Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
ACP
Articles | Volume 26, issue 12
Articles | Volume 26, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-9061-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-9061-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 26, issue 12
Research article
 | 
26 Jun 2026
Research article |  | 26 Jun 2026

Assessing raindrop evaporation over northern Western Ghats from stable isotope signature of rain and vapour

Sheena Sunil Nimya, Sundara Pandian Rajaveni, Saikat Sengupta, Sourendra Kumar Bhattacharya, and Nandhini Ananthavel

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Short summary
Isotopic analysis of rainwater and vapour samples from Pune, evaluated using a Below-Cloud Interaction Model (BCIM), reveals that rainwater is not in isotopic equilibrium with surface vapour. The surface vapour is significantly modified by a secondary source—likely raindrop evaporation and differs from the ambient vapour that generates condensation aloft. Furthermore, the BCIM indicates that, on a daily scale, an average of 23% of the falling raindrops evaporate before reaching the surface.
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