Articles | Volume 16, issue 13
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8375-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8375-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
12 Jul 2016
Research article |
| 12 Jul 2016
The incorporation of an organic soil layer in the Noah-MP land surface model and its evaluation over a boreal aspen forest
Liang Chen
Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan,
Saskatoon, SK, Canada
Key Laboratory of Regional Climate Environment for Temperate East
Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing, China
Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan,
Saskatoon, SK, Canada
Fei Chen
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Alan Barr
Environment Canada, National Hydrology Research Center, Saskatoon, SK,
Canada
Michael Barlage
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Bingcheng Wan
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
Xiao Ma, Yanping Li, Zhenhua Li, and Fei Huo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2342, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2342, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This research studies the climatological attributes of low-level jets (LLJs) across North America using a 4km simulation. The study identifies significant LLJ systems such as the Great Plains LLJs. It also provides insights into less adequately represented LLJ systems by coarser models, such as the Quebec Northerly LLJ and small-scale low-level wind maxima around the Rocky Mountains. Additionally, the study investigates three distinct LLJs' diverse physical mechanisms driving their formation.
Cenlin He, Prasanth Valayamkunnath, Michael Barlage, Fei Chen, David Gochis, Ryan Cabell, Tim Schneider, Roy Rasmussen, Guo-Yue Niu, Zong-Liang Yang, Dev Niyogi, and Michael Ek
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 5131–5151, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5131-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5131-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Noah-MP is one of the most widely used open-source community land surface models in the world, designed for applications ranging from uncoupled land surface and ecohydrological process studies to coupled numerical weather prediction and decadal climate simulations. To facilitate model developments and applications, we modernize Noah-MP by adopting modern Fortran code and data structures and standards, which substantially enhance model modularity, interoperability, and applicability.
Zhe Zhang, Yanping Li, Fei Chen, Phillip Harder, Warren Helgason, James Famiglietti, Prasanth Valayamkunnath, Cenlin He, and Zhenhua Li
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 3809–3825, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3809-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3809-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Crop models incorporated in Earth system models are essential to accurately simulate crop growth processes on Earth's surface and agricultural production. In this study, we aim to model the spring wheat in the Northern Great Plains, focusing on three aspects: (1) develop the wheat model at a point scale, (2) apply dynamic planting and harvest schedules, and (3) adopt a revised heat stress function. The results show substantial improvements and have great importance for agricultural production.
Quang-Van Doan, Toshiyuki Amagasa, Thanh-Ha Pham, Takuto Sato, Fei Chen, and Hiroyuki Kusaka
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 2215–2233, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2215-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2215-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study proposes (i) the structural k-means (S k-means) algorithm for clustering spatiotemporally structured climate data and (ii) the clustering uncertainty evaluation framework (CUEF) based on the mutual-information concept.
Liang Wang, Bingcheng Wan, Shaohui Zhou, Haofei Sun, and Zhiqiu Gao
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 2167–2179, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2167-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2167-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The past 24 h TC trajectories and meteorological field data were used to forecast TC tracks in the northwestern Pacific from hours 6–72 based on GRU_CNN, which we proposed in this paper and which has better prediction results than traditional single deep-learning methods. The historical steering flow of cyclones has a significant effect on improving the accuracy of short-term forecasting, while, in long-term forecasting, the SST and geopotential height will have a particular impact.
Xinlei He, Yanping Li, Shaomin Liu, Tongren Xu, Fei Chen, Zhenhua Li, Zhe Zhang, Rui Liu, Lisheng Song, Ziwei Xu, Zhixing Peng, and Chen Zheng
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1583–1606, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1583-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1583-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study highlights the role of integrating vegetation and multi-source soil moisture observations in regional climate models via a hybrid data assimilation and machine learning method. In particular, we show that this approach can improve land surface fluxes, near-surface atmospheric conditions, and land–atmosphere interactions by implementing detailed land characterization information in basins with complex underlying surfaces.
Trude Eidhammer, Adam Booth, Sven Decker, Lu Li, Michael Barlage, David Gochis, Roy Rasmussen, Kjetil Melvold, Atle Nesje, and Stefan Sobolowski
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4275–4297, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4275-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4275-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We coupled a detailed snow–ice model (Crocus) to represent glaciers in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-Hydro model and tested it on a well-studied glacier. Several observational systems were used to evaluate the system, i.e., satellites, ground-penetrating radar (used over the glacier for snow depth) and stake observations for glacier mass balance and discharge measurements in rivers from the glacier. Results showed improvements in the streamflow projections when including the model.
Quang-Van Doan, Hiroyuki Kusaka, Takuto Sato, and Fei Chen
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 2097–2111, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2097-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2097-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study proposes a novel structural self-organizing map (S-SOM) algorithm. The superiority of S-SOM is that it can better recognize the difference (or similarity) among spatial (or temporal) data used for training and thus improve the clustering quality compared to traditional SOM algorithms.
Chris M. DeBeer, Howard S. Wheater, John W. Pomeroy, Alan G. Barr, Jennifer L. Baltzer, Jill F. Johnstone, Merritt R. Turetsky, Ronald E. Stewart, Masaki Hayashi, Garth van der Kamp, Shawn Marshall, Elizabeth Campbell, Philip Marsh, Sean K. Carey, William L. Quinton, Yanping Li, Saman Razavi, Aaron Berg, Jeffrey J. McDonnell, Christopher Spence, Warren D. Helgason, Andrew M. Ireson, T. Andrew Black, Mohamed Elshamy, Fuad Yassin, Bruce Davison, Allan Howard, Julie M. Thériault, Kevin Shook, Michael N. Demuth, and Alain Pietroniro
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1849–1882, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1849-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1849-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This article examines future changes in land cover and hydrological cycling across the interior of western Canada under climate conditions projected for the 21st century. Key insights into the mechanisms and interactions of Earth system and hydrological process responses are presented, and this understanding is used together with model application to provide a synthesis of future change. This has allowed more scientifically informed projections than have hitherto been available.
Sopan Kurkute, Zhenhua Li, Yanping Li, and Fei Huo
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3677–3697, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3677-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3677-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our research has analyzed the surface water budget and atmospheric water vapour budget over western Canada from a set of convection-permitting regional climate simulations. The pseudo-global-warming simulation shows a great increase in evapotranspiration and an enhanced water cycle. We found that the orographic effect on the water vapour budget is significant over the Saskatchewan River basin, indicating the need for high-resolution regional climate modelling to reflect the effects.
Zhe Zhang, Yanping Li, Michael Barlage, Fei Chen, Gonzalo Miguez-Macho, Andrew Ireson, and Zhenhua Li
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 655–672, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-655-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-655-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The groundwater regime in cold regions is strongly impacted by the soil freeze–thaw processes and semiarid climatic conditions. In this paper, we incorporate groundwater dynamics in the Noah-MP land surface model to simulate the water exchange between the unsaturated soil zone and an unconfined aquifer in the Prairie Pothole Region. The water table dynamics are reasonably simulated. The water budget of groundwater aquifer under current and future climate are also investigated.
Yanping Li, Zhenhua Li, Zhe Zhang, Liang Chen, Sopan Kurkute, Lucia Scaff, and Xicai Pan
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4635–4659, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4635-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4635-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
High-resolution regional climate modeling that resolves convection was conducted over western Canada for the current climate and a high-end greenhouse gas emission scenario by 2100. The simulation demonstrates its good quality in capturing the temporal and spatial variation in the major hydrometeorological variables. The warming is stronger in the northeastern domain in the cold seasons. It also shows a larger increase in high-intensity precipitation events than moderate and light ones by 2100.
Ronald E. Stewart, Kit K. Szeto, Barrie R. Bonsal, John M. Hanesiak, Bohdan Kochtubajda, Yanping Li, Julie M. Thériault, Chris M. DeBeer, Benita Y. Tam, Zhenhua Li, Zhuo Liu, Jennifer A. Bruneau, Patrick Duplessis, Sébastien Marinier, and Dominic Matte
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3437–3455, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3437-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3437-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This article examines future atmospheric-related phenomena across the interior of western Canada associated with a
business-as-usualclimate scenario. Changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation and extent of warming vary with season, and these generally lead to increases, especially after mid-century, in factors associated with winter snowstorms, freezing rain, drought, forest fires, as well as atmospheric forcing of spring floods, although not necessarily summer convection.
Zhenhua Li, Yanping Li, Barrie Bonsal, Alan H. Manson, and Lucia Scaff
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5057–5067, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5057-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5057-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The research started by investigating the 2015 growing season drought over the Canadian Prairies and evolved into investigating the connection between growing season rain deficit in the Prairies and MJO (20–90 days tropical oscillation in convective storms). With warm central Pacific sea surface temperature, strong MJOs in the western Pacific cause Rossby wave trains that propagate downstream and favour upper-level ridges and rain deficits over the Canadian Prairies during the growing season.
Cenlin He, Mark G. Flanner, Fei Chen, Michael Barlage, Kuo-Nan Liou, Shichang Kang, Jing Ming, and Yun Qian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11507–11527, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11507-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11507-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Snow albedo plays a key role in the Earth and climate system. It can be affected by impurities and snow properties. This study implements new parameterizations into a widely used snow model to account for effects of snow shape and black carbon–snow mixing state on snow albedo reduction in the Tibetan Plateau. This study points toward an imperative need for extensive measurements and improved model characterization of snow grain shape and aerosol–snow mixing state in Tibet and elsewhere.
Mengjiao Jiang, Jinqin Feng, Zhanqing Li, Ruiyu Sun, Yu-Tai Hou, Yuejian Zhu, Bingcheng Wan, Jianping Guo, and Maureen Cribb
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 13967–13982, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13967-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13967-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol–cloud interactions have been recognized as playing an important role in precipitation. As a benchmark evaluation of model results that exclude aerosol effects, the operational precipitation forecast (before any aerosol effects included) is evaluated using multiple datasets with the goal of determining if there is any link between the model bias and aerosol loading. The forecast model overestimates light and underestimates heavy rain. Aerosols suppress light rain and enhance heavy rain.
Xicai Pan, Daqing Yang, Yanping Li, Alan Barr, Warren Helgason, Masaki Hayashi, Philip Marsh, John Pomeroy, and Richard J. Janowicz
The Cryosphere, 10, 2347–2360, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2347-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2347-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study demonstrates a robust procedure for accumulating precipitation gauge measurements and provides an analysis of bias corrections of precipitation measurements across experimental sites in different ecoclimatic regions of western Canada. It highlights the need for and importance of precipitation bias corrections at both research sites and operational networks for water balance assessment and the validation of global/regional climate–hydrology models.
Xicai Pan, Yanping Li, Qihao Yu, Xiaogang Shi, Daqing Yang, and Kurt Roth
The Cryosphere, 10, 1591–1603, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-1591-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-1591-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Using a 9-year dataset in conjunction with a process-based model, we verify that the common assumption of a considerably smaller thermal conductivity in the thawed season than the frozen season is not valid at a site with a stratified active layer on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). The unique hydraulic and thermal mechanism in the active layer challenges the concept of thermal offset used in conceptual permafrost models and hints at the reason for rapid permafrost warming on the QTP.
X. Cai, Z.-L. Yang, J. B. Fisher, X. Zhang, M. Barlage, and F. Chen
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A terrestrial nitrogen dynamics model is integrated into Noah-MP. The new model performs well in capturing the major nitrogen state/flux variables (e.g., soil nitrate and nitrate leaching). The addition of nitrogen dynamics improves the modeling of net primary productivity and evapotranspiration. This improvement advances the capability of Noah-MP to simultaneously predict weather and water quality.
L. Scaff, D. Yang, Y. Li, and E. Mekis
The Cryosphere, 9, 2417–2428, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-2417-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-2417-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The bias corrections show significant errors in the gauge precipitation measurements over the northern regions. Monthly precipitation is closely correlated between the stations across the Alaska--Yukon border, particularly for the warm months. Double mass curves indicate changes in the cumulative precipitation due to bias corrections over the study period. Overall the bias corrections lead to a smaller and inverted precipitation gradient across the border, especially for snowfall.
Related subject area
Subject: Hydrosphere Interactions | Research Activity: Atmospheric Modelling and Data Analysis | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Towards kilometer-scale ocean–atmosphere–wave coupled forecast: a case study on a Mediterranean heavy precipitation event
The impact of sea waves on turbulent heat fluxes in the Barents Sea according to numerical modeling
Tropical Pacific climate variability under solar geoengineering: impacts on ENSO extremes
Simulation of the radiative effect of haze on the urban hydrological cycle using reanalysis data in Beijing
A new roughness length parameterization accounting for wind–wave (mis)alignment
Tracing changes in atmospheric moisture supply to the drying Southwest China
The impacts of moisture transport on drifting snow sublimation in the saltation layer
On the importance of cascading moisture recycling in South America
Sensitivity of high-temperature weather to initial soil moisture: a case study using the WRF model
On the "well-mixed" assumption and numerical 2-D tracing of atmospheric moisture
How relevant is the deposition of mercury onto snowpacks? – Part 1: A statistical study on the impact of environmental factors
How relevant is the deposition of mercury onto snowpacks? – Part 2: A modeling study
César Sauvage, Cindy Lebeaupin Brossier, and Marie-Noëlle Bouin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11857–11887, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11857-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11857-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Air–sea processes are key elements during Mediterranean heavy precipitation events. We aim to progress in their representation in high-resolution weather forecast. Using coupled ocean–air–wave simulations, we investigated air–sea mechanisms modulated by ocean and waves during a case that occurred in southern France. Results showed significant impact of the forecast on low-level dynamics and air–sea fluxes and illustrated potential benefits of coupled numerical weather prediction systems.
Stanislav Myslenkov, Anna Shestakova, and Dmitry Chechin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5575–5595, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5575-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5575-2021, 2021
Abdul Malik, Peer J. Nowack, Joanna D. Haigh, Long Cao, Luqman Atique, and Yves Plancherel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15461–15485, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15461-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15461-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Solar geoengineering has been introduced to mitigate human-caused global warming by reflecting sunlight back into space. This research investigates the impact of solar geoengineering on the tropical Pacific climate. We find that solar geoengineering can compensate some of the greenhouse-induced changes in the tropical Pacific but not all. In particular, solar geoengineering will result in significant changes in rainfall, sea surface temperatures, and increased frequency of extreme ENSO events.
Tom V. Kokkonen, Sue Grimmond, Sonja Murto, Huizhi Liu, Anu-Maija Sundström, and Leena Järvi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 7001–7017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7001-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7001-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first study to evaluate and correct the WATCH WFDEI reanalysis product in a highly polluted urban environment. It gives an important understanding of the uncertainties in reanalysis products in local-scale urban modelling in polluted environments and identifies and corrects the most important variables in hydrological modelling. This is also the first study to examine the effects of haze on the local-scale urban hydrological cycle.
Sara Porchetta, Orkun Temel, Domingo Muñoz-Esparza, Joachim Reuder, Jaak Monbaliu, Jeroen van Beeck, and Nicole van Lipzig
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 6681–6700, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6681-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6681-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Two-way feedback occurs between offshore wind and waves. Using an extensive data set of offshore measurements, we show that the wave roughness affecting the wind is dependent on the alignment between the wind and wave directions. Moreover, we propose a new roughness parameterization that takes into account the dependence on alignment. Using this in numerical models will facilitate a better representation of offshore wind, which is relevant to wind energy and and climate modeling.
Chi Zhang, Qiuhong Tang, Deliang Chen, Laifang Li, Xingcai Liu, and Huijuan Cui
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 10383–10393, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10383-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10383-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Precipitation over Southwest China (SWC) has decreased significantly in recent years. By tracking precipitation moisture, we found that the reduced precipitation results from the reduced moisture supply from the extended west, which is influenced by the South Asian summer monsoon and the westerlies. Further study revealed the dynamic variations in circulation dominate the interannual variations in SWC precipitation. Changes in circulation systems may be related to the recent changes in SSTs.
Ning Huang, Xiaoqing Dai, and Jie Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 7523–7529, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7523-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7523-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Drifting snow sublimation (DSS) is of glaciological and hydrological importance. This work is related to the simulation of DSS, which is obviously related to the scientific topics, such as multi-field coupling of wind, snow particles, humidity, etc. Previous studies argued that sublimation will soon vanish in saltation layer. This work shows the sublimation rate of saltating snow can be several orders of magnitude greater than that of the suspended snow due to the impact of moisture advection.
D. C. Zemp, C.-F. Schleussner, H. M. J. Barbosa, R. J. van der Ent, J. F. Donges, J. Heinke, G. Sampaio, and A. Rammig
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13337–13359, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13337-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13337-2014, 2014
X.-M. Zeng, B. Wang, Y. Zhang, S. Song, X. Huang, Y. Zheng, C. Chen, and G. Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9623–9639, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9623-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9623-2014, 2014
H. F. Goessling and C. H. Reick
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5567–5585, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5567-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5567-2013, 2013
D. A. Durnford, A. P. Dastoor, A. O. Steen, T. Berg, A. Ryzhkov, D. Figueras-Nieto, L. R. Hole, K. A. Pfaffhuber, and H. Hung
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9221–9249, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9221-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9221-2012, 2012
D. Durnford, A. Dastoor, A. Ryzhkov, L. Poissant, M. Pilote, and D. Figueras-Nieto
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9251–9274, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9251-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9251-2012, 2012
Cited articles
Amiro, B. D., Barr, A. G., Black, T. A., Iwashita, H., Kljun, N., McCaughey, J. H., Morgenstern, K., Murayama, S., Nesic, Z., Orchansky, A. L., and Saigusa, N.: Carbon, energy and water fluxes at mature and disturbed forest sites, Saskatchewan, Canada, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 136, 237–251, 2006.
Ball, J. T., Woodrow, I. E., and Berry, J. A.: A model predicting stomatal conductance and its contribution to the control of photosynthesis under different environmental conditions, in: Process in Photosynthesis Research, Vol. 1, edited by: Biggins, J., 221–234, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 1987.
Barlage, M., Tewari, M., Chen, F., Miguez-Macho, G., Yang, Z. L., and Niu, G. Y.: The effect of groundwater interaction in North American regional climate simulations with WRF/Noah-MP, Climatic Change, 129, 485–498, 2015.
Barr, A. G., Black, T. A., Hogg, E. H., Kljun, N., Morgenstern, K., and Nesic, Z.: Inter-annual variability in the leaf area index of a boreal aspen-hazelnut forest in relation to net ecosystem production, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 126, 237–255, 2004.
Barr, A. G., Morgenstern, K., Black, T. A., McCaughey, J. H., and Nesic, Z.: Surface energy balance closure by the eddy-covariance method above three boreal forest stands and implications for the measurement of the CO2 flux, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 140, 322–337, 2006.
Bartlett, P. A., McCaughey, J. H., Lafleur, P. M., and Verseghy, D. L.: A comparison of the mosaic and aggregated canopy frameworks for representing surface heterogeneity in the Canadian boreal forest using CLASS: A soil perspective, J. Hydrol., 266, 15–39, 2002.
Beringer, J., Tapper, N. J., McHugh, I., Chapin, F., Lynch, A. H., Serreze, M. C., and Slater, A.: Impact of arctic treeline on synoptic climate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 4247–4250, 2001.
Boelter, D. H.: Important physical properties of peat materials. Proceedings of the 3rd International Peat Congress, Quebec, 150–156, 1968.
Bonan, G. B.: Atmosphere-biosphere exchange of carbon dioxide in boreal forests, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 7301–7312, https://doi.org/10.1029/90JD02713, 1991.
Bonan, G. B.: Effects of land use on the climate of the United States, Climatic Change, 37, 449–486, 1997.
Bonan, G. B., Pollard, D., and Thompson, S. L.: Effects of Boreal Forest Vegetation on Global Climate, Nature, 359, 716–718, 1992.
Brutsaert, W. A.: Evaporation Into the Atmosphere, 299 pp., D. Reidel, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 1982.
Bryant, D., Nielsen, D., Tangley, L., Sizer, N., Miranda, M., Brown, P., Johnson, N., Malk, A., and Miller, K.: The last frontier forests: ecosystems and economies on the edge. What is the status of the worlds remaining large natural forest ecosystems?, Washington, D.C., World Resources Institute [WRI], Forest Frontiers Initiative, 39 pp., 1997.
Cai, X., Yang, Z. L., David, C. H., Niu, G. Y., and Rodell, M.: Hydrological evaluation of the Noah-MP land surface model for the Mississippi River Basin, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 23–38, 2014.
Chen, F. and Dudhia, J.: Coupling an advanced land surface-hydrology model with the Penn State-NCAR MM5 modeling system. Part I: Model implementation and sensitivity, Mon. Weather Rev., 129, 569–585, 2001.
Chen, F. and Mitchell, K.: Using GEWEX/ISLSCP forcing data to simulate global soil moisture fields and hydrological cycle for 1987–1988, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 77, 1–16, 1999.
Chen, F., Mitchell, K., Schaake, J., Xue, Y., Pan, H. L., Koren, V., Duan, Q. Y., Ek, M., and Betts, A.: Modeling of land surface evaporation by four schemes and comparison with fife observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 101, 7251–7268, 1996.
Chen, F., Barlage, M. J., Tewari, M., Rasmussen, R. M., Jin, J., Lettenmaier, D., Livneh, B., Lin, C., Miguez-Macho, G., Niu, G. Y., Wen, L., and Yang, Z. L.: Modeling seasonal snowpack evolution in the complex terrain and forested Colorado Headwaters region: A model intercomparison study, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 13795–13819, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022167, 2014.
Chen, F., Zhang, G., Barlage, M., Zhang, Y., Hicke, J. A., Meddens, A., Zhou, G., Massman, W. J., and Frank, J.: An Observational and Modeling Study of Impacts of Bark Beetle–Caused Tree Mortality on Surface Energy and Hydrological Cycles, J. Hydrometeorol., 16, 744–761, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-14-0059.1, 2015.
Chotamonsak, C., Salathe Jr., E. P., Kreasuwan, J., and Chantara, S.: Evaluation of precipitation simulations over Thailand using a WRF regional climate model, Chiang Mai Jounal of Science, 39, 623–638, 2012.
Ciais, P., Tans, P. P., Trolier, M., White, J. W. C., and Francey, R. J.: A large northern hemisphere terrestrial CO2 sink indicated by the 13C ∕ 12C ratio of atmospheric CO2, Science-New York then Washington, 1098–1098, 1995.
Clapp, R. B. and Hornberger, G. M.: Empirical equations for some soil hydraulic properties, Water Resour. Res., 14, 601–604, 1978.
Clark, M. P., Nijssen, B., Lundquist, J. D., Kavetski, D., Rupp, D. E., Woods, R. A., Freer, J. E., Gutmann, E. D., Wood, A. W., Brekke, L. D., and Arnold, J. R.: A unified approach for process-based hydrologic modeling: 1. Modeling concept, Water Resour. Res., 51, 2498–2514, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017198, 2015.
Cosgrove, B. A., Lohmann, D., Mitchell, K. E., Houser, P. R., Wood, E. F., Schaake, J. C., Robock, A., Marshall, C., Sheffield, J., Duan, Q., Luo, L., Higgins, R. W., Pinker, R. T., Tarpley, J. D., and Meng, J.: Real-time and retrospective forcing in the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) project, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8842, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003118, 2003.
Dai, Y., Zeng, X., Dickinson, R. E., Baker, I., Bonan, G. B., Bosilovich, M. G., Denning, A. S., Dirmeyer, P. A., Houser, P. R., Niu, G., Oleson, K. W., Schlosser, C. A., and Yang, Z. L.: The Common Land Model, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 84, 1013–1023, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-84-8-1013, 2003.
Dickinson, R. E., Henderson-Sellers, A., Kennedy, P. J., and Wilson, M. F.: Biosphere-atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) for the NCAR Community Climate Model, NCAR Technical Note NCAR/TN-275-+STR, https://doi.org/10.5065/D6668B58, 1986.
Dingman, S. L.: Physical Hydrology, MacMillan Publishing Company, New York, 1994.
Ek, M. B., Mitchell, K. E., Lin, Y., Rogers, E., Grunmann, P., Koren, V., Gayno, G., and Tarpley, J. D.: Implementation of Noah land surface model advances in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction operational mesoscale Eta model, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8851, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003296, 2003.
Farouki, O. T.: Thermal properties of soils, Report No. CRREL-MONO-81-1, COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH, Vol. 81, CRREL Monograph, 1981.
Gao, Y., Li, K., Chen, F., Jiang, Y., and Lu, C.: Assessing and improving Noah-MP land model simulations for the central Tibetan Plateau, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 9258–9278, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023404, 2015.
Jordan, R.: A one-dimensional temperature model for a snow cover, Spec. Rep. 91–16, Cold Reg. Res. and Eng. Lab., US Army Corps of Eng., Hanover, NH, 1991.
Koven, C., Friedlingstein, P., Ciais, P., Khvorostyanov, D., Krinner, G., and Tarnocai,C.: On the formation of high-latitude soil carbon stocks: Effects of cryoturbation and insulation by organic matter in a land surface model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L21501, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL040150, 2009.
Lawrence, D. M. and Slater, A. G.: Incorporating organic soil into a global climate model, Clim. Dynam., 30, 145–160, 2008.
Letts, M. G., Roulet, N. T., Comer, N. T., Skarupa, M. R., and Verseghy, D. L.: Parametrization of peatland hydraulic properties for the Canadian land surface scheme, Atmos. Ocean, 38, 141–160, 2000.
Levine, E. R. and Knox, R. G.: Modeling soil temperature and snow dynamics in northern forests, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 29407–29416, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD01328, 1997.
Mölders, N. and Romanovsky, V. E.: Long-term evaluation of the Hydro-Thermodynamic Soil-Vegetation Scheme's frozen ground/permafrost component using observations at Barrow, Alaska, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D04105, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD005957, 2006.
Nicolsky, D. J., Romanovsky, V. E., Alexeev, V. A., and Lawrence, D. M.: Improved modeling of permafrost dynamics in a GCM land-surface scheme, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L08501, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL029525, 2007.
Niu, G.-Y. and Yang, Z.-L.: Effects of frozen soil on snowmelt runoff and soil water storage at a continental scale, J. Hydrometeorol., 7, 937–952, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM538.1, 2006.
Niu, G.-Y., Yang, Z.-L., Dickinson, R. E., and Gulden, L. E.: A simple TOPMODEL-based runoff parameterization (SIMTOP) for use in global climate models, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D21106, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006111, 2005.
Niu, G.-Y., Yang, Z.-L., Dickinson, R. E., Gulden, L. E., and Su, H.: Development of a simple groundwater model for use in climate models and evaluation with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment data, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D07103, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007522, 2007.
Niu, G. Y., Yang, Z. L., Mitchell, K. E., Chen, F., Ek, M. B., Barlage, M., Kumar, A., Manning, K., Niyogi, D., and Rosero, E.: The community Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (Noah-MP): 1. Model description and evaluation with local-scale measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D12109, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015139, 2011.
Oleson, K. W., Niu, G. Y., Yang, Z. L., Lawrence, D. M., Thornton, P. E., Lawrence, P. J., Stöckli, R., Dickinson, R. E., Bonan, G. B., Levis, S., Dai, A., and Qian, T.: Improvements to the Community Land Model and their impact on the hydrological cycle, J. Geophys. Res., 113, G01021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000563, 2008.
ORNL DAAC: FLUXNET data, available at: ftp://daac.ornl.gov/data/fluxnet/fluxnet_canada/data/SK-OldAspen/, last access: 2 July 2016.
Pilotto, I. L., Rodríguez, D. A., Tomasella, J., Sampaio, G., and Chou, S. C.: Comparisons of the Noah-MP land surface model simulations with measurements of forest and crop sites in Amazonia, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 127, 711–723, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-015-0399-8, 2015.
Radforth, N. W. and Brawner, C. O.: Muskeg and the northern environment in Canada. In Muskeg Research Conference 1973: Edmonton, Alberta, University of Toronto Press, 1977.
Rinke, A., Kuhry, P., and Dethloff, K.: Importance of a soil organic layer for Arctic climate: A sensitivity study with an Arctic RCM, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L13709, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034052, 2008.
Sellers, P. J., Randall, D. A., Collatz, G. J., Berry, J. A., Field, C. B., Dazlich, D. A., Zhang, C., Collelo, G. D., and Bounoua, L.: A revised land surface parameterization (SiB2) for atmospheric GCMs. Part I: Model formulation, J. Climate, 9, 676–705, 1996.
Thomas, G. and Rowntree, P. R.: The Boreal Forests and Climate, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 118, 469–497, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49711850505, 1992.
Verseghy, D. L.: CLASS-A Canadian land surface scheme for GCMS: I. Soil model, Int. J. Climatol., 11, 111–133, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3370110202, 1991.
Viterbo, P. and Betts, A. K.: Impact on ECMWF forecasts of changes to the albedo of the boreal forests in the presence of snow, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 27803–27810, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JD200076, 1999.
Yang, Z. L., Dickinson, R. E., Henderson-Sellers, A., and Pitman, A. J.: Preliminary study of spin-up processes in land surface models with the first stage data of project for intercomparison of land surface parameterization schemes phase 1 (a), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 100, 16553–16578, 1995.
Yang, Z.-L., Niu, G.-Y., Mitchell, K. E., Chen, F., Ek, M. B., Barlage, M., Longuevergne, L., Manning, K., Niyogi, D., Tewari, M., and Xia, Y.: The community Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (Noah-MP): 2. Evaluation over global river basins, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D12110, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015140, 2011.
Zhang, G., Zhou, G., Chen, F., Barlage, M., and Xue, L.: A trial to improve surface heat exchange simulation through sensitivity experiments over a desert steppe site, J. Hydrometeorol., 15, 664–684, https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-13-0113.1, 2014.
Zheng, D., van der Velde, R., Su, Z., Wen, J., Booij, M. J., Hoekstra, A. Y., and Wang, X.: Under-canopy turbulence and root water uptake of a Tibetan meadow ecosystem modeled by Noah-MP, Water Resour. Res., 51, 5735–5755, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017115, 2015.
Short summary
This work is the first time that Noah-MP is used to investigate the impact of parameterizing organic soil at a boreal forest site. Including an organic soil parameterization significantly improved performance of the model in surface energy and hydrology simulations due to the lower thermal conductivity and greater porosity of the organic soil. It substantially modified the partition between direct soil evaporation and vegetation transpiration in the simulation.
This work is the first time that Noah-MP is used to investigate the impact of parameterizing...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint