Articles | Volume 25, issue 15 
            
                
                    
            
            
            https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8891-2025
                    © Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under 
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
                the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8891-2025
                    © Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under 
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
                the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Characterizing lead-rich particles in Beijing's atmosphere following coal-to-gas conversion: insights from single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry
Xiufeng Lian
                                            College of Environment and Climate, Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
                                        
                                    
                                            Guangzhou Hexin Instrument Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, Guangdong, PR China
                                        
                                    Yongjiang Xu
                                            College of Environment and Climate, Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
                                        
                                    Fengxian Liu
                                            College of Environment and Ecology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Complex Air Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
                                        
                                    Long Peng
                                            College of Ecology and Environment, Xin Jiang University, Urumqi 830046, PR China
                                        
                                    Xiaodong Hu
                                            Jiangmen Laboratory of Carbon Science and Technology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Jiangmen 529100, PR China
                                        
                                    Guigang Tang
                                            China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, PR China
                                        
                                    Xu Dao
                                            China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, PR China
                                        
                                    Hui Guo
                                            Hunan Province Environmental Monitoring Center, Changsha 410014, PR China
                                        
                                    Liwei Wang
                                            Environment Emergency Monitoring and Accident Investigation Center, Jiaxing 314000, PR China
                                        
                                    Bo Huang
                                            Guangzhou Hexin Instrument Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, Guangdong, PR China
                                        
                                    Chunlei Cheng
                                            College of Environment and Climate, Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
                                        
                                    
                                            College of Environment and Climate, Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
                                        
                                    Guohua Zhang
                                            State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
                                        
                                    Xinhui Bi
                                            State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
                                        
                                    Xiaofei Wang
                                            Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
                                        
                                    Zhen Zhou
                                            College of Environment and Climate, Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
                                        
                                    Mei Li
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
                                            
                                    
                                            College of Environment and Climate, Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
                                        
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Short summary
                    In this study, we analyzed the mixing state and atmospheric chemical processes of Pb-rich single particles in Beijing. We focused on analyzing the differences in Pb-rich particles between the heating period and non-heating period, as well as the formation mechanism of lead nitrate after coal-to-gas conversion. Our results highlighted the improvement of Pb levels in the particulate as a result of coal-to-gas conversion.
                    In this study, we analyzed the mixing state and atmospheric chemical processes of Pb-rich single...
                    
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