Articles | Volume 21, issue 20
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16027-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16027-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Contribution of combustion Fe in marine aerosols over the northwestern Pacific estimated by Fe stable isotope ratios
Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth
Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science,
The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Kohei Sakata
Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for
Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
Mitsuo Uematsu
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo,
5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadare, Kazo,
Saitama 347-0115, Japan
Akinori Ito
Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, 3173-25, Showa-machi,
Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001, Japan
Yoshio Takahashi
Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science,
The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Related authors
Kohei Sakata, Aya Sakaguchi, Yoshiaki Yamakawa, Chihiro Miyamoto, Minako Kurisu, and Yoshio Takahashi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9815–9836, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9815-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9815-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Anthropogenic iron is the dominant source of dissolved Fe in aerosol particles, but its contribution to dissolved Fe in aerosol particles has not been quantitatively evaluated. We established the molar concentration ratio of dissolved Fe to dissolved Al as a new indicator to evaluate the contribution of anthropogenic iron. As a result, about 10 % of dissolved Fe in aerosol particles was derived from anthropogenic iron when aerosol particles were transported from East Asia to the Pacific Ocean.
Kohei Sakata, Minako Kurisu, Yasuo Takeichi, Aya Sakaguchi, Hiroshi Tanimoto, Yusuke Tamenori, Atsushi Matsuki, and Yoshio Takahashi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9461–9482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9461-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9461-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Iron (Fe) species in size-fractionated aerosol particles collected in the western Pacific Ocean were determined to identify factors controlling fractional Fe solubility. We found that labile Fe was mainly present in submicron aerosol particles, and the Fe species were ferric organic complexes combined with humic-like substances (Fe(III)-HULIS). The Fe(III)-HULIS was formed by atmospheric processes. Thus, atmospheric processes play a significant role in controlling Fe solubility.
Kaori Kawana, Fumikazu Taketani, Kazuhiko Matsumoto, Yutaka Tobo, Yoko Iwamoto, Takuma Miyakawa, Akinori Ito, and Yugo Kanaya
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1777–1799, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1777-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1777-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Based on comprehensive shipborne observations, we found strong links between sea-surface biological materials and the formation of atmospheric fluorescent bioaerosols, cloud condensation nuclei, and ice-nucleating particles over the Arctic Ocean and Bering Sea during autumn 2019. Taking the wind-speed effect into account, we propose equations to approximate the links for this cruise, which can be used as a guide for modeling as well as for systematic comparisons with other observations.
Morgane M. G. Perron, Susanne Fietz, Douglas S. Hamilton, Akinori Ito, Rachel U. Shelley, and Mingjin Tang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 165–166, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-165-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-165-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The solubility of vital and toxic trace elements delivered by the atmosphere determines their potential to fertilise or limit ocean productivity. A poor understanding of aeolian trace element solubility and the absence of a standard method to define this parameter hinder accurate model representation of the impact of atmospheric deposition on ocean productivity in a changing climate. The inter-journal special issue aims at “Reducing Uncertainty in Soluble aerosol Trace Element Deposition”.
Takuma Miyakawa, Akinori Ito, Chunmao Zhu, Atsushi Shimizu, Erika Matsumoto, Yusuke Mizuno, and Yugo Kanaya
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14609–14626, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14609-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14609-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study conducted semi-continuous measurements of PM2.5 aerosols and their elemental composition in western Japan, during spring 2018. It analyzed the emissions, transport, and wet removal of elements such as Pb, Cu, Fe, and Mn. It also assessed the accuracy of modeled concentrations and found overestimations of BC and underestimations of Cu and anthropogenic Fe in East Asia. Insights into emissions, removals, and source apportionment of trace metals in the East Asian outflow were provided.
Kohei Sakata, Aya Sakaguchi, Yoshiaki Yamakawa, Chihiro Miyamoto, Minako Kurisu, and Yoshio Takahashi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9815–9836, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9815-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9815-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Anthropogenic iron is the dominant source of dissolved Fe in aerosol particles, but its contribution to dissolved Fe in aerosol particles has not been quantitatively evaluated. We established the molar concentration ratio of dissolved Fe to dissolved Al as a new indicator to evaluate the contribution of anthropogenic iron. As a result, about 10 % of dissolved Fe in aerosol particles was derived from anthropogenic iron when aerosol particles were transported from East Asia to the Pacific Ocean.
Kohei Sakata, Minako Kurisu, Yasuo Takeichi, Aya Sakaguchi, Hiroshi Tanimoto, Yusuke Tamenori, Atsushi Matsuki, and Yoshio Takahashi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9461–9482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9461-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9461-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Iron (Fe) species in size-fractionated aerosol particles collected in the western Pacific Ocean were determined to identify factors controlling fractional Fe solubility. We found that labile Fe was mainly present in submicron aerosol particles, and the Fe species were ferric organic complexes combined with humic-like substances (Fe(III)-HULIS). The Fe(III)-HULIS was formed by atmospheric processes. Thus, atmospheric processes play a significant role in controlling Fe solubility.
Clarissa Baldo, Akinori Ito, Michael D. Krom, Weijun Li, Tim Jones, Nick Drake, Konstantin Ignatyev, Nicholas Davidson, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6045–6066, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6045-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6045-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
High ionic strength relevant to the aerosol-water enhanced proton-promoted dissolution of iron in coal fly ash (up to 7 times) but suppressed oxalate-promoted dissolution at low pH (< 3). Fe in coal fly ash dissolved up to 7 times faster than in Saharan dust at low pH. A global model with the updated dissolution rates of iron in coal fly ash suggested a larger contribution of pyrogenic dissolved Fe over regions with a strong impact from fossil fuel combustions.
Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Elisa Bergas-Massó, María Gonçalves-Ageitos, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Twan van Noije, Philippe Le Sager, Akinori Ito, Eleni Athanasopoulou, Athanasios Nenes, Maria Kanakidou, Maarten C. Krol, and Evangelos Gerasopoulos
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 3079–3120, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3079-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3079-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We here describe the implementation of atmospheric multiphase processes in the EC-Earth Earth system model. We provide global budgets of oxalate, sulfate, and iron-containing aerosols, along with an analysis of the links among atmospheric composition, aqueous-phase processes, and aerosol dissolution, supported by comparison to observations. This work is a first step towards an interactive calculation of the deposition of bioavailable atmospheric iron coupled to the model’s ocean component.
Akinori Ito, Adeyemi A. Adebiyi, Yue Huang, and Jasper F. Kok
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16869–16891, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16869-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16869-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We improve the simulated dust properties of size-resolved dust concentration and particle shape. The improved simulation suggests much less atmospheric radiative heating near the major source regions, because of enhanced longwave warming at the surface by the synergy of coarser size and aspherical shape. Less intensified atmospheric heating could substantially modify the vertical temperature profile in Earth system models and thus has important implications for the projection of dust feedback.
Jasper F. Kok, Adeyemi A. Adebiyi, Samuel Albani, Yves Balkanski, Ramiro Checa-Garcia, Mian Chin, Peter R. Colarco, Douglas S. Hamilton, Yue Huang, Akinori Ito, Martina Klose, Danny M. Leung, Longlei Li, Natalie M. Mahowald, Ron L. Miller, Vincenzo Obiso, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Adriana Rocha-Lima, Jessica S. Wan, and Chloe A. Whicker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8127–8167, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8127-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8127-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Desert dust interacts with virtually every component of the Earth system, including the climate system. We develop a new methodology to represent the global dust cycle that integrates observational constraints on the properties and abundance of desert dust with global atmospheric model simulations. We show that the resulting representation of the global dust cycle is more accurate than what can be obtained from a large number of current climate global atmospheric models.
Jasper F. Kok, Adeyemi A. Adebiyi, Samuel Albani, Yves Balkanski, Ramiro Checa-Garcia, Mian Chin, Peter R. Colarco, Douglas S. Hamilton, Yue Huang, Akinori Ito, Martina Klose, Longlei Li, Natalie M. Mahowald, Ron L. Miller, Vincenzo Obiso, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Adriana Rocha-Lima, and Jessica S. Wan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8169–8193, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8169-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8169-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The many impacts of dust on the Earth system depend on dust mineralogy, which varies between dust source regions. We constrain the contribution of the world’s main dust source regions by integrating dust observations with global model simulations. We find that Asian dust contributes more and that North African dust contributes less than models account for. We obtain a dataset of each source region’s contribution to the dust cycle that can be used to constrain dust impacts on the Earth system.
Tomohiro Hajima, Michio Watanabe, Akitomo Yamamoto, Hiroaki Tatebe, Maki A. Noguchi, Manabu Abe, Rumi Ohgaito, Akinori Ito, Dai Yamazaki, Hideki Okajima, Akihiko Ito, Kumiko Takata, Koji Ogochi, Shingo Watanabe, and Michio Kawamiya
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 2197–2244, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-2197-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-2197-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a new Earth system model (ESM) named MIROC-ES2L. This model is based on a state-of-the-art climate model and includes carbon–nitrogen cycles for the land and multiple biogeochemical cycles for the ocean. The model's performances on reproducing historical climate and biogeochemical changes are confirmed to be reasonable, and the new model is likely to be an
optimisticmodel in projecting future climate change among ESMs in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6.
Adeyemi A. Adebiyi, Jasper F. Kok, Yang Wang, Akinori Ito, David A. Ridley, Pierre Nabat, and Chun Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 829–863, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-829-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-829-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Although atmospheric dust particles produce significant impacts on the Earth system, most climate models still have difficulty representing the basic processes that affect these particles. In this study, we present new constraints on dust properties that consistently outperform the conventional climate models, when compared to independent measurements. As a result, our constraints can be used to improve climate models or serve as an alternative in constraining dust impacts on the Earth system.
Akitomo Yamamoto, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Rumi Ohgaito, Akinori Ito, and Akira Oka
Clim. Past, 15, 981–996, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-981-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-981-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Proxy records of glacial oxygen change provide constraints on the contribution of the biological pump to glacial CO2 decrease. Here, we report our numerical simulation which successfully reproduces records of glacial oxygen changes and shows the significance of iron supply from glaciogenic dust. Our model simulations clarify that the enhanced efficiency of the biological pump is responsible for glacial CO2 decline of more than 30 ppm and approximately half of deep-ocean deoxygenation.
Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Akinori Ito, Maria Kanakidou, Athanasios Nenes, Maarten C. Krol, Natalie M. Mahowald, Rachel A. Scanza, Douglas S. Hamilton, Matthew S. Johnson, Nicholas Meskhidze, Jasper F. Kok, Cecile Guieu, Alex R. Baker, Timothy D. Jickells, Manmohan M. Sarin, Srinivas Bikkina, Rachel Shelley, Andrew Bowie, Morgane M. G. Perron, and Robert A. Duce
Biogeosciences, 15, 6659–6684, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6659-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6659-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The first atmospheric iron (Fe) deposition model intercomparison is presented in this study, as a result of the deliberations of the United Nations Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection (GESAMP; http://www.gesamp.org/) Working Group 38. We conclude that model diversity over remote oceans reflects uncertainty in the Fe content parameterizations of dust aerosols, combustion aerosol emissions and the size distribution of transported aerosol Fe.
Rumi Ohgaito, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Ryouta O'ishi, Toshihiko Takemura, Akinori Ito, Tomohiro Hajima, Shingo Watanabe, and Michio Kawamiya
Clim. Past, 14, 1565–1581, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1565-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1565-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The behaviour of dust in terms of climate can be investigated using past climate. The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21000 years before present) is known to be dustier. We investigated the impact of plausible dust distribution on the climate of the LGM using an Earth system model and found that the higher dust load results in less cooling over the polar regions. The main finding is that radiative perturbation by the high dust loading does not necessarily cool the surface surrounding Antarctica.
Sakae Toyoda, Naohiro Yoshida, Shinji Morimoto, Shuji Aoki, Takakiyo Nakazawa, Satoshi Sugawara, Shigeyuki Ishidoya, Mitsuo Uematsu, Yoichi Inai, Fumio Hasebe, Chusaku Ikeda, Hideyuki Honda, and Kentaro Ishijima
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 833–844, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-833-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-833-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
By analysis of whole air samples collected by balloon-borne compact cryogenic samplers, we found that apparent isotope effect for stratospheric N2O between 25 and 30 km over the Equator is larger than that observed in other latitudes and that it is almost equal to the effect predicted by laboratory simulation experiments. These results suggest that equatorial middle stratosphere can be treated as an isolated region when we consider the decomposition of N2O by photochemical processes.
Alex R. Baker, Maria Kanakidou, Katye E. Altieri, Nikos Daskalakis, Gregory S. Okin, Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Frank Dentener, Mitsuo Uematsu, Manmohan M. Sarin, Robert A. Duce, James N. Galloway, William C. Keene, Arvind Singh, Lauren Zamora, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Shih-Chieh Hsu, Shital S. Rohekar, and Joseph M. Prospero
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8189–8210, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8189-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8189-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Man's activities have greatly increased the amount of nitrogen emitted into the atmosphere. Some of this nitrogen is transported to the world's oceans, where it may affect microscopic marine plants and cause ecological problems. The huge size of the oceans makes direct monitoring of nitrogen inputs impossible, so computer models must be used to assess this issue. We find that current models reproduce observed nitrogen deposition to the oceans reasonably well and recommend future improvements.
A. Ito and Z. Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 85–99, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-85-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-85-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A new Fe dissolution scheme is developed and is applied to an atmospheric chemistry transport model to estimate anthropogenic soluble Fe deposition. Our improved model successfully captured an inverse relationship of Fe solubility and total Fe loading. Our model estimated the low end of Fe solubility compared to the previous studies. Our model results suggest that human activities contribute to about half of bioavailable Fe supply to significant portions of the oceans in the Northern Hemisphere.
G. Lin, S. Sillman, J. E. Penner, and A. Ito
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 5451–5475, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5451-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5451-2014, 2014
A. Ito and L. Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 3441–3459, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3441-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3441-2014, 2014
S. Zhou, L. Gonzalez, A. Leithead, Z. Finewax, R. Thalman, A. Vlasenko, S. Vagle, L.A. Miller, S.-M. Li, S. Bureekul, H. Furutani, M. Uematsu, R. Volkamer, and J. Abbatt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1371–1384, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1371-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1371-2014, 2014
K. Osada, S. Ura, M. Kagawa, M. Mikami, T. Y. Tanaka, S. Matoba, K. Aoki, M. Shinoda, Y. Kurosaki, M. Hayashi, A. Shimizu, and M. Uematsu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1107–1121, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1107-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1107-2014, 2014
D. Tsumune, T. Tsubono, M. Aoyama, M. Uematsu, K. Misumi, Y. Maeda, Y. Yoshida, and H. Hayami
Biogeosciences, 10, 5601–5617, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5601-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5601-2013, 2013
Y. Takahashi, T. Furukawa, Y. Kanai, M. Uematsu, G. Zheng, and M. A. Marcus
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 7695–7710, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7695-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7695-2013, 2013
M. Aoyama, M. Uematsu, D. Tsumune, and Y. Hamajima
Biogeosciences, 10, 3067–3078, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3067-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3067-2013, 2013
J. Jung, H. Furutani, M. Uematsu, S. Kim, and S. Yoon
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 411–428, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-411-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-411-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Roles of marine biota in the formation of atmospheric bioaerosols, cloud condensation nuclei, and ice-nucleating particles over the North Pacific Ocean, Bering Sea, and Arctic Ocean
Evolution of nucleophilic high molecular-weight organic compounds in ambient aerosols: a case study
Fractional solubility of iron in mineral dust aerosols over coastal Namibia: a link to marine biogenic emissions?
Real-world observations of reduced nitrogen and ultrafine particles in commercial cooking organic aerosol emissions
Source apportionment of PM2.5 in Montréal, Canada, and health risk assessment for potentially toxic elements
Physicochemical and temporal characteristics of individual atmospheric aerosol particles in urban Seoul during KORUS-AQ campaign: insights from single-particle analysis
Mass spectrometric analysis of unprecedented high levels of carbonaceous aerosol particles long-range transported from wildfires in the Siberian Arctic
Short-term source apportionment of fine particulate matter with time-dependent profiles using SoFi Pro: exploring the reliability of rolling positive matrix factorization (PMF) applied to bihourly molecular and elemental tracer data
Particulate-bound alkyl nitrate pollution and formation mechanisms in Beijing, China
Characterization of water-soluble brown carbon chromophores from wildfire plumes in the western USA using size-exclusion chromatography
Marine carbohydrates in Arctic aerosol particles and fog – diversity of oceanic sources and atmospheric transformations
Investigating the contribution of grown new particles to cloud condensation nuclei with largely varying preexisting particles – Part 1: Observational data analysis
Measurement report: Brown carbon aerosol in polluted urban air of the North China Plain – day–night differences in the chromophores and optical properties
Source apportionment of soot particles and aqueous-phase processing of black carbon coatings in an urban environment
Seasonal variations in composition and sources of atmospheric ultrafine particles in urban Beijing based on near-continuous measurements
Summertime response of ozone and fine particulate matter to mixing layer meteorology over the North China Plain
Trace elements in PM2.5 aerosols in East Asian outflow in the spring of 2018: emission, transport, and source apportionment
Measurement Report: Investigation on the sources and formation processes of dicarboxylic acids and related species in urban aerosols before and during the COVID-19 lockdown in Jinan, East China
pH dependence of brown-carbon optical properties in cloud water
Oxidative potential in rural, suburban and city centre atmospheric environments in central Europe
Sea salt reactivity over the northwest Atlantic: An in-depth look using the airborne ACTIVATE dataset
Secondary aerosol formation during a special dust transport event: impacts from unusually enhanced ozone and dust backflows over the ocean
Intra-event evolution of elemental and ionic concentrations in wet deposition in an urban environment
Spatial and diurnal variations of aerosol organosulfates in summertime Shanghai, China: potential influence of photochemical processes and anthropogenic sulfate pollution
Chemical characterization of atmospheric aerosols at a high-altitude mountain site: a study of source apportionment
Characterizing water-soluble brown carbon in fine particles in four typical cities in northwestern China during wintertime: integrating optical properties with chemical processes
Chemical composition-dependent hygroscopic behavior of individual ambient aerosol particles collected at a coastal site
Gas–particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds when wildfire smoke comes to town
Enrichment of calcium in sea spray aerosol: insights from bulk measurements and individual particle analysis during the R/V Xuelong cruise in the summertime in Ross Sea, Antarctica
Elucidating the mechanisms of atmospheric new particle formation in the highly polluted Po Valley, Italy
Source apportionment study on particulate air pollution in two high-altitude Bolivian cities: La Paz and El Alto
Morphological features and water solubility of iron in aged fine aerosol particles over the Indian Ocean
What chemical species are responsible for new particle formation and growth in the Netherlands? A hybrid positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis using aerosol composition (ACSM) and size (SMPS)
Measurement report: Stoichiometry of dissolved iron and aluminum as an indicator of the factors controlling the fractional solubility of aerosol iron – results of the annual observations of size-fractionated aerosol particles in Japan
Variation in chemical composition and volatility of oxygenated organic aerosol in different rural, urban, and remote environments
In-depth study of the formation processes of single atmospheric particles in the south-eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau
Climatology of aerosol properties at an atmospheric monitoring site on the northern California coast
Concurrent photochemical whitening and darkening of ambient brown carbon
High-time-resolution chemical composition and source apportionment of PM2.5 in northern Chinese cities: implications for policy
Measurement report: New insights into the mixing structures of black carbon on the eastern Tibetan Plateau – soot redistribution and fractal dimension enhancement by liquid–liquid phase separation
Seasonal variations in the production of singlet oxygen and organic triplet excited states in aqueous PM2.5 in Hong Kong SAR, South China
Nighttime NO emissions strongly suppress chlorine and nitrate radical formation during the winter in Delhi
Influence of natural and anthropogenic aerosols on cloud base droplet size distributions in clouds over the South China Sea and West Pacific
The important contribution of secondary formation and biomass burning to oxidized organic nitrogen (OON) in a polluted urban area: insights from in situ measurements of a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS)
Measurement report: A 1-year study to estimate maritime contributions to PM10 in a coastal area in northern France
Morphological and optical properties of carbonaceous aerosol particles from ship emissions and biomass burning during a summer cruise measurement in the South China Sea
Chemical composition, source and formation mechanism of urban PM2.5 in Southwest China
Tropical tropospheric aerosol sources and chemical composition observed at high-altitude in the Bolivian Andes
Evolution and chemical characteristics of organic aerosols during wintertime PM2.5 episodes in Shanghai, China: insights gained from online measurements of organic molecular markers
Arctic observations of hydroperoxymethyl thioformate (HPMTF) – seasonal behavior and relationship to other oxidation products of dimethyl sulfide at the Zeppelin Observatory, Svalbard
Kaori Kawana, Fumikazu Taketani, Kazuhiko Matsumoto, Yutaka Tobo, Yoko Iwamoto, Takuma Miyakawa, Akinori Ito, and Yugo Kanaya
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1777–1799, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1777-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1777-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Based on comprehensive shipborne observations, we found strong links between sea-surface biological materials and the formation of atmospheric fluorescent bioaerosols, cloud condensation nuclei, and ice-nucleating particles over the Arctic Ocean and Bering Sea during autumn 2019. Taking the wind-speed effect into account, we propose equations to approximate the links for this cruise, which can be used as a guide for modeling as well as for systematic comparisons with other observations.
