Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
ACP
Articles | Volume 25, issue 24
Articles | Volume 25, issue 24
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-18617-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-18617-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 25, issue 24
Research article
 | 
19 Dec 2025
Research article |  | 19 Dec 2025

An updated microphysical model for particle activation in contrails: the role of volatile plume particles

Joel Ponsonby, Roger Teoh, Bernd Kärcher, and Marc E. J. Stettler

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Short summary
Aerosol emissions from aircraft engines contribute to the formation of contrails, which have a climate impact comparable to that of aviation’s CO2 emissions. We show that emissions of volatile particulate matter – from fuel sulphur, unburned fuel, and lubrication oil – can increase the number of ice particles formed within a contrail and therefore have an important role in the climate impacts of aviation. This has implications for emission regulation and climate mitigation strategies.
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