Prange, Estefanía Quiñones Meléndez, Jule Radtke, Karim Ramage, Jens Reimann, Lionel Renault, Klaus Reus, Ashford Reyes, Joachim Ribbe, Maximilian Ringel, Markus Ritschel, Cesar B. Rocha, Nicolas Rochetin, Johannes Röttenbacher, Callum Rollo, Haley Royer, Pauline Sadoulet, Leo Saffin, Sanola Sandiford, Irina Sandu, Michael Schäfer, Vera Schemann, Imke Schirmacher, Oliver Schlenczek, Jerome Schmidt, Marcel Schröder, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Andrea Sealy, Christoph J. Senff, Ilya Serikov, Samkeyat Shohan, Elizabeth Siddle, Alexander Smirnov, Florian Späth, Branden Spooner, M. Katharina Stolla, Wojciech Szkółka, Simon P. de Szoeke, Stéphane Tarot, Eleni Tetoni, Elizabeth Thompson, Jim Thomson, Lorenzo Tomassini, Julien Totems, Alma Anna Ubele, Leonie Villiger, Jan von Arx, Thomas Wagner, Andi Walther, Ben Webber, Manfred Wendisch, Shanice Whitehall, Anton Wiltshire, Allison A. Wing, Martin Wirth, Jonathan Wiskandt, Kevin Wolf, Ludwig Worbes, Ethan Wright, Volker Wulfmeyer, Shanea Young, Chidong Zhang, Dongxiao Zhang, Florian Ziemen, Tobias Zinner, and Martin Zöger
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4067–4119, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The EUREC4A field campaign, designed to test hypothesized mechanisms by which clouds respond to warming and benchmark next-generation Earth-system models, is presented. EUREC4A comprised roughly 5 weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic – eastward and southeastward of Barbados. It was the first campaign that attempted to characterize the full range of processes and scales influencing trade wind clouds.
Patricia K. Quinn, Elizabeth J. Thompson, Derek J. Coffman, Sunil Baidar, Ludovic Bariteau, Timothy S. Bates, Sebastien Bigorre, Alan Brewer, Gijs de Boer, Simon P. de Szoeke, Kyla Drushka, Gregory R. Foltz, Janet Intrieri, Suneil Iyer, Chris W. Fairall, Cassandra J. Gaston, Friedhelm Jansen, James E. Johnson, Ovid O. Krüger, Richard D. Marchbanks, Kenneth P. Moran, David Noone, Sergio Pezoa, Robert Pincus, Albert J. Plueddemann, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, Estefania Quinones Melendez, Haley M. Royer, Malgorzata Szczodrak, Jim Thomson, Lucia M. Upchurch, Chidong Zhang, Dongxiao Zhang, and Paquita Zuidema
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1759–1790, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1759-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1759-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
ATOMIC took place in the northwestern tropical Atlantic during January and February of 2020 to gather information on shallow atmospheric convection, the effects of aerosols and clouds on the ocean surface energy budget, and mesoscale oceanic processes. Measurements made from the NOAA RV Ronald H. Brown and assets it deployed (instrumented mooring and uncrewed seagoing vehicles) are described herein to advance widespread use of the data by the ATOMIC and broader research communities.
Gourihar Kulkarni, Naruki Hiranuma, Ottmar Möhler, Kristina Höhler, Swarup China, Daniel J. Cziczo, and Paul J. DeMott
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6631–6643, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6631-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6631-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a new continuous-flow-diffusion-chamber-style operated ice chamber (Modified Compact Ice Chamber, MCIC) to measure the immersion-freezing efficiency of atmospheric particles. MCIC allowed us to obtain maximum droplet-freezing efficiency at higher time resolution without droplet breakthrough ambiguity. Its evaluation was performed by reproducing published data from the recent ice nucleation workshop and past laboratory data for standard and airborne ice-nucleating particles.
Matthew Fraund, Daniel J. Bonanno, Swarup China, Don Q. Pham, Daniel Veghte, Johannes Weis, Gourihar Kulkarni, Ken Teske, Mary K. Gilles, Alexander Laskin, and Ryan C. Moffet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11593–11606, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11593-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11593-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
High viscosity organic particles (HVOPs) in the Southern Great Plains have been analyzed, and two particle types were found. Previously studied tar balls and the recently discovered airborne soil organic particles (ASOPs) are both shown to be brown carbon (BrC). These particle types can be identified in bulk by an absorption Ångström exponent approaching 2.6. HVOP types can be differentiated by comparing carbon absorption spectrum peak ratios between the carboxylic acid, alcohol, and sp2 peaks.
Samantha J. Kramer, Claudia Alvarez, Anne E. Barkley, Peter R. Colarco, Lillian Custals, Rodrigo Delgadillo, Cassandra J. Gaston, Ravi Govindaraju, and Paquita Zuidema
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10047–10062, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10047-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10047-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Comparisons of sea salt and size-resolved dust mass concentration measurements over southeast Florida to those from the MERRA-2/GEOS-5 FP aerosol reanalysis show the reanalysis depicts excessive sea salt and puts too much dust in larger intermediate sizes than do the measurements. The vertical distribution of the dust mass is approximately correct. The incorrect reanalysis aerosol speciation and dust sizes have implications for the modeling of their transport, deposition, and radiative impact.
Cited articles
Abdelkader, M., Metzger, S., Mamouri, R. E., Astitha, M., Barrie, L., Levin, Z., and Lelieveld, J.: Dust–air pollution dynamics over the eastern Mediterranean, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9173–9189, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9173-2015, 2015.
Abdelkader, M., Metzger, S., Steil, B., Klingmüller, K., Tost, H., Pozzer, A., Stenchikov, G., Barrie, L., and Lelieveld, J.: Sensitivity of transatlantic dust transport to chemical aging and related atmospheric processes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3799–3821, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3799-2017, 2017.
Albrecht, B. A.: Aerosols, cloud microphysics, and fractional cloudiness, Science, 245, 1227–1230, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.245.4923.1227, 1989.
Andreae, M. O.: Soot Carbon and Excess Fine Potassium: Long-Range Transport of Combustion-Derived Aerosols, Science, 220, 1148–1151, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.220.4602.1148, 1983.
Andreae, M. O., Charlson, R. J., Bruynseels, F., Storms, H., Grieken, R. Van, and Maenhaut, W.: Internal Mixture of Sea Salt, Silicates, and Excess Sulfate in Marine Aerosols, Science, 232, 1620–1623, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.232.4758.1620, 1986.
Andreae, M. O., Elbert, W., Gabriel, R., Johnson, D. W., Osborne, S., and Wood, R.: Soluble ion chemistry of the atmospheric aerosol and SO2 concentrations over the eastern North Atlantic during ACE-2, Tellus B, 52, 1066–1087, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v52i4.17087, 2000.
Archibald, A. T., Witham, C. S., Ashfold, M. J., Manning, A. J., O'Doherty, S., Greally, B. R., Young, D., and Shallcross, D. E.: Long-term high frequency measurements of ethane, benzene and methyl chloride at Ragged Point, Barbados: Identification of long-range transport events, Elementa, 3, 68, https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000068, 2015.
Archuleta, C. M., DeMott, P. J., and Kreidenweis, S. M.: Ice nucleation by surrogates for atmospheric mineral dust and mineral dust/sulfate particles at cirrus temperatures, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2617–2634, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2617-2005, 2005.
Ault, A. P., Peters, T. M., Sawvel, E. J., Casuccio, G. S., Willis, R. D., Norris, G. A., and Grassian, V. H.: Single-Particle SEM-EDX Analysis of Iron-Containing Coarse Particulate Matter in an Urban Environment: Sources and Distribution of Iron within Cleveland, Ohio, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 4331–4339, https://doi.org/10.1021/es204006k, 2012.
Ault, A. P., Moffet, R. C., Baltrusaitis, J., Collins, D. B., Ruppel, M. J., Cuadra-Rodriguez, L. A., Zhao, D., Guasco, T. L., Ebben, C. J., Geiger, F. M., Bertram, T. H., Prather, K. A., and Grassian, V. H.: Size-Dependent Changes in Sea Spray Aerosol Composition and Properties with Different Seawater Conditions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 5603–5612, https://doi.org/10.1021/es400416g, 2013.
Ault, A. P., Guasco, T. L., Baltrusaitis, J., Ryder, O. S., Trueblood, J. V, Collins, D. B., Ruppel, M. J., Cuadra-Rodriguez, L. A., Prather, K. A., and Grassian, V. H.: Heterogeneous Reactivity of Nitric Acid with Nascent Sea Spray Aerosol: Large Differences Observed between and within Individual Particles, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 5, 2493–2500, https://doi.org/10.1021/jz5008802, 2014.
Baker, A. R. and Jickells, T. D.: Mineral particle size as a control on aerosol iron solubility, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, 1–4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026557, 2006.
Balkanski, Y., Schulz, M., Claquin, T., and Guibert, S.: Reevaluation of Mineral aerosol radiative forcings suggests a better agreement with satellite and AERONET data, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 81–95, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-81-2007, 2007.
Barkley, A. E., Prospero, J. M., Mahowald, N., Hamilton, D. S., Popendorf, K. J., Oehlert, A. M., Pourmand, A., Gatineau, A., Panechou-Pulcherie, K., Blackwelder, P., and Gaston, C. J.: African biomass burning is a substantial source of phosphorus deposition to the Amazon, Tropical Atlantic Ocean, and Southern Ocean, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116, 16216–16221, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1906091116, 2019.
Bauer, S. E., Mishchenko, M. I., Lacis, A. A., Zhang, S., Perlwitz, J., and Metzger, S. M.: Do sulfate and nitrate coatings on mineral dust have important effects on radiative properties and climate modeling?, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, D06307, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006977, 2007.
Behnke, W., George, C., Scheer, V., and Zetzsch, C.: Production and decay of ClNO2 from the reaction of gaseous N2O5 with NaCl solution: Bulk and aerosol experiments, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 102, 3795–3804, https://doi.org/10.1029/96jd03057, 1997.
Bondy, A. L., Wang, B., Laskin, A., Craig, R. L., Nhliziyo, M. V, Bertman, S. B., Pratt, K. A., Shepson, P. B., and Ault, A. P.: Inland Sea Spray Aerosol Transport and Incomplete Chloride Depletion: Varying Degrees of Reactive Processing Observed during SOAS, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 9533–9542, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02085, 2017.
Bondy, A. L., Bonanno, D., Moffet, R. C., Wang, B., Laskin, A., and Ault, A. P.: The diverse chemical mixing state of aerosol particles in the southeastern United States, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 12595–12612, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12595-2018, 2018.
Carlson, T. N. and Prospero, J. M.: The Large-Scale Movement of Saharan Air Outbreaks over the Northern Equatorial Atlantic, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 11, 283–297, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1972)011<0283:TLSMOS>2.0.CO;2, 1972.
Chen, Y. and Siefert, R. L.: Seasonal and spatial distributions and dry deposition fluxes of atmospheric total and labile iron over the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D09305, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003958, 2004.
Chen, Y. Z., Wang, Z. Y., Fang, Z. Y., Huang, C. P., Xu, H., Zhang, H. H., Zhang, T. Y., Wang, F., Luo, L., Shi, G. L., Wang, X. M., and Tang, M. J.: Dominant contribution of non-dust primary emissions and secondary processes to dissolved aerosol iron, Environ. Sci. Technol., 58, 17355–17363, 2024.
Chiapello, I., Bergametti, G., Gomes, L., Chatenet, B., Dulac, F., Pimenta, J., and Suares, E. S.: An additional low layer transport of Sahelian and Saharan dust over the north-eastern Tropical Atlantic, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 3191–3194, https://doi.org/10.1029/95GL03313, 1995.
Choël, M., Deboudt, K., Flament, P., Aimoz, L., and Mériaux, X.: Single-particle analysis of atmospheric aerosols at Cape Gris-Nez, English Channel: Influence of steel works on iron apportionment, Atmos. Environ., 41, 2820–2830, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.11.038, 2007.
Cziczo, D. J., Murphy, D. M., Hudson, P. K., and Thomson, D. S.: Single particle measurements of the chemical composition of cirrus ice residue during CRYSTAL-FACE, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D04201, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004032, 2004.
DeMott, P. J., Sassen, K., Poellot, M. R., Baumgardner, D., Rogers, D. C., Brooks, S. D., Prenni, A. J., and Kreidenweis, S. M.: African dust aerosols as atmospheric ice nuclei, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1732, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL017410, 2003.
Denjean, C., Caquineau, S., Desboeufs, K., Laurent, B., Maille, M., Quiñones Rosado, M., Vallejo, P., Mayol-Bracero, O. L., and Formenti, P.: Long-range transport across the Atlantic in summertime does not enhance the hygroscopicity of African mineral dust, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 7835–7843, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065693, 2015.
Desboeufs, K., Formenti, P., Torres-Sánchez, R., Schepanski, K., Chaboureau, J.-P., Andersen, H., Cermak, J., Feuerstein, S., Laurent, B., Klopper, D., Namwoonde, A., Cazaunau, M., Chevaillier, S., Feron, A., Mirande-Bret, C., Triquet, S., and Piketh, S. J.: Fractional solubility of iron in mineral dust aerosols over coastal Namibia: a link to marine biogenic emissions?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1525–1541, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1525-2024, 2024.
Elliott, H. E., Popendorf, K. J., Blades, E., Royer, H. M., Pollier, C. G. L., Oehlert, A. M., Kukkadapu, R., Ault, A., and Gaston, C. J.: Godzilla mineral dust and La Soufrière volcanic ash fallout immediately stimulate marine microbial phosphate uptake, Front. Mar. Sci., 10, 1308689, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1308689, 2024.
Fitzgerald, E., Ault, A. P., Zauscher, M. D., Mayol-Bracero, O. L., and Prather, K. A.: Comparison of the mixing state of long-range transported Asian and African mineral dust, Atmos. Environ., 115, 19–25, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.04.031, 2015.
Gaston, C. J.: Re-examining Dust Chemical Aging and Its Impacts on Earth's Climate, Accounts Chem. Res., 53, 1005–1013, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00102, 2020.
Gaston, C. J., Pratt, K. A., Qin, X., and Prather, K. A.: Real-time detection and mixing state of methanesulfonate in single particles at an inland urban location during a phytoplankton bloom, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 1566–1572, https://doi.org/10.1021/es902069d, 2010.
Gaston, C. J., Furutani, H., Guazzotti, S. A., Coffee, K. R., Bates, T. S., Quinn, P. K., Aluwihare, L. I., Mitchell, B. G., and Prather, K. A.: Unique ocean-derived particles serve as a proxy for changes in ocean chemistry, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015289, 2011.
Gaston, C. J., Quinn, P. K., Bates, T. S., Gilman, J. B., Bon, D. M., Kuster, W. C., and Prather, K. A.: The impact of shipping, agricultural, and urban emissions on single particle chemistry observed aboard the R/V Atlantis during CalNex, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 5003–5017, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50427, 2013.
Gaston, C. J., Prospero, J. M., Foley, K., Pye, H. O. T., Custals, L., Blades, E., Sealy, P., and Christie, J. A.: Diverging trends in aerosol sulfate and nitrate measured in the remote North Atlantic in Barbados are attributed to clean air policies, African smoke, and anthropogenic emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8049–8066, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8049-2024, 2024.
Gibson, E. R., Gierlus, K. M., Hudson, P. K., and Grassian, V. H.: Generation of Internally Mixed Insoluble and Soluble Aerosol Particles to Investigate the Impact of Atmospheric Aging and Heterogeneous Processing on the CCN Activity of Mineral Dust Aerosol, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 41, 914–924, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820701557222, 2007.
Gierlus, K. M., Laskina, O., Abernathy, T. L., and Grassian, V. H.: Laboratory study of the effect of oxalic acid on the cloud condensation nuclei activity of mineral dust aerosol, Atmos. Environ., 46, 125–130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.10.027, 2012.
Gutleben, M., Groß, S., Heske, C., and Wirth, M.: Wintertime Saharan dust transport towards the Caribbean: an airborne lidar case study during EUREC4A, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7319–7330, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7319-2022, 2022.
Han, X., Zhang, M., Han, Z., Xin, J., and Liu, X.: Simulation of aerosol direct radiative forcing with RAMS-CMAQ in East Asia, Atmos. Environ., 45, 6576–6592, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.08.006, 2011.
Hand, V. L., Capes, G., Vaughan, D. J., Formenti, P., Haywood, J. M., and Coe, H.: Evidence of internal mixing of African dust and biomass burning particles by individual particle analysis using electron beam techniques, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D13301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012938, 2010.
Haywood, J., Francis, P., Osborne, S., Glew, M., Loeb, N., Highwood, E., Tanré, D., Myhre, G., Formenti, P., and Hirst, E.: Radiative properties and direct radiative effect of Saharan dust measured by the C-130 aircraft during SHADE: 1. Solar spectrum, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 8577, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002687, 2003.
Hickman, J. E., Andela, N., Tsigaridis, K., Galy-Lacaux, C., Ossohou, M., and Bauer, S. E.: Reductions in NO2 burden over north equatorial Africa from decline in biomass burning in spite of growing fossil fuel use, 2005 to 2017, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 118, e2002579118, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2002579118, 2021.
Hopkins, R. J., Desyaterik, Y., Tivanski, A. V, Zaveri, R. A., Berkowitz, C. M., Tyliszczak, T., Gilles, M. K., and Laskin, A.: Chemical speciation of sulfur in marine cloud droplets and particles: Analysis of individual particles from the marine boundary layer over the California current, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D04209, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008954, 2008.
Jickells, T. D., An, Z. S., Andersen, K. K., Baker, A. R., Bergametti, G., Brooks, N., Cao, J. J., Boyd, P. W., Duce, R. A., Hunter, K. A., Kawahata, H., Kubilay, N., laRoche, J., Liss, P. S., Mahowald, N., Prospero, J. M., Ridgwell, A. J., Tegen, I., and Torres, R.: Global Iron Connections Between Desert Dust, Ocean Biogeochemistry, and Climate, Science, 308, 67–71, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1105959, 2005.
Kandler, K., Lieke, K., Benker, N., Emmel, C., Küpper, M., Müller-Ebert, D., Ebert, M., Scheuvens, D., Schladitz, A., Schütz, L., and Weinbruch, S.: Electron microscopy of particles collected at Praia, Cape Verde, during the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment: particle chemistry, shape, mixing state and complex refractive index, Tellus B, 63, 475–496, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00550.x, 2011.
Kandler, K., Schneiders, K., Ebert, M., Hartmann, M., Weinbruch, S., Prass, M., and Pöhlker, C.: Composition and mixing state of atmospheric aerosols determined by electron microscopy: method development and application to aged Saharan dust deposition in the Caribbean boundary layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13429–13455, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13429-2018, 2018.
Kelly, J. T., Chuang, C. C., and Wexler, A. S.: Influence of dust composition on cloud droplet formation, Atmos. Environ., 41, 2904–2916, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.12.008, 2007.
Koehler, K. A., Kreidenweis, S. M., DeMott, P. J., Petters, M. D., Prenni, A. J., and Carrico, C. M.: Hygroscopicity and cloud droplet activation of mineral dust aerosol, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L08805, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL037348, 2009.
Krueger, B. J., Grassian, V. H., Laskin, A., and Cowin, J. P.: The transformation of solid atmospheric particles into liquid droplets through heterogeneous chemistry: Laboratory insights into the processing of calcium containing mineral dust aerosol in the troposphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1148, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016563, 2003.
Krueger, B. J., Grassian, V. H., Cowin, J. P., and Laskin, A.: Heterogeneous chemistry of individual mineral dust particles from different dust source regions: The importance of particle mineralogy, Atmos. Environ., 38, 6253–6261, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.07.010, 2004.
Lance, S., Raatikainen, T., Onasch, T. B., Worsnop, D. R., Yu, X.-Y., Alexander, M. L., Stolzenburg, M. R., McMurry, P. H., Smith, J. N., and Nenes, A.: Aerosol mixing state, hygroscopic growth and cloud activation efficiency during MIRAGE 2006, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5049–5062, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5049-2013, 2013.
Laskin, A., Wietsma, T. W., Krueger, B. J., and Grassian, V. H.: Heterogeneous chemistry of individual mineral dust particles with nitric acid: A combined CCSEM/EDX, ESEM, and ICP-MS study, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D10208, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005206, 2005.
Laskin, A., Moffet, R. C., Gilles, M. K., Fast, J. D., Zaveri, R. A., Wang, B., Nigge, P., and Shutthanandan, J.: Tropospheric chemistry of internally mixed sea salt and organic particles: Surprising reactivity of NaCl with weak organic acids, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D15302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017743, 2012.
Levin, Z., Ganor, E., and Gladstein, V.: The Effects of Desert Particles Coated with Sulfate on Rain Formation in the Eastern Mediterranean, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 35, 1511–1523, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1996)035<1511:TEODPC>2.0.CO;2, 1996.
Levin, Z., Teller, A., Ganor, E., and Yin, Y.: On the interactions of mineral dust, sea-salt particles, and clouds: A measurement and modeling study from the Mediterranean Israeli Dust Experiment campaign, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D20202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD005810, 2005.
Li, J., Pósfai, M., Hobbs, P. V, and Buseck, P. R.: Individual aerosol particles from biomass burning in southern Africa: 2, Compositions and aging of inorganic particles, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 8484, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002310, 2003.
Li, W., Shao, L., Shi, Z., Chen, J., Yang, L., Yuan, Q., Yan, C., Zhang, X., Wang, Y., Sun, J., Zhang, Y., Shen, X., Wang, Z., and Wang, W.: Mixing state and hygroscopicity of dust and haze particles before leaving Asian continent, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 1044–1059, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD021003, 2014.
Li, Y., Zhou, Y., Guo, W., Zhang, X., Huang, Y., He, E., Li, R., Yan, B., Wang, H., Mei, F., Liu, M., and Zhu, Z.: Molecular Imaging Reveals Two Distinct Mixing States of PM2.5 Particles Sampled in a Typical Beijing Winter Pollution Case, Environ. Sci. Technol., 57, 6273–6283, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c08694, 2023.
Li-Jones, X. and Prospero, J. M.: Variations in the size distribution of non-sea-salt sulfate aerosol in the marine boundary layer at Barbados: Impact of African dust, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 16073–16084, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD00883, 1998.
Ma, C.-J., Tohno, S., Kasahara, M., and Hayakawa, S.: Properties of the size-resolved and individual cloud droplets collected in western Japan during the Asian dust storm event, Atmos. Environ., 38, 4519–4529, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.05.032, 2004.
Mahowald, N.: Aerosol Indirect Effect on Biogeochemical Cycles and Climate, Science, 334, 794–796, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1207374, 2011.
Metzger, S., Mihalopoulos, N., and Lelieveld, J.: Importance of mineral cations and organics in gas-aerosol partitioning of reactive nitrogen compounds: case study based on MINOS results, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 2549–2567, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-2549-2006, 2006.
Myhre, G. and Stordal, F.: Global sensitivity experiment of the radiative forcing due to mineral aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 18193–18204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900536, 2001.
Nenes, A., Krom, M. D., Mihalopoulos, N., Van Cappellen, P., Shi, Z., Bougiatioti, A., Zarmpas, P., and Herut, B.: Atmospheric acidification of mineral aerosols: a source of bioavailable phosphorus for the oceans, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6265–6272, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-6265-2011, 2011.
Olson, N. E., May, N. W., Kirpes, R. M., Watson, A. E., Hajny, K. D., Slade, J. H., Shepson, P. B., Stirm, B. H., Pratt, K. A., and Ault, A. P.: Lake spray aerosol incorporated into Great Lakes Clouds, ACS Earth Space Chem., 3, 2765–2774, 2019.
Pringle, K. J., Tost, H., Pozzer, A., Pöschl, U., and Lelieveld, J.: Global distribution of the effective aerosol hygroscopicity parameter for CCN activation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 5241–5255, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5241-2010, 2010.
Prospero, J. M.: Atmospheric dust studies on Barbados, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 49, 645–652, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477-49.6.645, 1968.
Prospero, J. M.: Long-range transport of mineral dust in the global atmosphere: Impact of African dust on the environment of the southeastern United States, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 3396–3403, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.7.3396, 1999.
Prospero, J. M. and Mayol-Bracero, O. L.: Understanding the transport and impact of African dust on the Caribbean Basin, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 94, 1329–1337, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00142.1, 2013.
Prospero, J. M., Blades, E., Mathison, G., and Naidu, R.: Interhemispheric transport of viable fungi and bacteria from Africa to the Caribbean with soil dust, Aerobiologia, 21, 1–19, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-004-5872-7, 2005.
Prospero, J. M., Delany, A. C., Delany, A. C., and Carlson, T. N.: The Discovery of African Dust Transport to the Western Hemisphere and the Saharan Air Layer: A History, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 102, E1239–E1260, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0309.1, 2021.
Quinn, P. K., Thompson, E. J., Coffman, D. J., Baidar, S., Bariteau, L., Bates, T. S., Bigorre, S., Brewer, A., de Boer, G., de Szoeke, S. P., Drushka, K., Foltz, G. R., Intrieri, J., Iyer, S., Fairall, C. W., Gaston, C. J., Jansen, F., Johnson, J. E., Krüger, O. O., Marchbanks, R. D., Moran, K. P., Noone, D., Pezoa, S., Pincus, R., Plueddemann, A. J., Pöhlker, M. L., Pöschl, U., Quinones Melendez, E., Royer, H. M., Szczodrak, M., Thomson, J., Upchurch, L. M., Zhang, C., Zhang, D., and Zuidema, P.: Measurements from the RV Ronald H. Brown and related platforms as part of the Atlantic Tradewind Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Interaction Campaign (ATOMIC), Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1759–1790, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1759-2021, 2021.
Rickly, P. S., Guo, H., Campuzano-Jost, P., Jimenez, J. L., Wolfe, G. M., Bennett, R., Bourgeois, I., Crounse, J. D., Dibb, J. E., DiGangi, J. P., Diskin, G. S., Dollner, M., Gargulinski, E. M., Hall, S. R., Halliday, H. S., Hanisco, T. F., Hannun, R. A., Liao, J., Moore, R., Nault, B. A., Nowak, J. B., Peischl, J., Robinson, C. E., Ryerson, T., Sanchez, K. J., Schöberl, M., Soja, A. J., St. Clair, J. M., Thornhill, K. L., Ullmann, K., Wennberg, P. O., Weinzierl, B., Wiggins, E. B., Winstead, E. L., and Rollins, A. W.: Emission factors and evolution of SO2 measured from biomass burning in wildfires and agricultural fires, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15603–15620, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15603-2022, 2022.
Rodríguez, S., Alastuey, A., Alonso-Pérez, S., Querol, X., Cuevas, E., Abreu-Afonso, J., Viana, M., Pérez, N., Pandolfi, M., and de la Rosa, J.: Transport of desert dust mixed with North African industrial pollutants in the subtropical Saharan Air Layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6663–6685, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-6663-2011, 2011.
Rodríguez, S., Prospero, J.M., López-Darias, J., García-Alvarez, M.-I., Zuidema, P., Nava, S., Lucarelli, F., Gaston, C. J., Galindo, L., and Sosa, E.: Tracking the changes of iron solubility and air pollutants traces as African dust transits the Atlantic in the Saharan dust outbreaks, Atmos. Environ., 246, 118092, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.118092, 2021.
Rosenfeld, D., Rudich, Y., and Lahav, R.: Desert dust suppressing precipitation: A possible desertification feedback loop, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 98, 5975–5980, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.101122798, 2001.
Royer, H. M., Pöhlker, M. L., Krüger, O., Blades, E., Sealy, P., Lata, N. N., Cheng, Z., China, S., Ault, A. P., Quinn, P. K., Zuidema, P., Pöhlker, C., Pöschl, U., Andreae, M., and Gaston, C. J.: African smoke particles act as cloud condensation nuclei in the wintertime tropical North Atlantic boundary layer over Barbados, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 981–998, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-981-2023, 2023.
Royer, H. M., Sheridan, M., Elliott, H. E., Blades, E., Lata, N. N., Cheng, Z., China, S., Zhu, Z., Ault, A., and Gaston, C. J.: Bulk and size-resolved dust, nitrate, non-sea salt sulfate, and oxalate aerosol mass concentrations measured at Ragged Point, Barbados from January 20–February 20, 2020, University of Miami Libraries [data set], https://doi.org/10.17604/xgaz-cb40, 2025.
Ryder, C. L., Marenco, F., Brooke, J. K., Estelles, V., Cotton, R., Formenti, P., McQuaid, J. B., Price, H. C., Liu, D., Ausset, P., Rosenberg, P. D., Taylor, J. W., Choularton, T., Bower, K., Coe, H., Gallagher, M., Crosier, J., Lloyd, G., Highwood, E. J., and Murray, B. J.: Coarse-mode mineral dust size distributions, composition and optical properties from AER-D aircraft measurements over the tropical eastern Atlantic, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 17225–17257, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17225-2018, 2018.
Savoie, D. L. and Prospero, J. M.: Particle size distribution of nitrate and sulfate in the marine atmosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 9, 1207–1210, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL009i010p01207, 1982.
Savoie, D. L., Arimoto, R., Keene, W. C., Prospero, J. M., Duce, R. A., and Galloway, J. N.: Marine biogenic and anthropogenic contributions to non-sea-salt sulfate in the marine boundary layer over the North Atlantic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, AAC 3-1–AAC 3-21, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000970, 2002.
Shen, H., Peters, T. M., Casuccio, G. S., Lersch, T. L., West, R. R., Kumar, A., Kumar, N., and Ault, A. P.: Elevated Concentrations of Lead in Particulate Matter on the Neighborhood-Scale in Delhi, India As Determined by Single Particle Analysis, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 4961–4970, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b06202, 2016.
Shi, Z., Zhang, D., Hayashi, M., Ogata, H., Ji, H., and Fujiie, W.: Influences of sulfate and nitrate on the hygroscopic behaviour of coarse dust particles, Atmos. Environ., 42, 822–827, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.10.037, 2008.
Sobanska, S., Coeur, C., Maenhaut, W., and Adams, F.: SEM-EDX Characterisation of Tropospheric Aerosols in the Negev Desert (Israel), J. Atmos. Chem., 44, 299–322, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022969302107, 2003.
Sokolik, I. N., Winker, D. M., Bergametti, G., Gillette, D. A., Carmichael, G., Kaufman, Y. J., Gomes, L., Schuetz, L., and Penner, J. E.: Introduction to special section: Outstanding problems in quantifying the radiative impacts of mineral dust, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 18015–18027, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900498, 2001.
Spokes, L. J. and Jickells, T. D.: Factors controlling the solubility of aerosol trace metals in the atmosphere and on mixing into seawater, Aquat. Geochem., 1, 355–374, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00702739, 1995.
Stein, A. F., Draxler, R. R., Rolph, G. D., Stunder, B. J. B., Cohen, M. D., and Ngan, F.: NOAA's HYSPLIT atmospheric transport and dispersion modeling system, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 2059–2077, 2015.
Stockdale, A., Krom, M. D., Mortimer, R. J. G., Benning, L. G., Carslaw, K. S., Herbert, R. J., Shi, Z., Myriokefalitakis, S., Kanakidou, M., and Nenes, A.: Understanding the nature of atmospheric acid processing of mineral dusts in supplying bioavailable phosphorus to the oceans, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 14639–14644, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1608136113, 2016.
Sullivan, R. C. and Prather, K. A.: Investigations of the diurnal cycle and mixing state of oxalic acid in individual particles in Asian aerosol outflow, Environ. Sc. Technol., 41, 8062–8069, https://doi.org/10.1021/es071134g, 2007.
Sullivan, R. C., Guazzotti, S. A., Sodeman, D. A., and Prather, K. A.: Direct observations of the atmospheric processing of Asian mineral dust, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1213–1236, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1213-2007, 2007.
Sullivan, R. C., Moore, M. J. K., Petters, M. D., Kreidenweis, S. M., Roberts, G. C., and Prather, K. A.: Effect of chemical mixing state on the hygroscopicity and cloud nucleation properties of calcium mineral dust particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3303–3316, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-3303-2009, 2009.
Tang, M. J., Cziczo, D. J., and Grassian, V. H.: Interactions of water with mineral dust aerosol: Water adsorption, hygroscopicity, cloud condensation and ice nucleation, Chem. Rev., 116, 4205–4259, 2016.
Tegen, I.: Modeling the mineral dust aerosol cycle in the climate system, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 22, 1821–1834, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00163-X, 2003.
Tsamalis, C., Chédin, A., Pelon, J., and Capelle, V.: The seasonal vertical distribution of the Saharan Air Layer and its modulation by the wind, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 11235–11257, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-11235-2013, 2013.
Ullerstam, M., Vogt, R., Langer, S., and Ljungström, E.: The kinetics and mechanism of SO2 oxidation by O3 on mineral dust, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 4, 4694–4699, https://doi.org/10.1039/B203529B, 2002.
van Herpen, M. M. J. W., Li, Q., Saiz-Lopez, A., Liisberg, J. B., Röckmann, T., Cuevas, C. A., Fernandez, R. P., Mak, J. E., Mahowald, N. M., Hess, P., Meidan, D., Stuut, J.-B. W., and Johnson, M. S.: Photocatalytic chlorine atom production on mineral dust-sea spray aerosols over the North Atlantic, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 120, e2303974120, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2303974120, 2023.
Weinzierl, B., Ansmann, A., Prospero, J. M., Althausen, D., Benker, N., Chouza, F., Dollner, M., Farrell, D., Fomba, W. K., Freudenthaler, V., Gasteiger, J., Groß, S., Haarig, M., Heinold, B., Kandler, K., Kristensen, T. B., Mayol-Bracero, O. L., Müller, T., Reitebuch, O., Sauer, D., Schäfler, A., Schepanski, K., Spanu, A., Tegen, I., Toledano, C., and Walser, A.: The Saharan Aerosol Long-Range Transport and Aerosol–Cloud-Interaction Experiment: Overview and Selected Highlights, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 98 1427–1451, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00142.1, 2017.
Wu, Z., Birmili, W., Poulain, L., Wang, Z., Merkel, M., Fahlbusch, B., van Pinxteren, D., Herrmann, H., and Wiedensohler, A.: Particle hygroscopicity during atmospheric new particle formation events: implications for the chemical species contributing to particle growth, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6637–6646, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6637-2013, 2013.
Wurzler, S., Reisin, T. G., and Levin, Z.: Modification of mineral dust particles by cloud processing and subsequent effects on drop size distributions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 105, 4501–4512, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD900980, 2000.
Zhang, H., Li, R., Huang, C., Li, X., Dong, S., Wang, F., Li, T., Chen, Y., Zhang, G., Ren, Y., Chen, Q., Huang, R., Chen, S., Xue, T., Wang, X., and Tang, M.: Seasonal variation of aerosol iron solubility in coarse and fine particles at an inland city in northwestern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3543–3559, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3543-2023, 2023.
Zuidema, P., Alvarez, C., Kramer, S. J., Custals, L., Izaguirre, M., Sealy, P., Prospero, J. M., and Blades, E.: Is Summer African Dust Arriving Earlier to Barbados? The Updated Long-Term In Situ Dust Mass Concentration Time Series from Ragged Point, Barbados, and Miami, Florida, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 100, 1981–1986, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0083.1, 2019.
Short summary
Saharan dust transported across the Atlantic to the Caribbean, South America, and North America is hypothesized to undergo chemical processing by acids that enhances cloud droplet formation and nutrient availability. In this study, chemical analysis performed on African dust deposited over Barbados shows that acid tracers are found mostly on sea salt and smoke particles, rather than dust, indicating that dust particles undergo minimal chemical processing.
Saharan dust transported across the Atlantic to the Caribbean, South America, and North America...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint