Articles | Volume 22, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5651-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5651-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
28 Apr 2022
Research article |
| 28 Apr 2022
| 28 Apr 2022
Aqueous chemical bleaching of 4-nitrophenol brown carbon by hydroxyl radicals; products, mechanism, and light absorption
Bartłomiej Witkowski
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, al. Żwirki i Wigury
101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
Priyanka Jain
Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, al. Żwirki i Wigury
101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
Tomasz Gierczak
Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, al. Żwirki i Wigury
101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
Related authors
Vinh Nguyen, Bartłomiej Witkowski, and Tomasz Gierczak
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1251, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1251, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This article provides new insights into the molecular composition of fine, light-absorbing organic aerosols emitted by biomass burning. Laboratory-generated aerosol was extracted into water and analyzed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, identifying over 350 new water-soluble wood burning tracers. This study also examines the toxicities and atmospheric lifetimes, revealing that the newly identified molecules are harmful and can undergo chemical processing in atmospheric hydrometeors.
Bartłomiej Witkowski, Priyanka Jain, Beata Wileńska, and Tomasz Gierczak
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 663–688, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-663-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-663-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This article reports the results of the kinetic measurements for the aqueous oxidation of the 29 aliphatic alcohols by hydroxyl radical (OH) at different temperatures. The data acquired and the literature data were used to optimize a model for predicting the aqueous OH reactivity of alcohols and carboxylic acids and to estimate the atmospheric lifetimes of five terpenoic alcohols. The kinetic data provided new insights into the mechanism of aqueous oxidation of aliphatic molecules by the OH.
Chelsea E. Stockwell, Agnieszka Kupc, Bartłomiej Witkowski, Ranajit K. Talukdar, Yong Liu, Vanessa Selimovic, Kyle J. Zarzana, Kanako Sekimoto, Carsten Warneke, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Robert J. Yokelson, Ann M. Middlebrook, and James M. Roberts
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 2749–2768, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2749-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2749-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This work investigates the total conversion of particle-bound nitrogen and organic carbon across platinum and molybdenum catalysts followed by NO–O3 chemiluminescence and nondispersive infrared CO2 detection. We show the instrument is an accurate particle mass measurement method and demonstrate its ability to calibrate particle mass measurement instrumentation through comparisons with a calibrated particle-into-liquid sampler coupled to an electrospray ionization source of a mass spectrometer.
Vinh Nguyen, Bartłomiej Witkowski, and Tomasz Gierczak
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1251, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1251, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This article provides new insights into the molecular composition of fine, light-absorbing organic aerosols emitted by biomass burning. Laboratory-generated aerosol was extracted into water and analyzed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, identifying over 350 new water-soluble wood burning tracers. This study also examines the toxicities and atmospheric lifetimes, revealing that the newly identified molecules are harmful and can undergo chemical processing in atmospheric hydrometeors.
Bartłomiej Witkowski, Priyanka Jain, Beata Wileńska, and Tomasz Gierczak
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 663–688, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-663-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-663-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This article reports the results of the kinetic measurements for the aqueous oxidation of the 29 aliphatic alcohols by hydroxyl radical (OH) at different temperatures. The data acquired and the literature data were used to optimize a model for predicting the aqueous OH reactivity of alcohols and carboxylic acids and to estimate the atmospheric lifetimes of five terpenoic alcohols. The kinetic data provided new insights into the mechanism of aqueous oxidation of aliphatic molecules by the OH.
Chelsea E. Stockwell, Agnieszka Kupc, Bartłomiej Witkowski, Ranajit K. Talukdar, Yong Liu, Vanessa Selimovic, Kyle J. Zarzana, Kanako Sekimoto, Carsten Warneke, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Robert J. Yokelson, Ann M. Middlebrook, and James M. Roberts
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 2749–2768, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2749-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2749-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This work investigates the total conversion of particle-bound nitrogen and organic carbon across platinum and molybdenum catalysts followed by NO–O3 chemiluminescence and nondispersive infrared CO2 detection. We show the instrument is an accurate particle mass measurement method and demonstrate its ability to calibrate particle mass measurement instrumentation through comparisons with a calibrated particle-into-liquid sampler coupled to an electrospray ionization source of a mass spectrometer.
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Laboratory Studies | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
The role of surface-active macromolecules in the ice-nucleating ability of lignin, Snomax, and agricultural soil extracts
Secondary organic aerosol formation from nitrate radical oxidation of styrene: aerosol yields, chemical composition, and hydrolysis of organic nitrates
Hydrogen peroxide photoformation in particulate matter and its contribution to S(IV) oxidation during winter in Fairbanks, Alaska
Insight into the size-resolved markers and eco-health significance of microplastics from typical sources in northwest China
Laboratory studies on the optical, physical, and chemical properties of fresh and aged biomass burning aerosols
The importance of burning conditions on the composition of domestic biomass-burning organic aerosol and the impact of atmospheric ageing
Heterogeneous phototransformation of halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: influencing factors, mechanisms and products
Initiation of linoleic acid autoxidation with ozone exposure in levitated aerosol particles
Measurement Report: Seasonal trends and chemical speciation of chromium (III/VI) in different fractions of urban particulate matter – a case study of Radom, Poland
Boosting aerosol surface effects: strongly enhanced cooperative surface propensity of atmospherically relevant organic molecular ions in aqueous solution
Potential contribution to secondary aerosols from benzothiazoles in the atmospheric aqueous phase based on oxidation and oligomerization mechanisms
Molecular insight into aqueous-phase photolysis and photooxidation of water-soluble organic matter emitted from biomass burning and coal combustion
Roles of pH, ionic strength, and sulfate in the aqueous nitrate-mediated photooxidation of green leaf volatiles
The lifetimes and potential change in planetary albedo owing to the oxidation of thin surfactant organic films extracted from atmospheric aerosol by hydroxyl (OH) radicals at the air–water interface of particles
Gas-particle partitioning of m-xylene and naphthalene oxidation products: temperature and NOx influence
Surprisingly Robust Photochemistry in Subarctic Particles During Winter: Evidence from Photooxidants
Exometabolomic exploration of culturable airborne microorganisms from an urban atmosphere
Ozonolysis of primary biomass burning organic aerosol particles: Insights into reactivity and phase state
Measurement Report: Changes in ammonia emissions since the 18th century in south-eastern Europe inferred from an Elbrus (Caucasus, Russia) ice-core record
Atmospheric oxidation of 1,3-butadiene: influence of seed aerosol acidity and relative humidity on SOA composition and the production of air toxic compounds
Formation and composition of organic aerosols from the uptake of glyoxal on natural mineral dust aerosols: a laboratory study
Enhanced sulfate formation in mixed biomass burning and sea-salt interactions mediated by photosensitization: effects of chloride, nitrogen-containing compounds, and atmospheric aging
Photochemical aging of aviation emissions: transformation of chemical and physical properties of exhaust emissions from a laboratory-scale jet engine combustion chamber
Heterogeneous formation and light absorption of secondary organic aerosols from acetone photochemical reactions: remarkably enhancing effects of seeds and ammonia
Experimental observation of the impact of nanostructure on hygroscopicity and reactivity of fatty acid atmospheric aerosol proxies
Technical note: High-resolution analyses of concentrations and sizes of refractory black carbon particles deposited in northwestern Greenland over the past 350 years – Part 1: Continuous flow analysis of the SIGMA-D ice core using the wide-range Single-Particle Soot Photometer and a high-efficiency nebulizer
HOMs and SOA formation from the oxidation of α- and β-phellandrenes by NO3 radicals
Particulate emissions from cooking: emission factors, emission dynamics, and mass spectrometric analysis for different cooking methods
Copper accelerates photochemically induced radical chemistry of iron-containing SOA
Nocturnal atmospheric synergistic oxidation reduces the formation of low-volatility organic compounds from biogenic emissions
The interplay between aqueous replacement reaction and the phase state of internally mixed organic/ammonium aerosols
Measurement report: The Fifth International Workshop on Ice Nucleation phase 1 (FIN-01): intercomparison of single-particle mass spectrometers
