Articles | Volume 23, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6145-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6145-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
06 Jun 2023
Research article |
| 06 Jun 2023
| 06 Jun 2023
Variations in global zonal wind from 18 to 100 km due to solar activity and the quasi-biennial oscillation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation during 2002–2019
Institute of Electromagnetic Wave, School of Physics, Henan Normal
University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
Jiyao Xu
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
Physics Department, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC
20064, USA
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
Vania F. Andrioli
State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
Heliophysics, Planetary Science and Aeronomy Division, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Disruptions of Quasi-Biennial Oscillation modulate the migrating diurnal tide in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. During the events, wavelengths and phases of the tide remain unchanged, but its amplitude strengthens. The enhancement of water vapor radiative heating, ozone radiative heating and latent heating may contribute to the amplification of the tide amplitude. These features provide insights into the dynamical coupling of troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere.
Qinzeng Li, Jiyao Xu, Yajun Zhu, Cristiano M. Wrasse, José V. Bageston, Wei Yuan, Xiao Liu, Weijun Liu, Ying Wen, Hui Li, and Zhengkuan Liu
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This study explores intense CGWs based on ground – based and multi – satellite observations over Southern Brazil, revealing significant airglow perturbations and strong momentum release. Triggered by deep convections and enabled by weaker wind field, these CGWs reached the mesopause and thermosphere. Consistent detections via OI and OH airglow emissions confirm their vertical propagation, while asymmetric thermosphere propagation is linked to Doppler-induced wavelength changes.
Xiao Liu, Jiyao Xu, Jia Yue, Yangkun Liu, and Vania F. Andrioli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10143–10157, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10143-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10143-2024, 2024
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Disagreement in long-term trends in the high-latitude mesosphere temperature should be elucidated using one coherent measurement over a long period. Using SABER measurements at high latitudes and binning the data based on yaw cycle, we focus on long-term trends in the mean temperature and mesopause in the high-latitude mesosphere–lower-thermosphere region, which has been rarely studied via observations but is more sensitive to dynamic changes.
Qinzeng Li, Jiyao Xu, Aditya Riadi Gusman, Hanli Liu, Wei Yuan, Weijun Liu, Yajun Zhu, and Xiao Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8343–8361, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8343-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8343-2024, 2024
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The 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) volcanic eruption not only triggered broad-spectrum atmospheric waves but also generated unusual tsunamis which can generate atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs). Multiple strong atmospheric waves were observed in the far-field area of the 2022 HTHH volcano eruption in the upper atmosphere by a ground-based airglow imager network. AGWs caused by tsunamis can propagate to the mesopause region; there is a good match between atmospheric waves and tsunamis.
Qinzeng Li, Jiyao Xu, Hanli Liu, Xiao Liu, and Wei Yuan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12077–12091, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12077-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12077-2022, 2022
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We use ground-based airglow network observations, reanalysis data, and satellite observations to explore the propagation process of concentric gravity waves (CGWs) excited by a typhoon between the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. We find that CGWs in the mesosphere are generated directly by the typhoon but the CGW observed in the thermosphere may be excited by CGW dissipation in the mesosphere, rather than directly excited by a typhoon and propagated to the thermosphere.
Xiao Liu, Jiyao Xu, Jia Yue, You Yu, Paulo P. Batista, Vania F. Andrioli, Zhengkuan Liu, Tao Yuan, Chi Wang, Ziming Zou, Guozhu Li, and James M. Russell III
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5643–5661, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5643-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5643-2021, 2021
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Based on the gradient balance wind theory and the SABER observations, a dataset of monthly mean zonal wind has been developed at heights of 18–100 km and latitudes of 50° Sndash;50° N from 2002 to 2019. The dataset agrees with the zonal wind from models (MERRA2, UARP, HWM14) and observations by meteor radar and lidar at seven stations. The dataset can be used to study seasonal and interannual variations and can serve as a background for wave studies of tides and planetary waves.
Xiao Liu, Jiyao Xu, Jia Yue, and Hanli Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14437–14456, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14437-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14437-2020, 2020
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Large wind shears in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere are recognized as a common phenomenon. Simulation and ground-based observations show that the main contributor of large wind shears is gravity waves. We present a method of deriving wind shears induced by gravity waves according to the linear theory and using the global temperature observations by SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry). Our results agree well with observations and model simulations.
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EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2610, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2610, 2025
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Disruptions of Quasi-Biennial Oscillation modulate the migrating diurnal tide in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. During the events, wavelengths and phases of the tide remain unchanged, but its amplitude strengthens. The enhancement of water vapor radiative heating, ozone radiative heating and latent heating may contribute to the amplification of the tide amplitude. These features provide insights into the dynamical coupling of troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere.
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This study explores intense CGWs based on ground – based and multi – satellite observations over Southern Brazil, revealing significant airglow perturbations and strong momentum release. Triggered by deep convections and enabled by weaker wind field, these CGWs reached the mesopause and thermosphere. Consistent detections via OI and OH airglow emissions confirm their vertical propagation, while asymmetric thermosphere propagation is linked to Doppler-induced wavelength changes.
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Disagreement in long-term trends in the high-latitude mesosphere temperature should be elucidated using one coherent measurement over a long period. Using SABER measurements at high latitudes and binning the data based on yaw cycle, we focus on long-term trends in the mean temperature and mesopause in the high-latitude mesosphere–lower-thermosphere region, which has been rarely studied via observations but is more sensitive to dynamic changes.
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Gunter Stober, Sharon L. Vadas, Erich Becker, Alan Liu, Alexander Kozlovsky, Diego Janches, Zishun Qiao, Witali Krochin, Guochun Shi, Wen Yi, Jie Zeng, Peter Brown, Denis Vida, Neil Hindley, Christoph Jacobi, Damian Murphy, Ricardo Buriti, Vania Andrioli, Paulo Batista, John Marino, Scott Palo, Denise Thorsen, Masaki Tsutsumi, Njål Gulbrandsen, Satonori Nozawa, Mark Lester, Kathrin Baumgarten, Johan Kero, Evgenia Belova, Nicholas Mitchell, Tracy Moffat-Griffin, and Na Li
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On 15 January 2022, the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha‘apai volcano exploded in a vigorous eruption, causing many atmospheric phenomena reaching from the surface up to space. In this study, we investigate how the mesospheric winds were affected by the volcanogenic gravity waves and estimated their propagation direction and speed. The interplay between model and observations permits us to gain new insights into the vertical coupling through atmospheric gravity waves.
Pedro Alves Fontes, Marcio Tadeu de Assis Honorato Muella, Laysa Cristina Araújo Resende, Vânia Fátima Andrioli, Paulo Roberto Fagundes, Valdir Gil Pillat, Paulo Prado Batista, and Alexander Jose Carrasco
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Q. Gan, J. Yue, L. C. Chang, W. B. Wang, S. D. Zhang, and J. Du
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X. Liu, J. Xu, H.-L. Liu, J. Yue, and W. Yuan
Ann. Geophys., 32, 543–552, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-543-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-543-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Subject: Dynamics | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Mesosphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Radar observations of winds, waves and tides in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere over South Georgia island (54° S, 36° W) and comparison with WACCM simulations
Simultaneous in situ measurements of small-scale structures in neutral, plasma, and atomic oxygen densities during the WADIS sounding rocket project
Mesospheric anomalous diffusion during noctilucent cloud scenarios
Thermal structure of the mesopause region during the WADIS-2 rocket campaign
On the origin of the mesospheric quasi-stationary planetary waves in the unusual Arctic winter 2015/2016
Influence of geomagnetic activity on mesopause temperature over Yakutia
Quasi-12 h inertia–gravity waves in the lower mesosphere observed by the PANSY radar at Syowa Station (39.6° E, 69.0° S)
Change in turbopause altitude at 52 and 70° N
High-resolution observations of the near-surface wind field over an isolated mountain and in a steep river canyon
Characteristics and sources of gravity waves observed in noctilucent cloud over Norway
Observation of a mesospheric front in a thermal-doppler duct over King George Island, Antarctica
The role of the QBO in the inter-hemispheric coupling of summer mesospheric temperatures
Neil P. Hindley, Nicholas J. Mitchell, Neil Cobbett, Anne K. Smith, Dave C. Fritts, Diego Janches, Corwin J. Wright, and Tracy Moffat-Griffin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9435–9459, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9435-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9435-2022, 2022
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We present observations of winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) from a recently installed meteor radar on the remote island of South Georgia (54° S, 36° W). We characterise mean winds, tides, planetary waves, and gravity waves in the MLT at this location and compare our measured winds with a leading climate model. We find that the observed wintertime winds are unexpectedly reversed from model predictions, probably because of missing impacts of secondary gravity waves in the model.
Boris Strelnikov, Martin Eberhart, Martin Friedrich, Jonas Hedin, Mikhail Khaplanov, Gerd Baumgarten, Bifford P. Williams, Tristan Staszak, Heiner Asmus, Irina Strelnikova, Ralph Latteck, Mykhaylo Grygalashvyly, Franz-Josef Lübken, Josef Höffner, Raimund Wörl, Jörg Gumbel, Stefan Löhle, Stefanos Fasoulas, Markus Rapp, Aroh Barjatya, Michael J. Taylor, and Pierre-Dominique Pautet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11443–11460, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11443-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11443-2019, 2019
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Sounding rockets are the only means of measuring small-scale structures (i.e., spatial scales of kilometers to centimeters) in the Earth's middle atmosphere (50–120 km). We present and analyze brand-new high-resolution measurements of atomic oxygen (O) concentration together with high-resolution measurements of ionospheric plasma and neutral air parameters. We found a new behavior of the O inside turbulent layers, which might be essential to adequately model weather and climate.
Fazlul I. Laskar, Gunter Stober, Jens Fiedler, Meers M. Oppenheim, Jorge L. Chau, Duggirala Pallamraju, Nicholas M. Pedatella, Masaki Tsutsumi, and Toralf Renkwitz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5259–5267, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5259-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5259-2019, 2019
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Meteor radars are used to track and estimate the fading time of meteor trails. In this investigation, it is observed that the diffusion time estimated from such trail fading time is anomalously higher during noctilucent clouds (NLC) than that in its absence. We propose that NLC particles absorb background electrons and thus modify the background electrodynamics, leading to such an anomaly.
Raimund Wörl, Boris Strelnikov, Timo P. Viehl, Josef Höffner, Pierre-Dominique Pautet, Michael J. Taylor, Yucheng Zhao, and Franz-Josef Lübken
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 77–88, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-77-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-77-2019, 2019
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Simultaneous temperature measurements during the WADIS-2 rocket campaign are used to investigate the thermal structure of the mesopause region. Vertically and horizontally resolved in situ and remote measurements are in good agreement and show dominating long-term and large-scale waves with periods of 24 h and higher tidal harmonics. Only a few gravity waves with periods shorter than 6 h and small amplitudes are there.
Vivien Matthias and Manfred Ern
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 4803–4815, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4803-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4803-2018, 2018
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The aim of this study is to find the origin of mesospheric stationary planetary wave (SPW) in the subtropics and in mid and polar latitudes in mid winter 2015/2016. Our results based on observations show that upward propagating SPW and in situ generated SPWs by longitudinally variable gravity wave drag and by instabilities can be responsible for the occurrence of mesospheric SPWs and that they can act at the same time, which confirms earlier model studies.
Galina Gavrilyeva and Petr Ammosov
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3363–3367, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3363-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3363-2018, 2018
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The study of the response of the upper atmosphere to changes in solar and geomagnetic activity is an important contribution to the study of the Earth's climate. Measurements showed that the change in the atmospheric temperature at an altitude of 87 km above Yakutia lags behind the maximum solar radiation by 2 years and correlates with a change in geomagnetic activity. The winter temperature is higher in the years of the geomagnetic activity maximum than in the years of the minimum.
Ryosuke Shibuya, Kaoru Sato, Masaki Tsutsumi, Toru Sato, Yoshihiro Tomikawa, Koji Nishimura, and Masashi Kohma
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 6455–6476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6455-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6455-2017, 2017
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The first observations made by a complete PANSY radar system (Program of the Antarctic Syowa MST/IS radar) installed at Syowa Station were successfully performed from 16 to 24 March 2015. Over this period, quasi-12 h period disturbances in the mesosphere at heights of 70 to 80 km were observed. Combining the observational data and numerical simulation outputs, we found that quasi-12 h disturbances are due to large-scale inertia–gravity waves, not to semi-diurnal migrating tides.
Chris M. Hall, Silje E. Holmen, Chris E. Meek, Alan H. Manson, and Satonori Nozawa
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2299–2308, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2299-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2299-2016, 2016
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Turbulent energy dissipation rates are calculated using MF-radar signals from 70 and 52° N for the period 2001–2014 inclusive, and they are used to estimate turbopause altitudes. A positive trend in turbopause altitude is identified for 70° N in summer, but not in winter and not at 52° N. The turbopause altitude change between 2001 and 2014 can be used to hypothesize a corresponding change in atomic oxygen concentration.
B. W. Butler, N. S. Wagenbrenner, J. M. Forthofer, B. K. Lamb, K. S. Shannon, D. Finn, R. M. Eckman, K. Clawson, L. Bradshaw, P. Sopko, S. Beard, D. Jimenez, C. Wold, and M. Vosburgh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3785–3801, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3785-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3785-2015, 2015
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Interest in numerical wind models continues to increase, especially for models that can simulate winds at relatively high spatial resolution (~100m). However, limited observational data exist for evaluation of model predictive performance. This study presents high-resolution surface wind data sets collected from an isolated mountain and a steep river canyon. The data are available to the public at http://www.firemodels.org/index.php/windninja-introduction/windninja-publications.
T. D. Demissie, P. J. Espy, N. H. Kleinknecht, M. Hatlen, N. Kaifler, and G. Baumgarten
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 12133–12142, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12133-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12133-2014, 2014
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Summertime gravity waves detected in noctilucent clouds (NLCs) between 64◦ and 74◦N are found to have a similar climatology to those observed between 60◦ and 64◦N, and their direction of propagation is to the north and northeast as observed south of 64◦N. However, a unique population of fast, short wavelength waves propagating towards the SW is observed in the NLC. The sources of the prominent wave structures observed in the NLC are likely to be from waves propagating from near the tropopause.
J. V. Bageston, C. M. Wrasse, P. P. Batista, R. E. Hibbins, D. C Fritts, D. Gobbi, and V. F. Andrioli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 12137–12147, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-12137-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-12137-2011, 2011
P. J. Espy, S. Ochoa Fernández, P. Forkman, D. Murtagh, and J. Stegman
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 495–502, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-495-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-495-2011, 2011
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Short summary
Winds are important in characterizing atmospheric dynamics and coupling. However, it is difficult to directly measure the global winds from the stratosphere to the lower thermosphere. We developed a global zonal wind dataset according to the gradient wind theory and SABER and meteor radar observations. Using the dataset, we studied the intra-annual, inter-annual, and long-term variations. This is helpful to understand the variations and coupling of the stratosphere to the lower thermosphere.
Winds are important in characterizing atmospheric dynamics and coupling. However, it is...
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