Articles | Volume 25, issue 18
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-11557-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-11557-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Effects of ozone–climate interactions on the long-term temperature trend in the Arctic stratosphere
Siyi Zhao
College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Jiankai Zhang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Xufan Xia
College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Zhe Wang
College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Chongyang Zhang
College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Related authors
Zhe Wang, Jiankai Zhang, Siyi Zhao, and Douwang Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3465–3480, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3465-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3465-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Mid-latitude wind in the upper stratosphere is indispensable in establishing quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO)–vortex coupling in the Southern Hemisphere. During the westerly QBO, positive zonal wind anomalies at 20−40° S in the upper stratosphere in July, named the positive extratropical mode, lead to a stronger polar vortex in November, with a correlation of 0.75, suggesting that the Antarctic stratospheric polar vortex and ozone concentration in spring can be predicted up to 5 months in advance.
Douwang Li, Zhe Wang, Siyi Zhao, Jiankai Zhang, Wuhu Feng, and Martyn P. Chipperfield
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-955, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-955, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We find that wind variations at the equator (QBO) modulate the occurrence of Arctic polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs), which are key contributors to ozone depletion. During westerly QBO, the PSC occurrence is significantly greater than during easterly QBO. The QBO affects PSC mainly through temperature, while H2O and HNO3 have less effect. This suggests that future climate change may affect ozone recovery if it alters the QBO pattern. This study provides a new perspective on ozone prediction.
Zhe Wang, Jiankai Zhang, Siyi Zhao, and Douwang Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3465–3480, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3465-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3465-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Mid-latitude wind in the upper stratosphere is indispensable in establishing quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO)–vortex coupling in the Southern Hemisphere. During the westerly QBO, positive zonal wind anomalies at 20−40° S in the upper stratosphere in July, named the positive extratropical mode, lead to a stronger polar vortex in November, with a correlation of 0.75, suggesting that the Antarctic stratospheric polar vortex and ozone concentration in spring can be predicted up to 5 months in advance.
Douwang Li, Zhe Wang, Siyi Zhao, Jiankai Zhang, Wuhu Feng, and Martyn P. Chipperfield
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-955, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-955, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We find that wind variations at the equator (QBO) modulate the occurrence of Arctic polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs), which are key contributors to ozone depletion. During westerly QBO, the PSC occurrence is significantly greater than during easterly QBO. The QBO affects PSC mainly through temperature, while H2O and HNO3 have less effect. This suggests that future climate change may affect ozone recovery if it alters the QBO pattern. This study provides a new perspective on ozone prediction.
Yihang Hu, Wenshou Tian, Jiankai Zhang, Tao Wang, and Mian Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1575–1600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1575-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1575-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Antarctic stratospheric wave activities in September have been weakening significantly since the 2000s. Further analysis supports the finding that sea surface temperature (SST) trends over 20° N–70° S lead to the weakening of stratospheric wave activities, while the response of stratospheric wave activities to ozone recovery is weak. Thus, the SST trend should be taken into consideration when exploring the mechanism for the climate transition in the southern hemispheric stratosphere around 2000.
James Keeble, Birgit Hassler, Antara Banerjee, Ramiro Checa-Garcia, Gabriel Chiodo, Sean Davis, Veronika Eyring, Paul T. Griffiths, Olaf Morgenstern, Peer Nowack, Guang Zeng, Jiankai Zhang, Greg Bodeker, Susannah Burrows, Philip Cameron-Smith, David Cugnet, Christopher Danek, Makoto Deushi, Larry W. Horowitz, Anne Kubin, Lijuan Li, Gerrit Lohmann, Martine Michou, Michael J. Mills, Pierre Nabat, Dirk Olivié, Sungsu Park, Øyvind Seland, Jens Stoll, Karl-Hermann Wieners, and Tongwen Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5015–5061, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5015-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5015-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Stratospheric ozone and water vapour are key components of the Earth system; changes to both have important impacts on global and regional climate. We evaluate changes to these species from 1850 to 2100 in the new generation of CMIP6 models. There is good agreement between the multi-model mean and observations, although there is substantial variation between the individual models. The future evolution of both ozone and water vapour is strongly dependent on the assumed future emissions scenario.
Cited articles
Abalos, M., Randel, W. J., Kinnison, D. E., and Serrano, E.: Quantifying tracer transport in the tropical lower stratosphere using WACCM, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10591–10607, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10591-2013, 2013.
Albers, J. R. and Nathan, T. R.: Ozone Loss and Recovery and the Preconditioning of Upward-Propagating Planetary Wave Activity, J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 3977–3994, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-12-0259.1, 2013.
Andrews, D. G., Holton, J. R., and Leovy, C. B.: Middle atmosphere dynamics, Academic Press, Orlando, 489 pp., ISBN: 0-12-058575-8, 1987.
Bohlinger, P., Sinnhuber, B.-M., Ruhnke, R., and Kirner, O.: Radiative and dynamical contributions to past and future Arctic stratospheric temperature trends, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1679–1688, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1679-2014, 2014.
Calvo, N., Polvani, L. M., and Solomon, S.: On the surface impact of Arctic stratospheric ozone extremes, Environ. Res. Lett., 10, 094003, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/094003, 2015.
Chiodo, G. and Polvani, L. M.: Reduction of Climate Sensitivity to Solar Forcing due to Stratospheric Ozone Feedback, J. Climate, 29, 4651–4663, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0721.1, 2016.
Chiodo, G., Friedel, M., Seeber, S., Domeisen, D., Stenke, A., Sukhodolov, T., and Zilker, F.: The influence of future changes in springtime Arctic ozone on stratospheric and surface climate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10451–10472, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10451-2023, 2023.
Chiodo, G., Liu, J., Revell, L., Sukhodolov, T., and Zhang, J.: Editorial: The Evolution of the Stratospheric Ozone, Front. Earth Sci., 9, 773826, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.773826, 2021.
Chipperfield, M. P., Bekki, S., Dhomse, S., Harris, N. R. P., Hassler, B., Hossaini, R., Steinbrecht, W., Thiéblemont, R., and Weber, M.: Detecting recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer, Nature, 549, 211–218, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature23681, 2017.
Cohen, J., Screen, J. A., Furtado, J. C., Barlow, M., Whittleston, D., Coumou, D., Francis, J., Dethloff, K., Entekhabi, D., Overland, J., and Jones, J.: Recent Arctic amplification and extreme mid-latitude weather, Nat. Geosci., 7, 627–637, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2234, 2014.
Coy, L., Nash, E. R., and Newman, P. A.: Meteorology of the polar vortex: Spring 1997, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 2693–2696, https://doi.org/10.1029/97GL52832, 1997.
de F. Forster, P. M. and Shine, K. P.: Radiative forcing and temperature trends from stratospheric ozone changes, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos, 102, 10841–10855, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD03510, 1997.
Dietmüller, S., Ponater, M., and Sausen, R.: Interactive ozone induces a negative feedback in CO 2-driven climate change simulations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 1796–1805, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020575, 2014.
Farman, J. C., Gardiner, B. G., and Shanklin, J. D.: Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClOx/NOx interaction, Nature, 315, 207–210, https://doi.org/10.1038/315207a0, 1985.
Feng, W., Chipperfield, M. P., Roscoe, H. K., Remedios, J. J., Waterfall, A. M., Stiller, G. P., Glatthor, N., Höpfner, M., and Wang, D.-Y.: Three-Dimensional Model Study of the Antarctic Ozone Hole in 2002 and Comparison with 2000, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 822–837, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-3335.1, 2005a.
Feng, W., Chipperfield, M. P., Davies, S., Sen, B., Toon, G., Blavier, J. F., Webster, C. R., Volk, C. M., Ulanovsky, A., Ravegnani, F., von der Gathen, P., Jost, H., Richard, E. C., and Claude, H.: Three-dimensional model study of the Arctic ozone loss in 2002/2003 and comparison with 1999/2000 and 2003/2004, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 139–152, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-139-2005, 2005b.
Friedel, M., Chiodo, G., Stenke, A., Domeisen, D. I. V., and Peter, T.: Effects of Arctic ozone on the stratospheric spring onset and its surface impact, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13997–14017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13997-2022, 2022a.
Friedel, M., Chiodo, G., Stenke, A., Domeisen, D. I. V., Fueglistaler, S., Anet, J. G., and Peter, T.: Springtime arctic ozone depletion forces northern hemisphere climate anomalies, Nat. Geosci., 15, 541–547, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-00974-7, 2022b.
Friedel, M., Chiodo, G., Sukhodolov, T., Keeble, J., Peter, T., Seeber, S., Stenke, A., Akiyoshi, H., Rozanov, E., Plummer, D., Jöckel, P., Zeng, G., Morgenstern, O., and Josse, B.: Weakening of springtime Arctic ozone depletion with climate change, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10235–10254, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10235-2023, 2023.
Fu, Q., Solomon, S., Pahlavan, H. A., and Lin, P.: Observed changes in Brewer–Dobson circulation for 1980–2018, Environ. Res. Lett., 14, 114026, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab4de7, 2019.
Gelaro, R., McCarty, W., Suárez, M. J., Todling, R., Molod, A., Takacs, L., Randles, C. A., Darmenov, A., Bosilovich, M. G., Reichle, R., Wargan, K., Coy, L., Cullather, R., Draper, C., Akella, S., Buchard, V., Conaty, A., Da Silva, A. M., Gu, W., Kim, G.-K., Koster, R., Lucchesi, R., Merkova, D., Nielsen, J. E., Partyka, G., Pawson, S., Putman, W., Rienecker, M., Schubert, S. D., Sienkiewicz, M., and Zhao, B.: The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2), J. Climate, 30, 5419–5454, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0758.1, 2017.
Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO): MERRA-2 inst3_3d_asm_Np: 3d,3-Hourly,Instantaneous,Pressure-Level,Assimilation,Assimilated Meteorological Fields V5.12.4, Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) [data set], Greenbelt, MD, USA, https://doi.org/10.5067/QBZ6MG944HW0, 2015.
Haase, S. and Matthes, K.: The importance of interactive chemistry for stratosphere–troposphere coupling, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3417–3432, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3417-2019, 2019.
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Horányi, A., Muñoz-Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Abdalla, S., Abellan, X., Balsamo, G., Bechtold, P., Biavati, G., Bidlot, J., Bonavita, M., De Chiara, G., Dahlgren, P., Dee, D., Diamantakis, M., Dragani, R., Flemming, J., Forbes, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A., Haimberger, L., Healy, S., Hogan, R. J., Hólm, E., Janisková, M., Keeley, S., Laloyaux, P., Lopez, P., Lupu, C., Radnoti, G., De Rosnay, P., Rozum, I., Vamborg, F., Villaume, S., and Thépaut, J.: The ERA5 global reanalysis, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 146, 1999–2049, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803, 2020.
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horányi, A., Muñoz Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Dee, D., and Thépaut, J.-N.: ERA5 hourly data on pressure levels from 1940 to present, Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.bd0915c6, 2023.
Hu, D. and Guan, Z.: Relative Effects of the Greenhouse Gases and Stratospheric Ozone Increases on Temperature and Circulation in the Stratosphere over the Arctic, Remote Sensing, 14, 3447, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14143447, 2022.
Hu, D., Guan, Z., and Tian, W.: Signatures of the Arctic Stratospheric Ozone in Northern Hadley Circulation Extent and Subtropical Precipitation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 12340–12349, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085292, 2019a.
Hu, D., Guo, Y., and Guan, Z.: Recent Weakening in the Stratospheric Planetary Wave Intensity in Early Winter, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 3953–3962, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082113, 2019b.
Hu, D., Tian, W., Xie, F., Wang, C., and Zhang, J.: Impacts of stratospheric ozone depletion and recovery on wave propagation in the boreal winter stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 8299–8317, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022855, 2015.
Hu, Y. and Fu, Q.: Stratospheric warming in Southern Hemisphere high latitudes since 1979, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4329–4340, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4329-2009, 2009.
Hu, Y. and Tung, K. K.: Possible Ozone-Induced Long-Term Changes in Planetary Wave Activity in Late Winter, J. Climate, 16, 3207–3038, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<3027:POLCIP>2.0.CO;2, 2003.
Hu, Y., Tian, W., Zhang, J., Wang, T., and Xu, M.: Weakening of Antarctic stratospheric planetary wave activities in early austral spring since the early 2000s: a response to sea surface temperature trends, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1575–1600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1575-2022, 2022.
Hurrell, J. W., Holland, M. M., Gent, P. R., Ghan, S., Kay, J. E., Kushner, P. J., Lamarque, J.-F., Large, W. G., Lawrence, D., Lindsay, K., Lipscomb, W. H., Long, M. C., Mahowald, N., Marsh, D. R., Neale, R. B., Rasch, P., Vavrus, S., Vertenstein, M., Bader, D., Collins, W. D., Hack, J. J., Kiehl, J., and Marshall, S.: The Community Earth System Model: A framework for collaborative research, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 94, 1339–1360, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00121.1, 2013 (code available at: https://github.com/allhandsstudio/cesm-1_2_2.git, last access: 15 September 2022).
IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Climate change 2014: mitigation of climate change: Working Group III contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, ISBN: 978-1-107-05821-7, ISBN: 978-1-107-65481-5, 2014.
IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157896, 2021.
IPCC: Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Core Writing Team, Lee, H., and Romero, J., IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, https://doi.org/10.59327/ipcc/ar6-9789291691647, 2023.
Ivanciu, I., Matthes, K., Biastoch, A., Wahl, S., and Harlaß, J.: Twenty-first-century Southern Hemisphere impacts of ozone recovery and climate change from the stratosphere to the ocean, Weather Clim. Dynam., 3, 139–171, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-139-2022, 2022.
Klobas, J. E., Wilmouth, D. M., Weisenstein, D. K., Anderson, J. G., and Salawitch, R. J.: Ozone depletion following future volcanic eruptions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 7490–7499, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073972, 2017.
Marsh, D. R., Lamarque, J., Conley, A. J., and Polvani, L. M.: Stratospheric ozone chemistry feedbacks are not critical for the determination of climate sensitivity in CESM1(WACCM), Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 3928–3934, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068344, 2016.
McCormack, J. P., Nathan, T. R., and Cordero, E. C.: The effect of zonally asymmetric ozone heating on the Northern Hemisphere winter polar stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L03802, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL045937, 2011.
Meul, S., Dameris, M., Langematz, U., Abalichin, J., Kerschbaumer, A., Kubin, A., and Oberländer-Hayn, S.: Impact of rising greenhouse gas concentrations on future tropical ozone and UV exposure, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 2919–2927, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL067997, 2016.
Monier, E. and Weare, B. C.: Climatology and trends in the forcing of the stratospheric ozone transport, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6311–6323, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-6311-2011, 2011.
Nathan, T. R. and Cordero, E. C.: An ozone-modified refractive index for vertically propagating planetary waves, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, 2006JD007357, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007357, 2007.
Neale, R. B., Richter, J., Park, S., Lauritzen, P. H., Vavrus, S. J., Rasch, P. J., and Zhang, M.: The Mean Climate of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM4) in Forced SST and Fully Coupled Experiments, J. Climate, 26, 5150–5168, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00236.1, 2013.
Newman, P. A., Nash, E. R., and Rosenfield, J. E.: What controls the temperature of the Arctic stratosphere during the spring?, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 19999–20010, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD000061, 2001.
Nowack, P. J., Luke Abraham, N., Maycock, A. C., Braesicke, P., Gregory, J. M., Joshi, M. M., Osprey, A., and Pyle, J. A.: A large ozone-circulation feedback and its implications for global warming assessments, Nat. Clim. Change, 5, 41–45, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2451, 2015.
Ossó, A., Sola, Y., Rosenlof, K., Hassler, B., Bech, J., and Lorente, J.: How Robust Are Trends in the Brewer–Dobson Circulation Derived from Observed Stratospheric Temperatures? J. Climate, 28, 3204–3040, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00295.1, 2015.
Overland, J. E., Dethloff, K., Francis, J. A., Hall, R. J., Hanna, E., Kim, S.-J., Screen, J. A., Shepherd, T. G., and Vihma, T.: Nonlinear response of mid-latitude weather to the changing Arctic, Nat. Clim. Change, 6, 992–999, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3121, 2016.
Petropavlovskikh, I., Godin-Beekmann, S., Hubert, D., Damadeo, R., Hassler, B., and Sofieva, V.: SPARC/IO3C/GAW Report on Long-term Ozone Trends and Uncertainties in the Stratosphere, SPARC Report No. 9, GAW Report No. 241, WCRP Report No. 17/2018, 99 pp., https://doi.org/10.17874/f899e57a20b, 2019.
Rae, C. D., Keeble, J., Hitchcock, P., and Pyle, J. A.: Prescribing Zonally Asymmetric Ozone Climatologies in Climate Models: Performance Compared to a Chemistry-Climate Model, J. Adv. Model Earth Sy., 11, 918–933, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018ms001478, 2019.
Randel, W. J. and Wu, F.: Changes in Column Ozone Correlated with the Stratospheric EP Flux, J. Meteorol Soc. Jpn., 80, 849–862, https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.80.849, 2002.
Ravishankara, A. R., Daniel, J. S., and Portmann, R. W.: Nitrous Oxide (N2O): The Dominant Ozone-Depleting Substance Emitted in the 21st Century, Science, 326, 123–125, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1176985, 2009.
Revell, L. E., Tummon, F., Salawitch, R. J., Stenke, A., and Peter, T.: The changing ozone depletion potential of N2O in a future climate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 10047–10055, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065702, 2015.
Rieder, H. E., Chiodo, G., Fritzer, J., Wienerroither, C., and Polvani, L. M.: Is interactive ozone chemistry important to represent polar cap stratospheric temperature variability in Earth-System Models?, Environ. Res. Lett., 14, 044026, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab07ff, 2019.
Screen, J. A. and Simmonds, I.: The central role of diminishing sea ice in recent Arctic temperature amplification, Nature, 464, 1334–1337, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09051, 2010.
Seppälä, A., Kalakoski, N., Verronen, P. T., Marsh, D. R., Karpechko, A. Yu., and Szelag, M. E.: Polar mesospheric ozone loss initiates downward coupling of solar signal in the Northern Hemisphere, Nat. Commun., 16, 748, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-55966-z, 2025.
Serreze, M. C. and Barry, R. G.: Processes and impacts of Arctic amplification: A research synthesis, Global Planet. Change, 77, 85–96, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2011.03.004, 2011.
Shindell, D. and Faluvegi, G.: Climate response to regional radiative forcing during the twentieth century, Nat. Geosci., 2, 294–300, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo473, 2009.
Sigmond, M. and Fyfe, J. C.: The Antarctic Sea Ice Response to the Ozone Hole in Climate Models, J. Climate, 27, 1336–1342, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00590.1, 2014.
Simpson, I. R., Blackburn, M., and Haigh, J. D.: The Role of Eddies in Driving the Tropospheric Response to Stratospheric Heating Perturbations, J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 1347–1365, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JAS2758.1, 2009.
Smith, K. L. and Polvani, L. M.: The surface impacts of Arctic stratospheric ozone anomalies, Environ. Res. Lett., 9, 074015, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/7/074015, 2014.
Solomon, S., Garciat, R. R., Rowland, F. S., and Wuebbles, D. J.: On the depletion of Antarctic ozone, Nature, 321, 755–758, https://doi.org/10.1038/321755a0, 1986.
Solomon, S., Plattner, G.-K., Knutti, R., and Friedlingstein, P.: Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 1704–1709, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812721106, 2009.
Son, S.-W., Polvani, L. M., Waugh, D. W., Akiyoshi, H., Garcia, R., Kinnison, D., Pawson, S., Rozanov, E., Shepherd, T. G., and Shibata, K.: The Impact of Stratospheric Ozone Recovery on the Southern Hemisphere Westerly Jet, Science, 320, 1486–1489, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1155939, 2008.
Song, B.-G. and Chun, H.-Y.: Residual Mean Circulation and Temperature Changes during the Evolution of Stratospheric Sudden Warming Revealed in MERRA, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2016-729, 2016.
Tett, S. F. B., Mitchell, J. F. B., Parker, D. E., and Allen, M. R.: Human Influence on the Atmospheric Vertical Temperature Structure: Detection and Observations, Science, 274, 1170–1173, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5290.1170, 1996.
Tian, W., Huang, J., Zhang, J., Xie, F., Wang, W., and Peng, Y.: Role of Stratospheric Processes in Climate Change: Advances and Challenges, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1379–1400, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-023-2341-1, 2023.
WMO (World Meteorological Organization): Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project – Report No. 58, 588 pp., Geneva, Switzerland, https://csl.noaa.gov/assessments/ozone/2018/ (last access: 5 July 2024), 2018.
WMO (World Meteorological Organization): Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2022, Global Atmosphere Watch Report No. 278, 509 pp., Geneva, Switzerland, https://library.wmo.int/records/item/58360-scientific- assessment-of-ozone-depletion-2022?language_id=13&back =&offset=2 (last access: 5 July 2024), 2022.
Xia, Y., Hu, Y., and Huang, Y.: Strong modification of stratospheric ozone forcing by cloud and sea-ice adjustments, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 7559–7567, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7559-2016, 2016.
Xie, F., Ma, X., Li, J., Huang, J., Tian, W., Zhang, J., Hu, Y., Sun, C., Zhou, X., Feng, J., and Yang, Y.: An advanced impact of Arctic stratospheric ozone changes on spring precipitation in China, Clim. Dynam., 51, 4029–4041, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4402-1, 2018.
Young, P. J., Rosenlof, K. H., Solomon, S., Sherwood, S. C., Fu, Q., and Lamarque, J.-F.: Changes in Stratospheric Temperatures and Their Implications for Changes in the Brewer–Dobson Circulation, 1979–2005, J. Climate, 25, 1759–1772, https://doi.org/10.1175/2011JCLI4048.1, 2012.
Zhang, J., Xie, F., Tian, W., Han, Y., Zhang, K., Qi, Y., Chipperfield, M., Feng, W., Huang, J., and Shu, J.: Influence of the Arctic Oscillation on the Vertical Distribution of Wintertime Ozone in the Stratosphere and Upper Troposphere over the Northern Hemisphere, J. Climate, 30, 2905–2919, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0651.1, 2017.
Zhang, J., Xie, F., Ma, Z., Zhang, C., Xu, M., Wang, T., and Zhang, R.: Seasonal Evolution of the Quasi-biennial Oscillation Impact on the Northern Hemisphere Polar Vortex in Winter, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 12568–12586, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030966, 2019.
Zhang, J., Tian, W., Xie, F., Pyle, J. A., Keeble, J., and Wang, T.: The Influence of Zonally Asymmetric Stratospheric Ozone Changes on the Arctic Polar Vortex Shift, J. Climate, 33, 4641–4658, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0647.1, 2020.
Zhao, S., Zhang, J., Zhang, C., Xu, M., Keeble, J., Wang, Z., and Xia, X.: Evaluating Long-Term Variability of the Arctic Stratospheric Polar Vortex Simulated by CMIP6 Models, Remote Sens., 14, 4701, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14194701, 2022.
Zhou, S., Miller, A. J., Wang, J., and Angell, J. K.: Trends of NAO and AO and their associations with stratospheric processes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 4107–4110, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013660, 2001.
Short summary
This study explores how ozone–climate interactions affect long-term Arctic stratospheric temperature (AST) changes by isolating the ozone–circulation coupling process. From 1980 to 2000, ozone–climate interactions raise AST in early winter by promoting upward wave propagation and Brewer–Dobson circulation, whereas they decrease AST in late winter and spring by reducing ozone shortwave heating. Our results highlight the impact of ozone–climate interactions on the intraseasonal reversal of AST trends.
This study explores how ozone–climate interactions affect long-term Arctic stratospheric...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint