Articles | Volume 26, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-9061-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-9061-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
26 Jun 2026
Research article |
| 26 Jun 2026
| 26 Jun 2026
Assessing raindrop evaporation over northern Western Ghats from stable isotope signature of rain and vapour
Sheena Sunil Nimya
Center for Climate Change Research, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune-411008, India
Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
Sundara Pandian Rajaveni
Center for Climate Change Research, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune-411008, India
Saikat Sengupta
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Center for Climate Change Research, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune-411008, India
Sourendra Kumar Bhattacharya
Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
Nandhini Ananthavel
Center for Climate Change Research, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune-411008, India
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Short summary
Isotopic analysis of rainwater and vapour samples from Pune, evaluated using a Below-Cloud Interaction Model (BCIM), reveals that rainwater is not in isotopic equilibrium with surface vapour. The surface vapour is significantly modified by a secondary source—likely raindrop evaporation and differs from the ambient vapour that generates condensation aloft. Furthermore, the BCIM indicates that, on a daily scale, an average of 23% of the falling raindrops evaporate before reaching the surface.
Isotopic analysis of rainwater and vapour samples from Pune, evaluated using a Below-Cloud...
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