Articles | Volume 25, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4989-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4989-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
14 May 2025
Research article |
| 14 May 2025
| 14 May 2025
The modulation of synoptic weather patterns and human activities on the diurnal cycle of the summertime canopy urban heat island in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, China
Tao Shi
School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Tongling University, Tongling, 244000, China
Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology of the China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing, 210041, China
Yuanjian Yang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Laboratory of Climate System Prediction and Risk Management, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
Lian Zong
State Key Laboratory of Climate System Prediction and Risk Management, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
Min Guo
State Key Laboratory of Climate System Prediction and Risk Management, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
Ningxia Meteorological Information Centre, Ningxia, 750002, China
Ping Qi
School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Tongling University, Tongling, 244000, China
Simone Lolli
CNR-IMAA, Contrada S. Loja, 85050 Tito Scalo, PZ, Italy
Related authors
Tao Shi, Yuanjian Yang, Ping Qi, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12807–12822, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12807-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12807-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper explored the formation mechanisms of the amplified canopy urban heat island intensity (ΔCUHII) during heat wave (HW) periods in the megacity of Beijing from the perspectives of mountain–valley breeze and urban morphology. During the mountain breeze phase, high-rise buildings with lower sky view factors (SVFs) had a pronounced effect on the ΔCUHII. During the valley breeze phase, high-rise buildings exerted a dual influence on the ΔCUHII.
Tao Shi, Yuanjian Yang, Gaopeng Lu, Zuofang Zheng, Yucheng Zi, Ye Tian, Lei Liu, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2024-3, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2024-3, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
This study found that CG lightning tends to cluster around the outer boundaries of large cities, but gathers within small cities. The urban underlying surface can contribute to the separation of cold pools, weakening vertical airflow, and triggering thunderstorm bifurcation. The density of buildings also influences the barrier effect. This research provides a foundation for predicting and assessing urban CG lightning risks.
Tianwen Wei, Mengya Wang, Kenan Wu, Jinlong Yuan, Haiyun Xia, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 1841–1857, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1841-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1841-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzes three years of wind lidar measurements to explore the dynamics of the urban planetary boundary layer in Hefei, China. Results reveal that nocturnal low-level jets are most frequent in spring and intensify in summer, significantly enhancing turbulence and shear near the surface, particularly at night. Additionally, cloud cover raises the mixing layer height by approximately 100 m at night due to the greenhouse effect but reduces it by up to 200 m in the afternoon.
Bo Zheng, Jason Blake Cohen, Lingxiao Lu, Wei Hu, Pravash Tiwari, Simone Lolli, Andrea Garzelli, Hui Su, and Kai Qin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1446, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1446, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides TROPOMI with a new methane emission estimation method that can accurately identify emission sources. Our results generate non-negative emission datasets using objective selection and filtering methods. The results include lower minimum emission thresholds for all power grids and fewer false positives. The new method provides more robust emission quantification in the face of data uncertainty, going beyond traditional plume identification and background subtraction.
Simone Lolli, Erica K. Dolinar, Jasper R. Lewis, Andreu Salcedo-Bosch, James R. Campbell, and Ellsworth J. Welton
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1237, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1237, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Clouds strongly influence Earth's climate by changing how sunlight is reflected or absorbed. We studied thin, high-altitude clouds using radar-laser measurements collected over twenty years at NASA GSFC. Our findings show these clouds increasingly trap heat, partly because of shrinking snow and ice cover. This trend could further accelerate warming locally, underlining the need for accurate cloud observations to improve climate forecasts and strategies to respond to climate change.
Fengjiao Chen, Yuanjian Yang, Lu Yu, Yang Li, Weiguang Liu, Yan Liu, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1587–1601, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1587-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1587-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The microphysical mechanisms of precipitation responsible for the varied impacts of aerosol particles on shallow precipitation remain unclear. This study reveals that coarse aerosol particles invigorate shallow rainfall through enhanced coalescence processes, whereas fine aerosol particles suppress shallow rainfall through intensified microphysical breaks. These impacts are independent of thermodynamic environments but are more significant in low-humidity conditions.
Tao Shi, Yuanjian Yang, Ping Qi, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12807–12822, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12807-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12807-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper explored the formation mechanisms of the amplified canopy urban heat island intensity (ΔCUHII) during heat wave (HW) periods in the megacity of Beijing from the perspectives of mountain–valley breeze and urban morphology. During the mountain breeze phase, high-rise buildings with lower sky view factors (SVFs) had a pronounced effect on the ΔCUHII. During the valley breeze phase, high-rise buildings exerted a dual influence on the ΔCUHII.
Chaman Gul, Shichang Kang, Yuanjian Yang, Xinlei Ge, and Dong Guo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1144, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1144, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term variations in upper atmospheric temperature and water vapor in the selected domains of time and space are presented. The temperature during the past two decades showed a cooling trend and water vapor showed an increasing trend and had an inverse relation with temperature in selected domains of space and time. Seasonal temperature variations are distinct, with a summer minimum and a winter maximum. Our results can be an early warning indication for future climate change.
Tao Shi, Yuanjian Yang, Gaopeng Lu, Zuofang Zheng, Yucheng Zi, Ye Tian, Lei Liu, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2024-3, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2024-3, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
This study found that CG lightning tends to cluster around the outer boundaries of large cities, but gathers within small cities. The urban underlying surface can contribute to the separation of cold pools, weakening vertical airflow, and triggering thunderstorm bifurcation. The density of buildings also influences the barrier effect. This research provides a foundation for predicting and assessing urban CG lightning risks.
Cristina Gil-Díaz, Michäel Sicard, Adolfo Comerón, Daniel Camilo Fortunato dos Santos Oliveira, Constantino Muñoz-Porcar, Alejandro Rodríguez-Gómez, Jasper R. Lewis, Ellsworth J. Welton, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1197–1216, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1197-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1197-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, a statistical study of cirrus geometrical and optical properties based on 4 years of continuous ground-based lidar measurements with the Barcelona (Spain) Micro Pulse Lidar (MPL) is analysed. The cloud optical depth, effective column lidar ratio and linear cloud depolarisation ratio have been calculated by a new approach to the two-way transmittance method, which is valid for both ground-based and spaceborne lidar systems. Their associated errors are also provided.
Simone Lolli, Michaël Sicard, Francesco Amato, Adolfo Comeron, Cristina Gíl-Diaz, Tony C. Landi, Constantino Munoz-Porcar, Daniel Oliveira, Federico Dios Otin, Francesc Rocadenbosch, Alejandro Rodriguez-Gomez, Andrés Alastuey, Xavier Querol, and Cristina Reche
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12887–12906, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12887-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12887-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated the long-term trends and seasonal variability of the vertically resolved aerosol properties over the past 17 years in Barcelona. Results shows that air quality is improved, with a consistent drop in PM concentrations at the surface, as well as the column aerosol optical depth. The results also show that natural dust outbreaks are more likely in summer, with aerosols reaching an altitude of 5 km, while in winter, aerosols decay as an exponential with a scale height of 600 m.
Yuan Wang, Qiangqiang Yuan, Tongwen Li, Yuanjian Yang, Siqin Zhou, and Liangpei Zhang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3597–3622, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3597-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3597-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a novel spatiotemporally self-supervised fusion method to establish long-term daily seamless global XCO2 and XCH4 products. Results show that the proposed method achieves a satisfactory accuracy that distinctly exceeds that of CAMS-EGG4 and is superior or close to those of GOSAT and OCO-2. In particular, our fusion method can effectively correct the large biases in CAMS-EGG4 due to the issues from assimilation data, such as the unadjusted anthropogenic emission for COVID-19.
Yilin Chen, Yuanjian Yang, and Meng Gao
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 1279–1294, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1279-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1279-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area suffers from summertime air pollution events related to typhoons. The present study leverages machine learning to predict typhoon-associated air quality over the area. The model evaluation shows that the model performs excellently. Moreover, the change in meteorological drivers of air quality on typhoon days and non-typhoon days suggests that air pollution control strategies should have different focuses on typhoon days and non-typhoon days.
Hui Zhang, Ming Luo, Yongquan Zhao, Lijie Lin, Erjia Ge, Yuanjian Yang, Guicai Ning, Jing Cong, Zhaoliang Zeng, Ke Gui, Jing Li, Ting On Chan, Xiang Li, Sijia Wu, Peng Wang, and Xiaoyu Wang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 359–381, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-359-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-359-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We generate the first monthly high-resolution (1 km) human thermal index collection (HiTIC-Monthly) in China over 2003–2020, in which 12 human-perceived temperature indices are generated by LightGBM. The HiTIC-Monthly dataset has a high accuracy (R2 = 0.996, RMSE = 0.693 °C, MAE = 0.512 °C) and describes explicit spatial variations for fine-scale studies. It is freely available at https://zenodo.org/record/6895533 and https://data.tpdc.ac.cn/disallow/036e67b7-7a3a-4229-956f-40b8cd11871d.
Fan Wang, Gregory R. Carmichael, Jing Wang, Bin Chen, Bo Huang, Yuguo Li, Yuanjian Yang, and Meng Gao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13341–13353, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13341-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13341-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Unprecedented urbanization in China has led to serious urban heat island (UHI) issues, exerting intense heat stress on urban residents. We find diverse influences of aerosol pollution on urban heat island intensity (UHII) under different circulations. Our results also highlight the role of black carbon in aggravating UHI, especially during nighttime. It could thus be targeted for cooperative management of heat islands and aerosol pollution.
Zexia Duan, Zhiqiu Gao, Qing Xu, Shaohui Zhou, Kai Qin, and Yuanjian Yang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4153–4169, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4153-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4153-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Land–atmosphere interactions over the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in China are becoming more varied and complex, as the area is experiencing rapid land use changes. In this paper, we describe a dataset of microclimate and eddy covariance variables at four sites in the YRD. This dataset has potential use cases in multiple research fields, such as boundary layer parametrization schemes, evaluation of remote sensing algorithms, and development of climate models in typical East Asian monsoon regions.
Lian Zong, Yuanjian Yang, Haiyun Xia, Meng Gao, Zhaobin Sun, Zuofang Zheng, Xianxiang Li, Guicai Ning, Yubin Li, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6523–6538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6523-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6523-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Heatwaves (HWs) paired with higher ozone (O3) concentration at surface level pose a serious threat to human health. Taking Beijing as an example, three unfavorable synoptic weather patterns were identified to dominate the compound HW and O3 pollution events. Under the synergistic stress of HWs and O3 pollution, public mortality risk increased, and synoptic patterns and urbanization enhanced the compound risk of events in Beijing by 33.09 % and 18.95 %, respectively.
Shaohui Zhou, Yuanjian Yang, Zhiqiu Gao, Xingya Xi, Zexia Duan, and Yubin Li
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 757–773, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-757-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-757-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Our research has determined the possible relationship between Weibull natural wind mesoscale parameter c and shape factor k with height under the conditions of a desert steppe terrain in northern China, which has great potential in wind power generation. We have gained an enhanced understanding of the seasonal changes in the surface roughness of the desert grassland and the changes in the incoming wind direction.
Shihan Chen, Yuanjian Yang, Fei Deng, Yanhao Zhang, Duanyang Liu, Chao Liu, and Zhiqiu Gao
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 735–756, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-735-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-735-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper proposes a method for evaluating canopy UHI intensity (CUHII) at high resolution by using remote sensing data and machine learning with a random forest (RF) model. The spatial distribution of CUHII was evaluated at 30 m resolution based on the output of the RF model. The present RF model framework for real-time monitoring and assessment of high-resolution CUHII provides scientific support for studying the changes and causes of CUHII.
Xinyan Li, Yuanjian Yang, Jiaqin Mi, Xueyan Bi, You Zhao, Zehao Huang, Chao Liu, Lian Zong, and Wanju Li
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7007–7023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7007-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7007-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A random forest (RF) model framework for Fengyun-4A (FY-4A) daytime and nighttime quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) is established using FY-4A multi-band spectral information, cloud parameters, high-density precipitation observations and physical quantities from reanalysis data. The RF model of FY-4A QPE has a high accuracy in estimating precipitation at the heavy-rain level or below, which has advantages for quantitative estimation of summer precipitation over East Asia in future.
Lian Zong, Yuanjian Yang, Meng Gao, Hong Wang, Peng Wang, Hongliang Zhang, Linlin Wang, Guicai Ning, Chao Liu, Yubin Li, and Zhiqiu Gao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9105–9124, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9105-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9105-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In recent years, summer O3 pollution over eastern China has become more serious, and it is even the case that surface O3 and PM2.5 pollution can co-occur. However, the synoptic weather pattern (SWP) related to this compound pollution remains unclear. Regional PM2.5 and O3 compound pollution is characterized by various SWPs with different dominant factors. Our findings provide insights into the regional co-occurring high PM2.5 and O3 levels via the effects of certain meteorological factors.
Gemine Vivone, Giuseppe D'Amico, Donato Summa, Simone Lolli, Aldo Amodeo, Daniele Bortoli, and Gelsomina Pappalardo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4249–4265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4249-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4249-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a methodology to retrieve the atmospheric boundary layer height from elastic and multi-wavelength lidar observations that uses a new approach based on morphological image processing techniques. The intercomparison with other state-of-the-art algorithms shows on average 30 % improved performance. The algorithm also shows excellent performance with respect to the running time, i.e., just few seconds to execute the whole signal processing chain over 72 h of continuous measurements.
Jasper R. Lewis, James R. Campbell, Sebastian A. Stewart, Ivy Tan, Ellsworth J. Welton, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6901–6913, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6901-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6901-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, the authors describe a process to determine the thermodynamic cloud phase using the Micro Pulse Lidar Network volume depolarization ratio measurements and temperature profiles from the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office GEOS-5 model. A multi-year analysis and comparisons to supercooled liquid water fractions derived from CALIPSO satellite measurements are used to demonstrate the efficacy of the method.
Ziqiang Ma, Jintao Xu, Siyu Zhu, Jun Yang, Guoqiang Tang, Yuanjian Yang, Zhou Shi, and Yang Hong
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1525–1544, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1525-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1525-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Focusing on the potential drawbacks in generating the state-of-the-art IMERG data in both the TRMM and GPM era, a new daily calibration algorithm on IMERG was proposed, as well as a new AIMERG precipitation dataset (0.1°/half-hourly, 2000–2015, Asia) with better quality than IMERG for Asian scientific research and applications. The proposed daily calibration algorithm for GPM is promising and applicable in generating the future IMERG in either an operational scheme or a retrospective manner.
Linlin Wang, Junkai Liu, Zhiqiu Gao, Yubin Li, Meng Huang, Sihui Fan, Xiaoye Zhang, Yuanjian Yang, Shiguang Miao, Han Zou, Yele Sun, Yong Chen, and Ting Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 6949–6967, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6949-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6949-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Urban boundary layer (UBL) affects the physical and chemical processes of the pollutants, and UBL structure can also be altered by pollutants. This paper presents the interactions between air pollution and the UBL structure by using the field data mainly collected from a 325 m meteorology tower, as well as from a Doppler wind lidar, during a severe heavy pollution event that occurred during 1–4 December 2016 in Beijing.
Mayra I. Oyola, James R. Campbell, Peng Xian, Anthony Bucholtz, Richard A. Ferrare, Sharon P. Burton, Olga Kalashnikova, Benjamin C. Ruston, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 205–218, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-205-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-205-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We conceptualized the aerosol radiative impact of an inline aerosol analysis field coupled with a global meteorological forecast system utilizing NAAPS and NAVGEM analysis and surface albedo fields. Model simulations were compared with in situ validation data collected during the NASA 2013 SEAC4RS experiment. Instantaneous heating rates peaked around 7 K day-1 in the lower part of the troposphere, while the HSRL profiles resulted in values of up to 18 K day-1 in the in the mid-troposphere.
Fabio Madonna, Marco Rosoldi, Simone Lolli, Francesco Amato, Joshua Vande Hey, Ranvir Dhillon, Yunhui Zheng, Mike Brettle, and Gelsomina Pappalardo
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 2459–2475, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2459-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2459-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The accurate monitoring of climate based on the use of low-cost and low-maintenance automatic system represents one of the challenges for the scientific community and instrument manufacturers for the next decade. In the frame of two experiments, INTERACT and INTERACT-II, taking place at CIAO (CNR-IMAA Atmospheric Observatory) in Tito Scalo, Potenza, Italy, commercial low-cost lidars have been compared with advanced lidar systems to assess their performances.
Simone Lolli, Fabio Madonna, Marco Rosoldi, James R. Campbell, Ellsworth J. Welton, Jasper R. Lewis, Yu Gu, and Gelsomina Pappalardo
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 1639–1651, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1639-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1639-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate the comparability of aerosol and cloud vertically resolved optical properties obtained with varying lidar profiling techniques and/or data processing methodologies. The discrepancies are assessed by evaluating climate-sensitive direct radiative effects, computed by radiative transfer code means. Results show important discrepancies up to 0.8 W m−2 due to lidar data smoothing in cirrus clouds and a 0.05 W m−2 difference between Raman and elastic lidar technique on a dust layer aloft.
Simone Lolli, James R. Campbell, Jasper R. Lewis, Yu Gu, and Ellsworth J. Welton
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 7025–7034, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7025-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7025-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We compare net TOA radiative forcing between the simplified Corti–Peter (CP) and relatively complex Fu–Liou–Gu models for cirrus clouds observed by NASA MPLNET at Singapore in 2010–11 and Greenbelt, Maryland, in 2012. We find daytime forcing discrepancies up to 65 % between the two, which is greater than previous studies. In some cases, the sign of net TOA daytime forcing also differs. We attribute model differences to numerical simplifications in CP via regression that are not valid globally.
Jeffrey S. Reid, Peng Xian, Brent N. Holben, Edward J. Hyer, Elizabeth A. Reid, Santo V. Salinas, Jianglong Zhang, James R. Campbell, Boon Ning Chew, Robert E. Holz, Arunas P. Kuciauskas, Nofel Lagrosas, Derek J. Posselt, Charles R. Sampson, Annette L. Walker, E. Judd Welton, and Chidong Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14041–14056, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14041-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14041-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes aspects of the 2012 7 Southeast Asian Studies (7SEAS) operations period, the largest within the Maritime Continent. Included were an enhanced deployment of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sun photometers, multiple lidars, and a Singapore supersite. Simultaneously, a ship was dispatched to the Palawan Archipelago and Sulu Sea of the Philippines for September 2012 to observe transported smoke and pollution as it entered the southwest monsoon trough.
Jeffrey S. Reid, Nofel D. Lagrosas, Haflidi H. Jonsson, Elizabeth A. Reid, Samuel A. Atwood, Thomas J. Boyd, Virendra P. Ghate, Peng Xian, Derek J. Posselt, James B. Simpas, Sherdon N. Uy, Kimo Zaiger, Donald R. Blake, Anthony Bucholtz, James R. Campbell, Boon Ning Chew, Steven S. Cliff, Brent N. Holben, Robert E. Holz, Edward J. Hyer, Sonia M. Kreidenweis, Arunas P. Kuciauskas, Simone Lolli, Min Oo, Kevin D. Perry, Santo V. Salinas, Walter R. Sessions, Alexander Smirnov, Annette L. Walker, Qing Wang, Liya Yu, Jianglong Zhang, and Yongjing Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14057–14078, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14057-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14057-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes aspects of the 2012 7 Southeast Asian Studies (7SEAS) operations period, the largest within the Maritime Continent. Included were an enhanced deployment of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sun photometers, multiple lidars, and a Singapore supersite. Simultaneously, a ship was dispatched to the Palawan Archipelago and Sulu Sea of the Philippines for September 2012 to observe transported smoke and pollution as it entered the southwest monsoon trough.
T. F. Eck, B. N. Holben, J. S. Reid, A. Arola, R. A. Ferrare, C. A. Hostetler, S. N. Crumeyrolle, T. A. Berkoff, E. J. Welton, S. Lolli, A. Lyapustin, Y. Wang, J. S. Schafer, D. M. Giles, B. E. Anderson, K. L. Thornhill, P. Minnis, K. E. Pickering, C. P. Loughner, A. Smirnov, and A. Sinyuk
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 11633–11656, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11633-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11633-2014, 2014
S. Lolli, A. Delaval, C. Loth, A. Garnier, and P. H. Flamant
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 3349–3358, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-3349-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-3349-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Radiation | Research Activity: Atmospheric Modelling and Data Analysis | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Mechanisms of surface solar irradiance variability under broken clouds
Fine and coarse dust radiative impact during an intense Saharan dust outbreak over the Iberian Peninsula – short-wave direct radiative effect
Modeling actinic flux and photolysis frequencies in dense biomass burning plumes
Regional modeling of surface solar radiation, aerosol, and cloud cover spatial variability and projections over northern France and Benelux
A numerical sensitivity study on the snow-darkening effect by black carbon deposition over the Arctic in spring
Improved calculation of single-scattering properties of frozen droplets and frozen-droplet aggregates observed in deep convective clouds
Influence of cloudy and clear-sky partitions, aerosols, and geometry on the recent variability in surface solar irradiance components in northern France
Saharan dust impact on radiative heating rate errors inherent in reanalysis data in the African easterly wave development region
Sensitivity of ice cloud radiative heating to optical, macro- and microphysical properties
Combining observations and simulations to investigate the small-scale variability of surface solar irradiance under continental cumulus clouds
The impact of coupled 3D shortwave radiative transfer on surface radiation and cumulus clouds over land
Atmospheric cloud-radiative heating in CMIP6 and observations and its response to surface warming
Responses of polar energy budget to regional SST changes in extra-polar regions
Trends in observed surface solar radiation and their causes in Brazil in the first 2 decades of the 21st century
A sensitivity study on radiative effects due to the parameterization of dust optical properties in models
Uncertainties in cloud-radiative heating within an idealized extratropical cyclone
Evaluation of downward and upward solar irradiances simulated by the Integrated Forecasting System of ECMWF using airborne observations above Arctic low-level clouds
A colorful look at climate sensitivity
Sensitivity of cirrus and contrail radiative effect on cloud microphysical and environmental parameters
Evaluation of liquid cloud albedo susceptibility in E3SM using coupled eastern North Atlantic surface and satellite retrievals
Constraints on simulated past Arctic amplification and lapse rate feedback from observations
Comparison of methods to estimate aerosol effective radiative forcings in climate models
Montreal Protocol's impact on the ozone layer and climate
Opinion: The scientific and community-building roles of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) – past, present, and future
Impacts of reductions in non-methane short-lived climate forcers on future climate extremes and the resulting population exposure risks in eastern and southern Asia
Investigating the radiative effect of Arctic cirrus measured in situ during the winter 2015–2016
Dependence of strategic solar climate intervention on background scenario and model physics
Combining short-range dispersion simulations with fine-scale meteorological ensembles: probabilistic indicators and evaluation during a 85Kr field campaign
Climate consequences of hydrogen emissions
Investigating the impact of Saharan dust aerosols on analyses and forecasts of African easterly waves by constraining aerosol effects in radiance data assimilation
Distinct surface response to black carbon aerosols
Estimating the potential cooling effect of cirrus thinning achieved via the seeding approach
Impacts of multi-layer overlap on contrail radiative forcing
Bias in CMIP6 models as compared to observed regional dimming and brightening
A test of the ability of current bulk optical models to represent the radiative properties of cirrus cloud across the mid- and far-infrared
The incorporation of the Tripleclouds concept into the δ-Eddington two-stream radiation scheme: solver characterization and its application to shallow cumulus clouds
Radiative heating rate profiles over the southeast Atlantic Ocean during the 2016 and 2017 biomass burning seasons
Effective radiative forcing and adjustments in CMIP6 models
Response of surface shortwave cloud radiative effect to greenhouse gases and aerosols and its impact on summer maximum temperature
Combining atmospheric and snow radiative transfer models to assess the solar radiative effects of black carbon in the Arctic
Accurate 3-D radiative transfer simulation of spectral solar irradiance during the total solar eclipse of 21 August 2017
Quantifying the bias of radiative heating rates in numerical weather prediction models for shallow cumulus clouds
The climate effects of increasing ocean albedo: an idealized representation of solar geoengineering
Changes in clouds and thermodynamics under solar geoengineering and implications for required solar reduction
Radiative impact of an extreme Arctic biomass-burning event
Contrails and their impact on shortwave radiation and photovoltaic power production – a regional model study
The influence of internal variability on Earth's energy balance framework and implications for estimating climate sensitivity
Insights into the diurnal cycle of global Earth outgoing radiation using a numerical weather prediction model
Determining the infrared radiative effects of Saharan dust: a radiative transfer modelling study based on vertically resolved measurements at Lampedusa
The early summertime Saharan heat low: sensitivity of the radiation budget and atmospheric heating to water vapour and dust aerosol
Wouter Mol and Chiel van Heerwaarden
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4419–4441, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4419-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4419-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Sunlight varies often and quickly under broken cloud cover, and every cloud field creates a unique pattern of sunlight on the surface below. These variations affect many processes in the Earth system, from photosynthesis and chemistry to cloud formation itself. The exact way in which cloud particles interact with sunlight is complex and expensive to calculate. We demonstrate a simplified framework which explains how sunlight changes for potentially any cloud field.
María-Ángeles López-Cayuela, Carmen Córdoba-Jabonero, Michaël Sicard, Jesús Abril-Gago, Vanda Salgueiro, Adolfo Comerón, María José Granados-Muñoz, Maria João Costa, Constantino Muñoz-Porcar, Juan Antonio Bravo-Aranda, Daniele Bortoli, Alejandro Rodríguez-Gómez, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, and Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3213–3231, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3213-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3213-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Due to the significant radiative role of dust in climate change, vertical assessments of the short-wave dust direct radiative effect of both fine and coarse dust particles are performed separately. The study is focused on an intense Saharan dust outbreak crossing the Iberian Peninsula in springtime monitored by five Iberian lidar stations with southwest–northeast coverage. A comparative study to evaluate the differences found by considering the total dust (no separation) is also examined.
Jan-Lukas Tirpitz, Santo Fedele Colosimo, Nathaniel Brockway, Robert Spurr, Matt Christi, Samuel Hall, Kirk Ullmann, Johnathan Hair, Taylor Shingler, Rodney Weber, Jack Dibb, Richard Moore, Elizabeth Wiggins, Vijay Natraj, Nicolas Theys, and Jochen Stutz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1989–2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1989-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1989-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We combine plume composition data from the 2019 NASA FIREX-AQ campaign with state-of-the-art radiative transfer modeling techniques to calculate distributions of actinic flux and photolysis frequencies in a wildfire plume. Excellent agreement of the model and observations demonstrates the applicability of this approach to constrain photochemistry in such plumes. We identify limiting factors for the modeling accuracy and discuss spatial and spectral features of the distributions.
Gabriel Chesnoiu, Isabelle Chiapello, Nicolas Ferlay, Pierre Nabat, Marc Mallet, and Véronique Riffault
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1307–1331, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1307-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1307-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The ALADIN regional climate model at 12.5 km resolution allows us to study the evolution of surface solar radiation (SSR) and key associated atmospheric parameters. Over northern France and Benelux, influenced by anthropogenic aerosols and cloudy conditions, regional evaluation of recent hindcast simulations shows satisfying results and high spatial variability. Future SSR evolution by the end of the century for two contrasting CMIP6 scenarios highlights large decreases in SSR for SSP3-7.0.
Zilu Zhang, Libo Zhou, and Meigen Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1–25, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
By integrating the SNICAR model with Polar-WRF, we find that 50 ng g−1 black carbon (BC) deposition decreases snow albedo, increasing radiative forcing (RF) by 1–4 W m−2, especially in Greenland, Baffin Island, and eastern Siberia. The impact is strongly linked to BC mass, with deep snowpacks showing greater sensitivity. Snowmelt and land–atmosphere interactions are crucial. High-resolution modelling is necessary to better understand these effects on Arctic climate change.
Jeonggyu Kim, Sungmin Park, Greg M. McFarquhar, Anthony J. Baran, Joo Wan Cha, Kyoungmi Lee, Seoung Soo Lee, Chang Hoon Jung, Kyo-Sun Sunny Lim, and Junshik Um
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12707–12726, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12707-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12707-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed idealized models to represent the shapes of ice particles found in deep convective clouds and calculated their single-scattering properties. By comparing these results with in situ measurements, we discovered that a mixture of shape models matches in situ measurements more closely than single-form models or aggregate models. This finding has important implications for enhancing the simulation of single-scattering properties of ice crystals in deep convective clouds.
Gabriel Chesnoiu, Nicolas Ferlay, Isabelle Chiapello, Frédérique Auriol, Diane Catalfamo, Mathieu Compiègne, Thierry Elias, and Isabelle Jankowiak
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12375–12407, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12375-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12375-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The measured ground-based surface solar irradiance variability and its sensitivity to scene parameters are analysed with a filtering of sky conditions at a given site. Its multivariate analysis is applied to observed trends over 2010–2022. The recorded values show, in addition to the dominant effects of cloud occurrence, the variable effects of aerosol and geometry. Clear-sun-with-cloud situations are highlighted by SSI levels close to those of aerosol- and cloud-free situations.
Ruby W. Burgess and Mayra I. Oyola-Merced
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12183–12201, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12183-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12183-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores how aerosols affect atmospheric heating over African easterly waves (AEWs). Using data from NASA's aircraft and outputs of reanalysis models, the research focuses on days with both Saharan dust and AEWs. Using a radiative transfer model, the study reveals significant differences in heating rates, emphasizing challenges in accurately representing aerosol effects in the atmosphere and underscoring the need for improved aerosol representation in weather models.
Edgardo I. Sepulveda Araya, Sylvia C. Sullivan, and Aiko Voigt
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3212, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3212, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Clouds composed of ice crystals are key when evaluating atmospheric radiation. The morphology of the crystals found in clouds is not clear yet, and even less clear is the impact on cloud heating rate, which is essential to describe precipitation and wind patterns. This motivated us to study how the heating rate behaves under a variety of ice complexity and environmental conditions, finding that increasing complexity in high and dense clouds weakens the heating rate.
Zili He, Quentin Libois, Najda Villefranque, Hartwig Deneke, Jonas Witthuhn, and Fleur Couvreux
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11391–11408, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11391-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11391-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses observations and simulations to analyze how cumulus clouds affect spacial solar radiation variability on the ground. Results show that the simulations reproduce the observations well and improve understanding of cloud impacts on radiation. The research also indicates that a few strategically placed sensors, capitalizing on measurement timing, can effectively measure these variations, aiding in the development of detailed weather prediction models.
Mirjam Tijhuis, Bart J. H. van Stratum, and Chiel C. van Heerwaarden
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10567–10582, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10567-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10567-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Radiative transfer in the atmosphere is a 3D processes, which is often modelled in 1D for computational efficiency. We studied the differences between using 1D and 3D radiative transfer. With 3D radiation, larger clouds that contain more liquid water develop. However, they cover roughly the same part of the sky, and the average total radiation at the surface is nearly unchanged. The increase in cloud size might be important for weather models, as it can impact the formation of rain, for example.
Aiko Voigt, Stefanie North, Blaž Gasparini, and Seung-Hee Ham
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9749–9775, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9749-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9749-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Clouds shape weather and climate by interacting with photons, which changes temperatures within the atmosphere. We assess how well CMIP6 climate models capture this radiative heating by clouds within the atmosphere. While we find large differences among models, especially in cold regions of the atmosphere with abundant ice clouds, we also demonstrate that physical understanding allows us to predict the response of clouds and their radiative heating near the tropopause to climate change.
Qingmin Wang, Yincheng Liu, Lujun Zhang, and Chen Zhou
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2379, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2379, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research explores how SST changes in non-polar regions impact the polar energy budget. Through idealized SST experiments, we found that warming in tropical and midlatitude oceans raises polar temperatures via enhanced atmospheric energy transport, leading to surface warming and top-of-atmosphere cooling in polar areas. This study highlights the distinct impacts of tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean SST changes on Arctic and Antarctic climates.
Lucas Ferreira Correa, Doris Folini, Boriana Chtirkova, and Martin Wild
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8797–8819, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8797-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8797-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the causes of the decadal trends of solar radiation measured at 34 stations in Brazil in the first 2 decades of the 21st century. We observed strong negative trends in north and northeast Brazil associated with changes in both atmospheric absorption (anthropogenic) and cloud cover (natural). In other parts of the country no strong trends were observed as a result of competing effects. This provides a better understanding of the energy balance in the region.
Ilias Fountoulakis, Alexandra Tsekeri, Stelios Kazadzis, Vassilis Amiridis, Angelos Nersesian, Maria Tsichla, Emmanouil Proestakis, Antonis Gkikas, Kyriakoula Papachristopoulou, Vasileios Barlakas, Claudia Emde, and Bernhard Mayer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4915–4948, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4915-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4915-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In our study we provide an assessment, through a sensitivity study, of the limitations of models to calculate the dust direct radiative effect (DRE) due to the underrepresentation of its size, refractive index (RI), and shape. Our results indicate the necessity of including more realistic sizes and RIs for dust particles in dust models, in order to derive better estimations of the dust direct radiative effects.
Behrooz Keshtgar, Aiko Voigt, Bernhard Mayer, and Corinna Hoose
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4751–4769, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4751-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4751-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Cloud-radiative heating (CRH) affects extratropical cyclones but is uncertain in weather and climate models. We provide a framework to quantify uncertainties in CRH within an extratropical cyclone due to four factors and show that the parameterization of ice optical properties contributes significantly to uncertainty in CRH. We also argue that ice optical properties, by affecting CRH on spatial scales of 100 km, are relevant for the large-scale dynamics of extratropical cyclones.
Hanno Müller, André Ehrlich, Evelyn Jäkel, Johannes Röttenbacher, Benjamin Kirbus, Michael Schäfer, Robin J. Hogan, and Manfred Wendisch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4157–4175, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4157-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4157-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A weather model is used to compare solar radiation with measurements from an aircraft campaign in the Arctic. Model and observations agree on the downward radiation but show differences in the radiation reflected by the surface and the clouds, which in the model is too low above sea ice and too high above open ocean. The model–observation bias is reduced above open ocean by a realistic fraction of clouds and less cloud liquid water and above sea ice by less dark sea ice and more cloud droplets.
Bjorn Stevens and Lukas Kluft
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14673–14689, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14673-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14673-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A simple model is introduced to account for the spectral diversity of radiant energy transfer. It provides an improved basis for assessing the different ways in which clouds influence Earth’s climate sensitivity, demonstrating how many cloud effects depend on the existing cloud climatology. Given existing assessments of changes in cloud albedo with warming, it is determined that clouds reduce Earth's climate sensitivity as compared to what it would be in a counterfactual world without clouds.
Kevin Wolf, Nicolas Bellouin, and Olivier Boucher
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14003–14037, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14003-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14003-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Cirrus and contrails considerably impact Earth's energy budget. Such ice clouds can have a positive (warming) or negative (cooling) net radiative effect (RE), which depends on cloud and ambient properties. The effect of eight parameters on the cloud RE is estimated. In total, 283 500 radiative transfer simulations have been performed, spanning the typical parameter ranges associated with cirrus and contrails. Specific cases are selected and discussed. The data set is publicly available.
Adam C. Varble, Po-Lun Ma, Matthew W. Christensen, Johannes Mülmenstädt, Shuaiqi Tang, and Jerome Fast
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13523–13553, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13523-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13523-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate how clouds change in response to changing atmospheric particle (aerosol) concentrations in a climate model and find that the model-predicted cloud brightness increases too much as aerosols increase because the cloud drop number increases too much. Excessive drizzle in the model mutes this difference. Many differences between observational and model estimates are explained by varying assumptions of how much liquid has been lost in clouds, which impacts the estimated cloud drop number.
Olivia Linke, Johannes Quaas, Finja Baumer, Sebastian Becker, Jan Chylik, Sandro Dahlke, André Ehrlich, Dörthe Handorf, Christoph Jacobi, Heike Kalesse-Los, Luca Lelli, Sina Mehrdad, Roel A. J. Neggers, Johannes Riebold, Pablo Saavedra Garfias, Niklas Schnierstein, Matthew D. Shupe, Chris Smith, Gunnar Spreen, Baptiste Verneuil, Kameswara S. Vinjamuri, Marco Vountas, and Manfred Wendisch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9963–9992, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9963-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9963-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Lapse rate feedback (LRF) is a major driver of the Arctic amplification (AA) of climate change. It arises because the warming is stronger at the surface than aloft. Several processes can affect the LRF in the Arctic, such as the omnipresent temperature inversion. Here, we compare multimodel climate simulations to Arctic-based observations from a large research consortium to broaden our understanding of these processes, find synergy among them, and constrain the Arctic LRF and AA.
Mark D. Zelinka, Christopher J. Smith, Yi Qin, and Karl E. Taylor
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8879–8898, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8879-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8879-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The primary uncertainty in how strongly Earth's climate has been perturbed by human activities comes from the unknown radiative impact of aerosol changes. Accurately quantifying these forcings – and their sub-components – in climate models is crucial for understanding the past and future simulated climate. In this study we describe biases in previously published estimates of aerosol radiative forcing in climate models and provide corrected estimates along with code for users to compute them.
Tatiana Egorova, Jan Sedlacek, Timofei Sukhodolov, Arseniy Karagodin-Doyennel, Franziska Zilker, and Eugene Rozanov
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5135–5147, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5135-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5135-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes the climate and atmosphere benefits of the Montreal Protocol, simulated with the state-of-the-art Earth system model SOCOLv4.0. We have added to and confirmed the previous studies by showing that without the Montreal Protocol by the end of the 21st century there would be a dramatic reduction in the ozone layer as well as substantial perturbation of the essential climate variables in the troposphere caused by the warming from increasing ozone-depleting substances.
Daniele Visioni, Ben Kravitz, Alan Robock, Simone Tilmes, Jim Haywood, Olivier Boucher, Mark Lawrence, Peter Irvine, Ulrike Niemeier, Lili Xia, Gabriel Chiodo, Chris Lennard, Shingo Watanabe, John C. Moore, and Helene Muri
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5149–5176, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5149-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5149-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Geoengineering indicates methods aiming to reduce the temperature of the planet by means of reflecting back a part of the incoming radiation before it reaches the surface or allowing more of the planetary radiation to escape into space. It aims to produce modelling experiments that are easy to reproduce and compare with different climate models, in order to understand the potential impacts of these techniques. Here we assess its past successes and failures and talk about its future.
Yingfang Li, Zhili Wang, Yadong Lei, Huizheng Che, and Xiaoye Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2499–2523, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2499-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2499-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Since few studies have assessed the impacts of future combined reductions in aerosols, ozone, and their precursors on future climate change, we use models with an interactive representation of tropospheric aerosols and atmospheric chemistry schemes to quantify the impact of their reductions on the Asian climate. Our results suggest that their reductions will exacerbate the warming effect caused by greenhouse gases, increasing future climate extremes and associated population exposure risk.
Andreas Marsing, Ralf Meerkötter, Romy Heller, Stefan Kaufmann, Tina Jurkat-Witschas, Martina Krämer, Christian Rolf, and Christiane Voigt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 587–609, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-587-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-587-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We employ highly resolved aircraft measurements of profiles of the ice water content (IWC) in Arctic cirrus clouds in winter and spring, when solar irradiation is low. Using radiation transfer calculations, we assess the cloud radiative effect over different surfaces like snow or ocean. The variability in the IWC of the clouds affects their overall radiative effect and drives internal processes. This helps understand the role of cirrus in a rapidly changing Arctic environment.
John T. Fasullo and Jadwiga H. Richter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 163–182, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-163-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-163-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The continued high levels of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions increase the likelihood that key climate warming thresholds will be exceeded in the coming decades. Here we examine a recently proposed geoengineering approach using two recently produced climate model experiments. We find the associated latitudinal distribution of aerosol mass to exhibit substantial uncertainty, suggesting the need for significant flexibility in the location and amount of aerosol delivery, if implemented.
Youness El-Ouartassy, Irène Korsakissok, Matthieu Plu, Olivier Connan, Laurent Descamps, and Laure Raynaud
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15793–15816, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15793-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15793-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work investigates the potential value of using fine-scale meteorological ensembles to represent the inherent meteorological uncertainties in atmospheric dispersion model outputs. Probabilistic scores were used to evaluate the probabilistic performance of dispersion ensembles, using an original dataset of new continuous 85Kr air concentration measurements and a well-known source term. The results show that the ensemble dispersion simulations perform better than deterministic ones.
Ilissa B. Ocko and Steven P. Hamburg
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9349–9368, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9349-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9349-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrogen is considered a key strategy to decarbonize the global economy. However, hydrogen is also a short-lived indirect greenhouse gas that can easily leak into the atmosphere. Given that the climate impacts from hydrogen emissions are not well understood, especially in the near term, we assess impacts over all timescales for plausible emissions rates. We find that hydrogen leakage can cause more warming than widely perceived; thus, attention is needed to minimize emissions.
Dustin Francis Phillip Grogan, Cheng-Hsuan Lu, Shih-Wei Wei, and Sheng-Po Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2385–2398, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2385-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2385-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows that incorporating aerosols into satellite radiance calculations affects the representation of African easterly waves (AEWs), and their environment, over North Africa and the eastern Atlantic in a numerical weather model. These changes are driven by radiative effects of Saharan dust captured by the aerosol-affected radiances, which modify the initial fields and can improve the forecasting of AEWs.
Tao Tang, Drew Shindell, Yuqiang Zhang, Apostolos Voulgarakis, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Gunnar Myhre, Gregory Faluvegi, Bjørn H. Samset, Timothy Andrews, Dirk Olivié, Toshihiko Takemura, and Xuhui Lee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13797–13809, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13797-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13797-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Previous studies showed that black carbon (BC) could warm the surface with decreased incoming radiation. With climate models, we found that the surface energy redistribution plays a more crucial role in surface temperature compared with other forcing agents. Though BC could reduce the surface heating, the energy dissipates less efficiently, which is manifested by reduced convective and evaporative cooling, thereby warming the surface.
Jiaojiao Liu and Xiangjun Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10609–10624, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10609-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10609-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Cirrus thinning, which reduces the warming effect of cirrus clouds, has been investigated as a new geoengineering approach. In this study, a flexible seeding method is used to exploit the potential cooling effect of cirrus thinning. Simulation results show that the seeding method is essential for estimating the cooling effect. Cirrus thinning with the flexible seeding method could produce a considerable cooling effect, which is much stronger than the fixed seeding method.
Inés Sanz-Morère, Sebastian D. Eastham, Florian Allroggen, Raymond L. Speth, and Steven R. H. Barrett
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1649–1681, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1649-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1649-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Contrails cause ~50 % of aviation climate impacts, but this is highly uncertain. This is partly due to the effect of overlap between contrails and other cloud layers. We developed a model to quantify this effect, finding that overlap with natural clouds increased contrails' radiative forcing in 2015. This suggests that cloud avoidance may help in reducing aviation's climate impacts. We also find that contrail–contrail overlap reduces impacts by ~3 %, increasing non-linearly with optical depth.
Kine Onsum Moseid, Michael Schulz, Trude Storelvmo, Ingeborg Rian Julsrud, Dirk Olivié, Pierre Nabat, Martin Wild, Jason N. S. Cole, Toshihiko Takemura, Naga Oshima, Susanne E. Bauer, and Guillaume Gastineau
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 16023–16040, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-16023-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-16023-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we compare solar radiation at the surface from observations and Earth system models from 1961 to 2014. We find that the models do not reproduce the so-called
global dimmingas found in observations. Only model experiments with anthropogenic aerosol emissions display any dimming at all. The discrepancies between observations and models are largest in China, which we suggest is in part due to erroneous aerosol precursor emission inventories in the emission dataset used for CMIP6.
Richard J. Bantges, Helen E. Brindley, Jonathan E. Murray, Alan E. Last, Jacqueline E. Russell, Cathryn Fox, Stuart Fox, Chawn Harlow, Sebastian J. O'Shea, Keith N. Bower, Bryan A. Baum, Ping Yang, Hilke Oetjen, and Juliet C. Pickering
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12889–12903, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12889-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12889-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding how ice clouds influence the Earth's energy balance remains a key challenge for predicting the future climate. These clouds are ubiquitous and are composed of ice crystals that have complex shapes that are incredibly difficult to model. This work exploits new measurements of the Earth's emitted thermal energy made from instruments flown on board an aircraft to test how well the latest ice cloud models can represent these clouds. Results indicate further developments are required.
Nina Črnivec and Bernhard Mayer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10733–10755, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10733-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10733-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Unresolved interaction between clouds and atmospheric radiation is a source of uncertainty in weather and climate models. The present study highlights the potential of the state-of-the-art Tripleclouds radiative solver for shallow cumulus clouds, exposing the significance of properly representing subgrid cloud horizontal heterogeneity. The Tripleclouds concept was thereby incorporated in the widely employed δ-Eddington two-stream radiation scheme within the comprehensive libRadtran library.
Allison B. Marquardt Collow, Mark A. Miller, Lynne C. Trabachino, Michael P. Jensen, and Meng Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10073–10090, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10073-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10073-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Uncertainties in marine boundary layer clouds arise in the presence of biomass burning aerosol, as is the case over the southeast Atlantic Ocean. Heating due to this aerosol has the potential to alter the thermodynamic profile as the aerosol is transported across the Atlantic Ocean. Radiation transfer experiments indicate local shortwave aerosol heating is ~2–8 K d−1; however uncertainties in this quantity exist due to the single-scattering albedo and back trajectories of the aerosol plume.
Christopher J. Smith, Ryan J. Kramer, Gunnar Myhre, Kari Alterskjær, William Collins, Adriana Sima, Olivier Boucher, Jean-Louis Dufresne, Pierre Nabat, Martine Michou, Seiji Yukimoto, Jason Cole, David Paynter, Hideo Shiogama, Fiona M. O'Connor, Eddy Robertson, Andy Wiltshire, Timothy Andrews, Cécile Hannay, Ron Miller, Larissa Nazarenko, Alf Kirkevåg, Dirk Olivié, Stephanie Fiedler, Anna Lewinschal, Chloe Mackallah, Martin Dix, Robert Pincus, and Piers M. Forster
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 9591–9618, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9591-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9591-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The spread in effective radiative forcing for both CO2 and aerosols is narrower in the latest CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project) generation than in CMIP5. For the case of CO2 it is likely that model radiation parameterisations have improved. Tropospheric and stratospheric radiative adjustments to the forcing behave differently for different forcing agents, and there is still significant diversity in how clouds respond to forcings, particularly for total anthropogenic forcing.
Tao Tang, Drew Shindell, Yuqiang Zhang, Apostolos Voulgarakis, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Gunnar Myhre, Camilla W. Stjern, Gregory Faluvegi, and Bjørn H. Samset
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 8251–8266, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8251-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8251-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
By using climate simulations, we found that both CO2 and black carbon aerosols could reduce low-level cloud cover, which is mainly due to changes in relative humidity, cloud water, dynamics, and stability. Because the impact of cloud on solar radiation is in effect only during daytime, such cloud reduction could enhance solar heating, thereby raising the daily maximum temperature by 10–50 %, varying by region, which has great implications for extreme climate events and socioeconomic activity.
Tobias Donth, Evelyn Jäkel, André Ehrlich, Bernd Heinold, Jacob Schacht, Andreas Herber, Marco Zanatta, and Manfred Wendisch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 8139–8156, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8139-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8139-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Solar radiative effects of Arctic black carbon (BC) particles (suspended in the atmosphere and in the surface snowpack) were quantified under cloudless and cloudy conditions. An atmospheric and a snow radiative transfer model were coupled to account for radiative interactions between both compartments. It was found that (i) the warming effect of BC in the snowpack overcompensates for the atmospheric BC cooling effect, and (ii) clouds tend to reduce the atmospheric BC cooling and snow BC warming.
Paul Ockenfuß, Claudia Emde, Bernhard Mayer, and Germar Bernhard
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 1961–1976, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1961-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1961-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We model solar radiation as it would be measured on the Earth's surface in the core shadow of a total solar eclipse. Subsequently, we compare our results to observations during the total eclipse 2017 for ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared wavelengths. Moreover, we analyze the effect of the surface reflectance, the ozone profile, aerosol and the topography and give a visualization of the prevailing photons paths in the atmosphere during the eclipse.
Nina Črnivec and Bernhard Mayer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8083–8100, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8083-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8083-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The interaction between radiation and clouds represents a source of uncertainty in numerical weather prediction (NWP), due to both intrinsic problems of one-dimensional radiation schemes and poor representation of clouds. The underlying question addressed in this study is how large the bias is of radiative heating rates in NWP models for shallow cumulus clouds and how it scales with various parameters, such as solar zenith angle, surface albedo, cloud cover and liquid water path.
Ben Kravitz, Philip J. Rasch, Hailong Wang, Alan Robock, Corey Gabriel, Olivier Boucher, Jason N. S. Cole, Jim Haywood, Duoying Ji, Andy Jones, Andrew Lenton, John C. Moore, Helene Muri, Ulrike Niemeier, Steven Phipps, Hauke Schmidt, Shingo Watanabe, Shuting Yang, and Jin-Ho Yoon
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13097–13113, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13097-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13097-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Marine cloud brightening has been proposed as a means of geoengineering/climate intervention, or deliberately altering the climate system to offset anthropogenic climate change. In idealized simulations that highlight contrasts between land and ocean, we find that the globe warms, including the ocean due to transport of heat from land. This study reinforces that no net energy input into the Earth system does not mean that temperature will necessarily remain unchanged.
Rick D. Russotto and Thomas P. Ackerman
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11905–11925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11905-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11905-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In simulations with different climate models in which the strength of the Sun is reduced to cancel the surface warming from a quadrupling of atmospheric carbon dioxide, low cloud cover decreases, high cloud cover increases, the upper troposphere and stratosphere cool, and water vapor concentration decreases. The stratospheric cooling and low cloud reduction result in more sunlight reduction being needed than originally thought.
Justyna Lisok, Anna Rozwadowska, Jesper G. Pedersen, Krzysztof M. Markowicz, Christoph Ritter, Jacek W. Kaminski, Joanna Struzewska, Mauro Mazzola, Roberto Udisti, Silvia Becagli, and Izabela Gorecka
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 8829–8848, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8829-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8829-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The aim of the presented study was to investigate the impact on the radiation budget and atmospheric dynamics of a biomass-burning plume, transported from Alaska to the High Arctic region of Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, in early July 2015. We found that the smoke plume may significantly alter radiative properties of the atmosphere. Furthermore, the simulations of atmospheric dynamics indicated a vertical positive displacement and broadening of the plume with time.
Simon Gruber, Simon Unterstrasser, Jan Bechtold, Heike Vogel, Martin Jung, Henry Pak, and Bernhard Vogel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 6393–6411, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6393-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6393-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A numerical model also used for operational weather forecast was applied to investigate the impact of contrails and contrail cirrus on the radiative fluxes at the earth's surface. Accounting for contrails produced by aircraft enables the model to simulate high clouds that are otherwise missing. In a case study, we find that the effect of these extra clouds is to reduce the incoming shortwave radiation at the surface as well as the production of photovoltaic power by up to 10 %.
Andrew E. Dessler, Thorsten Mauritsen, and Bjorn Stevens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 5147–5155, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5147-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5147-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
One of the most important parameters in climate science is the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS). Estimates of this quantity based on 20th-century observations suggest low values of ECS (below 2 °C). We show that these calculations may be significantly in error. Together with other recent work on this problem, it seems probable that the ECS is larger than suggested by the 20th-century observations.
Jake J. Gristey, J. Christine Chiu, Robert J. Gurney, Cyril J. Morcrette, Peter G. Hill, Jacqueline E. Russell, and Helen E. Brindley
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 5129–5145, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5129-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5129-2018, 2018
Daniela Meloni, Alcide di Sarra, Gérard Brogniez, Cyrielle Denjean, Lorenzo De Silvestri, Tatiana Di Iorio, Paola Formenti, José L. Gómez-Amo, Julian Gröbner, Natalia Kouremeti, Giuliano Liuzzi, Marc Mallet, Giandomenico Pace, and Damiano M. Sferlazzo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 4377–4401, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4377-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4377-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines how different aerosol optical properties determine the dust longwave radiative effects at the surface, in the atmosphere and at the top of the atmosphere, based on the combination of remote sensing and in situ observations from the ground, from airborne sensors, and from space, by means of radiative transfer modelling. The closure experiment is based on longwave irradiances and spectral brightness temperatures measured during the 2013 ChArMEx–ADRIMED campaign at Lampedusa.
Netsanet K. Alamirew, Martin C. Todd, Claire L. Ryder, John H. Marsham, and Yi Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 1241–1262, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1241-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1241-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper quantifies the radiative effects of dust and water vapour in the Saharan heat low. Dust has a warming effect at the top of the atmosphere while cooling the surface. Water vapour has a warming effect both at the top of atmosphere and the surface. We find dust and water vapour have similar effects in driving the variability in the top-of-atmosphere radiative budget, while dust has a stronger effect than water vapour in controlling day-to-day variability of the surface radiative budget.
Cited articles
Bahuguna, R. N., Solis, C. A., Shi, W., and Jagadish, K. S. V.: Post-flowering night respiration and altered sink activity account for high night temperature-induced grain yield and quality loss in rice (Oryza sativa L.), Physiol. Plantarum, 159, 59–73, https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.12485, 2017.
Bai, K. and Li, K.: Daily 1-km gap-free PM2.5 grids in China, v1 (2000–2020), in: Earth System Science Data (Vol. 14, 907–927), Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5652265, 2021a.
Bai, K. and Li, K.: Daily 1-km gap-free PM10 grids in China, v1 (2000–2020), in: Earth System Science Data (Vol. 14, 907–927), Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5652263, 2021b.
Bansal, P. and Quan, S.: Examining temporally varying nonlinear effects of urban form on urban heat island using explainable machine learning: A case of Seoul, Build. Environ., 247, 110957, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110957, 2024.
Cai, H. and Xu, X.: Impacts of built-up area expansion in 2D and 3D on regional surface temperature, Sustainability, 9, 1862, https://doi.org/10.3390/su9101862, 2017.
Cai, X.: Footprint Analysis in Micrometeorology and its Extended Applications, Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 32, 123–132, https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1148.2008.00288, 2008.
Chen, B., Dong, L., Liu, X., Shi, G., Chen, L., Nakajima, T., and Habib, A.: Exploring the Possible Effect of Anthropogenic Heat Release Due to Global Energy Consumption upon Global Climate: a Climate Model Study, Int. J. Climatol., 36, 15, 4790–4796, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4669, 2016.
Chen, G., Wang, D., Wang, Q., Li, Y., Wang, X., Hang, J., Gao, P., Ou, C., and Wang, K.: Scaled Outdoor Experimental Studies of Urban thermal Environment in Street canyon Models with Various Aspect Ratios and thermal Storage, Sci. Total Environ., 726, 138147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138147, 2020.
Chen, S., Yang, Y., Deng, F., Zhang, Y., Liu, D., Liu, C., and Gao, Z.: A high-resolution monitoring approach of canopy urban heat island using a random forest model and multi-platform observations, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 735–756, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-735-2022, 2022.
China Meteorological Data Service Centre: Daily Timed Data From Automated Weather Stations In China, China Meteorological Data Service Centre, http://data.cma.cn/en, last access: 12 September 2024.
Dong, L., Jiang, Z., and Shen, S.: Urban heat island change and its relationship with urbanization of urban agglomerations in Yangtze River Delta in past decade, Trans. Atmos. Sci., 37, 146–154, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-7097.2014.02.003, 2014.
Drach, P., Krüger, E. L., and Emmanuel, R.: Effects of atmospheric stability and urban morphology on daytime intra-urban temperature variability for Glasgow, UK, Sci. Total Environ., 627, 782–791, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.285, 2018.
Du, H., Wang, D., Wang, Y., Zhao, X., Qin, F., Jiang, H., and Cai, Y.: Influences of land cover types, meteorological conditions, anthropogenic heat and urban area on surface urban heat island in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, Sci. Total Environ., 571, 461–470, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.012, 2016.
Duan, Z., Yang, Y., Zhou, S., and Yin, J.: Estimating Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) over Rice-Wheat-Rotation Croplands by Using the Random Forest Model and Eddy Covariance Measurements: Upscaling and Comparison with the MODIS Product, Remote Sens., 13, 21, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214229, 2021.
Estoque, R. C., Murayama, Y., and Myint, S. W.: Effects of landscape composition and pattern on land surface temperature: An urban heat island study in the megacities of Southeast Asia, Sci. Total Environ., 577, 349–359, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.195, 2017.
Filleul, L., Cassadou, S., Médina, S., Fabres, P., Lefranc, A., Eilstein, D., Tertre, A. L., Pascal, L., Chardon, B., and Blanchard, M.: The relation between temperature, ozone, and mortality in nine french cities during the heat wave of 2003, Environ. Health Persp., 114, 1344–1347, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8328, 2006.
Fischer, E. M. and Schär, C.: Consistent geographical patterns of changes in high-impact European heatwaves, Nat. Geosci., 3, 398–403, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO866, 2010.
Founda, D., Pierros, F., Petrakis, M., and Zerefos, C.: Interdecadal variations and trends of the urban heat island in Athens (Greece) and its response to heat waves, Atmos. Res., 161, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.03.016, 2015.
Friedman, J.: Greedy function approximation: a gradient boosting machine, Ann. Stat., 29, 1189–1232, https://doi.org/10.1214/aos/1013203451, 2001.
Giridharan, R., Ganesan, S., and Lau, S. S. Y.: day urban heat island effect in high-rise and high-density residential developments in Hong Kong, Energ. Buildings, 36, 525–534, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2003.12.016, 2004.
Giridharan, R., Lau, S. S. Y., and Ganesan, S.: Nocturnal heat island effect in urban residential developments of Hong Kong, Energ. Buildings, 37, 964–971, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2004.12.005, 2005.
Gosling, S. N., Lowe, J. A., McGregor, G. R., Pelling, M., and Malamud, B. D.: Associations between elevated atmospheric temperature and human mortality: A critical review of the literature, Climatic Change, 92, 299–341, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-008-9441-x, 2009.
Guo, G., Zhou, X., Wu, Z., Xiao, R., and Chen, Y.: Characterizing the impact of urban morphology heterogeneity on land surface temperature in Guangzhou, China, Environ. Model. Softw., 84, 427–439, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.06.021, 2016.
Guo, J., Li, Y., Cohen, J. B., Li, J., Chen, D., Xu, H., Liu, L., Yin, J., Hu, K., and Zhai, P.: Shift in the Temporal Trend of Boundary Layer Height in China Using Long-Term (1979–2016) Radiosonde Data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 6080–6089, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082666, 2019.
Guo, M., Zhang, M., Wang, H., Wang, L., and Li, Y.: Dual Effects of Synoptic Weather Patterns and Urbanization on Summer Diurnal Temperature Range in an Urban Agglomeration of East China, Front. Environ. Sci., 9, 672295, https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.672295, 2021.
Hang, J., Li, Y., and Sandberg, M.: Experimental and numerical studies of flows through and within high-rise building arrays and their link to ventilation strategy, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 99, 1036–1055, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.06.021, 2011.
Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R., and Friedman, J.: The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data mining, Inference, and Prediction, Springer Series in Statistics, Springer, New York, https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM1101_10, 2009.
He, Y., Miao, L., Gu, W., and Ju, L.: Analysis of PM2.5 concentration dynamics and its influencing factors in the Yangtze River Delta based on different city sizes, Scientia Geographica Sinica, 44, 1426–1436, https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20220878, 2024.
Herbel, I., Croitoru, A. E., Rus, A.V. Roca, C. F., Harpa, G. V., Ciupertea, A. F., and Rus, I.: The impact of heat waves on surface urban heat island and local economy in Cluj-Napoca city, Romania, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 133, 681–695, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-017-2196-4, 2018.
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horányi, A., Muñoz Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Dee, D., and Thépaut, J.-N.: ERA5 hourly data on pressure levels from 1940 to present, Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.bd0915c6, 2023.
Hoffmann, P. and Schlünzen, K. H.: Weather Pattern Classification to Represent the Urban Heat Island in Present and Future Climate, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 52, 2699–2714, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-12-065.1, 2013.
Hong, J. S., Yeh, S. W., and Seo, K. H.: Diagnosing physical mechanisms leading to pure heat waves versus pure tropical nights over the Korean peninsula, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 7149–7160, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028360, 2018.
Huang, L., Miao, J., and Liu, Y.: Spatial and temporal variation characteristics of urban heat island in Tianjin, Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences, 35, 620–632, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-011-0280-z, 2012.
Huang, Q. and Lu, Y.: The Effect of Urban Heat Island on Climate Warming in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration in China, Int. J. Env. Res. Pub. He., 12, 8773–8789, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120808773, 2015.
Imran, H. M., Kala, J., Ng, A. W. M., and Muthukumaran, S.: Impacts of future urban expansion on urban heat island effects during heatwave events in the city of Melbourne in southeast Australia, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 145, 2586–2602, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3580, 2019.
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change): Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Reportof the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, ISBN 9781009157896, 2021.
Jiang, S., Lee, X., Wang, J., and Wang, K.: Amplified urban heat islands during heat wave periods, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 7797–7812, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jd030230, 2019.
Khan, H. S., Paolini, R., Santamouris, M., and Caccetta, P.: Exploring the synergies between urban overheating and heatwaves (HWs) in Western Sydney, Energies, 13, 470, https://doi.org/10.3390/en13020470, 2020.
Krayenhoff, E. S. and Voogt, J. A.: Daytime Thermal Anisotropy of Urban Neighbourhoods: Morphological Causation, Remote Sens., 8, 108, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8020108, 2016.
Le Tertre, A., Lefranc, A., Eilstein, D., Declercq, C., Medina, S., Blanchard, M., Chardon, B., Fabre, P., Filleul, L., Jusot, J.-F., Pascal, L., Prouvost, H., Cassadou, S., and Ledrans, M.: Impact of the 2003 heatwave on all-cause mortality in 9 French cities, Epidemiology, 17, 75–79, https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000187650.36636.1f, 2006.
Li, D. and Bou-Zeid, E.: Synergistic Interactions between Urban Heat Islands and Heat Waves: The Impact in Cities Is Larger than the Sum of Its Parts, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 52, 2051–2064, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-13-02.1, 2013.
Li, Y., Schubert, S., Kropp, J. P., and Rybski, D.: On the influence of density and morphology on the Urban Heat Island intensity, Nat. Commun., 11, 2647, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16461-9, 2020.
Lin, Z., Xu, H., Han, L., Zhang, H., Peng, J., and Yao, X.: Day and night: Impact of 2D/3D urban features on land surface temperature and their spatiotemporal non-stationary relationships in urban building spaces, Sustain. Cities Soc., 108, 105507, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105507, 2024.
Liu, W., Ji, C., Zhong, J., Jiang, X., and Zheng, Z.: Temporal characteristics of the Beijing urban heat island, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 87, 213–221, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-005-0192-6, 2007.
Liu, W., Yang, P., You, H., and Zhang, B.: Heat island effect and diurnal temperature range in Beijing area, Climatic and Environmental Research, 18, 171–177, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2012.11147, 2013.
Liu, Y., Xu, Y., Zhang, Y., Han, X., Weng, F., Xuan, C., and Shu, W.: Impacts of the Urban Spatial Landscape in Beijing on Surface and Canopy Urban Heat Islands, J. Meteorol. Res., 36, 882–7899, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-022-2045-y, 2022.
Marks, D. and Connell, J.: Unequal and unjust: The political ecology of Bangkok's increasing urban heat island, Urban Studies, 61, 2887–2907, https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221140999, 2024.
Menon, S.: Climate effects of black carbon aerosols in China and India, Science, 297, 2250–2253, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1075159, 2002.
Miao, Y., Guo, J., Liu, S., Liu, H., Li, Z., Zhang, W., and Zhai, P.: Classification of summertime synoptic patterns in Beijing and their associations with boundary layer structure affecting aerosol pollution, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3097–3110, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3097-2017, 2017.
Mirzaei, P. A. and Haghighat, F.: Approaches to study Urban Heat Island – Abilities and limitations, Build. Environ., 45, 2192–2201, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.04.001, 2010
Mora, C., Dousset, B., Caldwell, I., Powell, F., Geronimo, R., Bielecki, C., Counsell, C., Dietrich, B., Johnston, E., Louis, L., Lucas, M., McKenzie, M., Shea, A., Tseng, H., Giambelluca, T., Leon, L., Hawkins, E., and Trauernicht, C.: Global risk of deadly heat, Nature Climate Change, 7, 501–506, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3322, 2017.
Muthers, S., Laschewski, G., and Matzarakis, A.: The Summers 2003 and 2015 in South-West Germany: Heat Waves and Heat-Related Mortality in the Context of Climate Change, Atmosphere 8, 224, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8110224, 2017.
Ngarambe, J., Nganyiyimana, J., Kim, I., Santamouris, M., and Yunid, G. Y.: Synergies between urban heat island and heat waves in Seoul: The role of wind speed and land use characteristics, PLoS ONE, 15, e0243571, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243571, 2020.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: Version 4 DMSP-OLS Nighttime Lights Time Series, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [data set], http://ngdc.NOAA.gov/eog/dmsp/downloadV4composites.html, last access: 12 September 2024.
Oke, T. R., Mills, G., Christen, A., and Voogt, J. A.: Urban climates, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521849500, 2017.
Park, S., Park, J., and Lee, S.: Unpacking the nonlinear relationships and interaction effects between urban environment factors and the urban night heat index, J. Clean. Prod., 428, 139407, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.139407, 2023.
Patz, J. A., Campbell-Lendrum, D., Holloway, T., and Foley, J. A.: Impact of regional climate change on human health, Nature, 438, 310–317, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04188, 2005.
Philipp, A., Beck, C., Esteban, P., Krennert, T., Lochbihler, K., Spyros, P., Pianko-Kluczynska, K., Post, P., Alvarez, R., Spekat, A., and Streicher, F.: Cost733class-1.2 User guide, http://cost733.met.no/ (last access: 7 June 2021), 2014.
Poupkou, A., Nastos, P., Melas, D., and Zerefos, C.: Climatology of discomfort index and air quality index in a large urban mediterranean agglomeration, Water Air Soil Poll., 222, 163–183, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-011-0814-9, 2011.
Pu, X., Wang, T., Huang, X., Melas, D., Zanis, P., Papanastasiou, D. K., and Poupkou, A.: Enhanced surface ozone during the heat wave of 2013 in Yangtze River Delta region, China, Sci. Total Environ., 603, 807–816, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.056, 2017.
Ren, G., Chu, Z., Chen, Z., and Ren, Y.: Implications of temporal change in urban heat island intensity observed at Beijing and Wuhan stations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L05711, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027927, 2007.
Ren, G. Y.: Urbanization as a major driver of urban climate change, Advances in Climate Change Research, 6, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2015.08.003, 2015.
Ren, Y. and Ren, G.: A remote-sensing method of selecting RS for evaluating urbanization effect on surface air temperature trends, J. Climate, 24, 3179–3189, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3658.1, 2011.
Rizwan, A. M., Dennis, L. Y., and Chunho, L.: A review on the generation, determination and mitigation of urban heat island, J. Environ. Sci., 20, 120–128, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(08)60019-4, 2008.
Roth, M.: Review of urban climate research in (sub) tropical regions. Int. J. Climatol., 27, 1859–1873, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1591, 2007.
Seidel, D. J., Zhang, Y., Beljaars, A., Golaz, J. C., Jacobson, A. R., and Medeiros, B.: Climatology of the planetary boundary layer over the continental United States and Europe, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD018143, 2012.
Shi, T., Huang, Y., Shi, C., and Yang, Y.: Influence of Urbanization on the Thermal Environment of Meteorological Stations: Satellite-observational Evidence, Advances in Climate Change Research, 1, 7–15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2015.07.001, 2015.
Shi, T., Sun, D., Huang, Y., Lu, G., and Yang, Y.: A new method for correcting urbanization-induced bias in surface air temperature observations: Insights from comparative site-relocation data, Front. Environ. Sci., 9, 625418, https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.625418, 2021.
Shi, T., Yang, Y., Qi, P., Ren, G., Wen, X., and Gul, C.: Adjustment of the urbanization bias in surface air temperature series based on urban spatial morphologies and using machine learning, Urban Climate, 55, 101991, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101991, 2024.
Singh, V. K., Mohan, M., and Bhati, S.: Industrial heat island mitigation in Angul-Talcher region of India: Evaluation using modified WRF-Single Urban Canopy Model, Sci. Total Environ., 858, 159949, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159949, 2023.
Taleghani, M., Sailor, D., and Ban-Weiss, G. A.: Micrometeorological simulations to predict the impacts of heat mitigation strategies on pedestrian thermal comfort in a Los Angeles neighborhood, Environ. Res. Lett., 11, 024003, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/2/024003, 2016.
Tan, J., Zheng, Y., Tang, X., Guo, C., Li, L., Song, G., Zhen, X., Yuan, D., Kalkstein, A. J., Li, F., and Chen, H.: The urban heat island and its impact on heat waves and human health in Shanghai, Int. J. Biometeorol., 54, 75–84, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-009-0256-x, 2010.
Tan, M., Liu, K., Liu, L.,Zhu, Y., and Wang, D.: Population Spatialization of 30 m Grid in Pearl River Delta Based on Stochastic Forest Model, Progress in Geography, 36, 10, 122–130, https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2017.10.012, 2017.
Tian, G., Jiang, J., Yang, Z., and Zhang, Y.: The urban growth, size distribution and spatio-temporal dynamic pattern of the Yangtze River Delta megalopolitan region, China, Ecol. Model., 222, 865–878, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.09.036, 2011.
Tian, Y. and Miao, J.: Overview of Mountain-Valley Breeze Studies in China, Meteorological Science and Technology, 47, 41–51, https://doi.org/10.19517/j.1671-6345.20170777, 2019.
Tong, N. Y. O. and Leung, D. Y. C.: Effects of Building Aspect Ratio, Diurnal Heating Scenario, and Wind Speed on Reactive Pollutant Dispersion in Urban Street Canyons, J. Environ. Sci., 24, 2091–2103, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(11)60971-6, 2012.
Tong, S., Wong, N., Jusuf, S. K., Tan, C., Wong, H., Ignatius, H., and Tan, E.: Study on correlation between air temperature and urban morphology parameters in built environment in northern China, Build. Environ., 127, 239–249, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.11.013, 2018.
Tysa, S. K., Ren, G., Qin, Y., Zhang, P., Ren, Y., Jia, W., and Wen, K.: Urbanization effect in regional temperature series based on a remote sensing classification scheme of stations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 10646–10661, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030948, 2019.
Verma, A., Pedrosa, L., Korupolu, M., Oppenheimer, D., Tune, E., and Wilkes, J.: Large-scale cluster management at Google with Borg, Proceedings of the Tenth European Conference on Computer Systems, Bordeaux, France, 21–24 April 2015, ACM, New York, USA, https://doi.org/10.1145/2741948.2741964, 2022.
Wang, H., Li, J., Gao, Z., Yim, S. H. L., Shen, H., Ho, H. C., Li, Z., Zeng, Z., Liu, C., Li, Y., Ning, G., and Yang, Y.: High-Spatial-Resolution Population Exposure to PM2.5 Pollution Based on Multi-Satellite Retrievals: A Case Study of Seasonal V ariation in the Yangtze River Delta, China in 2013, Remote Sens., 11, 2724, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232724, 2019.
Wang, K., Jiang, S., Wang, J., Zhou, C., Wang, X., and Lee, X.: Comparing the diurnal and seasonal variabilities of atmospheric and surface urban heat islands based on the Beijing urban meteorological network, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 2131–2154, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jd025304, 2017.
Wang, W., Zhou, W., Li, X., Wang, X., and Wang, D.: Synoptic-scale characteristics and atmospheric controls of summer heat waves in China, Clim. Dynam., 46, 2923–2941, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2741-8, 2015.
Wen, K., Ren, G., Li, J., Zhang, A., Ren, Y., Sun, X., and Zhou, Y.: Recent Surface Air Temperature Change Over Mainland China Based on an Urbanization-Bias Adjusted Dataset, J. Climate, 32, 2691–2705, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0395.1, 2019.
Wu, H., Wang, T., Wang, Q., Cao, Y., Qu, Y., and Nie, D.: Radiative effects and chemical compositions of fine particles modulating urban heat island in Nanjing, China, Atmos. Environ., 247, 118201, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118201, 2021.
Xia, Y., Li, Y., Guan, D., Tinoco, D.M., Xia, J., Yan, Z., Liu, Q., and Huo, H.: Assessment of the economic impacts of heat waves: a case study of Nanjing, China, J. Clean. Prod., 171, 811–819, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.069, 2018.
Xie, J., Sun, T., Liu, C., Li, L., Xu, X., Miao, S., Lin, L., Chen, Y., and Fan, S.: Quantitative evaluation of impacts of the steadiness and duration of urban surface wind patterns on air quality, Sci. Total Environ., 850, 157957, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157957, 2022.
Xu, W. H., Li, Q. X., Wang, X. L., Yang, S., Cao, L., and Feng, Y.: Homogenization of Chinese daily surface air temperatures and analysis of trends in the extreme temperature indices, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 9708–9720, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50791, 2013.
Xu, Z., Fitzgerald, G., Guo, Y., Jalaludin, B., and Tong, S.: Impact of heatwave on mortality under different heatwave definitions: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Environ. Int., 89–90, 193–203, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.02.007, 2016.
Xue, J., Zong, L., Yang ,Y., Bi, X., Zhang, Y., and Zhao, M.: Diurnal and interannual variations of canopy urban heat island (CUHI) effects over a mountain-valley city with a semi-arid climate, Urban Climate, 48, 101425, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101425, 2023.
Yan, Z. and Zhou, D.: Rural agriculture largely reduces the urban heating effects in China: A tale of the three most developed urban agglomerations. Agr. Forest Meteorol., 331, 109343, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109343, 2023.
Yang, G., Ren, G., Zhang, P., Xue, X., Tysa, S. K., Jia, W., Qin, Y., Zheng, X., and Zhang, S.: PM2.5 influence on urban heat island (UHI) effect in Beijing and the possible mechanisms, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, e2021JD035227, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035227, 2021.
Yang, J. and Huang, X.: The 30 m annual land cover dataset and its dynamics in China from 1990 to 2019, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3907–3925, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3907-2021, 2021.
Yang, J. and Huang, X.: The 30 m annual land cover datasets and its dynamics in China from 1990 to 2021, in: Earth System Science Data (1.0.1, Vol. 13, 3907–3925), Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5816591, 2022.
Yang, J., Liu, H. Z., Ou, C. Q., Lin, G. Z., Zhou, Q., Shen, G. C., Chen, P. Y., and Guo, Y.: Global Climate Change: Impact of Diurnal Temperature Range on Mortality in Guangzhou, China, Environ. Pollut., 175, 131–136, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.12.021, 2013.
Yang, J., Dong, J., Xiao, X., Dai, J., Wu, C., Xia, J., Zhao, G., Zhao, M., Li, Z., Zhang, Y., and Ge, Q.: Divergent shifts in peak photosynthesis timing of temperate and alpine grasslands in China. Remote Sens. Environ., 233, 111395, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111395, 2019.
Yang, P., Liu, W., Zhong, J., and Yang, J.: Evaluating the Quality of Temperature Measured at Automatic Weather Stations in Beijing, Journal of Applied Meteorological Science, 22, 706–715, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-7313.2011.06.008, 2011.
Yang, Y., Zheng, X., Gao, Z., Wang, H., Wang, T., Li, Y., Lau, G. N. C., and Yim, S. H. L.: Long-Term Trends of Persistent Synoptic Circulation Events in Planetary Boundary Layer and Their Relationships With Haze Pollution in Winter Half Year Over Eastern China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 10991–11007, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028982, 2018.
Yang, Y., Zheng, Z., Yim, S. Y. L., Roth, M., Ren, G., Gao, Z., Wang, T., Li, Q., Shi, C., and Ning, G.: PM2.5 Pollution Modulates Wintertime Urban Heat Island Intensity in the BeijingTianjin-Hebei Megalopolis, China, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084288, 2020.
Yang, Y., Guo, M., Ren, G., Liu, S., Zong, L., Zhang, Y., Zheng, Z., Miao, Y., and Zhang, Y.: Modulation of wintertime canopy urban heat island (CUHI) intensity in Beijing by synoptic weather pattern in planetary boundary layer, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 127, e2021JD035988, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035988, 2022.
Yang, Y., Guo, M., Wang, L., Zong, L., Liu, D., Zhang, W., Wang, M., Wan, B., and Guo, Y.: Unevenly spatiotemporal distribution of urban excess warming in coastal Shanghai megacity, China: Roles of geophysical environment, ventilation and sea breeze, Build. Environ., 235, 110180, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110180, 2023.
Yang, Y., Luo, F., Xue, J., Zong, L., Tian, W., and Shi, T.: Research progress and perspective on synergy between urban heat waves and canopy urban heat island, Advances in Earth Science, 39, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2024.032, 2024.
Yu, Z., Chen, S., Wong, N., Ignatius, M., Deng, J., He, Y., and Hii, D. J. C.: Dependence between urban morphology and outdoor air temperature: A tropical campus study using random forests algorithm, Sustain. Cities Soc., 61, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102200, 2020.
Zeng, Z., Wang, Z., Gui, K., Yan, X., Gao, M., Luo, M., Geng, H., Liao, T., Li, X., and An, J.: Daily Global Solar Radiation in China Estimated from High-density Meteorological Observations: A Random Forest Model Framework, Earth and Space Science, 7, e2019EA001058, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EA001058, 2020.
Zhang, A., Ren, G., Zhou, J., Chu, Z., Ren, Y., and Tang, G.: Urbanization effect on surface air temperature trends over China, Acta Meteorol. Sin., 68, 957–966, https://doi.org/10.11676/qxxb2010.090, 2010.
Zhang, H., Zhu, S., Gao, Y., and Zhang, G.: The Relationship Between Urban Spatial Morphology Parameters and Urban Heat Island Intensity Under Fine Weather Condition, Journal of Applied Meteorological Science, 27, 249–256, https://doi.org/10.11898/1001-7313.20160213, 2016.
Zhang, K., Cao, C., Chu, H., Zhao, L., Zhao, J., and Lee, X.: Increased heat risk in wet climate induced by urban humid heat, Nature, 617, 7962, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05911-1, 2023.
Zhang, M., Yang, Y., Zhan, C., Zong, L., Gul, C., and Wang, M.: Tropical cyclone-related heatwave episodes in the Greater Bay Area, China: synoptic patterns and urban-rural disparities, Weather and Climate Extremes, 44, 100656, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2024.100656, 2024.
Zhang, X., Chen, L., Jiang, W., and Jin, X.: Urban heat island of Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration in China: Multi-time scale characteristics and influencing factors, Urban Climate, 43, 101180, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2022.101180, 2022.
Zheng, Z., Ren, G., Wang, H., Dou, J., Gao, Z., Duan, C., Li, Y., Ngarukiyimana, J. P., Zhao, C., Cao, C., Jiang, M., and Yang, Y.: Relationship between fine-particle pollution and the urban heat island in Beijing, China: Observational evidence, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 169, 93–113, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-018-0362-6, 2018.
Zheng, Z., Zhao, C., Lolli, S., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Ma, X., Li, Q., and Yang, Y.: Diurnal variation of summer precipitation modulated by air pollution: Observational evidences in the Beijing metropolitan area, Environ. Res. Lett., 15, 094053, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab99fc, 2020.
Zhou, D., Zhao, S., Liu, S., Zhang, L., and Zhu, C.: Surface urban heat island in China's 32 major cities: Spatial patterns and drivers, Remote Sens. Environ., 152, 51–61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.05.017, 2014.
Short summary
Our study explored the daily temperature patterns in urban areas of the Yangtze River Delta, focusing on how weather and human activities impact these patterns. We found that temperatures were higher at night, and weather patterns had a bigger impact during the day, while human activities mattered more at night. This helps us understand and address urban overheating.
Our study explored the daily temperature patterns in urban areas of the Yangtze River Delta,...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint