Articles | Volume 25, issue 21
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-15359-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-15359-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
10 Nov 2025
Research article |
| 10 Nov 2025
| 10 Nov 2025
Chloric acid-driven nucleation enhanced by dimethylamine and sulfuric acid in the Arctic: mechanistic study
Shengming Wang
Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
Huidi Zhang
College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
Xiangli Shi
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
Qingzhu Zhang
Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
Wenxing Wang
Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
Qiao Wang
Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
Related authors
Shengming Wang, Xiangli Shi, Qingzhu Zhang, and Wenxing Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1986, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1986, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines how perchloric acid (HClO₄) promotes atmospheric new particle formation. Computational simulations reveal that dimethylamine (DMA) greatly enhances this process—far more effectively than ammonia or sulfuric acid, even at substantially lower concentrations. The DMA–HClO₄ interaction thus represents a previously overlooked source of marine aerosols, offering new insight into polar climate change.
Shengming Wang, Xiangli Shi, Qingzhu Zhang, and Wenxing Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1986, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1986, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines how perchloric acid (HClO₄) promotes atmospheric new particle formation. Computational simulations reveal that dimethylamine (DMA) greatly enhances this process—far more effectively than ammonia or sulfuric acid, even at substantially lower concentrations. The DMA–HClO₄ interaction thus represents a previously overlooked source of marine aerosols, offering new insight into polar climate change.
Jiangshan Mu, Chenliang Tao, Yuqiang Zhang, Zhou Liu, Yingnan Zhang, Na Zhao, Bin Luo, Qionghui Zhou, Qingzhu Zhang, Hongliang Zhang, and Likun Xue
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 18, 2999–3011, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-2999-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-2999-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen dioxide is a common air pollutant that varies strongly across space and time, yet consistent global information has been limited. We developed a new global dataset that describes daily nitrogen dioxide levels from 2005 to 2023 by combining satellite observations, weather data, and ground measurements using artificial intelligence. The dataset reveals long-term changes and regional patterns and provides a reliable resource for future air quality research.
Hongjin Wu, Juan Dang, Xiaomeng Zhang, Weichen Yang, Shuai Tian, Shibo Zhang, Qingzhu Zhang, and Wenxing Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 16435–16450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16435-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16435-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Terpinolene is an isomeride of limonene, with a high secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yield. The comparative analysis of OH-initiated (daytime) and NO3-driven (nocturnal) terpinolene oxidation mechanism, highlighted the formation of nitrogen-containing oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs), would be conducive to molecular structures identification of OOMs in atmospheric monitoring and atmospheric chemical model refinement.
Min Li, Xinfeng Wang, Tianshuai Li, Yujia Wang, Yueru Jiang, Yujiao Zhu, Wei Nie, Rui Li, Jian Gao, Likun Xue, Qingzhu Zhang, and Wenxing Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8407–8425, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8407-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8407-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
By integrating field measurements with an interpretable ensemble machine learning framework, we comprehensively identified key driving factors of nitro-aromatic compounds (NACs), demonstrated complex interrelationships, and quantified their contributions across different locations. This work provides a reliable modeling approach for recognizing causes of NAC pollution, enhances our understanding of variations of atmospheric NACs, and highlights the necessity of strengthening emission controls.
Yue Sun, Yujiao Zhu, Hengde Liu, Lanxiadi Chen, Hongyong Li, Yujian Bi, Di Wu, Xiangkun Yin, Can Cui, Ping Liu, Yu Yang, Jisheng Zhang, Yanqiu Nie, Lanxin Zhang, Jiangshan Mu, Yuhong Liu, Zhaoxin Guo, Qinyi Li, Yuqiang Zhang, Xinfeng Wang, Mingjin Tang, Wenxing Wang, and Likun Xue
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2855, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2855, 2025
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Rainwater samples collected at the summit of Mount Tai were analyzed for ice-nucleating particles (INPs). Our findings revealed that INP concentrations peaked in spring, driven predominantly by long-range transport of dust aerosols. Mineral dust contributed 43.6 % of annual INPs, with its contribution rising sharply to 71.7 % in spring. Satellite observations further revealed that the long-range transport of dust in spring promotes large-scale cloud formation over the NCP region.
Yujia Wang, Hongbin Wang, Bo Zhang, Peng Liu, Xinfeng Wang, Shuchun Si, Likun Xue, Qingzhu Zhang, and Qiao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5537–5555, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5537-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5537-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study established a bottom-up approach that employs real-time traffic flows and interpolation to obtain a spatially continuous on-road vehicle emission mapping for the main urban area of Jinan. The diurnal variation, spatial distribution, and emission hotspots were analyzed with clustering and hotspot analysis, showing unique fine-scale variation characteristics of on-road vehicle emissions. Future scenario analysis demonstrates remarkable benefits of electrification on emission reduction.
Bin Luo, Yuqiang Zhang, Tao Tang, Hongliang Zhang, Jianlin Hu, Jiangshan Mu, Wenxing Wang, and Likun Xue
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4767–4783, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4767-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4767-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
India is facing a severe air pollution crisis that poses significant health risks, particularly from PM2.5 and O3. Our study reveals rising levels of both pollutants from 1995 to 2014, leading to increased premature mortality. While anthropogenic emissions play a significant role, biomass burning also impacts air quality, in particular seasons and regions in India. This study underscores the urgent need for localized policies to protect public health amid escalating environmental challenges.
Chenliang Tao, Yanbo Peng, Qingzhu Zhang, Yuqiang Zhang, Bing Gong, Qiao Wang, and Wenxing Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4177–4192, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4177-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4177-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a novel transformer framework to bridge the sparse surface monitoring for inferring ozone–NOx–VOC–aerosol sensitivity and their urban–nonurban discrepancies at a finer scale with implications for improving our understanding of ozone variations. The change in urban–rural disparities in ozone was dominated by PM2.5 from 2019 to 2020. An aerosol-inhibited regime on top of the two traditional NOx- and VOC-limited regimes was identified in Jiaodong Peninsula, Shandong, China.
Yue Sun, Yujiao Zhu, Yanbin Qi, Lanxiadi Chen, Jiangshan Mu, Ye Shan, Yu Yang, Yanqiu Nie, Ping Liu, Can Cui, Ji Zhang, Mingxuan Liu, Lingli Zhang, Yufei Wang, Xinfeng Wang, Mingjin Tang, Wenxing Wang, and Likun Xue
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3241–3256, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3241-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3241-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Field observations were conducted at the summit of Changbai Mountain in northeast Asia. The cumulative number concentration of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) varied from 1.6 × 10−3 to 78.3 L−1 over the temperature range of −5.5 to −29.0 ℃. Biological INPs (bio-INPs) accounted for the majority of INPs, and the proportion exceeded 90% above −13.0 ℃. Planetary boundary layer height, valley breezes, and long-distance transport of air mass influence the abundance of bio-INPs.
Xuelian Zhong, Hengqing Shen, Min Zhao, Ji Zhang, Yue Sun, Yuhong Liu, Yingnan Zhang, Ye Shan, Hongyong Li, Jiangshan Mu, Yu Yang, Yanqiu Nie, Jinghao Tang, Can Dong, Xinfeng Wang, Yujiao Zhu, Mingzhi Guo, Wenxing Wang, and Likun Xue
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14761–14778, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14761-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14761-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous acid (HONO) is vital for atmospheric oxidation. In research at Mount Lao, China, models revealed a significant unidentified marine HONO source. Overlooking this could skew our understanding of air quality and climate change. This finding emphasizes HONO’s importance in the coastal atmosphere, uncovering previously unnoticed interactions.
Yingnan Zhang, Likun Xue, William P. L. Carter, Chenglei Pei, Tianshu Chen, Jiangshan Mu, Yujun Wang, Qingzhu Zhang, and Wenxing Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11053–11068, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11053-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11053-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We developed the localized incremental reactivity (IR) for VOCs in a Chinese megacity and elucidated their applications in calculating the ozone formation potential (OFP). The IR scales showed a strong dependence on chemical mechanisms. Both emission- and observation-based inputs are suitable for the MIR calculation but not the case under mixed-limited or NOx-limited O3 formation regimes. We provide suggestions for the application of IR and OFP scales to aid in VOC control in China.
Cited articles
Almeida, J., Schobesberger, S., Kürten, A., Ortega, I. K., Kupiainen-Määttä, O., Praplan, A. P., Adamov, A., Amorim, A., Bianchi, F., and Breitenlechner, M.: Molecular understanding of sulphuric acid–amine particle nucleation in the atmosphere, Nature, 502, 359–363, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12663, 2013.
Arquero, K. D., Xu, J., Gerber, R. B., and Finlayson-Pitts, B. J.: Particle formation and growth from oxalic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trimethylamine and water: a combined experimental and theoretical study, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 19, 28286–28301, https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cp04468b, 2017.
Custard, K. D., Pratt, K. A., Wang, S., and Shepson, P. B.: Constraints on Arctic atmospheric chlorine production through measurements and simulations of Cl2 and ClO, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 12394–12400, 2016.
Dawson, M. L., Varner, M. E., Perraud, V., Ezell, M. J., Gerber, R. B., and Finlayson-Pitts, B. J.: Simplified mechanism for new particle formation from methanesulfonic acid, amines, and water via experiments and ab initio calculations, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109, 18719–18724, 2012.
Ehn, M., Thornton, J. A., Kleist, E., Sipilä, M., Junninen, H., Pullinen, I., Springer, M., Rubach, F., Tillmann, R., and Lee, B.: A large source of low-volatility secondary organic aerosol, Nature, 506, 476–479, 2014.
Elm, J. and Mikkelsen, K. V.: Computational approaches for efficiently modelling of small atmospheric clusters, Chemical Physics Letters, 615, 26–29, 2014.
Elm, J., Kubečka, J., Besel, V., Jääskeläinen, M. J., Halonen, R., Kurten, T., and Vehkamäki, H.: Modeling the formation and growth of atmospheric molecular clusters: A review, Journal of Aerosol Science, 149, 105621, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2020.105621, 2020.
Engsvang, M., Knattrup, Y., Kubecka, J., and Elm, J.: Chlorine Oxyacids Potentially Contribute to Arctic Aerosol Formation, Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 11, 101–105, 2024.
Facchini, M. C., Decesari, S., Rinaldi, M., Carbone, C., Finessi, E., Mircea, M., Fuzzi, S., Moretti, F., Tagliavini, E., and Ceburnis, D.: Important source of marine secondary organic aerosol from biogenic amines, Environmental Science & Technology, 42, 9116–9121, 2008.
Faloona, I.: Sulfur processing in the marine atmospheric boundary layer: A review and critical assessment of modeling uncertainties, Atmospheric Environment, 43, 2841–2854, 2009.
Fang, Y.-G., Wei, L., Francisco, J. S., Zhu, C., and Fang, W.-H.: Mechanistic Insights into Chloric Acid Production by Hydrolysis of Chlorine Trioxide at an Air–Water Interface, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 146, 21052–21060, 2024.
Foster, K. L., Plastridge, R. A., Bottenheim, J. W., Shepson, P. B., Finlayson-Pitts, B. J., and Spicer, C. W.: The role of Br2 and BrCl in surface ozone destruction at polar sunrise, Science, 291, 471–474, 2001.
Frisch, M., Trucks, G., Schlegel, H., Scuseria, G., Robb, M., Cheeseman, J., Scalmani, G., Barone, V., Petersson, G., and Nakatsuji, H.: Gaussian 16, Revision A. 03, Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford CT, 3, https://gaussian.com/ (last access: 7 November 2025), 2016.
Gordon, H., Kirkby, J., Baltensperger, U., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., Curtius, J., Dias, A., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., and Dunne, E. M.: Causes and importance of new particle formation in the present-day and preindustrial atmospheres, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 122, 8739–8760, 2017.
Hodshire, A. L., Campuzano-Jost, P., Kodros, J. K., Croft, B., Nault, B. A., Schroder, J. C., Jimenez, J. L., and Pierce, J. R.: The potential role of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) in aerosol formation and growth and the associated radiative forcings, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3137–3160, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3137-2019, 2019.
Hopkins, R. J., Desyaterik, Y., Tivanski, A. V., Zaveri, R. A., Berkowitz, C. M., Tyliszczak, T., Gilles, M. K., and Laskin, A.: Chemical speciation of sulfur in marine cloud droplets and particles: Analysis of individual particles from the marine boundary layer over the California current, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 113, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008954, 2008.
Kirkby, J., Curtius, J., Almeida, J., Dunne, E., Duplissy, J., Ehrhart, S., Franchin, A., Gagné, S., Ickes, L., and Kürten, A.: Role of sulphuric acid, ammonia and galactic cosmic rays in atmospheric aerosol nucleation, Nature, 476, 429–433, 2011.
Kirkby, J., Duplissy, J., Sengupta, K., Frege, C., Gordon, H., Williamson, C., Heinritzi, M., Simon, M., Yan, C., and Almeida, J.: Ion-induced nucleation of pure biogenic particles, Nature, 533, 521–526, 2016.
Kubecka, J., Besel, V., Kurten, T., Myllys, N., and Vehkamaki, H.: Configurational sampling of noncovalent (atmospheric) molecular clusters: sulfuric acid and guanidine, The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 123, 6022–6033, 2019.
Kürten, A., Li, C., Bianchi, F., Curtius, J., Dias, A., Donahue, N. M., Duplissy, J., Flagan, R. C., Hakala, J., Jokinen, T., Kirkby, J., Kulmala, M., Laaksonen, A., Lehtipalo, K., Makhmutov, V., Onnela, A., Rissanen, M. P., Simon, M., Sipilä, M., Stozhkov, Y., Tröstl, J., Ye, P., and McMurry, P. H.: New particle formation in the sulfuric acid–dimethylamine–water system: reevaluation of CLOUD chamber measurements and comparison to an aerosol nucleation and growth model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 845–863, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-845-2018, 2018.
Li, J., Ning, A., Liu, L., and Zhang, X.: Atmospheric Bases-Enhanced Iodic Acid Nucleation: Altitude-Dependent Characteristics and Molecular Mechanisms, Environmental Science & Technology, 58, 16962–16973, 2024.
Lu, Y., Liu, L., Ning, A., Yang, G., Liu, Y., Kurtén, T., Vehkamäki, H., Zhang, X., and Wang, L.: Atmospheric sulfuric acid-dimethylamine nucleation enhanced by trifluoroacetic acid, Geophysical Research Letters, 47, e2019GL085627, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085627, 2020.
McGrath, M. J., Olenius, T., Ortega, I. K., Loukonen, V., Paasonen, P., Kurtén, T., Kulmala, M., and Vehkamäki, H.: Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code: a flexible method for solution of the birth-death equations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 2345–2355, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-2345-2012, 2012.
Merikanto, J., Spracklen, D. V., Mann, G. W., Pickering, S. J., and Carslaw, K. S.: Impact of nucleation on global CCN, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8601–8616, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8601-2009, 2009.
Miřijovský, J. and Langhammer, J.: Multitemporal monitoring of the morphodynamics of a mid-mountain stream using UAS photogrammetry, Remote Sensing, 7, 8586–8609, 2015.
Moore, A. N., Cancelada, L., Ke'La A, K., and Prather, K. A.: Secondary aerosol formation from mixtures of marine volatile organic compounds in a potential aerosol mass oxidative flow reactor, Environmental Science: Atmospheres, 4, 351–361, 2024.
Myllys, N., Elm, J., and Kurten, T.: Density functional theory basis set convergence of sulfuric acid-containing molecular clusters, Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, 1098, 1–12, 2016.
Myriokefalitakis, S., Vignati, E., Tsigaridis, K., Papadimas, C., Sciare, J., Mihalopoulos, N., Facchini, M., Rinaldi, M., Dentener, F., and Ceburnis, D.: Global modeling of the oceanic source of organic aerosols, Adv. Meteorol., 939171, https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/939171, 2010.
Neese, F.: The ORCA program system, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Molecular Science, 2, 73–78, 2012.
Ning, A., Liu, L., Zhang, S., Yu, F., Du, L., Ge, M., and Zhang, X.: The critical role of dimethylamine in the rapid formation of iodic acid particles in marine areas, npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 5, 92, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-022-00316-9, 2022.
Ning, A., Shen, J., Zhao, B., Wang, S., Cai, R., Jiang, J., Yan, C., Fu, X., Zhang, Y., and Li, J.: Overlooked significance of iodic acid in new particle formation in the continental atmosphere, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121, e2404595121, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2404595121, 2024.
Odbadrakh, T. T., Gale, A. G., Ball, B. T., Temelso, B., and Shields, G. C.: Computation of atmospheric concentrations of molecular clusters from ab initio thermochemistry, J. Vis. Exp., 158, e60964, https://doi.org/10.3791/60964, 2020.
Olenius, T., Halonen, R., Kurtén, T., Henschel, H., Kupiainen-Määttä, O., Ortega, I. K., Jen, C. N., Vehkamäki, H., and Riipinen, I.: New particle formation from sulfuric acid and amines: Comparison of monomethylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 122, 7103–7118, 2017.
Perraud, V., Horne, J. R., Martinez, A. S., Kalinowski, J., Meinardi, S., Dawson, M. L., Wingen, L. M., Dabdub, D., Blake, D. R., and Gerber, R. B.: The future of airborne sulfur-containing particles in the absence of fossil fuel sulfur dioxide emissions, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112, 13514–13519, 2015.
Revell, L. E., Edkins, N. J., Venugopal, A. U., Bhatti, Y. A., Kozyniak, K. M., Davy, P. K., Kuschel, G., Somervell, E., Hardacre, C., and Coulson, G.: Marine aerosol in Aotearoa New Zealand: implications for air quality, climate change and public health, Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 55, 1339–1361, 2025.
Schmitz, G. and Elm, J.: Assessment of the DLPNO binding energies of strongly noncovalent bonded atmospheric molecular clusters, ACS Omega, 5, 7601–7612, 2020.
Semeniuk, K. and Dastoor, A.: Current state of aerosol nucleation parameterizations for air-quality and climate modeling, Atmos. Environ., 179, 77–106, 2018.
Sipilä, M., Berndt, T., Petäjä, T., Brus, D., Vanhanen, J., Stratmann, F., Patokoski, J., Mauldin III, R. L., Hyvärinen, A.-P., and Lihavainen, H.: The role of sulfuric acid in atmospheric nucleation, Science, 327, 1243–1246, 2010.
Smith, J. N., Draper, D. C., Chee, S., Dam, M., Glicker, H., Myers, D., Thomas, A. E., Lawler, M. J., and Myllys, N.: Atmospheric clusters to nanoparticles: Recent progress and challenges in closing the gap in chemical composition, Journal of Aerosol Science, 153, 105733, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2020.105733, 2021.
Stone, D., Whalley, L. K., and Heard, D. E.: Tropospheric OH and HO2 radicals: field measurements and model comparisons, Chemical Society Reviews, 41, 6348–6404, 2012.
Takegawa, N., Seto, T., Moteki, N., Koike, M., Oshima, N., Adachi, K., Kita, K., Takami, A., and Kondo, Y.: Enhanced new particle formation above the marine boundary layer over the Yellow Sea: Potential impacts on cloud condensation nuclei, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 125, e2019JD031448, 2020.
Temelso, B., Morrison, E. F., Speer, D. L., Cao, B. C., Appiah-Padi, N., Kim, G., and Shields, G. C.: Effect of mixing ammonia and alkylamines on sulfate aerosol formation, The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 122, 1612–1622, 2018.
Tham, Y. J., Sarnela, N., Iyer, S., Li, Q., Angot, H., Quéléver, L. L., Beck, I., Laurila, T., Beck, L. J., and Boyer, M.: Widespread detection of chlorine oxyacids in the Arctic atmosphere, Nature Communications, 14, 1769, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37387-y, 2023.
Thompson, C. R., Shepson, P. B., Liao, J., Huey, L. G., Apel, E. C., Cantrell, C. A., Flocke, F., Orlando, J., Fried, A., Hall, S. R., Hornbrook, R. S., Knapp, D. J., Mauldin III, R. L., Montzka, D. D., Sive, B. C., Ullmann, K., Weibring, P., and Weinheimer, A.: Interactions of bromine, chlorine, and iodine photochemistry during ozone depletions in Barrow, Alaska, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9651–9679, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9651-2015, 2015.
van Pinxteren, M., Fomba, K. W., van Pinxteren, D., Triesch, N., Hoffmann, E. H., Cree, C. H., Fitzsimons, M. F., von Tümpling, W., and Herrmann, H.: Aliphatic amines at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory: Abundance, origins and sea-air fluxes, Atmos. Environ., 203, 183–195, 2019.
Wang, S. and Shi, X.: Chloric acid-driven nucleation enhanced by dimethylamine and sulfuric acid in the Arctic: mechanistic study, Mendeley Data [data set], https://doi.org/10.17632/3cn994n6xx.1, 2025.
Williamson, C. J., Kupc, A., Axisa, D., Bilsback, K. R., Bui, T., Campuzano-Jost, P., Dollner, M., Froyd, K. D., Hodshire, A. L., and Jimenez, J. L.: A large source of cloud condensation nuclei from new particle formation in the tropics, Nature, 574, 399–403, 2019.
Wood, R.: Stratocumulus clouds, Monthly Weather Review, 140, 2373–2423, 2012.
Wu, N., Ning, A., Liu, L., Zu, H., Liang, D., and Zhang, X.: Methanesulfonic acid and iodous acid nucleation: a novel mechanism for marine aerosols, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 25, 16745–16752, 2023.
Xie, H.-B., Elm, J., Halonen, R., Myllys, N., Kurten, T., Kulmala, M., and Vehkamaki, H.: Atmospheric fate of monoethanolamine: enhancing new particle formation of sulfuric acid as an important removal process, Environmental Science & Technology, 51, 8422–8431, 2017.
Yao, L., Garmash, O., Bianchi, F., Zheng, J., Yan, C., Kontkanen, J., Junninen, H., Mazon, S. B., Ehn, M., and Paasonen, P.: Atmospheric new particle formation from sulfuric acid and amines in a Chinese megacity, Science, 361, 278–281, 2018.
Yin, R., Yan, C., Cai, R., Li, X., Shen, J., Lu, Y., Schobesberger, S., Fu, Y., Deng, C., and Wang, L.: Acid–base clusters during atmospheric new particle formation in urban Beijing, Environmental Science & Technology, 55, 10994–11005, 2021.
Yu, H., Ren, L., Huang, X., Xie, M., He, J., and Xiao, H.: Iodine speciation and size distribution in ambient aerosols at a coastal new particle formation hotspot in China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 4025–4039, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4025-2019, 2019.
Zhang, H., Li, H., Liu, L., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X., and Li, Z.: The potential role of malonic acid in the atmospheric sulfuric acid-ammonia clusters formation, Chemosphere, 203, 26–33, 2018.
Zhang, R., Khalizov, A., Wang, L., Hu, M., and Xu, W.: Nucleation and growth of nanoparticles in the atmosphere, Chemical Reviews, 112, 1957–2011, 2012.
Zhang, R., Suh, I., Zhao, J., Zhang, D., Fortner, E. C., Tie, X., Molina, L. T., and Molina, M. J.: Atmospheric new particle formation enhanced by organic acids, Science, 304, 1487–1490, 2004.
Zhang, R., Xie, H.-B., Ma, F., Chen, J., Iyer, S., Simon, M., Heinritzi, M., Shen, J., Tham, Y. J., and Kurten, T.: Critical role of iodous acid in neutral iodine oxoacid nucleation, Environmental Science & Technology, 56, 14166–14177, 2022.
Zhang, R., Ma, F., Zhang, Y., Chen, J., Elm, J., He, X.-C., and Xie, H.-B.: HIO3–HIO2-Driven Three-Component Nucleation: Screening Model and Cluster Formation Mechanism, Environmental Science & Technology, 58, 649–659, 2023.
Zhao, B., Donahue, N. M., Zhang, K., Mao, L., Shrivastava, M., Ma, P.-L., Shen, J., Wang, S., Sun, J., and Gordon, H.: Global variability in atmospheric new particle formation mechanisms, Nature, 631, 98–105, 2024.
Zheng, G., Wang, Y., Wood, R., Jensen, M. P., Kuang, C., McCoy, I. L., Matthews, A., Mei, F., Tomlinson, J. M., and Shilling, J. E.: New particle formation in the remote marine boundary layer, Nature Communications, 12, 527, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20773-1, 2021.
Zhu, Y., Li, K., Shen, Y., Gao, Y., Liu, X., Yu, Y., Gao, H., and Yao, X.: New particle formation in the marine atmosphere during seven cruise campaigns, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 89–113, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-89-2019, 2019.
Short summary
Recent studies have shown that chloric acid (HClO3, CA) is prevalent in the Arctic boundary layer. However, the mechanism of CA-based nucleation is unclear. We provide molecular-level evidence that CA-dimethylamine (DMA) nucleation may not effectively contribute to Arctic new particle formation (NPF). The proposed CA-DMA nucleation mechanism may help us to deeply understand marine NPF events in the Arctic boundary layer.
Recent studies have shown that chloric acid (HClO3, CA) is prevalent in the Arctic boundary...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint