Articles | Volume 25, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2589-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2589-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
28 Feb 2025
Research article |
| 28 Feb 2025
| 28 Feb 2025
Assessment of the 11-year solar cycle signals in the middle atmosphere during boreal winter with multiple-model ensemble simulations
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany
Tobias Spiegl
Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
Institute of Meteorology, Freie Universität Berlin, 12165 Berlin, Germany
Sebastian Wahl
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany
Katja Matthes
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany
Ulrike Langematz
Institute of Meteorology, Freie Universität Berlin, 12165 Berlin, Germany
Holger Pohlmann
Department Climate Variability, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
Jürgen Kröger
Department Climate Variability, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Short summary
Uncertainties of the solar signals in the middle atmosphere are assessed based on large ensemble simulations with multiple climate models. Our results demonstrate that the 11-year solar signals in the shortwave heating rate, temperature, and ozone anomalies are significant and robust. The simulated dynamical responses are model-dependent, and solar imprints in the polar night jet are influenced by biases in the model used.
Uncertainties of the solar signals in the middle atmosphere are assessed based on large ensemble...
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