Articles | Volume 23, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3363-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3363-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
A three-dimensional simulation and process analysis of tropospheric ozone depletion events (ODEs) during the springtime in the Arctic using CMAQ (Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System)
Le Cao
Key Laboratory for Aerosol–Cloud–Precipitation of the China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
Key Laboratory for Aerosol–Cloud–Precipitation of the China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
Yicheng Gu
Key Laboratory for Aerosol–Cloud–Precipitation of the China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
Yuhan Luo
Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
Related authors
Xiaochun Zhu, Le Cao, Xin Yang, Simeng Li, Jiandong Wang, and Tianliang Zhao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3873, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3873, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We applied various criteria to identify springtime ODEs at Utqiagvik, Arctic, and investigated the influences of using different criteria on conclusions regarding the characteristics of ODEs. We found criteria using a constant threshold and using thresholds based on the monthly averaged ozone more suitable for identifying ODEs than the others. Applying a threshold varying with the monthly average or stricter thresholds also signifies a more significant reduction in the ODE occurrences.
Kai Meng, Tianliang Zhao, Yongqing Bai, Ming Wu, Le Cao, Xuewei Hou, Yuehan Luo, and Yongcheng Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12623–12642, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12623-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12623-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the impact of stratospheric intrusions (SIs) on tropospheric and near-surface ozone in Central and Eastern China from a stratospheric source tracing perspective. SIs contribute the most in the eastern plains, with a contribution exceeding 15 %, and have a small contribution to the west and south. Western Siberia and Mongolia are the most critical source areas for indirect and direct SIs, with the Rossby wave and northeast cold vortex being important driving circulation systems.
Le Cao, Linjie Fan, Simeng Li, and Shuangyan Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3875–3890, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3875-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3875-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed the observational data and used models to discover the impact of the total ozone column (TOC) on the occurrence of tropospheric ozone depletion events (ODE) in the Antarctic. The results suggest that the decrease of TOC favors the occurrence of ODE. When TOC varies the rates of major ODE accelerating reactions are substantially altered but the rates of major ODE decelerating reactions remain unchanged. As a result, the occurrence of ODE negatively depends on the TOC.
Hongyi Ding, Le Cao, Haimei Jiang, Wenxing Jia, Yong Chen, and Junling An
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 6135–6153, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6135-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6135-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We performed a WRF model study to figure out the mechanism of how the change in minimum eddy diffusivity (Kzmin) in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) closure scheme (ACM2) affects the simulated near-surface temperature in Beijing, China. Moreover, the influence of changing Kzmin on the temperature prediction in areas with different land-use categories was studied. The model performance using a functional-type Kzmin for capturing the temperature change in this area was also clarified.
Le Cao, Simeng Li, and Luhang Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12687–12714, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12687-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12687-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Gas-phase chemical reaction mechanisms, e.g., CB6 mechanism, are essential parts of the atmospheric transport model. In order to better understand the changes caused by the updates between different versions of the CB6 mechanism, in this study, the behavior of three different CB6 mechanisms in simulating ozone, nitrogen oxides and formaldehyde under two different emission conditions was analyzed using a concentration sensitivity analysis, and the reasons causing the deviations were figured out.
Zhuozhi Shu, Yubao Liu, Tianliang Zhao, Junrong Xia, Chenggang Wang, Le Cao, Haoliang Wang, Lei Zhang, Yu Zheng, Lijuan Shen, Lei Luo, and Yueqing Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9253–9268, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9253-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9253-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Focusing on a heavy haze pollution event in the Sichuan Basin (SCB), we investigated the elevated 3D structure of PM2.5 and trans-boundary transport with the WRF-Chem simulation. It is remarkable for vertical PM2.5 that the unique hollows were structured, which which occurred by the interaction of vortex circulations and topographic effects. The SCB was regarded as the major air pollutant source with the trans-boundary transport of PM2.5 affecting atmospheric environment changes.
Simeng Li, Enrico Dammers, Arjo Segers, and Jan Willem Erisman
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2826, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2826, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Between 2019 and 2022, a notable reduction in livestock numbers has been observed on Schiermonnikoog, a small island in the north of the Netherlands. We have assessed ammonia emissions using real-world measurements on the island, demonstrated emission decrease, and proposed a network to improve emission monitoring.
Xiaochun Zhu, Le Cao, Xin Yang, Simeng Li, Jiandong Wang, and Tianliang Zhao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3873, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3873, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We applied various criteria to identify springtime ODEs at Utqiagvik, Arctic, and investigated the influences of using different criteria on conclusions regarding the characteristics of ODEs. We found criteria using a constant threshold and using thresholds based on the monthly averaged ozone more suitable for identifying ODEs than the others. Applying a threshold varying with the monthly average or stricter thresholds also signifies a more significant reduction in the ODE occurrences.
Kai Meng, Tianliang Zhao, Yongqing Bai, Ming Wu, Le Cao, Xuewei Hou, Yuehan Luo, and Yongcheng Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12623–12642, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12623-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12623-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the impact of stratospheric intrusions (SIs) on tropospheric and near-surface ozone in Central and Eastern China from a stratospheric source tracing perspective. SIs contribute the most in the eastern plains, with a contribution exceeding 15 %, and have a small contribution to the west and south. Western Siberia and Mongolia are the most critical source areas for indirect and direct SIs, with the Rossby wave and northeast cold vortex being important driving circulation systems.
Qidi Li, Yuhan Luo, Yuanyuan Qian, Chen Pan, Ke Dou, Xuewei Hou, Fuqi Si, and Wenqing Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-859, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-859, 2023
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We found that all instruments recorded severe ozone depletion from March 18 to April 18, 2020. The effect of the polar vortex on ozone depletion in the stratosphere was clear. Additionally, the SD-WACCM model results indicated that both ClO and BrO concentrations peaked in late March. Before chlorine activation began, bromine mainly existed as HOBr; however, after chlorine activation, bromine mainly existed in the form of BrCl.
Le Cao, Linjie Fan, Simeng Li, and Shuangyan Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3875–3890, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3875-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3875-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed the observational data and used models to discover the impact of the total ozone column (TOC) on the occurrence of tropospheric ozone depletion events (ODE) in the Antarctic. The results suggest that the decrease of TOC favors the occurrence of ODE. When TOC varies the rates of major ODE accelerating reactions are substantially altered but the rates of major ODE decelerating reactions remain unchanged. As a result, the occurrence of ODE negatively depends on the TOC.
Hongyi Ding, Le Cao, Haimei Jiang, Wenxing Jia, Yong Chen, and Junling An
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 6135–6153, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6135-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6135-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We performed a WRF model study to figure out the mechanism of how the change in minimum eddy diffusivity (Kzmin) in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) closure scheme (ACM2) affects the simulated near-surface temperature in Beijing, China. Moreover, the influence of changing Kzmin on the temperature prediction in areas with different land-use categories was studied. The model performance using a functional-type Kzmin for capturing the temperature change in this area was also clarified.
Le Cao, Simeng Li, and Luhang Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12687–12714, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12687-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12687-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Gas-phase chemical reaction mechanisms, e.g., CB6 mechanism, are essential parts of the atmospheric transport model. In order to better understand the changes caused by the updates between different versions of the CB6 mechanism, in this study, the behavior of three different CB6 mechanisms in simulating ozone, nitrogen oxides and formaldehyde under two different emission conditions was analyzed using a concentration sensitivity analysis, and the reasons causing the deviations were figured out.
Zhuozhi Shu, Yubao Liu, Tianliang Zhao, Junrong Xia, Chenggang Wang, Le Cao, Haoliang Wang, Lei Zhang, Yu Zheng, Lijuan Shen, Lei Luo, and Yueqing Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9253–9268, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9253-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9253-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Focusing on a heavy haze pollution event in the Sichuan Basin (SCB), we investigated the elevated 3D structure of PM2.5 and trans-boundary transport with the WRF-Chem simulation. It is remarkable for vertical PM2.5 that the unique hollows were structured, which which occurred by the interaction of vortex circulations and topographic effects. The SCB was regarded as the major air pollutant source with the trans-boundary transport of PM2.5 affecting atmospheric environment changes.
Cited articles
AC SAF: GOME-2 Tropospheric BrO Column Data Record Release 1 – Metop, EUMETSAT [data set],
https://doi.org/10.15770/EUM_SAF_O3M_0012, 2022. a, b
Anderson, P. S. and Neff, W. D.: Boundary layer physics over snow and ice, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 3563–3582, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-3563-2008, 2008. a
Baek, B. and Seppanen, C.: CEMPD/SMOKE: SMOKE v4.7 Public Release, Zenodo, (October
2019), https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476744, 2019. a
Barrie, L. A., Bottenheim, J. W., Schnell, R. C., Crutzen, P. J., and
Rasmussen, R. A.: Ozone destruction and photochemical reactions at polar
sunrise in the lower Arctic atmosphere, Nature, 334, 138–141,
https://doi.org/10.1038/334138a0, 1988. a, b, c
Benavent, N., Mahajan, A. S., Li, Q., Cuevas, C. A., Schmale, J., Angot, H.,
Jokinen, T., Quéléver, L. L. J., Blechschmidt, A. M., Zilker, B.,
Richter, A., Serna, J. A., Garcia-Nieto, D., Fernandez, R. P., Skov, H.,
Dumitrascu, A., oes Pereira, P. S., Abrahamsson, K., Bucci, S., Duetsch,
M., Stohl, A., Beck, I., Laurila, T., Blomquist, B., Howard, D., Archer,
S. D., Bariteau, L., Helmig, D., Hueber, J., Jacobi, H.-W., Posman, K., Dada,
L., Daellenbach, K. R., and Saiz-Lopez, A.: Substantial contribution of
iodine to Arctic ozone destruction, Nat. Geosci., 15, 770–773,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-01018-w, 2022. a
Blechschmidt, A.-M., Richter, A., Burrows, J. P., Kaleschke, L., Strong, K., Theys, N., Weber, M., Zhao, X., and Zien, A.: An exemplary case of a bromine explosion event linked to cyclone development in the Arctic, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 1773–1788, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1773-2016, 2016. a, b
Bottenheim, J. W., Barrie, L. A., Atlas, E., Heidt, L. E., Niki, H., Rasmussen,
R. A., and Shepson, P. B.: Depletion of lower tropospheric ozone during
Arctic spring: The Polar Sunrise Experiment 1988, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 95, 18555–18568, https://doi.org/10.1029/JD095iD11p18555,
1990. a
Bottenheim, J. W., Netcheva, S., Morin, S., and Nghiem, S. V.: Ozone in the boundary layer air over the Arctic Ocean: measurements during the TARA transpolar drift 2006–2008, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4545–4557, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4545-2009, 2009. a
Boylan, P., Helmig, D., Staebler, R., Turnipseed, A., Fairall, C., and Neff,
W.: Boundary layer dynamics during the Ocean-Atmosphere-Sea-Ice-Snow (OASIS)
2009 experiment at Barrow, AK, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
119, 2261–2278, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020299, 2014. a, b
Buchholz, R. R., Emmon, L. K., Tilmes, S., and The CESM2 Development Team:
CESM2.1/CAM-chem Instantaneous Output for Boundary Conditions, Tech. rep.,
UCAR/NCAR – Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory,
https://doi.org/10.5065/NMP7-EP60, subset used Lat: 20 to 88, Lon: −180 to
−130, March–April, NCAR UCAR [data set], https://www.acom.ucar.edu/cam-chem/cam-chem.shtml (last access: 9 March 2023), 2019. a, b, c
Chen, F., Janjić, Z., and Mitchell, K.: Impact of Atmospheric
Surface-layer Parameterizations in the new Land-surface Scheme of the NCEP
Mesoscale Eta Model, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 85, 391–421,
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1000531001463, 1997. a
Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Muntean, M., Schaaf, E., Dentener, F., van Aardenne, J. A., Monni, S., Doering, U., Olivier, J. G. J., Pagliari, V., and Janssens-Maenhout, G.: Gridded emissions of air pollutants for the period 1970–2012 within EDGAR v4.3.2, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1987–2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1987-2018, 2018. a
Crippa, M., Solazzo, E., Huang, G., Guizzardi, D., Koffi, E., Muntean, M., Schieberle, C., Friedrich, R., and Janssens-Maenhout, G.: High resolution temporal
profiles in the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research, Sci. Data,
7, 121, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0462-2, 2020. a, b
Emmons, L. K., Schwantes, R. H., Orlando, J. J., Tyndall, G., Kinnison, D.,
Lamarque, J.-F., Marsh, D., Mills, M. J., Tilmes, S., Bardeen, C., Buchholz,
R. R., Conley, A., Gettelman, A., Garcia, R., Simpson, I., Blake, D. R.,
Meinardi, S., and Pétron, G.: The Chemistry Mechanism in the Community
Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2), J. Adv. Model. Earth
Syst., 12, e2019MS001882, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001882, 2020. a
EPA: Code base for the U.S. EPA's Community Multiscale Air Quality Model
(CMAQ), Tech. rep., EPA,
https://github.com/USEPA/CMAQ/blob/5.2.1/CCTM/src/MECHS/cb05eh51_ae6_aq/mech_cb05eh51_ae6_aq.def (last access: 9 March 2023),
2023. a
Fan, S.-M. and Jacob, D.: Surface ozone depletion in Arctic spring sustained by
bromine reactions on aerosols, Nature, 359, 522–524,
https://doi.org/10.1038/359522a0, 1992. a, b
Hausmann, M. and Platt, U.: Spectroscopic measurement of bromine oxide and
ozone in the high Arctic during Polar Sunrise Experiment 1992, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 99, 25399–25413,
https://doi.org/10.1029/94JD01314, 1994. a
Herbert, G., Green, E., Harris, J., Koenig, G., Roughton, S., and Thaut, K.:
Control and Monitoring Instrumentation for the Continuous Measurement of
Atmospheric CO2 and Meteorological Variables, J. Atmos.
Ocean. Technol., 3, 414–421, 1986a. a
Herbert, G., Green, E., Koenig, G., and Thaut, K.: Monitoring instrumentation
for the continuous measurement and quality assurance of meteorological
observations, Tech. rep., NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL ARL-148, Environmental Research Laboratories (U.S.), 1986b. a
Herbert, G., Harris, J., Bieniulis, M., and McCutcheon, J.: Acquisition and
Data Management, in CMDL Summary Report 1989, Tech. Rep. 18, 50 pp., https://gml.noaa.gov/publications/summary_reports/summary_report_18.pdf (last access: 14 March 2013), 1990. a
Herbert, G., Bieniulis, M., Mefford, T., and Thaut, K.: Acquisition and Data
Management Division, in CMDL Summary Report 1993, Tech. Rep. 22, https://gml.noaa.gov/publications/summary_reports/summary_report_22.pdf (last access: 14 March 2013), 1994. a
Herrmann, M., Sihler, H., Frieß, U., Wagner, T., Platt, U., and Gutheil, E.: Time-dependent 3D simulations of tropospheric ozone depletion events in the Arctic spring using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7611–7638, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7611-2021, 2021. a, b
Herrmann, M., Schöne, M., Borger, C., Warnach, S., Wagner, T., Platt, U., and Gutheil, E.: Ozone depletion events in the Arctic spring of 2019: a new modeling approach to bromine emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13495–13526, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13495-2022, 2022. a
Iacono, M. J., Delamere, J. S., Mlawer, E. J., Shephard, M. W., Clough, S. A.,
and Collins, W. D.: Radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases:
Calculations with the AER radiative transfer models, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 113, D13103, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009944, 2008. a, b
Janjić, Z. I.: The Step-Mountain Eta Coordinate Model: Further Developments
of the Convection, Viscous Sublayer Turbulence Closure Schemes, Mon.
Weather Rev., 122, 927–945,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<0927:TSMECM>2.0.CO;2, 1994. a, b
Lehrer, E., Hönninger, G., and Platt, U.: A one dimensional model study of the mechanism of halogen liberation and vertical transport in the polar troposphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2427–2440, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2427-2004, 2004. a
Marelle, L., Thomas, J. L., Ahmed, S., Tuite, K., Stutz, J., Dommergue, A.,
Simpson, W. R., Frey, M. M., and Baladima, F.: Implementation and Impacts of
Surface and Blowing Snow Sources of Arctic Bromine Activation Within WRF-Chem
4.1.1, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 13, e2020MS002391,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020MS002391, 2021. a, b, c
McClure-Begley, A. and Oltmans. S.: NOAA Global Monitoring Surface Ozone Network, National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce, [data set], ISO 19115-2 Metadata, 2023. a
McConnell, J. C., Henderson, G. S., Barrie, L., Bottenheim, J., Niki, H.,
Langford, C. H., and Templeton, E. M. J.: Photochemical bromine production
implicated in Arctic boundary-layer ozone depletion, Nature, 355, 150–152,
https://doi.org/10.1038/355150a0, 1992. a, b
Mefford, T., Bieniulis, M., Halter, B., and Peterson, J.: Meteorological
Measurements, in CMDL Summary Report 1994–1995, Tech. Rep. 23, 17 pp., https://gml.noaa.gov/publications/summary_reports/summary_report_23.pdf (last access: 14 March 2013), 1996. a
Mellberg, J.: Final Report Ozone Depletion by Bromine and Iodine over the Gulf
of Mexico, Tech. rep., Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, 51 pp., https://wayback.archive-it.org/414/20210529064609/https://www.tceq.texas.gov/assets/public/implementation/air/am/contracts/reports/pm/5821110365FY1412-20141109-environ-bromine.pdf (last access: 14 March 2013), 2014. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i
Monforti-Ferrario, F., Oreggioni, G., Schaaf, E., Guizzardi, D., Olivier, J.,
Solazzo, E., Lo Vullo, E., Crippa, M., Muntean, M., and Vignati, E.: Fossil
CO2 and GHG emissions of all world countries, 2019 report, Publications Office, 2019, 251 pp., https://doi.org/10.2760/687800, 2019. a
National Centers for Environmental Prediction, National Weather Service,
NOAA, and U.S. Department of Commerce: NCEP GDAS/FNL 0.25 Degree Global
Tropospheric Analyses and Forecast Grids, https://doi.org/10.5065/D65Q4T4Z (last access: 9 March 2023),
2015. a
NOAA: Index of /aftp/data/barrow/, Global Monitoring Laboratory, NOAA [data set], https://gml.noaa.gov/aftp/data/barrow/, last access: 9 March 2023. a
Oltmans, S. J.: Surface ozone measurements in clean air, J. Geophys.
Res.-Oceans, 86, 1174–1180, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC086iC02p01174, 1981. a, b
Pesaresi, M., Florczyk, A., Schiavina, M., Melchiorri, M., and Maffenini, L.:
GHS-SMOD R2019A – GHS settlement layers, updated and refined REGIO model 2014
in application to GHS-BUILT R2018A and GHS-POP R2019A, multitemporal
(1975-1990-2000-2015), Tech. rep., European Commission, Joint Research Centre
(JRC), https://doi.org/10.2905/42E8BE89-54FF-464E-BE7B-BF9E64DA5218, 2019. a
Platt, U. and Hönninger, G.: The role of halogen species in the
troposphere, Chemosphere, 52, 325–338, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00216-9,
naturally Produced Organohalogens, 2003. a, b
Platt, U. and Lehrer, E.: Arctic tropospheric ozone chemistry – ARCTOC:
results from field, laboratory and modelling studies: final report of the EU
project Contract No EV5V-V-CT93-0318(DTEF), Luxembourg, ISBN 92-828-2350-4, 1997. a
Rancher, J. and Kritz, M. A.: Diurnal fluctuations of Br and I in the tropical
marine atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 85, 5581–5587,
https://doi.org/10.1029/JC085iC10p05581, 1980. a
Sarwar, G., Gantt, B., Schwede, D., Foley, K., Mathur, R., and Saiz-Lopez, A.:
Impact of Enhanced Ozone Deposition and Halogen Chemistry on Tropospheric
Ozone over the Northern Hemisphere, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49,
9203–9211, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01657, 2015. a, b, c
Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S. N.: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air
Pollution to Climate Change, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd Edn., ISBN 978-1-118-94740-1, 2016. a
Sharma, S., Barrie, L., Magnusson, E., Brattström, G., Leaitch, W., Steffen,
A., and Landsberger, S.: A Factor and Trends Analysis of Multidecadal Lower
Tropospheric Observations of Arctic Aerosol Composition, Black Carbon, Ozone,
and Mercury at Alert, Canada, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
124, 14133–14161, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030844, 2019. a
Sherwen, T., Evans, M. J., Carpenter, L. J., Andrews, S. J., Lidster, R. T., Dix, B., Koenig, T. K., Sinreich, R., Ortega, I., Volkamer, R., Saiz-Lopez, A., Prados-Roman, C., Mahajan, A. S., and Ordóñez, C.: Iodine's impact on tropospheric oxidants: a global model study in GEOS-Chem, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 1161–1186, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1161-2016, 2016. a, b
Simeng-unique: acp-supplements, GitHub [data set], https://github.com/Simeng-unique/acp-supplements, last access: 9 March 2023. a
Simpson, W. R., von Glasow, R., Riedel, K., Anderson, P., Ariya, P., Bottenheim, J., Burrows, J., Carpenter, L. J., Frieß, U., Goodsite, M. E., Heard, D., Hutterli, M., Jacobi, H.-W., Kaleschke, L., Neff, B., Plane, J., Platt, U., Richter, A., Roscoe, H., Sander, R., Shepson, P., Sodeau, J., Steffen, A., Wagner, T., and Wolff, E.: Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375–4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007, 2007. a, b
Skamarock, W. C., Klemp, J. B., and J. Dudhia, e. a.: A Description of the
Advanced Research WRF Version 3, Tech. rep., University Corporation for
Atmospheric Research, https://doi.org/10.5065/D68S4MVH, 2008. a, b
Steffen, A., Douglas, T., Amyot, M., Ariya, P., Aspmo, K., Berg, T., Bottenheim, J., Brooks, S., Cobbett, F., Dastoor, A., Dommergue, A., Ebinghaus, R., Ferrari, C., Gardfeldt, K., Goodsite, M. E., Lean, D., Poulain, A. J., Scherz, C., Skov, H., Sommar, J., and Temme, C.: A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1445–1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008, 2008. a
Stull, R. B.: An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology, Springer,
Dordrecht, 670, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3027-8, 1988. a
Swanson, W., Graham, K. A., Halfacre, J. W., Holmes, C. D., Shepson, P. B., and
Simpson, W. R.: Arctic Reactive Bromine Events Occur in Two Distinct Sets of
Environmental Conditions: A Statistical Analysis of 6 Years of Observations,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, e2019JD032139,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032139, 2020. a
Thomas, J. L., Stutz, J., Lefer, B., Huey, L. G., Toyota, K., Dibb, J. E., and von Glasow, R.: Modeling chemistry in and above snow at Summit, Greenland – Part 1: Model description and results, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 4899–4914, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-4899-2011, 2011. a
Thomas, J. L., Dibb, J. E., Huey, L. G., Liao, J., Tanner, D., Lefer, B., von Glasow, R., and Stutz, J.: Modeling chemistry in and above snow at Summit, Greenland – Part 2: Impact of snowpack chemistry on the oxidation capacity of the boundary layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 6537–6554, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-6537-2012, 2012. a
Thompson, G., Field, P. R., Rasmussen, R. M., and Hall, W. D.: Explicit
Forecasts of Winter Precipitation Using an Improved Bulk Microphysics Scheme.
Part II: Implementation of a New Snow Parameterization, Mon. Weather
Rev., 136, 5095–5115, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008MWR2387.1, 2008. a
Tiedtke, M.: A Comprehensive Mass Flux Scheme for Cumulus Parameterization in
Large-Scale Models, Mon. Weather Rev., 117, 1779–1800,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<1779:ACMFSF>2.0.CO;2, 1989. a
USEPA: CMAQ, Github [data set], https://github.com/USEPA/CMAQ/ (last access: last access: 9 March 2023. a
US EPA Office of Research and Development: CMAQ,
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1212601, For up-to-date documentation, source code, and
sample run scripts, please clone or download the CMAQ git repository
available through GitHub: https://github.com/USEPA/CMAQ/tree/5.2.1 (last access: 9 March 2023), 2018.
a, b, c
US EPA Office of Research and Development: CMAQ,
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4081737, For up-to-date documentation, source code, and
sample run scripts, please clone or download the CMAQ git repository
available through GitHub: https://github.com/USEPA/CMAQ (last access: 9 March 2023), 2020. a
von Glasow, R. and Crutzen, P.: 5.2 – Tropospheric Halogen Chemistry, in:
Treatise on Geochemistry (Second Edition), edited by: Holland, H. D. and
Turekian, K. K., 19–69, Elsevier, Oxford, 2nd Edn.,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00402-2, 2014. a
Wennberg, P. O.: Bromine Explosion, Nature, 397, 299–301, https://doi.org/10.1038/16805,
1999. a
WPC: Surface analysis 06Z Tue Feb 28 2023, http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/html/sfc-zoom.php, last access: 9 March 2023. a
WRF: WRF Source Codes and Graphics Software Download Page, WRF [data set], https://www2.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/download/get_sources.html, last access: 9 March 2023. a
Yang, X., Pyle, J. A., and Cox, R. A.: Sea salt aerosol production and bromine
release: Role of snow on sea ice, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L16815,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034536, 2008. a
Yang, X., Pyle, J. A., Cox, R. A., Theys, N., and Van Roozendael, M.: Snow-sourced bromine and its implications for polar tropospheric ozone, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7763–7773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7763-2010, 2010. a
Yang, X., Frey, M. M., Rhodes, R. H., Norris, S. J., Brooks, I. M., Anderson, P. S., Nishimura, K., Jones, A. E., and Wolff, E. W.: Sea salt aerosol production via sublimating wind-blown saline snow particles over sea ice: parameterizations and relevant microphysical mechanisms, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8407–8424, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8407-2019, 2019. a
Yarwood, G., Jung, J., Nopmongcol, O., and Emery, C.: Final Report Improving
CAMx Performance in Simulating Ozone Transport from the Gulf of Mexico, Tech.
rep., Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-08/documents/gulfofmexico.pdf (last access: 14 March 2013), 2012. a, b
Zeng, T., Wang, Y., Chance, K., Browell, E. V., Ridley, B. A., and Atlas,
E. L.: Widespread persistent near-surface ozone depletion at northern high
latitudes in spring, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 2298,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018587, 2003. a
Zeng, T., Wang, Y., Chance, K., Blake, N., Blake, D., and Ridley, B.:
Halogen-driven low-altitude O3 and hydrocarbon losses in spring at northern
high latitudes, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D17313,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006706, 2006. a, b
Short summary
We performed a 3-D mesoscale model study on ozone depletion events (ODEs) occurring in the spring of 2019 at Barrow using an air quality model, CMAQ. Many ODEs observed at Barrow were captured by the model, and the contribution from each physical or chemical process to ozone and bromine species during ODEs was quantitatively evaluated. We found the ODEs at Barrow to be strongly influenced by horizontal transport. In contrast, over the sea, local chemistry significantly reduced the surface ozone.
We performed a 3-D mesoscale model study on ozone depletion events (ODEs) occurring in the...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint