Articles | Volume 21, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9887-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9887-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Review article
| 
01 Jul 2021
Review article |
| 01 Jul 2021
| 01 Jul 2021
CO2-equivalence metrics for surface albedo change based on the radiative forcing concept: a critical review
Department of Forest and Climate, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), P.O. Box 115, 1431-Ås, Norway
Marianne T. Lund
Centre for International Climate Research (CICERO), 0349 Oslo, Norway
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Cited
31 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Emission offsets by albedo manipulations strategies based on bright materials and greening in urban areas assessed by hyperspectral remote sensing F. Carotenuto et al. 10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102357
- Generating High Spatial and Temporal Surface Albedo with Multispectral-Wavemix and Temporal-Shift Heatmaps S. Karalasingham et al. 10.3390/rs17030461
- Albedo impacts of current agricultural land use: Crop-specific albedo from MODIS data and inclusion in LCA of crop production P. Sieber et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155455
- Albedo on cropland: Field-scale effects of current agricultural practices in Northern Europe P. Sieber et al. 10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.108978
- Relevance of surface albedo to forestry policy in high latitude and altitude regions may be overvalued R. Bright et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad657e
- Influence of arable land location incorporating its roughness on blue-sky albedo variation J. Cierniewski & J. Ceglarek 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2022.108440
- A bioenergy-focused versus a reforestation-focused mitigation pathway yields disparate carbon storage and climate responses Y. Cheng et al. 10.1073/pnas.2306775121
- Joint optimization of land carbon uptake and albedo can help achieve moderate instantaneous and long-term cooling effects A. Graf et al. 10.1038/s43247-023-00958-4
- Developing climate‐resilient crops: improving plant tolerance to stress combination R. Rivero et al. 10.1111/tpj.15483
- Data analytics driving net zero tracker for renewable energy B. Oladapo et al. 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115061
- Quantifying albedo impact and radiative forcing of management practices in European wheat cropping systems K. Yu et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad5859
- The Importance of Hyperspectral Soil Albedo Information for Improving Earth System Model Projections R. Braghiere et al. 10.1029/2023AV000910
- Synergies and trade-offs between provisioning and climate-regulating ecosystem services in reindeer herding ecosystems J. Bjerke et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171914
- Overlooked cooling effects of albedo in terrestrial ecosystems J. Chen et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad661d
- A Novel Measurement-Based Method for Assessing Global Warming Mitigation via High-Albedo Solutions F. Rossi et al. 10.3390/en15155695
- Payment for CO2 sequestration affects the Faustmann rotation period in Norway more than albedo payment does P. Rørstad 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107492
- Impact of photonic properties of a new radiative cooling material on the urban heat island and the radiation balance N. Adams et al. 10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102364
- Changes in albedo and its radiative forcing of grasslands in East Asia drylands Q. Zhu et al. 10.1186/s13717-024-00493-w
- Practical Guide to Measuring Wetland Carbon Pools and Fluxes S. Bansal et al. 10.1007/s13157-023-01722-2
- Accounting for albedo change to identify climate-positive tree cover restoration N. Hasler et al. 10.1038/s41467-024-46577-1
- Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Hydrogen: A Systematic Review of Methodological Choices G. Martinez et al. 10.3390/en17174297
- The influence of the location of arable land incorporating its roughness on the optimal time when the land reaches its mean diurnal blue-sky albedo value J. Cierniewski & J. Jasiewicz 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2024.109165
- Effects of thinning intensity and rotation length on albedo- and carbon stock-based radiative forcing in boreal Norway spruce stands S. Kellomäki et al. 10.1093/forestry/cpac058
- Albedo changes caused by future urbanization contribute to global warming Z. Ouyang et al. 10.1038/s41467-022-31558-z
- Climate impact of tropical hydropower: a perspective on G-res model calculations F. van der Valk et al. 10.1039/D5VA00073D
- Albedo-Induced Global Warming Impact at Multiple Temporal Scales within an Upper Midwest USA Watershed P. Sciusco et al. 10.3390/land11020283
- Review of Land Surface Albedo: Variance Characteristics, Climate Effect and Management Strategy X. Zhang et al. 10.3390/rs14061382
- Climate change substitution factors for Canadian forest-based products and bioenergy T. Cardinal et al. 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.111940
- Unraveling impacts on carbon, water and energy exchange of Pinus plantations in South American temperate ecosystems H. Dieguez et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176150
- Environmental impacts of Arctic shipping activities: A review X. Qi et al. 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2023.106936
- Enhanced observation of forest albedo reveals significant offsets to reported carbon benefits S. Healey et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/add60a
31 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Emission offsets by albedo manipulations strategies based on bright materials and greening in urban areas assessed by hyperspectral remote sensing F. Carotenuto et al. 10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102357
- Generating High Spatial and Temporal Surface Albedo with Multispectral-Wavemix and Temporal-Shift Heatmaps S. Karalasingham et al. 10.3390/rs17030461
- Albedo impacts of current agricultural land use: Crop-specific albedo from MODIS data and inclusion in LCA of crop production P. Sieber et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155455
- Albedo on cropland: Field-scale effects of current agricultural practices in Northern Europe P. Sieber et al. 10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.108978
- Relevance of surface albedo to forestry policy in high latitude and altitude regions may be overvalued R. Bright et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad657e
- Influence of arable land location incorporating its roughness on blue-sky albedo variation J. Cierniewski & J. Ceglarek 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2022.108440
- A bioenergy-focused versus a reforestation-focused mitigation pathway yields disparate carbon storage and climate responses Y. Cheng et al. 10.1073/pnas.2306775121
- Joint optimization of land carbon uptake and albedo can help achieve moderate instantaneous and long-term cooling effects A. Graf et al. 10.1038/s43247-023-00958-4
- Developing climate‐resilient crops: improving plant tolerance to stress combination R. Rivero et al. 10.1111/tpj.15483
- Data analytics driving net zero tracker for renewable energy B. Oladapo et al. 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115061
- Quantifying albedo impact and radiative forcing of management practices in European wheat cropping systems K. Yu et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad5859
- The Importance of Hyperspectral Soil Albedo Information for Improving Earth System Model Projections R. Braghiere et al. 10.1029/2023AV000910
- Synergies and trade-offs between provisioning and climate-regulating ecosystem services in reindeer herding ecosystems J. Bjerke et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171914
- Overlooked cooling effects of albedo in terrestrial ecosystems J. Chen et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad661d
- A Novel Measurement-Based Method for Assessing Global Warming Mitigation via High-Albedo Solutions F. Rossi et al. 10.3390/en15155695
- Payment for CO2 sequestration affects the Faustmann rotation period in Norway more than albedo payment does P. Rørstad 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107492
- Impact of photonic properties of a new radiative cooling material on the urban heat island and the radiation balance N. Adams et al. 10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102364
- Changes in albedo and its radiative forcing of grasslands in East Asia drylands Q. Zhu et al. 10.1186/s13717-024-00493-w
- Practical Guide to Measuring Wetland Carbon Pools and Fluxes S. Bansal et al. 10.1007/s13157-023-01722-2
- Accounting for albedo change to identify climate-positive tree cover restoration N. Hasler et al. 10.1038/s41467-024-46577-1
- Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Hydrogen: A Systematic Review of Methodological Choices G. Martinez et al. 10.3390/en17174297
- The influence of the location of arable land incorporating its roughness on the optimal time when the land reaches its mean diurnal blue-sky albedo value J. Cierniewski & J. Jasiewicz 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2024.109165
- Effects of thinning intensity and rotation length on albedo- and carbon stock-based radiative forcing in boreal Norway spruce stands S. Kellomäki et al. 10.1093/forestry/cpac058
- Albedo changes caused by future urbanization contribute to global warming Z. Ouyang et al. 10.1038/s41467-022-31558-z
- Climate impact of tropical hydropower: a perspective on G-res model calculations F. van der Valk et al. 10.1039/D5VA00073D
- Albedo-Induced Global Warming Impact at Multiple Temporal Scales within an Upper Midwest USA Watershed P. Sciusco et al. 10.3390/land11020283
- Review of Land Surface Albedo: Variance Characteristics, Climate Effect and Management Strategy X. Zhang et al. 10.3390/rs14061382
- Climate change substitution factors for Canadian forest-based products and bioenergy T. Cardinal et al. 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.111940
- Unraveling impacts on carbon, water and energy exchange of Pinus plantations in South American temperate ecosystems H. Dieguez et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176150
- Environmental impacts of Arctic shipping activities: A review X. Qi et al. 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2023.106936
- Enhanced observation of forest albedo reveals significant offsets to reported carbon benefits S. Healey et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/add60a
Latest update: 11 Jul 2025
Short summary
Humans affect the reflective properties (albedo) of Earth's surface and the amount of solar energy that it absorbs, in turn affecting climate. In recent years, a variety of climate metrics have been applied to characterize albedo perturbations in terms of their
CO2-equivalenteffects, despite the lack of scientific consensus surrounding the methods behind them. We review these metrics, evaluate their (de)merits, provide guidance for future application, and suggest avenues for future research.
Humans affect the reflective properties (albedo) of Earth's surface and the amount of solar...
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