Chen He, Hanxiong Che, Zier Bao, Yiliang Liu, Qing Li, Miao Hu, Jiawei Zhou, Shumin Zhang, Xiaojiang Yao, Quan Shi, Chunmao Chen, Yan Han, Lingshuo Meng, Xin Long, Fumo Yang, and Yang Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1627–1639, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1627-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1627-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We examined the daily evolution of high molecular-weight organic compounds with a molecular weight of up to 1000 Da in order to comprehend their behaviors in the atmosphere under actual conditions. These compounds were proven to undergo multi-generation oxidation, carboxylation, and nitrification via both day- and nighttime chemistry.
Karine Desboeufs, Paola Formenti, Raquel Torres-Sánchez, Kerstin Schepanski, Jean-Pierre Chaboureau, Hendrik Andersen, Jan Cermak, Stefanie Feuerstein, Benoit Laurent, Danitza Klopper, Andreas Namwoonde, Mathieu Cazaunau, Servanne Chevaillier, Anaïs Feron, Cécile Mirande-Bret, Sylvain Triquet, and Stuart J. Piketh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1525–1541, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1525-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1525-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the fractional solubility of iron (Fe) in dust particles along the coast of Namibia, a critical region for the atmospheric Fe supply of the South Atlantic Ocean. Our results suggest a possible two-way interplay whereby marine biogenic emissions from the coastal marine ecosystems into the atmosphere would increase the solubility of Fe-bearing dust by photo-reduction processes. The subsequent deposition of soluble Fe could act to further enhance marine biogenic emissions.
Sunhye Kim, Jo Machesky, Drew R. Gentner, and Albert A. Presto
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1281–1298, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1281-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1281-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Cooking emissions are often an overlooked source of air pollution. We used a mobile lab to measure the characteristics of particles emitted from cooking sites in two cities. Our findings showed that cooking releases a substantial number of fine particles. While most emissions were similar, a bakery site showed distinctive chemical compositions with higher nitrogen compound levels. Thus, understanding the particle emissions from different cooking activities is crucial.
Nansi Fakhri, Robin Stevens, Arnold Downey, Konstantina Oikonomou, Jean Sciare, Charbel Afif, and Patrick L. Hayes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1193–1212, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1193-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1193-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the chemical composition of atmospheric fine particles, their emission sources, and the potential human health risk associated with trace elements in particles for an urban site in Montréal over a 3-month period (August–November). This study represents the first time that such extensive composition measurements were included in an urban source apportionment study in Canada, and it provides greater resolution of fine-particle sources than has been previously achieved in Canada.
Hanjin Yoo, Li Wu, Hong Geng, and Chul-Un Ro
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 853–867, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-853-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-853-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted an investigation of atmospheric aerosols collected in Seoul, South Korea, during the KORUS-AQ campaign on a single-particle basis. We were able to identify their sources, the atmospheric fate, and the impacts of local emissions and long-range transport on aerosol composition. Additionally, we traced potential sources of non-exhaust heavy-metal particles. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the complex dynamics of urban aerosols.
Eric Schneider, Hendryk Czech, Olga Popovicheva, Marina Chichaeva, Vasily Kobelev, Nikolay Kasimov, Tatiana Minkina, Christopher Paul Rüger, and Ralf Zimmermann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 553–576, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-553-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-553-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides insights into the complex chemical composition of long-range-transported wildfire plumes from Yakutia, which underwent different levels of atmospheric processing. With complementary mass spectrometric techniques, we improve our understanding of the chemical processes and atmospheric fate of wildfire plumes. Unprecedented high levels of carbonaceous aerosols crossed the polar circle with implications for the Arctic ecosystem and consequently climate.
Qiongqiong Wang, Shuhui Zhu, Shan Wang, Cheng Huang, Yusen Duan, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 475–486, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-475-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-475-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated short-term source apportionment of PM2.5 utilizing rolling positive matrix factorization (PMF) and online PM chemical speciation data, which included source-specific organic tracers collected over a period of 37 d during the winter of 2019–2020 in suburban Shanghai, China. The findings highlight that by imposing constraints on the primary source profiles, short-term PMF analysis successfully replicated both the individual primary sources and the total secondary sources.
Jiyuan Yang, Guoyang Lei, Jinfeng Zhu, Yutong Wu, Chang Liu, Kai Hu, Junsong Bao, Zitong Zhang, Weili Lin, and Jun Jin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 123–136, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-123-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-123-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The atmospheric pollution and formation mechanisms of particulate-bound alkyl nitrate in Beijing were studied. C9–C16 long-chain n-alkyl nitrates negatively correlated with O3 but positively correlated with PM2.5 and NO2, so they may not be produced during gas-phase homogeneous reactions in the photochemical process but form through reactions between alkanes and nitrates on PM surfaces. Particulate-bound n-alkyl nitrates strongly affect both haze pollution and atmospheric visibility.
Lisa Azzarello, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Michael A. Robinson, Alessandro Franchin, Caroline C. Womack, Christopher D. Holmes, Steven S. Brown, Ann Middlebrook, Tim Newberger, Colm Sweeney, and Cora J. Young
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15643–15654, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15643-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15643-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a molecular size-resolved offline analysis of water-soluble brown carbon collected on an aircraft during FIREX-AQ. The smoke plumes were aged 0 to 5 h, where absorption was dominated by small molecular weight molecules, brown carbon absorption downwind did not consistently decrease, and the measurements differed from online absorption measurements of the same samples. We show how differences between online and offline absorption could be related to different measurement conditions.
Sebastian Zeppenfeld, Manuela van Pinxteren, Markus Hartmann, Moritz Zeising, Astrid Bracher, and Hartmut Herrmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15561–15587, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15561-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15561-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Marine carbohydrates are produced in the surface of the ocean, enter the atmophere as part of sea spray aerosol particles, and potentially contribute to the formation of fog and clouds. Here, we present the results of a sea–air transfer study of marine carbohydrates conducted in the high Arctic. Besides a chemo-selective transfer, we observed a quick atmospheric aging of carbohydrates, possibly as a result of both biotic and abiotic processes.
Xing Wei, Yanjie Shen, Xiao-Ying Yu, Yang Gao, Huiwang Gao, Ming Chu, Yujiao Zhu, and Xiaohong Yao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15325–15350, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15325-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15325-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the contribution of grown new particles to Nccn at a rural mountain site in the North China Plain. The total particle number concentrations (Ncn) observed on 8 new particle formation (NPF) days were higher compared to non-NPF days. The Nccn at 0.2 % supersaturation (SS) and 0.4 % SS on the NPF days was significantly lower than on non-NPF days. Only one of eight NPF events had detectable net contributions to Nccn at 0.4 % SS and 1.0 % SS with increased κ values.
Yuquan Gong, Ru-Jin Huang, Lu Yang, Ting Wang, Wei Yuan, Wei Xu, Wenjuan Cao, Yang Wang, and Yongjie Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15197–15207, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15197-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15197-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study reveals the large day–night differences in brown carbon (BrC) chromophore composition, which was not known previously. The results provide insights into the effects of atmospheric processes and emissions on BrC composition.
Ryan N. Farley, Sonya Collier, Christopher D. Cappa, Leah R. Williams, Timothy B. Onasch, Lynn M. Russell, Hwajin Kim, and Qi Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15039–15056, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15039-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15039-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Soot particles, also known as black carbon (BC), have important implications for global climate and regional air quality. After the particles are emitted, BC can be coated with other material, impacting the aerosol properties. We selectively measured the composition of particles containing BC to explore their sources and chemical transformations in the atmosphere. We focus on a persistent, multiday fog event in order to study the effects of chemical reactions occurring within liquid droplets.
Xiaoxiao Li, Yijing Chen, Yuyang Li, Runlong Cai, Yiran Li, Chenjuan Deng, Jin Wu, Chao Yan, Hairong Cheng, Yongchun Liu, Markku Kulmala, Jiming Hao, James N. Smith, and Jingkun Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14801–14812, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14801-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14801-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Near-continuous measurements show the composition, sources, and seasonal variations of ultrafine particles (UFPs) in urban Beijing. Vehicle and cooking emissions and new particle formation are the main sources of UFPs, and aqueous/heterogeneous processes increase UFP mode diameters. UFPs are the highest in winter due to the highest primary particle emission rates and new particle formation rates, and CHO fractions are the highest in summer due to the strongest photooxidation.
Jiaqi Wang, Jian Gao, Fei Che, Xin Yang, Yuanqin Yang, Lei Liu, Yan Xiang, and Haisheng Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14715–14733, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14715-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14715-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Regional-scale observations of surface O3, PM2.5 and its major chemical species, mixing layer height (MLH), and other meteorological parameters were made in the North China Plain during summer. Unlike the cold season, synchronized increases in MDA8 O3 and PM2.5 under medium MLH conditions have been witnessed. The increasing trend of PM2.5 was associated with enhanced secondary chemical formation. The correlation between MLH and secondary air pollutants should be treated with care in hot seasons.
Takuma Miyakawa, Akinori Ito, Chunmao Zhu, Atsushi Shimizu, Erika Matsumoto, Yusuke Mizuno, and Yugo Kanaya
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14609–14626, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14609-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14609-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study conducted semi-continuous measurements of PM2.5 aerosols and their elemental composition in western Japan, during spring 2018. It analyzed the emissions, transport, and wet removal of elements such as Pb, Cu, Fe, and Mn. It also assessed the accuracy of modeled concentrations and found overestimations of BC and underestimations of Cu and anthropogenic Fe in East Asia. Insights into emissions, removals, and source apportionment of trace metals in the East Asian outflow were provided.
Jingjing Meng, Yachen Wang, Yuanyuan Li, Tonglin Huang, Zhifei Wang, Yiqiu Wang, Min Chen, Zhanfang Hou, Houhua Zhou, Keding Lu, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14481–14503, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14481-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14481-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the effect of COVID-19 lockdown (LCD) measures on the formation and evolutionary process of diacids and related compounds from field observations. Results demonstrate that more aged organic aerosols are observed during the LCD due to the enhanced photochemical oxidation. Our study also found that the reactivity of 13C was higher than that of 12C in the gaseous photochemical oxidation, leading to higher δ13C values of C2 during the LCD than before the LCD.
Christopher J. Hennigan, Michael McKee, Vikram Pratap, Bryanna Boegner, Jasper Reno, Lucia Garcia, Madison McLaren, and Sara M. Lance
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14437–14449, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14437-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14437-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study characterized the optical properties of light-absorbing organic compounds, called brown carbon (BrC), in atmospheric cloud water samples. In all samples, light absorption by BrC increased linearly with increasing pH. There was variability in the sensitivity of the absorption–pH relationship, depending on the degree of influence from fire emissions. Overall, these results show that the climate forcing of BrC is quite strongly affected by its pH-dependent absorption.
Máté Vörösmarty, Gaëlle Uzu, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Pamela Dominutti, Zsófia Kertész, Enikő Papp, and Imre Salma
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14255–14269, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14255-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14255-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Poor air quality caused by high concentrations of particulate matter is one of the most severe public health concerns for humans worldwide. One of the most important biological mechanisms inducing adverse health effects is the oxidant–antioxidant imbalance. We showed that the oxidative stress changed substantially and in a complex manner with location and season. Biomass burning exhibited the dominant influence, while motor vehicles played an important role in the non-heating period.
Eva-Lou Edwards, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Claire E. Robinson, Michael A. Shook, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2575, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2575, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate Cl- depletion in sea salt particles over the northwest Atlantic from December 2021–June 2022 using an airborne dataset. Losses of Cl- are greatest in May and least in December–February and March. Inorganic acidic species can account for all depletion observed for December–February, March, and June near Bermuda, yet none in May. Quantifying Cl- depletion as a percentage captures seasonal trends in depletion but fails to convey the effects they may have on atmospheric oxidation.
Da Lu, Hao Li, Mengke Tian, Guochen Wang, Xiaofei Qin, Na Zhao, Juntao Huo, Fan Yang, Yanfen Lin, Jia Chen, Qingyan Fu, Yusen Duan, Xinyi Dong, Congrui Deng, Sabur F. Abdullaev, and Kan Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13853–13868, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13853-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13853-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Environmental conditions during dust are usually not favorable for secondary aerosol formation. However in this study, an unusual dust event was captured in a Chinese mega-city and showed “anomalous” meteorology and a special dust backflow transport pathway. The underlying formation mechanisms of secondary aerosols are probed in the context of this special dust event. This study shows significant implications for the varying dust aerosol chemistry in the future changing climate.
Thomas Audoux, Benoit Laurent, Karine Desboeufs, Gael Noyalet, Franck Maisonneuve, Olivier Lauret, and Servanne Chevaillier
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13485–13503, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13485-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13485-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the Paris region, a campaign was conducted to study wet deposition of aerosol particles during rainfall events. Simultaneous measurements of aerosol and wet deposition allowed us to discuss their transfer from the atmosphere to rain. Chemical evolution within events revealed meteorology, atmospheric conditions and local vs. long range sources as key factors. This study highlights the variability of wet deposition and the need to consider event-specific factors to understand its mechanisms.
Ting Yang, Yu Xu, Qing Ye, Yi-Jia Ma, Yu-Chen Wang, Jian-Zhen Yu, Yu-Sen Duan, Chen-Xi Li, Hong-Wei Xiao, Zi-Yue Li, Yue Zhao, and Hua-Yun Xiao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13433–13450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13433-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13433-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, 130 OS species were quantified in ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) collected in urban and suburban Shanghai (East China) in the summer of 2021. The daytime OS formation was concretized based on the interactions among OSs, ultraviolet (UV), ozone (O3), and sulfate. Our finding provides field evidence for the influence of photochemical process and anthropogenic sulfate on OS formation and has important implications for the mitigation of organic particulate pollution.
Elena Barbaro, Matteo Feltracco, Fabrizio De Blasi, Clara Turetta, Marta Radaelli, Warren Cairns, Giulio Cozzi, Giovanna Mazzi, Marco Casula, Jacopo Gabrieli, Carlo Barbante, and Andrea Gambaro
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2346, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2346, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The study analyzed a year of atmospheric aerosol composition at Col Margherita in the Italian Alps. Over 100 chemical markers were identified, including major ions, organic compounds, and trace elements. It revealed sources of aerosol, highlighted impacts of Saharan Dust events, and showed anthropogenic pollution's influence despite the site's remoteness. Enrichment factors emphasized non-natural sources of trace elements. Source apportionment identified four key factors affecting the area.
Miao Zhong, Jianzhong Xu, Huiqin Wang, Li Gao, Haixia Zhu, Lixiang Zhai, Xinghua Zhang, and Wenhui Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12609–12630, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12609-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12609-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study focus on coal-combustion-dominated aerosol in urban areas in northwestern China and combines the results of optical measurement and chemical analysis to deduce the evolution of these characteristics in the atmosphere, which has previously been unknown. The results provide insights into the effects of atmospheric processes and emissions on brown carbon properties.
Li Wu, Hyo-Jin Eom, Hanjin Yoo, Dhrubajyoti Gupta, Hye-Rin Cho, Pingqing Fu, and Chul-Un Ro
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12571–12588, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12571-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12571-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Hygroscopicity of ambient marine aerosols is of critical relevance to investigate their atmospheric impacts, which, however, remain uncertain due to their complex compositions and mixing states. Therefore, a study on the hygroscopic behavior of ambient marine aerosols for understanding the phase states when interacting with water vapor at different RH levels and their subsequent impacts on the heterogeneous chemical reactions, atmospheric environment, and human health is of vital importance.
Yutong Liang, Rebecca A. Wernis, Kasper Kristensen, Nathan M. Kreisberg, Philip L. Croteau, Scott C. Herndon, Arthur W. H. Chan, Nga L. Ng, and Allen H. Goldstein
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12441–12454, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12441-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12441-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the gas–particle partitioning behaviors of biomass burning markers and examined the effect of wildfire organic aerosol on the partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds. Most compounds measured are less volatile than model predictions. Wildfire aerosol enhanced the condensation of polar compounds and caused some nonpolar (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) compounds to partition into the gas phase, thus affecting their lifetimes in the atmosphere and the mode of exposure.
Bojiang Su, Xinhui Bi, Zhou Zhang, Yue Liang, Congbo Song, Tao Wang, Yaohao Hu, Lei Li, Zhen Zhou, Jinpei Yan, Xinming Wang, and Guohua Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10697–10711, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10697-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10697-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
During the R/V Xuelong cruise observation over the Ross Sea, Antarctica, the mass concentrations of water-soluble Ca2+ and the mass spectra of individual calcareous particles were measured. Our results indicated that lower temperature, lower wind speed, and the presence of sea ice may facilitate Ca2+ enrichment in sea spray aerosols and highlighted the potential contribution of organically complexed calcium to calcium enrichment, which is inaccurate based solely on water-soluble Ca2+ estimation.
Jing Cai, Juha Sulo, Yifang Gu, Sebastian Holm, Runlong Cai, Steven Thomas, Almuth Neuberger, Fredrik Mattsson, Marco Paglione, Stefano Decesari, Matteo Rinaldi, Rujing Yin, Diego Aliaga, Wei Huang, Yuanyuan Li, Yvette Gramlich, Giancarlo Ciarelli, Lauriane Quéléver, Nina Sarnela, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Nora Zannoni, Cheng Wu, Wei Nie, Claudia Mohr, Markku Kulmala, Qiaozhi Zha, Dominik Stolzenburg, and Federico Bianchi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1803, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1803, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
By combining field measurements, simulations, and recent chamber experiments, we investigate new particle formation (NPF) and its growth in Po Valley, where both haze and frequent NPF occurred. Our results showed sulfuric acid, ammonia, and amines are the dominant NPF precursors there. A high formation rate of NPF and a lower condensation sink lead to a greater survival probability for newly formed particles, highlighting the importance of gas-to-particle conversion to aerosol concentrations.
Valeria Mardoñez, Marco Pandolfi, Lucille Joanna S. Borlaza, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Andrés Alastuey, Jean-Luc Besombes, Isabel Moreno R., Noemi Perez, Griša Močnik, Patrick Ginot, Radovan Krejci, Vladislav Chrastny, Alfred Wiedensohler, Paolo Laj, Marcos Andrade, and Gaëlle Uzu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10325–10347, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10325-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10325-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
La Paz and El Alto are two fast-growing, high-altitude Bolivian cities forming the second-largest metropolitan area in the country. The sources of particulate matter (PM) in this conurbation were not previously investigated. This study identified 11 main sources of PM, of which dust and vehicular emissions stand out as the main ones. The influence of regional biomass combustion and local waste combustion was also observed, with the latter being a major source of hazardous compounds.
Sayako Ueda, Yoko Iwamoto, Fumikazu Taketani, Mingxu Liu, and Hitoshi Matsui
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10117–10135, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10117-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10117-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We examine iron in atmospheric fine aerosol particles collected over the Indian Ocean during shipborne observations in November 2018. Transmission electron microscopy analysis with water dialysis shows that various types of iron (fly ash, iron oxide, and mineral dust) co-exist with ammonium sulfate and that their solubility differs depending on the iron type. Using PM2.5 bulk samples and global model simulations, we elucidate their origins, aging, and implications for present iron simulations.
Farhan R. Nursanto, Roy Meinen, Rupert Holzinger, Maarten C. Krol, Xinya Liu, Ulrike Dusek, Bas Henzing, and Juliane L. Fry
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10015–10034, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10015-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10015-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Particulate matter (PM) is a harmful air pollutant that depends on the complex mixture of natural and anthropogenic emissions into the atmosphere. Thus, in different regions and seasons, the way that PM is formed and grows can differ. In this study, we use a combined statistical analysis of the chemical composition and particle size distribution to determine what drives particle formation and growth across seasons, using varying wind directions to elucidate the role of different sources.
Kohei Sakata, Aya Sakaguchi, Yoshiaki Yamakawa, Chihiro Miyamoto, Minako Kurisu, and Yoshio Takahashi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9815–9836, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9815-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9815-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Anthropogenic iron is the dominant source of dissolved Fe in aerosol particles, but its contribution to dissolved Fe in aerosol particles has not been quantitatively evaluated. We established the molar concentration ratio of dissolved Fe to dissolved Al as a new indicator to evaluate the contribution of anthropogenic iron. As a result, about 10 % of dissolved Fe in aerosol particles was derived from anthropogenic iron when aerosol particles were transported from East Asia to the Pacific Ocean.
Wei Huang, Cheng Wu, Linyu Gao, Yvette Gramlich, Sophie L. Haslett, Joel Thornton, Felipe D. Lopez-Hilfiker, Ben H. Lee, Junwei Song, Harald Saathoff, Xiaoli Shen, Ramakrishna Ramisetty, Sachchida N. Tripathi, Dilip Ganguly, Feng Jiang, Magdalena Vallon, Siegfried Schobesberger, Taina Yli-Juuti, and Claudia Mohr
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1821, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1821, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present distinct molecular composition and volatility of oxygenated organic aerosol particles in different rural, urban, and remote environments across the globe. We did a comprehensive investigation of the relationship between chemical composition and volatility of oxygenated organic aerosol particles across different systems and environments. This study provides implications for volatility descriptions of oxygenated organic aerosol particles in different model frameworks.
Li Li, Qiyuan Wang, Jie Tian, Huikun Liu, Yong Zhang, Steven Sai Hang Ho, Weikang Ran, and Junji Cao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9597–9612, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9597-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9597-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Tibetan Plateau has a unique geographical location, but there is a lack of detailed research on the real-time characteristics of full aerosol composition. This study elaborates the changes in chemical characteristics between transport and local fine particles during the pre-monsoon, reveals the size distribution and the mixing states of different individual particles, and highlights the contributions of photooxidation and aqueous reaction to the formation of the secondary species.
Erin K. Boedicker, Elisabeth Andrews, Patrick J. Sheridan, and Patricia K. Quinn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9525–9547, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9525-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9525-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present 15 years of measurements from a marine site on the northern California coast and characterize the seasonal trends of aerosol ion composition and optical properties at the site. We investigate the relationship between the chemical and optical properties and show that they both support similar seasonal variations in aerosol sources at the site. Additionally, we show through comparisons to other marine aerosol observations that the site is representative of a clean marine environment.
Qian Li, Dantong Liu, Xiaotong Jiang, Ping Tian, Yangzhou Wu, Siyuan Li, Kang Hu, Quan Liu, Mengyu Huang, Ruijie Li, Kai Bi, Shaofei Kong, Deping Ding, and Chenjie Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9439–9453, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9439-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9439-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
By attributing the shortwave absorption from black carbon, primary organic aerosol and secondary organic aerosol in a suburban environment, we firstly observed that the photochemically produced nitrogen-containing secondary organic aerosol may contribute to the enhancement of brown carbon absorption, partly compensating for some bleaching effect on the absorption of primary organic aerosol, hereby exerting radiative impacts.
Yong Zhang, Jie Tian, Qiyuan Wang, Lu Qi, Manousos Ioannis Manousakas, Yuemei Han, Weikang Ran, Yele Sun, Huikun Liu, Renjian Zhang, Yunfei Wu, Tianqu Cui, Kaspar Rudolf Daellenbach, Jay Gates Slowik, André S. H. Prévôt, and Junji Cao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9455–9471, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9455-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9455-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
PM2.5 pollution still frequently occurs in northern China during winter, and it is necessary to figure out the causes of air pollution based on intensive real-time measurement. The findings elaborate the chemical characteristics and source contributions of PM2.5 in three pilot cities, reveal potential formation mechanisms of secondary aerosols, and highlight the importance of controlling biomass burning and inhibiting generation of secondary aerosol for air quality improvement.
Qi Yuan, Yuanyuan Wang, Yixin Chen, Siyao Yue, Jian Zhang, Yinxiao Zhang, Liang Xu, Wei Hu, Dantong Liu, Pingqing Fu, Huiwang Gao, and Weijun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9385–9399, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9385-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9385-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study for the first time found large amounts of liquid–liquid phase separation particles with soot redistributing in organic coatings instead of sulfate cores in the eastern Tibetan Plateau atmosphere. The particle size and the ratio of the organic matter coating thickness to soot size are two of the major possible factors that likely affect the soot redistribution process. The soot redistribution process promoted the morphological compaction of soot particles.
Yuting Lyu, Yin Hau Lam, Yitao Li, Nadine Borduas-Dedekind, and Theodora Nah
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9245–9263, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9245-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9245-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured singlet oxygen (1O2*) and triplet excited states of organic matter (3C*) in illuminated aqueous extracts of PM2.5 collected in different seasons at different sites in Hong Kong SAR, South China. In contrast to the locations, seasonality had significant effects on 3C* and 1O2* production due to seasonal variations in long-range air mass transport. The steady-state concentrations of 3C* and 1O2* correlated with the concentration and absorbance of water-soluble organic carbon.
Sophie L. Haslett, David M. Bell, Varun Kumar, Jay G. Slowik, Dongyu S. Wang, Suneeti Mishra, Neeraj Rastogi, Atinderpal Singh, Dilip Ganguly, Joel Thornton, Feixue Zheng, Yuanyuan Li, Wei Nie, Yongchun Liu, Wei Ma, Chao Yan, Markku Kulmala, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, David Hadden, Urs Baltensperger, Andre S. H. Prevot, Sachchida N. Tripathi, and Claudia Mohr
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9023–9036, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9023-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9023-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In Delhi, some aspects of daytime and nighttime atmospheric chemistry are inverted, and parodoxically, vehicle emissions may be limiting other forms of particle production. This is because the nighttime emissions of nitrogen oxide (NO) by traffic and biomass burning prevent some chemical processes that would otherwise create even more particles and worsen the urban haze.
Rose Marie Miller, Robert M. Rauber, Larry Di Girolamo, Matthew Rilloraza, Dongwei Fu, Greg M. McFarquhar, Stephen W. Nesbitt, Luke D. Ziemba, Sarah Woods, and Kenneth Lee Thornhill
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8959–8977, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8959-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8959-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The influence of human-produced aerosols on clouds remains one of the uncertainties in radiative forcing of Earth’s climate. Measurements of aerosol chemistry from sources around the Philippines illustrate the linkage between aerosol chemical composition and cloud droplet characteristics. Differences in aerosol chemical composition in the marine layer from biomass burning, industrial, ship-produced, and marine aerosols are shown to impact cloud microphysical structure just above cloud base.
Yiyu Cai, Chenshuo Ye, Wei Chen, Weiwei Hu, Wei Song, Yuwen Peng, Shan Huang, Jipeng Qi, Sihang Wang, Chaomin Wang, Caihong Wu, Zelong Wang, Baolin Wang, Xiaofeng Huang, Lingyan He, Sasho Gligorovski, Bin Yuan, Min Shao, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8855–8877, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8855-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8855-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the variability and molecular composition of ambient oxidized organic nitrogen (OON) in both gas and particle phases using a state-of-the-art online mass spectrometer in urban air. Biomass burning and secondary formation were found to be the two major sources of OON. Daytime nitrate radical chemistry for OON formation was more important than previously thought. Our results improved the understanding of the sources and molecular composition of OON in the polluted urban atmosphere.
Frédéric Ledoux, Cloé Roche, Gilles Delmaire, Gilles Roussel, Olivier Favez, Marc Fadel, and Dominique Courcot
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8607–8622, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8607-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8607-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We quantify the emissions from the marine sector in northern France, whether from natural or human-made sources. Therefore, a 1-year PM10 sampling campaign was conducted at a French coastal site. Results showed that sea salts contributed 37 %, while secondary nitrate and sulfate contributed 42 %, biomass burning 8 %, and heavy-fuel-oil combustion from shipping emissions 5 %. Sources contributing more than 80 % of PM10 are of regional and/or long-range origin.
Cuizhi Sun, Yongyun Zhang, Baoling Liang, Min Gao, Xi Sun, Fei Li, Xue Ni, Qibin Sun, Hengjia Ou, Dexian Chen, Shengzhen Zhou, and Jun Zhao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1589, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1589, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Black and brown carbon particles contribute significantly to light absorption and hence heat the atmosphere. However, their contribution is currently not well known, especially in the South China Sea. We conduct a ship-based cruise campaign in this region to measure the properties of these particles using advanced instruments. The results show that the properties differed depending on their origins, and the size, shape, and fractal dimensions changed little after they spent some time in the air.
Junke Zhang, Yunfei Su, Chunying Chen, Wenkai Guo, Miao Feng, Danlin Song, Tao Jiang, Qiang Chen, Yuan Li, Wei Li, Yizhi Wang, Qinwen Tan, Ruohan Wu, Ruiyan Pu, Minhui Lu, Xuhui Shen, and Xiaojuan Huang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1593, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1593, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Despite significant improvements in air quality in recent years, Chengdu is still facing frequent haze pollution in winter and its formation mechanism is still not clear enough. We analyzed the typical pollution process that occurred in early 2023 by combining two different perspectives of chemical component determination results, source analysis results and model simulation results. We found that that the joint prevention and control of regional air pollution is still necessary for Chengdu.
C. Isabel Moreno, Radovan Krejci, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Gaëlle Uzu, Andrés Alastuey, Marcos F. Andrade, Valeria Mardóñez, Alkuin Maximilian Koenig, Diego Aliaga, Claudia Mohr, Laura Ticona, Fernando Velarde, Luis Blacutt, Ricardo Forno, David N. Whiteman, Alfred Wiedensohler, Patrick Ginot, and Paolo Laj
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1298, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1298, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol chemical composition (ions, sugars, carbonaceous matter) from 2011 to 2020 was studied at Mt. Chacaltaya (5380 masl, Bolivian Andes), in a region lacking data. Minimum concentrations occur in the rainy season and maxima in the dry-transition seasons. The origins of the aerosol are located in a radius of hundreds of kilometers: nearby urban and rural areas; natural biogenic emissions; vegetation burning from Amazonia and Chaco; Pacific Ocean emissions; soil dust; and Peruvian volcanism.
Shuhui Zhu, Min Zhou, Liping Qiao, Dan Dan Huang, Qiongqiong Wang, Shan Wang, Yaqin Gao, Shengao Jing, Qian Wang, Hongli Wang, Changhong Chen, Cheng Huang, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7551–7568, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7551-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7551-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Organic aerosol (OA) is increasingly important in urban PM2.5 pollution as inorganic ions are becoming lower. We investigated the chemical characteristics of OA during nine episodes in Shanghai. The availability of bi-hourly measured molecular markers revealed that the control of local urban sources such as vehicular and cooking emissions lessened the severity of local episodes. Regional control of precursors and biomass burning would reduce PM2.5 episodes influenced by regional transport.
Karolina Siegel, Yvette Gramlich, Sophie L. Haslett, Gabriel Freitas, Radovan Krejci, Paul Zieger, and Claudia Mohr
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7569–7587, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7569-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7569-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Hydroperoxymethyl thioformate (HPMTF) is a recently discovered oxidation product of dimethyl sulfide (DMS). We present a full year of concurrent gas- and particle-phase observations of HPMTF and other DMS oxidation products from the Arctic. We did not observe significant amounts of HPMTF in the particle phase but a good agreement between gas-phase HMPTF and methanesulfonic acid in the summer. Our study provides information about the relationship between HPMTF and other DMS oxidation products.
Cited articles
Adebiyi, A. A. and Kok, J. F.: Climate models miss most of the coarse dust
in the atmosphere, Sci. Adv., 6, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz9507,
2020.
Albarede, F., Telouk, P., Blichert-Toft, J., Boyet, M., Agranier, A.,
Nelson, B., Albarède, F., Telouk, P., Blichert-Toft, J., Boyet, M.,
Agranier, A., and Nelson, B.: Precise and accurate isotopic measurements
using multiple-collector ICPMS, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 68,
2725–2744, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.11.024, 2004.
Baker, A. R. and Jickells, T. D.: Mineral particle size as a control on
aerosol iron solubility, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, 1–4,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026557, 2006.
Beard, B. L., Johnson, C. M., Skulan, J. L., Nealson, K. H., Cox, L., and
Sun, H.: Application of Fe isotopes to tracing the geochemical and
biological cycling of Fe, Chem. Geol., 195, 87–117,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00390-X, 2003.
Berry, A. J., O'Neill, H. S. C., Jayasuriya, K. D., Campbell, S. J., and
Foran, G. J.: XANES calibrations for the oxidation state of iron in a
silicate glass, Am. Mineral., 88, 967–977, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2003-0704,
2003.
Buck, C. S., Landing, W. M., Resing, J. A., and Lebon, G. T.: Aerosol iron
and aluminum solubility in the northwest Pacific Ocean: Results from the
2002 IOC cruise, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 7, 1–21,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GC000977, 2006.
Buck, C. S., Aguilar-Islas, A., Marsay, C., Kadko, D., and Landing, W. M.:
Trace element concentrations, elemental ratios, and enrichment factors
observed in aerosol samples collected during the US GEOTRACES eastern
Pacific Ocean transect (GP16), Chem. Geol., 511, 212–224,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.01.002, 2019.
Charlson, R. J., Lovecook, J. E., Andreae, M. O., and Warren, S. G.: Ocean
phytoplankton, atmospheric sulfur, cloud albdeo and climate, Nature,
326, 655–661, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GB002183, 1987.
Chen, H. and Grassian, V. H.: Iron dissolution of dust source materials
during simulated acidic processing: The effect of sulfuric, acetic, and
oxalic acids, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 10312–10321,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es401285s, 2013.
Chen, H., Laskin, A., Baltrusaitis, J., Gorski, C. A., Scherer, M. M., and
Grassian, V. H.: Coal fly ash as a source of iron in atmospheric dust,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 2112–2120, https://doi.org/10.1021/es204102f, 2012.
Ciais, P., Sabine, C., Bala, G., Bopp, L., Brovkin, V., Canadell, J.,
Chhabra, A., DeFries, R., Galloway, J., Heimann, M., Jones, C.,
Quéré, C. Le, Myneni, R. B., Piao, S., and Thornton, P.: “Carbon and
other biogeochemical cycles”, Climate change 2013: the physical science
basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 2014.
Conway, T. M. and John, S. G.: Quantification of dissolved iron sources to
the North Atlantic Ocean, Nature, 511, 212–215,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13482, 2014.
Conway, T. M., Rosenberg, A. D., Adkins, J. F., and John, S. G.: A new method
for precise determination of iron, zinc and cadmium stable isotope ratios in
seawater by double-spike mass spectrometry, Anal. Chim. Acta, 793, 44–52,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2013.07.025, 2013.
Conway, T. M., Hamilton, D. S., Shelley, R. U., Aguilar-Islas, A. M.,
Landing, W. M., Mahowald, N. M., and John, S. G.: Tracing and constraining
anthropogenic aerosol iron fluxes to the North Atlantic Ocean using iron
isotopes, Nat. Commun., 10, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10457-w, 2019.
Cornell, R. M. and Schwertmann, U.: The iron oxides, structure, properties, reactions, occurrences and uses, 2nd Edn., Wiley-VCH Pub., Weinheim, Germany, 2003.
Dauphas, N., John, S. G., and Rouxel, O.: Iron isotope systematics, Rev.
Mineral. Geochem., 82, 415–510, https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2017.82.11, 2017.
Dideriksen, K., Christiansen, B. C., Frandsen, C., Balic-Zunic, T.,
Mørup, S., and Stipp, S. L. S.: Paleo-redox boundaries in fractured
granite, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 74, 2866–2880,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.02.022, 2010.
Duce, R. A. and Tindale, N. W.: Atmospheric transport of iron and its
deposition in the ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 36, 1715–1726,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1991.36.8.1715, 1991.
Duce, R. A., Liss, P. S., Merrill, J. T., Atlas, E. L., Buat-Menard, P.,
Hicks, B. B., Miller, J. M., Prospero, J. M., Arimoto, R., Church, T. M.,
Ellis, W., Galloway, J. N., Hansen, L., Jickells, T. D., Knap, A. H.,
Reinhardt, K. H., Schneider, B., Soudine, A., Tokos, J. J., Tsunogai, S.,
Wollast, R., and Zhou, M.: The atmospheric input of trace species to the
world ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 5, 193–259,
https://doi.org/10.1029/91GB01778, 1991.
Ellwood, M. J., Hutchins, D. A., Lohan, M. C., Milne, A., Nasemann, P.,
Nodder, S. D., Sander, S. G., Strzepek, R., Wilhelm, S. W., and Boyd, P. W.:
Iron stable isotopes track pelagic iron cycling during a subtropical
phytoplankton bloom, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 112, 15–20,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421576112, 2015.
Falkowski, P. G., Barber, R. T., and Smetacek, V.: Biogeochemical controls
and feedbacks on ocean primary production, Science, 281,
200–206, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5374.200, 1998.
Fantle, M. S. and DePaolo, D. J.: Iron isotopic fractionation during
continental weathering, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 228, 547–562,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.10.013, 2004.
Fitzsimmons, J. N., John, S. G., Marsay, C. M., Hoffman, C. L., Nicholas, S.
L., Toner, B. M., German, C. R., and Sherrell, R. M.: Iron persistence in a
distal hydrothermal plume supported by dissolved-particulate exchange, Nat.
Geosci., 10, 195–201, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2900, 2017.
Gong, Y., Xia, Y., Huang, F., and Yu, H.: Average iron isotopic compositions
of the upper continental crust: constrained by loess from the Chinese Loess
Plateau, Acta Geochim., 36, 125–131, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-016-0131-5,
2017.
Guelke, M. and Von Blanckenburg, F.: Fractionation of stable iron isotopes
in higher plants, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 1896–1901,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es062288j, 2007.
Hamilton, D. S., Moore, J. K., Arneth, A., Bond, T. C., Carslaw, K. S.,
Hantson, S., Ito, A., Kaplan, J. O., Lindsay, K., Nieradzik, L., Rathod, S.
D., Scanza, R. A., and Mahowald, N. M.: Impact of Changes to the Atmospheric
Soluble Iron Deposition Flux on Ocean Biogeochemical Cycles in the
Anthropocene, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 34, 1–22,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GB006448, 2020.
Heimann, A., Beard, B. L., and Johnson, C. M.: The role of volatile
exsolution and sub-solidus fluid/rock interactions in producing high
56Fe 54Fe ratios in siliceous igneous rocks, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac.,
72, 4379–4396, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.06.009, 2008.
Hoesly, R. M., Smith, S. J., Feng, L., Klimont, Z., Janssens-Maenhout, G.,
Pitkanen, T., Seibert, J. J., Vu, L., Andres, R. J., Bolt, R. M., Bond, T.
C., Dawidowski, L., Kholod, N., Kurokawa, J. I., Li, M., Liu, L., Lu, Z.,
Moura, M. C. P., O'Rourke, P. R., and Zhang, Q.: Historical (1750–2014)
anthropogenic emissions of reactive gases and aerosols from the Community
Emissions Data System (CEDS), Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 369–408,
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-369-2018, 2018.
Ingall, E., Feng, Y., Longo, A., Lai, B., Shelley, R., Landing, W., Morton,
P., Nenes, A., Mihalopoulos, N., Violaki, K., Gao, Y., Sahai, S., and
Castorina, E.: Enhanced Iron Solubility at Low pH in Global Aerosols,
Atmosphere (Basel), 9, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9050201, 2018.
Ito, A.: Atmospheric processing of combustion aerosols as a source of
bioavailable iron, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 2, 70–75,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00007, 2015.
Ito, A. and Shi, Z.: Delivery of anthropogenic bioavailable iron from
mineral dust and combustion aerosols to the ocean, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16,
85–99, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-85-2016, 2016.
Ito, A., Lin, G., and Penner, J. E.: Radiative forcing by light-absorbing
aerosols of pyrogenetic iron oxides, Sci. Rep., 8, 1–11,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25756-3, 2018.
Ito, A., Myriokefalitakis, S., Kanakidou, M., Mahowald, N. M., Scanza, R.
A., Hamilton, D. S., Baker, A. R., Jickells, T., Sarin, M., Bikkina, S.,
Gao, Y., Shelley, R. U., Buck, C. S., Landing, W. M., Bowie, A. R., Perron,
M. M. G., Guieu, C., Meskhidze, N., Johnson, M. S., Feng, Y., Kok, J. F.,
Nenes, A., and Duce, R. A.: Pyrogenic iron: The missing link to high iron
solubility in aerosols, Sci. Adv., 5, 13–15, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau7671,
2019.
Ito, A., Ye, Y., Yamamoto, A., Watanabe, M., and Aita, M. N.: Responses of
ocean biogeochemistry to atmospheric supply of lithogenic and pyrogenic
iron-containing aerosols, Geol. Mag., 157, 741–756,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756819001080, 2020.
Ito, A., Ye, Y., Baldo, C., and Shi, Z.: Ocean fertilization by pyrogenic
aerosol iron, npj Clim. Atmos. Sci., 4, 30, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-021-00185-8,
2021a.
Ito, A., Adebiyi, A. A., Huang, Y., and Kok, J. F.: Less atmospheric radiative heating due to aspherical dust with coarser size, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-134, in review, 2021b.
Jickells, T. D.: Global iron connections between desert dust, ocean
biogeochemistry, and climate, Science, 308, 67–71,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1105959, 2005.
John, S. G. and Adkins, J. F.: Analysis of dissolved iron isotopes in
seawater, Mar. Chem., 119, 65–76, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2010.01.001,
2010.
Johnson, C. M., Beard, B. L., Beukes, N. J., Klein, C., and O'Leary, J. M.:
Ancient geochemical cycling in the Earth as inferred from Fe isotope studies
of banded iron formations from the Transvaal Craton, Contrib. Mineral.
Petrol., 144, 523–547, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-002-0418-x, 2003.
Jung, J., Lyu, Y., Lee, M., Hwang, T., Lee, S., and Oh, S.: Impact of
Siberian forest fires on the atmosphere over the Korean Peninsula during
summer 2014, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 6757–6770,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6757-2016, 2016.
Kamezaki, K., Hattori, S., Iwamoto, Y., Ishino, S., Furutani, H., Miki, Y.,
Uematsu, M., Miura, K., and Yoshida, N.: Tracing the sources and formation
pathways of atmospheric particulate nitrate over the Pacific Ocean using
stable isotopes, Atmos. Environ., 209, 152–166,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.04.026, 2019.
Kiczka, M., Wiederhold, J. G., Frommer, J., Kraemer, S. M., Bourdon, B., and
Kretzschmar, R.: Iron isotope fractionation during proton- and
ligand-promoted dissolution of primary phyllosilicates, Geochim. Cosmochim.
Ac., 74, 3112–3128, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.02.018, 2010.
Kodama, S., Takahashi, Y., Okumura, K., and Uruga, T.: Speciation of iodine
in solid environmental samples by iodine K-edge XANES: Application to soils
and ferromanganese oxides, Sci. Total Environ., 363, 275–284,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.01.004, 2006.
Kurisu, M. and Takahashi, Y.: Testing iron stable isotope ratios as a
signature of biomass burning, Atmosphere (Basel), 10, 1–15,
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10020076, 2019.
Kurisu, M., Sakata, K., Miyamoto, C., Takaku, Y., Iizuka, T., and Takahashi,
Y.: Variation of iron isotope ratios in anthropogenic materials emitted
through combustion processes, Chem. Lett., 45, 970–972,
https://doi.org/10.1246/cl.160451, 2016a.
Kurisu, M., Takahashi, Y., Iizuka, T., and Uematsu, M.: Very low isotope
ratio of iron in fine aerosols related to its contribution to the surface
ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 11119–11136, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD024957, 2016b.
Kurisu, M., Adachi, K., Sakata, K., and Takahashi, Y.: Stable Isotope Ratios
of Combustion Iron Produced by Evaporation in a Steel Plant, ACS Earth Sp.
Chem., 3, 588–598, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.8b00171, 2019.
Labatut, M., Lacan, F., Pradoux, C., Chemeleff, J., Radic, A., Murray, J.
W., Poitrasson, F., Johansen, A. M., and Thil, F.: Iron sources and
dissolved-particulate interactions in the seawater of the Western Equatorial
Pacific, iron isotope perspectives, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 28,
1044–1065, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB004928, 2014.
Lam, P. J. and Bishop, J. K. B.: The continental margin is a key source of
iron to the HNLC North Pacific Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, 1–5,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033294, 2008.
Li, W., Xu, L., Liu, X., Zhang, J., Lin, Y., Yao, X., Gao, H., Zhang, D.,
Chen, J., Wang, W., Harrison, R. M., Zhang, X., Shao, L., Fu, P., Nenes, A.,
and Shi, Z.: Air pollution–aerosol interactions produce more bioavailable
iron for ocean ecosystems, Sci. Adv., 3, 1–7,
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601749, 2017.
Liu, S. A., Teng, F. Z., Li, S., Wei, G. J., Ma, J. L., and Li, D.: Copper
and iron isotope fractionation during weathering and pedogenesis: Insights
from saprolite profiles, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 146, 59–75,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.09.040, 2014.
Luo, C., Mahowald, N., Bond, T., Chuang, P. Y., Artaxo, P., Siefert, R.,
Chen, Y., and Schauer, J.: Combustion iron distribution and deposition,
Global Biogeochem. Cy., 22, 1–17,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB002964, 2008.
Maggi, V., Baccolo, G., Cibin, G., Delmonte, B., Hampai, D., and Marcelli,
A.: XANES Iron Geochemistry in the Mineral Dust of the Talos Dome Ice Core
(Antarctica) and the Southern Hemisphere Potential Source Areas, Condens.
Matter, 3, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat3040045, 2018.
Mahowald, N. M., Hamilton, D. S., Mackey, K. R. M., Moore, J. K., Baker, A.
R., Scanza, R. A., and Zhang, Y.: Aerosol trace metal leaching and impacts on
marine microorganisms, Nat. Commun., 9, 1–15,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04970-7, 2018.
Majestic, B. J., Anbar, A. D., and Herckes, P.: Elemental and iron isotopic
composition of aerosols collected in a parking structure, Sci. Total
Environ., 407, 5104–5109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.05.053, 2009.
Martin, J. H. and Fitzwater, S. E.: Iron de?ciency limits phytoplankton
growth in the north-east Paci?c subarctic, Nature, 331, 947–975,
https://doi.org/10.1038/331341a0, 1988.
Martin, J. H., Gordon, R. M., Fitzwater, S., and Broenkow, W. W.: Vertex:
phytoplankton/iron studies in the Gulf of Alaska, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. A, 36, 649–680, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(89)90144-1,
1989.
Martin, J. H., Coale, K. H., Johnson, K. S., Fitzwater, S. E., Gordon, R.
M., Tanner, S. J., Hunter, C. N., Elrod, V. A., Nowicki, J. L., Coley, T.
L., Barber, R. T., Lindley, S., Watson, A. J., Van Scoy, K., Law, C. S.,
Liddicoat, M. I., Ling, R., Stanton, T., Stockel, J., Collins, C., Anderson,
A., Bidigare, R., Ondrusek, M., Latasa, M., Millero, F. J., Lee, K., Yao,
W., Zhang, J. Z., Friederich, G., Sakamoto, C., Chavez, F., Buck, K.,
Kolber, Z., Greene, R., Falkowski, P., Chisholm, S. W., Hoge, F., Swift, R.,
Yungel, J., Turner, S., Nightingale, P., Hatton, A., Liss, P., and Tindale,
N. W.: Testing the iron hypothesis in ecosystems of the equatorial Pacific
Ocean, Nature, 371, 123–129, https://doi.org/10.1038/371123a0, 1994.
Matsui, H., Mahowald, N. M., Moteki, N., Hamilton, D. S., Ohata, S.,
Yoshida, A., Koike, M., Scanza, R. A., and Flanner, M. G.: Anthropogenic
combustion iron as a complex climate forcer, Nat. Commun., 9, 1593,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03997-0, 2018.
Mead, C., Herckes, P., Majestic, B. J., and Anbar, A. D.: Source
apportionment of aerosol iron in the marine environment using iron isotope
analysis, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 5722–5727, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL057713,
2013.
Meskhidze, N., Völker, C., Al-Abadleh, H. A., Barbeau, K., Bressac, M.,
Buck, C., Bundy, R. M., Croot, P., Feng, Y., Ito, A., Johansen, A. M.,
Landing, W. M., Mao, J., Myriokefalitakis, S., Ohnemus, D., Pasquier, B., and
Ye, Y.: Perspective on identifying and characterizing the processes
controlling iron speciation and residence time at the atmosphere-ocean
interface, Mar. Chem., 217, 103704,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2019.103704, 2019.
Moore, C. M., Mills, M. M., Arrigo, K. R., Berman-Frank, I., Bopp, L., Boyd,
P. W., Galbraith, E. D., Geider, R. J., Guieu, C., Jaccard, S. L., Jickells,
T. D., La Roche, J., Lenton, T. M., Mahowald, N. M., Marañón, E.,
Marinov, I., Moore, J. K., Nakatsuka, T., Oschlies, A., Saito, M. A.,
Thingstad, T. F., Tsuda, A., and Ulloa, O.: Processes and patterns of oceanic
nutrient limitation, Nat. Geosci., 6, 701–710, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1765,
2013.
Morton, P. L., Landing, W. M., Hsu, S. C., Milne, A., Aguilar-Islas, A. M.,
Baker, A. R., Bowie, A. R., Buck, C. S., Gao, Y., Gichuki, S., Hastings, M.
G., Hatta, M., Johansen, A. M., Losno, R., Mead, C., Patey, M. D., Swarr,
G., Vandermark, A., and Zamora, L. M.: Methods for the sampling and analysis
of marine aerosols: Results from the 2008 GEOTRACES aerosol intercalibration
experiment, Limnol. Oceanogr. Method., 11, 62–78,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2013.11.62, 2013.
Myriokefalitakis, S., Ito, A., Kanakidou, M., Nenes, A., Krol, M. C.,
Mahowald, N. M., Scanza, R. A., Hamilton, D. S., Johnson, M. S., Meskhidze,
N., Kok, J. F., Guieu, C., Baker, A. R., Jickells, T. D., Sarin, M. M.,
Bikkina, S., Shelley, R., Bowie, A., Perron, M. M. G., and Duce, R. A.:
Reviews and syntheses: The GESAMP atmospheric iron deposition model
intercomparison study, Biogeosciences, 15, 6659–6684,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6659-2018, 2018.
Nishikawa, M., Hao, Q., and Morita, M.: Preparation and evaluation of
certified reference materials for Asian mineral dust, Glob. Environ. Res.,
4, 103–113, 2000.
Nishioka, J. and Obata, H.: Dissolved iron distribution in the western and
central subarctic Pacific: HNLC water formation and biogeochemical
processes, Limnol. Oceanogr., 62, 2004–2022, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10548,
2017.
Nishioka, J., Ono, T., Saito, H., Nakatsuka, T., Takeda, S., Yoshimura, T.,
Suzuki, K., Kuma, K., Nakabayashi, S., Tsumune, D., Mitsudera, H., Johnson,
W. K., and Tsuda, A.: Iron supply to the western subarctic Pacific:
Importance of iron export from the Sea of Okhotsk, J. Geophys. Res.,
112, C10012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JC004055, 2007.
Nishioka, J., Obata, H., and Tsumune, D.: Evidence of an extensive spread of
hydrothermal dissolved iron in the Indian Ocean, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett.,
361, 26–33, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.11.040, 2013.
Nishioka, J., Obata, H., Ogawa, H., Ono, K., Yamashita, Y., Lee, K., Takeda,
S., and Yasuda, I.: Subpolar marginal seas fuel the North Pacific through the
intermediate water at the termination of the global ocean circulation.,
P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 117, 23, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000658117, 2020.
Nriagu, J. O. and Pacyna, J. M.: Quantative assessment of worldwide
contamination of air, water and soils by trace metals, Nature, 333,
134–139, https://doi.org/10.1038/332141a0, 1988.
Ooki, A., Nishioka, J., Ono, T., and Noriki, S.: Size dependence of iron
solubility of Asian mineral dust particles, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114,
1–8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010804, 2009.
Pehkonen, S. O., Siefert, R., Erel, Y., Webb, S., and Hoffmann, M. R.: Photoreduction of iron oxyhydroxides in the presence of important atmospheric organic compounds, Environ. Sci. Technol., 27, 2056–2062, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00047a010, 1993.
Pinedo-González, P., Hawco, N. J., Bundy, R. M., and Armbrust, E. V.:
Anthropogenic Asian aerosols provide Fe to the North Pacific Ocean, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 117, 45,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2010315117, 2020.
Radic, A., Lacan, F., and Murray, J. W.: Iron isotopes in the seawater of the
equatorial Pacific Ocean: New constraints for the oceanic iron cycle, Earth
Planet. Sc. Lett., 306, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.03.015, 2011.
Rathod, S. D., Hamilton, D. S., Mahowald, N. M., Klimont, Z., Corbett, J. J.,
and Bond, T. C.: A Mineralogy-Based Anthropogenic Combustion-Iron Emission
Inventory, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, 1–35,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032114, 2020.
Revels, B. N., Zhang, R., Adkins, J. F., and John, S. G.: Fractionation of
iron isotopes during leaching of natural particles by acidic and
circumneutral leaches and development of an optimal leach for marine
particulate iron isotopes, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 166, 92–104,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2015.05.034, 2015.
Rotman, D. A., Atherton, C. S., Bergmann, D. J., Cameron-Smith, P. J.,
Chuang, C. C., Connell, P. S., Dignon, J. E., Franz, A., Grant, K. E.,
Kinnison, D. E., Molenkamp, C. R., Proctor, D. D., and Tannahill, J. R.:
IMPACT, the LLNL 3-D global atmospheric chemical transport model for the
combined troposphere and stratosphere: Model description and analysis of
ozone and other trace gases, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D04303,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd003155, 2004.
Sakata, K., Kurisu, M., Tanimoto, H., Sakaguchi, A., Uematsu, M., Miyamoto,
C., and Takahashi, Y.: Custom-made PTFE filters for ultra-clean
size-fractionated aerosol sampling for trace metals, Mar. Chem., 206,
100–108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2018.09.009, 2018.
Schlitzer, R.: Ocean Data View, available at: https://odv.awi.de (last access: 30 May 2021),
2020.
Schroth, A. W., Crusius, J., Sholkovitz, E. R., and Bostick, B. C.: Iron
solubility driven by speciation in dust sources to the ocean, Nat. Geosci.,
2, 337–340, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo501, 2009.
Shelley, R. U., Morton, P. L., and Landing, W. M.: Elemental ratios and
enrichment factors in aerosols from the US-GEOTRACES North Atlantic
transects, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 116, 262–272,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.12.005, 2015.
Shelley, R. U., Landing, W. M., Ussher, S. J., Planquette, H., and Sarthou,
G.: Regional trends in the fractional solubility of Fe and other metals from
North Atlantic aerosols (GEOTRACES cruises GA01 and GA03) following a
two-stage leach, Biogeosciences, 15, 2271–2288,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2271-2018, 2018.
Sholkovitz, E. R., Sedwick, P. N., and Church, T. M.: Influence of
anthropogenic combustion emissions on the deposition of soluble aerosol iron
to the ocean: Empirical estimates for island sites in the North Atlantic,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 73, 3981–4003, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.04.029,
2009.
Sholkovitz, E. R., Sedwick, P. N., Church, T. M., Baker, A. R., and Powell,
C. F.: Fractional solubility of aerosol iron: Synthesis of a global-scale
data set, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 89, 173–189,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.04.022, 2012.
Stein, A. F., Draxler, R. R., Rolph, G. D., Stunder, B. J. B., Cohen, M. D.,
and Ngan, F.: Noaa's hysplit atmospheric transport and dispersion modeling
system, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 2059–2077,
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00110.1, 2015.
Symonds, R. B., Reed, M. H., and Rose, W. I.: Origin, speciation, and fluxes
of trace-element gases at Augustine volcano, Alaska: Insights into magma
degassing and fumarolic processes, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 56,
633–657, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90087-Y, 1992.
Tagliabue, A., Bopp, L., Dutay, J.-C., Bowie, A. R., Chever, F.,
Jean-Baptiste, P., Bucciarelli, E., Lannuzel, D., Remenyi, T., Sarthou, G.,
Aumont, O., Gehlen, M., and Jeandel, C.: Hydrothermal contribution to the
oceanic dissolved iron inventory, Nat. Geosci., 3, 252–256,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo818, 2010.
Takahashi, Y., Higashi, M., Furukawa, T., and Mitsunobu, S.: Change of iron
species and iron solubility in Asian dust during the long-range transport
from western China to Japan, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11237–11252,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11237-2011, 2011.
Takahashi, Y., Furukawa, T., Kanai, Y., Uematsu, M., Zheng, G., and Marcus,
M. A.: Seasonal changes in Fe species and soluble Fe concentration in the
atmosphere in the Northwest Pacific region based on the analysis of aerosols
collected in Tsukuba, Japan, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 7695–7710,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7695-2013, 2013.
Taylor, S. R.: Abundance of chemical elements in the continental crust: a
new table, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 28, 1273–1285,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(64)90129-2, 1964.
Uematsu, M., Duce, R. A., Prospero, J. M., Chen, L., Merrill, J. T., and
McDonald, R. L.: Transport of mineral aerosol from Asia over the North
Pacific ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 5342–5352,
https://doi.org/10.1029/jc088ic09p05343, 1983.
Uematsu, M., Duce, R. A., and Prospero, J. M.: Deposition of atmospheric
mineral particles in the North Pacific Ocean, J. Atmos. Chem., 3,
123–138, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00049372, 1985.
Wang, B. S. and Ho, T. Y.: Aerosol Fe cycling in the surface water of the
Northwestern Pacific ocean, Prog. Oceanogr., 183, 102291,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102291, 2020.
Wang, Y. F., Huang, K. L., Li, C. T., Mi, H. H., Luo, J. H., and Tsai, P. J.:
Emissions of fuel metals content from a diesel vehicle engine, Atmos.
Environ., 37(33), 4637–4643, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.07.007, 2003.
Weisel, C. P., Duce, R. A., Fasching, J. L., and Heaton, R. W.: Estimates of
the transport of trace metals from the ocean to the atmosphere, J. Geophys.
Res., 89, 11607, https://doi.org/10.1029/JD089iD07p11607, 1984.
Wessel, P., Luis, J. F., Uieda, L., Scharroo, R., Wobbe, F., Smith, W. H. F.,
and Tian, D.: The Generic Mapping Tools Version 6, Geochem. Geophy.
Geosy., 20, 5556–5564, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008515, 2019.
Wiederhold, J. G., Kraemer, S. M., Teutsch, N., Borer, P. M., Halliday, A.
N., and Kretzschmar, R.: Iron isotope fractionation during proton-promoted,
ligand-controlled, and reductive dissolution of goethite, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 40, 3787–3793, https://doi.org/10.1021/es052228y, 2006.
Wiederhold, J. G., Teutsch, N., Kraemer, S. M., Halliday, A. N., and
Kretzschmar, R.: Iron isotope fractionation in oxic soils by mineral
weathering and podzolization, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 71, 5821–5833,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.07.023, 2007.
Wu, J., Rember, R., and Cahill, C.: Dissolution of aerosol iron in the
surface waters of the North Pacific and North Atlantic oceans as determined
by a semicontinuous flow-through reactor method, Global Biogeochem. Cy.,
21, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002851, 2007.
Zhang, Y., Wang, X., Chen, H., Yang, X., Chen, J., and Allen, J. O.: Source
apportionment of lead-containing aerosol particles in Shanghai using single
particle mass spectrometry, Chemosphere, 74, 501–507,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.10.004, 2009.
Short summary
Aerosol iron (Fe) input can enhance oceanic primary production. We analyzed Fe isotope ratios of size-fractionated aerosols over the northwestern Pacific to evaluate the contribution of natural and combustion Fe. It was found that combustion Fe was an important soluble Fe source in marine aerosols and possibly in surface seawater when air masses were from East Asia. This study shows the applicability of Fe isotope ratios for a more quantitative understanding of the Fe cycle in the surface ocean.
Aerosol iron (Fe) input can enhance oceanic primary production. We analyzed Fe isotope ratios of...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint