Articles | Volume 25, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4443-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4443-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
23 Apr 2025
Research article |
| 23 Apr 2025
| 23 Apr 2025
Surface temperature effects of recent reductions in shipping SO2 emissions are within internal variability
Duncan Watson-Parris
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Laura J. Wilcox
National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK
Camilla W. Stjern
CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, Norway
Robert J. Allen
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
Geeta Persad
Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
Massimo A. Bollasina
School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Annica M. L. Ekman
Department of Meteorology and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Carley E. Iles
CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, Norway
Manoj Joshi
Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Marianne T. Lund
CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, Norway
Daniel McCoy
Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
Daniel M. Westervelt
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia Climate School, New York, NY, USA
Andrew I. L. Williams
Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
Bjørn H. Samset
CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, Norway
Data sets
Surface temperature changes due to shipping emissions changes simulated with CESM2 D. Watson-Parris https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15185389
Short summary
In 2020, regulations by the International Maritime Organization aimed to reduce aerosol emissions from ships. These aerosols previously had a cooling effect, which the regulations might reduce, revealing more greenhouse gas warming. Here we find that, while there is regional warming, the global 2020–2040 temperature rise is only +0.03 °C. This small change is difficult to distinguish from natural climate variability, indicating the regulations have had a limited effect on observed warming to date.
In 2020, regulations by the International Maritime Organization aimed to reduce aerosol...
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