Characterization of the particle size distribution, mineralogy, and Fe mode of occurrence of dust-emitting sediments from the Mojave Desert, California, USA
Measurement report: Effects of transition metal ions on the optical properties of humic-like substances (HULIS) reveal a structural preference – a case study of PM2.5 in Beijing, China
Probing Iceland's dust-emitting sediments: particle size distribution, mineralogy, cohesion, Fe mode of occurrence, and reflectance spectra signatures
Photoenhanced sulfate formation by the heterogeneous uptake of SO2 on non-photoactive mineral dust
Comparison of water-soluble and water-insoluble organic compositions attributing to different light absorption efficiency between residential coal and biomass burning emissions
Suppressed atmospheric chemical aging of cooking organic aerosol particles in wintertime conditions
Formation and loss of light absorbance by phenolic aqueous SOA by ●OH and an organic triplet excited state
Technical Note: A technique to convert NO2 to NO2− with S(IV) and its application to measuring nitrate photolysis
Distribution, chemical, and molecular composition of high and low molecular weight humic-like substances in ambient aerosols
Desorption lifetimes and activation energies influencing gas–surface interactions and multiphase chemical kinetics
Molecular analysis of secondary organic aerosol and brown carbon from the oxidation of indole
Secondary organic aerosol formed by Euro 5 gasoline vehicle emissions: chemical composition and gas-to-particle phase partitioning
Assessment of the contribution of residential waste burning to ambient PM10 concentrations in Hungary and Romania
Source differences in the components and cytotoxicity of PM2.5 from automobile exhaust, coal combustion, and biomass burning contributing to urban aerosol toxicity
Chamber studies of OH + dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl disulfide: insights into the dimethyl sulfide oxidation mechanism
Low-temperature ice nucleation of sea spray and secondary marine aerosols under cirrus cloud conditions
Temperature-dependent aqueous OH kinetics of C2–C10 linear and terpenoid alcohols and diols: new rate coefficients, structure–activity relationship, and atmospheric lifetimes
A possible unaccounted source of nitrogen-containing compound formation in aerosols: amines reacting with secondary ozonides
Kathleen A. Alden, Paul Bieber, Anna J. Miller, Nicole Link, Benjamin J. Murray, and Nadine Borduas-Dedekind
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 6179–6195, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6179-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6179-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Lignin and Snomax are surface-active macromolecules that show a relationship between increasing concentrations, decreasing surface tension, and increasing ice-nucleating ability. However, this relationship did not hold for agricultural soil extracts collected in the UK and Canada. To explain this difference, we propose that as the complexity of the sample increases, the hydrophobic interfaces in the bulk compete with the air–water interface.
Yuchen Wang, Xiang Zhang, Yuanlong Huang, Yutong Liang, and Nga L. Ng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5215–5231, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5215-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5215-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This work provides the first fundamental laboratory data to evaluate SOA (secondary organic aerosol) production from styrene and NO3 chemistry. Additionally, the formation mechanisms of aromatic organic nitrates (ONs) are reported, highlighting that previously identified nitroaromatics in ambient field campaigns can be aromatic ONs. Finally, the hydrolysis lifetimes observed for ONs generated from styrene and NO3 oxidation can serve as experimentally constrained parameters for modeling hydrolysis of aromatic ONs in general.
Michael Oluwatoyin Sunday, Laura Marie Dahler Heinlein, Junwei He, Allison Moon, Sukriti Kapur, Ting Fang, Kasey C. Edwards, Fangzhou Guo, Jack Dibb, James H. Flynn III, Becky Alexander, Manabu Shiraiwa, and Cort Anastasio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5087–5100, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5087-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5087-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrogen peroxide (HOOH) is an important oxidant that forms atmospheric sulfate. We demonstrate that the illumination of brown carbon can rapidly form HOOH within particles, even under the low-sunlight conditions of Fairbanks, Alaska, during winter. This in-particle formation of HOOH is fast enough that it forms sulfate at significant rates. In contrast, the formation of HOOH in the gas phase during the campaign is expected to be negligible because of high NOx levels.
Liyan Liu, Hongmei Xu, Mengyun Yang, Abdullah Akhtar, Jian Sun, and Zhenxing Shen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1821, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1821, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric microplastics and plasticizers can disperse into ecosystem and directly enter the human body, causing multiple adverse effects. The fingerprint markers of microplastics sources are very lacking. We examine the concentration, size distribution, eco-health risks and production of reactive oxygen species of microplastics from five typical sources, especially neglected rural sources. Our results could provide a scientific foundation for developing efficient management strategies.
Zheng Yang, Qiaoqiao Wang, Qiyuan Wang, Nan Ma, Jie Tian, Yaqing Zhou, Ge Xu, Miao Gao, Xiaoxian Zhou, Yang Zhang, Weikang Ran, Ning Yang, Jiangchuan Tao, Juan Hong, Yunfei Wu, Junji Cao, Hang Su, and Yafang Cheng
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1020, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1020, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our results demonstrate that the reduction in mass absorption efficiency from biomass burning is mainly driven by the decline in the imaginary part, with particle size playing a minor role. And light absorption of oxygenated BrC increases significantly with aging, but hydrocarbon-like BrC decrease over time. These results emphasize the necessity to classify BrC into different groups based on their mass absorption efficiency and atmospheric behavior in climate models.
Rhianna L. Evans, Daniel J. Bryant, Aristeidis Voliotis, Dawei Hu, Huihui Wu, Sara Aisyah Syafira, Osayomwanbor E. Oghama, Gordon McFiggans, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, and Andrew R. Rickard
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4367–4389, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4367-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4367-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical composition of organic aerosol derived from wood-burning emissions under different burning conditions was characterised. Fresh emissions from flaming and smouldering were largely aromatic in nature, whereas upon aging the aromatic content decreased. This decrease was greater for smouldering due to the loss of toxic polyaromatic species, whereas under flaming conditions highly toxic polyaromatic species were produced. These differences present an important challenge for future policy.
Yueyao Yang, Yahui Liu, Guohua Zhu, Bingcheng Lin, Shanshan Zhang, Xin Li, Fangxi Xu, He Niu, Rong Jin, and Minghui Zheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3981–3994, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3981-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3981-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (XPAHs) are emerging pollutants. Stability during atmospheric transformation processes is crucial for predicting their environmental fate and assessing the associated risks. Here, we conducted field studies and laboratory simulation experiments to reveal the mechanisms, influencing factors and products for XPAHs' heterogeneous phototransformation. Results revealed that the conversion of XPAHs led to a reduction in environmental risk.
Marcel Müller, Marcel Reichmuth, and Ulrich Karl Krieger
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1238, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1238, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The initiation of autoxidation by ozonolysis was investigated on levitated linoleic acid droplets using electrodynamic balance–mass spectrometry. Exposing the droplets to ozone for one hour before switching the gas phase to air without ozone led to a shortening of the autoxidation initiation phase in comparison to experiments without ozone exposure. Results were compared to a bulk reaction model to investigate the synergistic effects of ozonolysis and autoxidation.
Monika Łożyńska, Marzena Trojanowska, Artur Molik, and Ryszard Świetlik
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-541, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-541, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The assessment of chromium occurrence in particulate matter in cities: PM10, PM2.5, PM1 and PM0.25 during the calendar year was presented. The seasonality of both pseudototal chromium content and its valence speciation was examined. Seasonality of changes in Crtot and Cr(VI) concentrations was observed. Maximum in the winter season, most likely due to the greater share of fuel combustion sources. Regardless of the season, the risk levels for Radom residents were within the acceptable risk range.
Harmanjot Kaur, Stephan Thürmer, Shirin Gholami, Bruno Credidio, Florian Trinter, Debora Vasconcelos, Ricardo Marinho, Joel Pinheiro, Hendrik Bluhm, Arnaldo Naves de Brito, Gunnar Öhrwall, Bernd Winter, and Olle Björneholm
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3503–3518, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3503-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3503-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the surface composition of aerosols is crucial for advancing climate models. We investigated the interface of single-component and mixed aqueous solutions of atmospherically relevant carboxylic acid and alkyl-ammonium ions using liquid-jet photoelectron spectroscopy. An exponential increase in surface propensity as a function of chain length was found for the single species, and cooperative effects in the mixtures cause a further drastic increase in surface solute concentration.
Qun Zhang, Wei Zhou, Shanshan Tang, Kai Huang, Jie Fu, Zechen Yu, Yunhe Teng, Shuyi Shen, Yang Mei, Xuezhi Yang, Jianjie Fu, and Guibin Jiang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1028, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1028, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This article comprehensively investigates the aqueous-phase OH oxidation of benzothiazoles (BTs), common rubber additives found in urban air, through laboratory simulation experiments. BTs can rapidly degrade, leading to light absorption, high yields of sulfate, and the formation of highly oxidized and/or oligomerized organic compounds. The results reveal that aqueous-phase BTs can contribute to secondary aerosols, altering the chemical and optical properties of atmospheric particles.
Tao Cao, Cuncun Xu, Hao Chen, Jianzhong Song, Jun Li, Haiyan Song, Bin Jiang, Yin Zhong, and Ping’an Peng
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-561, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-561, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the evolution of biomass and coal combustion-derived WSOM during aqueous photochemical process. The results indicate that photochemical aging induces distinct changes in the optical and molecular properties of WSOM and more pronounced alterations were observed during ·OH photooxidation than direct photolysis. Notably, our results also demostrated that atmospheric photooxidation may represent a significant source of BC-like substances.
Yuting Lyu, Taekyu Joo, Ruihan Ma, Mark Kristan Espejo Cabello, Tianye Zhou, Shun Yeung, Cheuk Ki Wong, Yifang Gu, Yiming Qin, and Theodora Nah
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-570, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-570, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the aqueous nitrate-mediated photooxidation of four green leaf volatiles (GLVs). The aqueous reaction medium conditions, dilute cloud/fog vs. concentrated aqueous aerosol conditions, governed the effects that pH, ionic strength, and sulfate have on the GLV degradation rates and aqSOA mass yields. Most notably, reactions initiated by sulfate photolysis have significant effects in aqueous aerosols, but not in cloud/fog droplets.
Rosalie H. Shepherd, Martin D. King, Andrew D. Ward, Edward J. Stuckey, Rebecca J. L. Welbourn, Neil Brough, Adam Milsom, Christian Pfrang, and Thomas Arnold
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2569–2588, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2569-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2569-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Thin film formation at the air–water interface from material extracted from atmospheric aerosol was demonstrated, supporting the core–shell morphology. Film thicknesses were approximately 10 Å and 17 Å for urban and remote extracts, respectively. Exposure to gas-phase OH radicals showed fast reactions and short lifetimes of around 1 h. The effect on the Earth's radiative balance indicated that removing half of the film could significantly increase the top-of-atmosphere albedo for urban films.
Marwa Shahin, Julien Kammer, Brice Temime-Roussel, and Barbara D'Anna
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-833, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-833, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Air pollution and climate change are influenced by tiny airborne particles called aerosols. This study explores how pollutants from urban sources, as m-xylene and naphthalene, form new particles in the atmosphere under different conditions. Using advanced techniques, we show how temperature and nitrogen oxides affect the formation and behaviour of these particles. Our findings will improve our understanding on secondary organic particle and air quality models.
Laura Marie Dahler Heinlein, Junwei He, Michael Oluwatoyin Sunday, Fangzhou Guo, James Campbell, Allison Moon, Sukriti Kapur, Ting Fang, Kasey Edwards, Meeta Cesler-Maloney, Alyssa J. Burns, Jack Dibb, William Simpson, Manabu Shiraiwa, Becky Alexander, Jingqiu Mao, James H. Flynn III, Jochen Stutz, and Cort Anastasio
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-824, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-824, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
High-latitude cities like Fairbanks, Alaska, experience severe wintertime pollution episodes. While conventional wisdom holds that oxidation is slow under these conditions, field measurements find oxidized products in particles. To explore this, we measured oxidants in aqueous extracts of winter particles from Fairbanks. We find high concentrations of oxidants during illumination, indicating that particle photochemistry can be significant even in high latitudes during winter.
Rui Jin, Wei Hu, Peimin Duan, Ming Sheng, Dandan Liu, Ziye Huang, Mutong Niu, Libin Wu, Junjun Deng, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1805–1829, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1805-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1805-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The metabolic capacity of atmospheric microorganisms after settling into habitats is poorly understood. We studied the molecular composition of exometabolites for cultured typical airborne microbes and traced their metabolic processes. Bacteria and fungi produce highly oxidized exometabolites and have significant variations in metabolism among different strains. These insights are pivotal for assessing the biogeochemical impacts of atmospheric microorganisms following their deposition.
Sophie Bogler, Jun Zhang, Rico K. Y. Cheung, Kun Li, Andre S. H. Prevot, Imad El Haddad, and David M. Bell
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-385, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-385, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Authentic aerosols emitted from residential wood stoves and open burning processes are only slightly oxidized by ozone in the atmosphere. Under dry conditions the reaction does not proceed to completion, while under high humidity conditions the reactivity proceeds further. These results indicate the reactivity with ozone is likely impacted by aerosol phase state (e.g. aerosol viscosity).
Michel Legrand, Mstislav Vorobyev, Daria Bokuchava, Stanislav Kutuzov, Andreas Plach, Andreas Stohl, Alexandra Khairedinova, Vladimir Mikhalenko, Maria Vinogradova, Sabine Eckhardt, and Susanne Preunkert
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1385–1399, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1385-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1385-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Past atmospheric NH3 pollution in south-eastern Europe was reconstructed by analysing ammonium in an ice core drilled at the Mount Elbrus (Caucasus, Russia). The observed 3.5-fold increase in ice concentrations between 1750 and 1990 CE is in good agreement with estimated past dominant ammonia emissions from agriculture, mainly from south European Russia and Türkiye. In contrast to present-day conditions, the ammonium level observed in 1750 CE indicates significant natural emissions at that time.
Mohammed Jaoui, Klara Nestorowicz, Krzysztof J. Rudzinski, Michael Lewandowski, Tadeusz E. Kleindienst, Julio Torres, Ewa Bulska, Witold Danikiewicz, and Rafal Szmigielski
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1401–1432, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1401-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1401-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Recent research has established the contribution of 1,3-butadiene (13BD) to organic aerosol formation with negative implications for urban air quality. Health effect studies have focused on whole particulate matter, but compounds responsible for adverse health effects remain uncertain. This study provides the effect of relative humidity and seed aerosol acidity on the chemical composition of aerosol formed from 13BD photooxidation.
Francesco Battaglia, Paola Formenti, Chiara Giorio, Mathieu Cazaunau, Edouard Pangui, Antonin Bergé, Aline Gratien, Thomas Bertin, Joël F. de Brito, Manolis N. Romanias, Vincent Michoud, Clarissa Baldo, Servanne Chevaillier, Gaël Noyalet, Philippe Decorse, Bénédicte Picquet-Varrault, and Jean-François Doussin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4073, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4073, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents an experimental investigation of the interactions between glyoxal, an important volatile organic compound, and mineral dust particles of size and composition typical of natural conditions. We show that their interactions modifies in a definitive way the concentrations of the gas phase and the properties of the dust, which could have important implications of the atmospheric composition and the Earth's climate.
Rongzhi Tang, Jialiang Ma, Ruifeng Zhang, Weizhen Cui, Yuanyuan Qin, Yangxi Chu, Yiming Qin, Alexander L. Vogel, and Chak K. Chan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 425–439, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-425-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-425-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides laboratory evidence that the photosensitizers in biomass burning extracts can enhance sulfate formation in NaCl particles, primarily by triggering the formation of secondary oxidants under light and air conditions, with a lower contribution of direct photosensitization via triplets.
Anni Hartikainen, Mika Ihalainen, Deeksha Shukla, Marius Rohkamp, Arya Mukherjee, Quanfu He, Sandra Piel, Aki Virkkula, Delun Li, Tuukka Kokkola, Seongho Jeong, Hanna Koponen, Uwe Etzien, Anusmita Das, Krista Luoma, Lukas Schwalb, Thomas Gröger, Alexandre Barth, Martin Sklorz, Thorsten Streibel, Hendryk Czech, Benedikt Gündling, Markus Kalberer, Bert Buchholz, Andreas Hupfer, Thomas Adam, Thorsten Hohaus, Johan Øvrevik, Ralf Zimmermann, and Olli Sippula
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3836, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3836, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Photochemical reactions altered the properties of kerosene-operated jet engine burner exhaust emissions, which were studied in laboratory using an oxidation flow reactor. Particle mass increased 300-fold as particles and gases became more oxidized. Light absorption increased, but the total direct radiative forcing efficiency was estimated to shift from positive to negative. The results highlight the importance of considering secondary aerosol formation when assessing the impacts of aviation.
Si Zhang, Yining Gao, Xinbei Xu, Luyao Chen, Can Wu, Zheng Li, Rongjie Li, Binyu Xiao, Xiaodi Liu, Rui Li, Fan Zhang, and Gehui Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 14177–14190, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-14177-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-14177-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) from acetone photooxidation in the presence of various seeds were studied to illustrate SOA formation kinetics under ammonia-rich conditions. The oxidation mechanism of acetone was investigated using an observation-based model incorporating a Master Chemical Mechanism model. A higher SOA yield of acetone was observed compared to methylglyoxal due to an enhanced uptake of the small photooxidation products of acetone.
Adam Milsom, Adam M. Squires, Ben Laurence, Ben Wōden, Andrew J. Smith, Andrew D. Ward, and Christian Pfrang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13571–13586, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13571-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13571-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We followed nano-structural changes in mixtures found in urban organic aerosol emissions (oleic acid, sodium oleate and fructose) during humidity change and ozone exposure. We demonstrate that self-assembly of fatty acid nanostructures can impact water uptake and chemical reactivity, affecting atmospheric lifetimes, urban air quality (preventing harmful emissions from degradation and enabling their long-range transport) and climate (affecting cloud formation), with implications for human health.
Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Remi Dallmayr, Yoshimi Ogawa-Tsukagawa, Nobuhiro Moteki, Tatsuhiro Mori, Sho Ohata, Yutaka Kondo, Makoto Koike, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Jun Ogata, Kyotaro Kitamura, Kenji Kawamura, Koji Fujita, Sumito Matoba, Naoko Nagatsuka, Akane Tsushima, Kaori Fukuda, and Teruo Aoki
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12985–13000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12985-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12985-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a continuous flow analysis system to analyze an ice core from northwestern Greenland and coupled it with an improved refractory black carbon (rBC) measurement technique. This allowed accurate high-resolution analyses of size distributions and concentrations of rBC particles with diameters of 70 nm–4 μm for the past 350 years. Our results provide crucial insights into rBC's climatic effects. We also found previous ice core studies substantially underestimated rBC mass concentrations.
Sergio Harb, Manuela Cirtog, Stéphanie Alage, Christopher Cantrell, Mathieu Cazaunau, Vincent Michoud, Edouard Pangui, Antonin Bergé, Chiara Giorio, Francesco Battaglia, and Bénédicte Picquet-Varrault
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3419, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3419, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the reactions of α- and β-phellandrenes (from vegetation emissions) with NO3 radicals, a major nighttime oxidant from human activities. Using lab-based simulations, we examined these reactions and measured particle formation and by-products. Our findings reveal that α- and β-phellandrenes are efficient particle sources and enhance our understanding of biogenic-anthropogenic interactions and their contributions to atmospheric changes affecting climate and health.
Julia Pikmann, Frank Drewnick, Friederike Fachinger, and Stephan Borrmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12295–12321, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12295-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12295-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Cooking activities can contribute substantially to indoor and ambient aerosol. We performed a comprehensive study with laboratory measurements cooking 19 different dishes and ambient measurements at two Christmas markets measuring various particle properties and trace gases of emissions in real time. Similar emission characteristics were observed for dishes with the same preparation method, mainly due to similar cooking temperature and use of oil, with barbecuing as an especially strong source.
Kevin Kilchhofer, Markus Ammann, Laura Torrent, Ka Yuen Cheung, and Peter Aaron Alpert
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3226, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3226, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles composed of metal complexes generate radicals as the result of photochemical reactions. Reactive species generated are hazardous to human health. We report microscopy data with particles composed of an organic proxy exposed to UV light. We found that copper influenced the reoxidation and initial iron reduction via photolysis of the complex. New model results suggest that we need to account a decreased photochemical activity and use a copper-induced reoxidation reaction.
Han Zang, Zekun Luo, Chenxi Li, Ziyue Li, Dandan Huang, and Yue Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11701–11716, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11701-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11701-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric organics are subject to synergistic oxidation by different oxidants, yet the mechanisms of such processes are poorly understood. Here, using direct measurements and kinetic modeling, we probe the nocturnal synergistic-oxidation mechanism of α-pinene by O3 and NO3 radicals and in particular the fate of peroxy radical intermediates of different origins, which will deepen our understanding of the monoterpene oxidation chemistry and its contribution to atmospheric particle formation.
Hui Yang, Fengfeng Dong, Li Xia, Qishen Huang, Shufeng Pang, and Yunhong Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11619–11635, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11619-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11619-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric secondary aerosols, composed of organic and inorganic components, undergo complex reactions that impact their phase state. Using molecular spectroscopy, we showed that ammonium-promoted aqueous replacement reaction, unique to these aerosols, is closely linked to phase behavior. The interplay between reactions and aerosol phase state can cause atypical phase transition and irreversible changes in aerosol composition during hygroscopic cycles, further impacting atmospheric processes.
Xiaoli Shen, David M. Bell, Hugh Coe, Naruki Hiranuma, Fabian Mahrt, Nicholas A. Marsden, Claudia Mohr, Daniel M. Murphy, Harald Saathoff, Johannes Schneider, Jacqueline Wilson, Maria A. Zawadowicz, Alla Zelenyuk, Paul J. DeMott, Ottmar Möhler, and Daniel J. Cziczo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10869–10891, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10869-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10869-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Single-particle mass spectrometry (SPMS) is commonly used to measure the chemical composition and mixing state of aerosol particles. Intercomparison of SPMS instruments was conducted. All instruments reported similar size ranges and common spectral features. The instrument-specific detection efficiency was found to be more dependent on particle size than type. All differentiated secondary organic aerosol, soot, and soil dust but had difficulties differentiating among minerals and dusts.
Adolfo González-Romero, Cristina González-Flórez, Agnesh Panta, Jesús Yus-Díez, Patricia Córdoba, Andres Alastuey, Natalia Moreno, Melani Hernández-Chiriboga, Konrad Kandler, Martina Klose, Roger N. Clark, Bethany L. Ehlmann, Rebecca N. Greenberger, Abigail M. Keebler, Phil Brodrick, Robert Green, Paul Ginoux, Xavier Querol, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9155–9176, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9155-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9155-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this research, we studied the dust-emitting properties of crusts and aeolian ripples from the Mojave Desert. These properties are key to understanding the effect of dust upon climate. We found two different playa lakes according to the groundwater regime, which implies differences in crusts' cohesion state and mineralogy, which can affect the dust emission potential and properties. We also compare them with Moroccan Sahara crusts and Icelandic top sediments.
Juanjuan Qin, Leiming Zhang, Yuanyuan Qin, Shaoxuan Shi, Jingnan Li, Zhao Shu, Yuwei Gao, Ting Qi, Jihua Tan, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7575–7589, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7575-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7575-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The present research unveiled that acidity dominates while transition metal ions harmonize with the light absorption properties of humic-like substances (HULIS). Cu2+ has quenching effects on HULIS by complexation, hydrogen substitution, or electrostatic adsorption, with aromatic structures of HULIS. Such effects are less pronounced if from Mn2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+. Oxidized HULIS might contain electron-donating groups, whereas N-containing compounds might contain electron-withdrawing groups.
Adolfo González-Romero, Cristina González-Flórez, Agnesh Panta, Jesús Yus-Díez, Patricia Córdoba, Andres Alastuey, Natalia Moreno, Konrad Kandler, Martina Klose, Roger N. Clark, Bethany L. Ehlmann, Rebecca N. Greenberger, Abigail M. Keebler, Phil Brodrick, Robert O. Green, Xavier Querol, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6883–6910, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6883-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6883-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The knowledge of properties from dust emitted in high latitudes such as in Iceland is scarce. This study focuses on the particle size, mineralogy, cohesion, and iron mode of occurrence and reflectance spectra of dust-emitting sediments. Icelandic top sediments have lower cohesion state, coarser particle size, distinctive mineralogy, and 3-fold bulk Fe content, with a large presence of magnetite compared to Saharan crusts.
Wangjin Yang, Jiawei Ma, Hongxing Yang, Fu Li, and Chong Han
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6757–6768, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6757-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6757-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We provide evidence that light enhances the conversion of SO2 to sulfates on non-photoactive mineral dust, where triplet states of SO2 (3SO2) can act as a pivotal trigger to generate sulfates. Photochemical sulfate formation depends on H2O, O2, and basicity of mineral dust. The SO2 photochemistry on non-photoactive mineral dust contributes to sulfates, highlighting previously unknown pathways to better explain the missing sources of atmospheric sulfates.
Lu Zhang, Jin Li, Yaojie Li, Xinlei Liu, Zhihan Luo, Guofeng Shen, and Shu Tao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6323–6337, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6323-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6323-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Brown carbon (BrC) is related to radiative forcing and climate change. The BrC fraction from residential coal and biomass burning emissions, which were the major source of BrC, was characterized at the molecular level. The CHOS aromatic compounds explained higher light absorption efficiencies of biomass burning emissions compared to coal. The unique formulas of coal combustion aerosols were characterized by higher unsaturated compounds, and such information could be used for source appointment.
Wenli Liu, Longkun He, Yingjun Liu, Keren Liao, Qi Chen, and Mikinori Kuwata
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5625–5636, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5625-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5625-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Cooking is a major source of particles in urban areas. Previous studies demonstrated that the chemical lifetimes of cooking organic aerosols (COAs) were much shorter (~minutes) than the values reported by field observations (~hours). We conducted laboratory experiments to resolve the discrepancy by considering suppressed reactivity under low temperature. The parameterized k2–T relationships and observed surface temperature data were used to estimate the chemical lifetimes of COA particles.
Stephanie Arciva, Lan Ma, Camille Mavis, Chrystal Guzman, and Cort Anastasio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4473–4485, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4473-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4473-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We measured changes in light absorption during the aqueous oxidation of six phenols with hydroxyl radical (●OH) or an organic triplet excited state (3C*). All the phenols formed light-absorbing secondary brown carbon (BrC), which then decayed with continued oxidation. Extrapolation to ambient conditions suggest ●OH is the dominant sink of secondary phenolic BrC in fog/cloud drops, while 3C* controls the lifetime of this light absorption in particle water.
Aaron Lieberman, Julietta Picco, Murat Onder, and Cort Anastasio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4411–4419, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4411-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4411-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a method that uses aqueous S(IV) to quantitatively convert NO2 to NO2−, which allows both species to be quantified using the Griess method. As an example of the utility of the method, we quantified both photolysis channels of nitrate, with and without a scavenger for hydroxyl radical (·OH). The results show that without a scavenger, ·OH reacts with nitrite to form nitrogen dioxide, suppressing the apparent quantum yield of NO2− and enhancing that of NO2.
Xingjun Fan, Ao Cheng, Xufang Yu, Tao Cao, Dan Chen, Wenchao Ji, Yongbing Cai, Fande Meng, Jianzhong Song, and Ping'an Peng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3769–3783, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3769-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3769-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Molecular-level characteristics of high molecular weight (HMW) and low MW (LMW) humic-like substances (HULIS) were comprehensively investigated, where HMW HULIS had larger chromophores and larger molecular size than LMW HULIS and exhibited higher aromaticity and humification. Electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed more aromatic molecules in HMW HULIS. HMW HULIS had more CHON compounds, while LMW HULIS had more CHO compounds.
Daniel A. Knopf, Markus Ammann, Thomas Berkemeier, Ulrich Pöschl, and Manabu Shiraiwa
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3445–3528, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3445-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3445-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The initial step of interfacial and multiphase chemical processes involves adsorption and desorption of gas species. This study demonstrates the role of desorption energy governing the residence time of the gas species at the environmental interface. A parameterization is formulated that enables the prediction of desorption energy based on the molecular weight, polarizability, and oxygen-to-carbon ratio of the desorbing chemical species. Its application to gas–particle interactions is discussed.
Feng Jiang, Kyla Siemens, Claudia Linke, Yanxia Li, Yiwei Gong, Thomas Leisner, Alexander Laskin, and Harald Saathoff
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2639–2649, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2639-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2639-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the optical properties, chemical composition, and formation mechanisms of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and brown carbon (BrC) from the oxidation of indole with and without NO2 in the Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere (AIDA) simulation chamber. This work is one of the very few to link the optical properties and chemical composition of indole SOA with and without NO2 by simulation chamber experiments.
Evangelia Kostenidou, Baptiste Marques, Brice Temime-Roussel, Yao Liu, Boris Vansevenant, Karine Sartelet, and Barbara D'Anna
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2705–2729, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2705-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2705-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from gasoline vehicles can be a significant source of particulate matter in urban areas. Here the chemical composition of secondary volatile organic compounds and SOA produced by photo-oxidation of Euro 5 gasoline vehicle emissions was studied. The volatility of the SOA formed was calculated. Except for the temperature and the concentration of the aerosol, additional parameters may play a role in the gas-to-particle partitioning.
András Hoffer, Aida Meiramova, Ádám Tóth, Beatrix Jancsek-Turóczi, Gyula Kiss, Ágnes Rostási, Erika Andrea Levei, Luminita Marmureanu, Attila Machon, and András Gelencsér
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1659–1671, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1659-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1659-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Specific tracer compounds identified previously in controlled test burnings of different waste types in the laboratory were detected and quantified in ambient PM10 samples collected in five Hungarian and four Romanian settlements. Back-of-the-envelope calculations based on the relative emission factors of individual tracers suggested that the contribution of solid waste burning particulate emissions to ambient PM10 mass concentrations may be as high as a few percent.
Xiao-San Luo, Weijie Huang, Guofeng Shen, Yuting Pang, Mingwei Tang, Weijun Li, Zhen Zhao, Hanhan Li, Yaqian Wei, Longjiao Xie, and Tariq Mehmood
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1345–1360, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1345-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1345-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
PM2.5 are air pollutants threatening health globally, but they are a mixture of chemical compositions from many sources and result in unequal toxicity. Which composition from which source of PM2.5 as the most hazardous object is a question hindering effective pollution control policy-making. With chemical and toxicity experiments, we found automobile exhaust and coal combustion to be priority emissions with higher toxic compositions for precise air pollution control, ensuring public health.
Matthew B. Goss and Jesse H. Kroll
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1299–1314, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1299-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1299-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The chemistry driving dimethyl sulfide (DMS) oxidation and subsequent sulfate particle formation in the atmosphere is poorly constrained. We oxidized two related compounds (dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl disulfide) in the laboratory under varied NOx conditions and measured the gas- and particle-phase products. These results demonstrate that both the OH addition and OH abstraction pathways for DMS oxidation contribute to particle formation via mechanisms that do not involve the SO2 intermediate.
Ryan J. Patnaude, Kathryn A. Moore, Russell J. Perkins, Thomas C. J. Hill, Paul J. DeMott, and Sonia M. Kreidenweis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 911–928, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-911-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-911-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we examined the effect of atmospheric aging on sea spray aerosols (SSAs) to form ice and how newly formed secondary marine aerosols (SMAs) may freeze at cirrus temperatures (< −38 °C). Results show that SSAs freeze at different relative humidities (RHs) depending on the temperature and that the ice-nucleating ability of SSA was not hindered by atmospheric aging. SMAs are shown to freeze at high RHs and are likely inefficient at forming ice at cirrus temperatures.
Bartłomiej Witkowski, Priyanka Jain, Beata Wileńska, and Tomasz Gierczak
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 663–688, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-663-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-663-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This article reports the results of the kinetic measurements for the aqueous oxidation of the 29 aliphatic alcohols by hydroxyl radical (OH) at different temperatures. The data acquired and the literature data were used to optimize a model for predicting the aqueous OH reactivity of alcohols and carboxylic acids and to estimate the atmospheric lifetimes of five terpenoic alcohols. The kinetic data provided new insights into the mechanism of aqueous oxidation of aliphatic molecules by the OH.
Junting Qiu, Xinlin Shen, Jiangyao Chen, Guiying Li, and Taicheng An
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 155–166, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-155-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-155-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We studied reactions of secondary ozonides (SOZs) with amines. SOZs formed from ozonolysis of β-caryophyllene and α-humulene are found to be reactive to ethylamine and methylamine. Products from SOZs with various conformations reacting with the same amine had different functional groups. Our findings indicate that interaction of SOZs with amines in the atmosphere is very complicated, which is potentially a hitherto unrecognized source of N-containing compound formation.
Cited articles
Albinet, A., Minero, C., and Vione, D.: Phototransformation
processes of 2,4-dinitrophenol, relevant to atmospheric water droplets,
Chemosphere, 80, 753–758, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.05.016, 2010.
Balasubramanian, P., Balamurugan, T. S. T., Chen, S.-M., and Chen, T.-W.:
Simplistic synthesis of ultrafine CoMnO3 nanosheets: An excellent
electrocatalyst for highly sensitive detection of toxic 4-nitrophenol in
environmental water samples, J. Hazard. Mater., 361, 123–133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.070, 2019.
Barzaghi, P. and Herrmann, H.: A mechanistic study of the oxidation of
phenol by
Biswal, J., Paul, J., Naik, D. B., Sarkar, S. K., and Sabharwal, S.:
Radiolytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol in aqueous solutions: Pulse and
steady state radiolysis study, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 85, 161–166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.01.003, 2013.
Bluvshtein, N., Lin, P., Flores, J. M., Segev, L., Mazar, Y., Tas, E.,
Snider, G., Weagle, C., Brown, S. S., Laskin, A., and Rudich, Y.: Broadband
optical properties of biomass-burning aerosol and identification of brown
carbon chromophores, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 5441–5456, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026230, 2017.
Braman, T., Dolvin, L., Thrasher, C., Yu, H., Walhout, E. Q., and O'Brien,
R. E.: Fresh versus Photo-recalcitrant Secondary Organic Aerosol: Effects of
Organic Mixtures on Aqueous Photodegradation of 4-Nitrophenol, Environ. Sci.
Tech. Let., 7, 248–253, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00177, 2020.
Chen, C., Han, Y., Guo, J., Zhou, L., and Lan, Y.: Assessing the role of
silica gel in the degradation of p-nitrophenol via Zn(0)-activated
persulfate, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. E., 88, 169–176, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2018.03.053, 2018.
Claeys, M., Vermeylen, R., Yasmeen, F., Gómez-González, Y., Chi, X.,
Maenhaut, W., Mészáros, T., and Salma, I.: Chemical characterisation
of humic-like substances from urban, rural and tropical biomass burning
environments using liquid chromatography with UV/vis photodiode array
detection and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry, Environ. Chem., 9,
273–284, https://doi.org/10.1071/EN11163, 2012.
Cordell, R. L., Mazet, M., Dechoux, C., Hama, S. M. L., Staelens, J.,
Hofman, J., Stroobants, C., Roekens, E., Kos, G. P. A., Weijers, E. P.,
Frumau, K. F. A., Panteliadis, P., Delaunay, T., Wyche, K. P., and Monks, P.
S.: Evaluation of biomass burning across North West Europe and its impact on
air quality, Atmos. Environ., 141, 276–286, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.065, 2016.
Daneshvar, N., Behnajady, M. A., and Zorriyeh Asghar, Y.: Photooxidative
degradation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in UV/H2O2 process: Influence
of operational parameters and reaction mechanism, J. Hazard. Mater., 139,
275–279, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.06.045, 2007.
Desyaterik, Y., Sun, Y., Shen, X., Lee, T., Wang, X., Wang, T., and Collett
Jr., J. L.: Speciation of “brown” carbon in cloud water impacted by
agricultural biomass burning in eastern China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118,
7389–7399, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50561, 2013.
Ding, R., Mao, Z.-Y., and Wang, J.-L.: Synergistic effects of 4-nitrophenol
degradation using gamma irradiation combined with a advanced oxidation
process, Nucl. Sci. Tech., 27, 4, https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-016-0004-y, 2016.
Di Paola, A., Augugliaro, V., Palmisano, L., Pantaleo, G., and Savinov, E.:
Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of nitrophenols, J. Photochem.
Photobio. A, 155, 207–214, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(02)00390-8, 2003.
Du, J., Che, D., Li, X., Guo, W., and Ren, N.: Factors affecting
p-nitrophenol removal by microscale zero-valent iron coupling with weak
magnetic field (WMF), RSC Adv., 7, 18231–18237, https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA02002C, 2017.
Feng, Y., Ramanathan, V., and Kotamarthi, V. R.: Brown carbon: a significant atmospheric absorber of solar radiation?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8607–8621, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8607-2013, 2013.
Fleming, L. T., Lin, P., Roberts, J. M., Selimovic, V., Yokelson, R., Laskin, J., Laskin, A., and Nizkorodov, S. A.: Molecular composition and photochemical lifetimes of brown carbon chromophores in biomass burning organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 1105–1129, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1105-2020, 2020.
Forrister, H., Liu, J., Scheuer, E., Dibb, J., Ziemba, L., Thornhill, K. L.,
Anderson, B., Diskin, G., Perring, A. E., Schwarz, J. P., Campuzano-Jost,
P., Day, D. A., Palm, B. B., Jimenez, J. L., Nenes, A., and Weber, R. J.:
Evolution of brown carbon in wildfire plumes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42,
4623–4630, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063897, 2015.
Frka, S., Šala, M., Kroflič, A., Huš, M., Čusak, A., and
Grgić, I.: Quantum Chemical Calculations Resolved Identification of
Methylnitrocatechols in Atmospheric Aerosols, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50,
5526–5535, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00823, 2016.
García Einschlag, F. S., Carlos, L., and Capparelli, A. L.: Competition
kinetics using the UV/H2O2 process: a structure reactivity
correlation for the rate constants of hydroxyl radicals toward nitroaromatic
compounds, Chemosphere, 53, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00388-6, 2003.
Gierczak, T., Bernard, F., Papanastasiou, D. K., and Burkholder, J. B.:
Atmospheric Chemistry of c-C5HF7 and c-C5F8:
Temperature-Dependent OH Reaction Rate Coefficients, Degradation Products,
Infrared Spectra, and Global Warming Potentials, J. Phys. Chem., 125,
1050–1061, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.0c10561, 2021.
Gonzalez, M. G., Oliveros, E., Wörner, M., and Braun, A. M.:
Vacuum-ultraviolet photolysis of aqueous reaction systems, J. Photochem.
Photobio. C, 5, 225–246, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2004.10.002, 2004.
Harrison, M. A. J., Heal, M. R., and Cape, J. N.: Evaluation of the pathways of tropospheric nitrophenol formation from benzene and phenol using a multiphase model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1679–1695, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1679-2005, 2005a.
Harrison, M. A. J., Barra, S., Borghesi, D., Vione, D., Arsene, C., and
Iulian Olariu, R.: Nitrated phenols in the atmosphere: a review, Atmos.
Environ., 39, 231–248, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.09.044, 2005b.
Heal, M. R., Harrison, M. A. J., and Neil Cape, J.: Aqueous-phase nitration
of phenol by N2O5 and ClNO2, Atmos. Environ., 41, 3515–3520,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.02.003, 2007.
Hems, R. F. and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Aqueous Phase Photo-oxidation of Brown
Carbon Nitrophenols: Reaction Kinetics, Mechanism, and Evolution of Light
Absorption, ACS Earth Space Chem., 2, 225–234,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.7b00123, 2018.
Hems, R. F., Schnitzler, E. G., Liu-Kang, C., Cappa, C. D., and Abbatt, J.
P. D.: Aging of Atmospheric Brown Carbon Aerosol, ACS Earth Space Chem., 5,
722–748, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00346, 2021.
Hems, R. F., Schnitzler, E. G., Bastawrous, M., Soong, R., Simpson, A. J.,
and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Aqueous Photoreactions of Wood Smoke Brown Carbon, ACS
Earth Space Chem., 4, 1149–1160, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00117, 2020.
Herrmann, H., Hoffmann, D., Schaefer, T., Bräuer, P., and Tilgner, A.:
Tropospheric Aqueous-Phase Free-Radical Chemistry: Radical Sources, Spectra,
Reaction Kinetics and Prediction Tools, Chem. Phys. Chem., 11, 3796–3822,
https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201000533, 2010.
Herrmann, H., Schaefer, T., Tilgner, A., Styler, S. A., Weller, C., Teich,
M., and Otto, T.: Tropospheric Aqueous-Phase Chemistry: Kinetics,
Mechanisms, and Its Coupling to a Changing Gas Phase, Chem. Rev., 115,
4259–4334, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500447k, 2015.
Hettiyadura, A. P. S., Garcia, V., Li, C., West, C. P., Tomlin, J., He, Q.,
Rudich, Y., and Laskin, A.: Chemical Composition and Molecular-Specific
Optical Properties of Atmospheric Brown Carbon Associated with Biomass
Burning, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 2511–2521, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c05883,
2021.
Inomata, S., Fushimi, A., Sato, K., Fujitani, Y., and Yamada, H.:
4-Nitrophenol, 1-nitropyrene, and 9-nitroanthracene emissions in exhaust
particles from diesel vehicles with different exhaust gas treatments, Atmos.
Environ., 110, 93–102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.03.043, 2015.
Jaber, F., Schummer, C., Al Chami, J., Mirabel, P., and Millet, M.:
Solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for
analysis of phenols and nitrophenols in rainwater, as their
t-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 387, 2527–2535,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-006-1115-9, 2007.
Jacobson, M. Z.: Isolating nitrated and aromatic aerosols and nitrated
aromatic gases as sources of ultraviolet light absorption, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 104, 3527–3542, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JD100054,
1999.
Jiang, H., Frie, A. L., Lavi, A., Chen, J. Y., Zhang, H., Bahreini, R., and
Lin, Y.-H.: Brown Carbon Formation from Nighttime Chemistry of Unsaturated
Heterocyclic Volatile Organic Compounds, Environ. Sci. Tech. Let., 6,
184–190, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00017, 2019.
Jiang, W., Misovich, M. V., Hettiyadura, A. P. S., Laskin, A., McFall, A.
S., Anastasio, C., and Zhang, Q.: Photosensitized Reactions of a Phenolic
Carbonyl from Wood Combustion in the Aqueous Phase – Chemical Evolution and
Light Absorption Properties of AqSOA, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 5199–5211,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c07581, 2021.
Kahnt, A., Behrouzi, S., Vermeylen, R., Safi Shalamzari, M., Vercauteren,
J., Roekens, E., Claeys, M., and Maenhaut, W.: One-year study of
nitro-organic compounds and their relation to wood burning in PM10 aerosol
from a rural site in Belgium, Atmos. Environ., 81, 561–568, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.09.041, 2013.
Kavitha, V. and Palanivelu, K.: Degradation of nitrophenols by Fenton and
photo-Fenton processes, J. Photochem. Photobio. A, 170, 83–95,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2004.08.003, 2005.
Kitanovski, Z., Grgić, I., Vermeylen, R., Claeys, M., and Maenhaut, W.:
Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for characterization
of monoaromatic nitro-compounds in atmospheric particulate matter, J.
Chromatogr. A, 1268, 35–43, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2012.10.021, 2012.
Kitanovski, Z., Shahpoury, P., Samara, C., Voliotis, A., and Lammel, G.: Composition and mass size distribution of nitrated and oxygenated aromatic compounds in ambient particulate matter from southern and central Europe – implications for the origin, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2471–2487, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2471-2020, 2020.
Kotronarou, A., Mills, G., and Hoffmann, M. R.: Ultrasonic irradiation of
p-nitrophenol in aqueous solution, J. Phys. Chem., 95, 3630–3638,
https://doi.org/10.1021/j100162a037, 1991.
Laskin, A., Laskin, J., and Nizkorodov, S. A.: Chemistry of Atmospheric
Brown Carbon, Chem. Rev., 115, 4335–4382, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5006167, 2015.
Lemaire, J., Guth, J. A., Klais, O., Leahey, J., Merz, W., Philp, J.,
Wilmes, R., and Wolff, C. J. M.: Ring test of a method for assessing the
phototransformation of chemicals in water, Chemosphere, 14, 53–77,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(85)90041-4, 1985.
Li, C., He, Q., Hettiyadura, A. P. S., Käfer, U., Shmul, G., Meidan, D.,
Zimmermann, R., Brown, S. S., George, C., Laskin, A., and Rudich, Y.:
Formation of Secondary Brown Carbon in Biomass Burning Aerosol Proxies
through NO3 Radical Reactions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 1395–1405,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b05641, 2020.
Liang, Y., Wang, X., Dong, S., Liu, Z., Mu, J., Lu, C., Zhang, J., Li, M.,
Xue, L., and Wang, W.: Size distributions of nitrated phenols in winter at a
coastal site in north China and the impacts from primary sources and
secondary formation, Chemosphere, 250, 126256, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126256, 2020.
Lipczynska-Kochany, E.: Novel method for a photocatalytic degradation of
4-nitrophenol in homogeneous aqeuous solution, Environ. Technol., 12, 87–92,
https://doi.org/10.1080/09593339109384985, 1991.
Liu, Y., Wang, D., Sun, B., and Zhu, X.: Aqueous 4-nitrophenol decomposition
and hydrogen peroxide formation induced by contact glow discharge
electrolysis, J. Hazard. Mater., 181, 1010–1015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.05.115, 2010.
Lu, Z., Streets, D. G., Winijkul, E., Yan, F., Chen, Y., Bond, T. C., Feng,
Y., Dubey, M. K., Liu, S., Pinto, J. P., and Carmichael, G. R.: Light
Absorption Properties and Radiative Effects of Primary Organic Aerosol
Emissions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 4868–4877, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00211,
2015.
Majewska, M., Khan, F., Pieta, I. S., Wróblewska, A., Szmigielski, R.,
and Pieta, P.: Toxicity of selected airborne nitrophenols on eukaryotic cell
membrane models, Chemosphere, 266, 128996, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128996, 2021.
Mohr, C., Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D., Zotter, P., Prévôt, A. S. H., Xu,
L., Ng, N. L., Herndon, S. C., Williams, L. R., Franklin, J. P., Zahniser,
M. S., Worsnop, D. R., Knighton, W. B., Aiken, A. C., Gorkowski, K. J.,
Dubey, M. K., Allan, J. D., and Thornton, J. A.: Contribution of Nitrated
Phenols to Wood Burning Brown Carbon Light Absorption in Detling, United
Kingdom during Winter Time, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 6316–6324,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es400683v, 2013.
Moise, T., Flores, J. M., and Rudich, Y.: Optical Properties of Secondary
Organic Aerosols and Their Changes by Chemical Processes, Chem. Rev., 115,
4400–4439, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5005259, 2015.
Natangelo, M., Mangiapan, S., Bagnati, R., Benfenati, E., and Fanelli, R.:
Increased concentrations of nitrophenols in leaves from a damaged forestal
site, Chemosphere, 38, 1495–1503, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00370-1, 1999.
Niessen, R., Lenoir, D., and Boule, P.: Phototransformation of phenol
induced by excitation of nitrate ions, Chemosphere, 17, 1977–1984,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(88)90009-4, 1988.
O'Neill, P., Steenken, S., van der Linde, H., and Schulte-Frohlinde, D.:
Reaction of OH radicals with nitrophenols in aqueous solution, Radiat. Phys.
Chem., 12, 13–17, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-5724(78)90070-5,
1978.
Oturan, M. A., Peiroten, J., Chartrin, P., and Acher, A. J.: Complete
Destruction of p-Nitrophenol in Aqueous Medium by Electro-Fenton Method,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 3474–3479, https://doi.org/10.1021/es990901b, 2000.
Randolph, C., Lahive, C. W., Sami, S., Havenith, R. W. A., Heeres, H. J.,
and Deuss, P. J.: Biobased Chemicals: 1,2,4-Benzenetriol, Selective
Deuteration and Dimerization to Bifunctional Aromatic Compounds, Org. Process
Res. Dev., 22, 1663–1671, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00303, 2018.
Rapf, R. J., Dooley, M. R., Kappes, K., Perkins, R. J., and Vaida, V.: pH
Dependence of the Aqueous Photochemistry of α-Keto Acids, J. Phys.
Chem., 121, 8368–8379, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08192, 2017.
Regueiro, J., Becerril, E., Garcia-Jares, C., and Llompart, M.: Trace
analysis of parabens, triclosan and related chlorophenols in water by
headspace solid-phase microextraction with in situ derivatization and gas
chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 1216, 4693–4702,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.025, 2009.
Rived, F., Rosés, M., and Bosch, E.: Dissociation constants of neutral
and charged acids in methyl alcohol. The acid strength resolution, Anal.
Chim. Acta, 374, 309–324, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00418-8, 1998.
Sander, R.: Compilation of Henry's law constants (version 4.0) for water as solvent, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 4399–4981, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-4399-2015, 2015.
Sobczyński, A., Duczmal, Ł., and Zmudziński, W.: Phenol
destruction by photocatalysis on TiO2: an attempt to solve the reaction
mechanism, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 213, 225–230, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2003.12.006, 2004.
Tan, Y., Perri, M. J., Seitzinger, S. P., and Turpin, B. J.: Effects of
Precursor Concentration and Acidic Sulfate in Aqueous Glyoxal-OH Radical
Oxidation and Implications for Secondary Organic Aerosol, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 43, 8105–8112, https://doi.org/10.1021/es901742f, 2009.
Tauber, A., Schuchmann, H.-P., and von Sonntag, C.: Sonolysis of aqueous
4-nitrophenol at low and high pH, Ultrason. Sonochem., 7, 45–52, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4177(99)00018-8, 2000.
TenBrook, P. L., Kendall, S. M., Viant, M. R., and Tjeerdema, R. S.:
Toxicokinetics and biotransformation of p-nitrophenol in red abalone
(Haliotis rufescens), Aquat. Toxicol., 62, 329–336, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(02)00103-0, 2003.
Tilgner, A., Schaefer, T., Alexander, B., Barth, M., Collett Jr., J. L., Fahey, K. M., Nenes, A., Pye, H. O. T., Herrmann, H., and McNeill, V. F.: Acidity and the multiphase chemistry of atmospheric aqueous particles and clouds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13483–13536, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13483-2021, 2021.
Vidović, K., Kroflič, A., Šala, M., and Grgić, I.:
Aqueous-Phase Brown Carbon Formation from Aromatic Precursors under Sunlight
Conditions, Atmosphere, 11, 131, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11020131, 2020.
Vione, D., Maurino, V., Minero, C., Borghesi, D., Lucchiari, M., and
Pelizzetti, E.: New Processes in the Environmental Chemistry of Nitrite. 2.
The Role of Hydrogen Peroxide, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 4635–4641,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es0300259, 2003.
Vione, D., Maurino, V., Minero, C., and Pelizzetti, E.: Aqueous Atmospheric
Chemistry: Formation of 2,4-Dinitrophenol upon Nitration of 2-Nitrophenol
and 4-Nitrophenol in Solution, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 7921–7931,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es050824m, 2005.
Vione, D., Maurino, V., Minero, C., Duncianu, M., Olariu, R.-I., Arsene, C.,
Sarakha, M., and Mailhot, G.: Assessing the transformation kinetics of 2-
and 4-nitrophenol in the atmospheric aqueous phase. Implications for the
distribution of both nitroisomers in the atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 43,
2321–2327, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.01.025,
2009.
Wang, X., Heald, C. L., Ridley, D. A., Schwarz, J. P., Spackman, J. R., Perring, A. E., Coe, H., Liu, D., and Clarke, A. D.: Exploiting simultaneous observational constraints on mass and absorption to estimate the global direct radiative forcing of black carbon and brown carbon, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 10989–11010, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10989-2014, 2014.
Witkowski, B., Al-sharafi, M., and Gierczak, T.: Kinetics and products of
the aqueous-phase oxidation of β-caryophyllonic acid by hydroxyl
radicals, Atmos. Environ., 213, 231–238, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.06.016, 2019.
Wojnárovits, L. and Takács, E.: Irradiation treatment of azo dye
containing wastewater: An overview, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 77, 225–244,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2007.05.003, 2008.
Xie, M., Chen, X., Hays, M. D., and Holder, A. L.: Composition and light absorption of N-containing aromatic compounds in organic aerosols from laboratory biomass burning, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 2899–2915, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2899-2019, 2019.
Xiong, X., Sun, Y., Sun, B., Song, W., Sun, J., Gao, N., Qiao, J., and Guan,
X.: Enhancement of the advanced Fenton process by weak magnetic field for
the degradation of 4-nitrophenol, RSC Adv., 5, 13357–13365,
https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA16318D, 2015.
Yan, J., Wang, X., Gong, P., Wang, C., and Cong, Z.: Review of brown carbon
aerosols: Recent progress and perspectives, Sci. Total Environ., 634,
1475–1485, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.083,
2018.
Zhang, W., Xiao, X., An, T., Song, Z., Fu, J., Sheng, G., and Cui, M.:
Kinetics, degradation pathway and reaction mechanism of advanced oxidation
of 4-nitrophenol in water by a UV/H2O2 process, J. Chem. Technol.
Biotechnol, 78, 788–794, https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.864,
2003.
Zhang, Y., Forrister, H., Liu, J., Dibb, J., Anderson, B., Schwarz, J. P.,
Perring, A. E., Jimenez, J. L., Campuzano-Jost, P., Wang, Y., Nenes, A., and
Weber, R. J.: Top-of-atmosphere radiative forcing affected by brown carbon
in the upper troposphere, Nat. Geosci., 10, 486–489, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2960, 2017.
Zhao, R., Lee, A. K. Y., Huang, L., Li, X., Yang, F., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Photochemical processing of aqueous atmospheric brown carbon, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6087–6100, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6087-2015, 2015.
Zhao, S., Ma, H., Wang, M., Cao, C., and Yao, S.: Study on the role of
hydroperoxyl radical in degradation of p-nitrophenol attacked by hydroxyl
radical using photolytical technique, J. Photochem. Photobio. A,
259, 17–24, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.02.012,
2013.
Short summary
This article describes a comprehensive investigation of the aqueous oxidation of 4-nitrophenol (4NP) by hydroxyl radicals (OH). The reaction was carried out in a laboratory photoreactor. We report the formation of key intermediates under different pH conditions and the evolution of the light absorption of the reaction solution. The results provide new insights into the formation and removal (chemical bleaching) of light-absorbing organic aerosols (atmospheric brown carbon).
This article describes a comprehensive investigation of the aqueous oxidation of 4-nitrophenol...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint