Articles | Volume 24, issue 15
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8549-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8549-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
01 Aug 2024
Research article |
| 01 Aug 2024
| 01 Aug 2024
Characteristics and sources of nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and O3–NOx–NMVOC relationships in Zhengzhou, China
Dong Zhang
College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
Xiao Li
School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
Minghao Yuan
Environmental Protection Monitoring Center Station of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, 450007, China
Yifei Xu
Environmental Protection Monitoring Center Station of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, 450007, China
Qixiang Xu
School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
Fangcheng Su
School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
Shenbo Wang
School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
Ruiqin Zhang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
Related authors
Bowen Zhang, Dong Zhang, Zhe Dong, Xinshuai Song, Ruiqin Zhang, and Xiao Li
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-575, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-575, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Continuous online VOCs monitoring was carried out at an urban site in a traffic-hub city for two months during the Omicron-infected stage. The characteristics and variations of VOCs in different periods were studied, and their impact on the formation of SOA were evaluated. The work in this manuscript evaluated the influence of the policy variation on VOCs pollution, which will provide some basis for VOCs pollution research and control of pollution sources.
Xinyuan Zhang, Lingling Wang, Nan Wang, Shuangliang Ma, Shenbo Wang, Ruiqin Zhang, Dong Zhang, Mingkai Wang, and Hongyu Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9885–9898, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9885-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9885-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study highlights the importance of the redox reaction of NO2 with SO2 based on actual atmospheric observations. The particle pH in future China is expected to rise steadily. Consequently, this reaction could become a significant source of HONO in China. Therefore, it is crucial to coordinate the control of SO2, NOx, and NH3 emissions to avoid a rapid increase in the particle pH.
Bowen Zhang, Dong Zhang, Zhe Dong, Xinshuai Song, Ruiqin Zhang, and Xiao Li
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-575, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-575, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Continuous online VOCs monitoring was carried out at an urban site in a traffic-hub city for two months during the Omicron-infected stage. The characteristics and variations of VOCs in different periods were studied, and their impact on the formation of SOA were evaluated. The work in this manuscript evaluated the influence of the policy variation on VOCs pollution, which will provide some basis for VOCs pollution research and control of pollution sources.
Shijie Yu, Shenbo Wang, Ruixin Xu, Dong Zhang, Meng Zhang, Fangcheng Su, Xuan Lu, Xiao Li, Ruiqin Zhang, and Lingling Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14859–14878, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14859-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14859-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, the hourly data of 57 VOC species were collected during 2018–2020 at an urban site in Zhengzhou, China. The research of concentrations, source apportionment, and atmospheric environmental implications clearly elucidated the differences in major reactants observed in different seasons and years. Therefore, the control strategy should focus on key species and sources among interannual and seasonal variations. The results can provide references to develop control strategies.
Shijie Yu, Fangcheng Su, Shasha Yin, Shenbo Wang, Ruixin Xu, Bing He, Xiangge Fan, Minghao Yuan, and Ruiqin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15239–15257, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15239-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15239-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study measured 106 VOC species using a GC-MS/FID. Meanwhile, the WRF-CMAQ model was used to investigate the nonlinearity of the O3 response to precursor reductions. This study highlights the effectiveness of stringent emission controls in relation to solvent utilization and coal combustion. However, unreasonable emission reduction may aggravate ozone pollution during control periods. It is suggested that emission-reduction ratios of the precursors (VOC : NOx) should be more than 2.
Qi Hao, Nan Jiang, Ruiqin Zhang, Liuming Yang, and Shengli Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 7087–7102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7087-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7087-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The HONO concentrations during clean, polluted, and severely polluted days were 1.2, 2.3, and 3.7 ppbv. The contributions of the three sources varied under different pollution levels. The proportion of homogenization gradually increased in the second half of the night due to the steady increase in NO. The values of POH+NOnet, CHONO, and Punknown in the severely polluted period were comparatively larger than those in other periods, indicating that HONO participated in many reactions.
Shenbo Wang, Lingling Wang, Yuqing Li, Chen Wang, Weisi Wang, Shasha Yin, and Ruiqin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2719–2734, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2719-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2719-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Synchronous online monitoring was performed in two urban sites and three rural sites in Henan Province. Results show that PM2.5 was more acidic in urban aerosols than that in rural regions, and excess NHx concentrations played a key role in the local particle pH values. Air masses transported from rural and agricultural regions may promote the sulfate formation in urban aerosols. Therefore, ammonia should be involved in the regional strategy for improving the air quality in China.
Related subject area
Subject: Gases | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Measurement report: Elevated atmospheric ammonia may promote particle pH and HONO formation – insights from the COVID-19 pandemic
Measurement report: Vertical and temporal variability in the near-surface ozone production rate and sensitivity in an urban area in the Pearl River Delta region, China
Elevated oxidized mercury in the free troposphere: analytical advances and application at a remote continental mountaintop site
Using observed urban NOx sinks to constrain VOC reactivity and the ozone and radical budget in the Seoul Metropolitan Area
Real-world emission characteristics of VOCs from typical cargo ships and their potential contributions to secondary organic aerosol and O3 under low-sulfur fuel policies
NO3 reactivity during a summer period in a temperate forest below and above the canopy
The role of oceanic ventilation and terrestrial outflow in atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbons over the Chinese marginal seas
Concentration and source changes of nitrous acid (HONO) during the COVID-19 lockdown in Beijing
Deciphering anthropogenic and biogenic contributions to selected non-methane volatile organic compound emissions in an urban area
Emission characteristics of reactive organic gases (ROGs) from industrial volatile chemical products (VCPs) in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China
Measurement report: Enhanced photochemical formation of formic and isocyanic acids in urban regions aloft – insights from tower-based online gradient measurements
Sources of organic gases and aerosol particles and their roles in nighttime particle growth at a rural forested site in southwest Germany
Surface snow bromide and nitrate at Eureka, Canada, in early spring and implications for polar boundary layer chemistry
Opinion: Strengthening research in the Global South – atmospheric science opportunities in South America and Africa
Measurement Report: Urban Ammonia and Amines in Houston, Texas
Consistency evaluation of tropospheric ozone from ozonesonde and IAGOS aircraft observations: vertical distribution, ozonesonde types and station-airport distance
Investigating Carbonyl Compounds above the Amazon Rainforest using PTR-ToF-MS with NO+ Chemical Ionization
Shipping and algae emissions have a major impact on ambient air mixing ratios of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) and methanethiol on Utö Island in the Baltic Sea
Contribution of cooking emissions to the urban volatile organic compounds in Las Vegas, NV
Reanalysis of NOAA H2 observations: implications for the H2 budget
A large role of missing volatile organic compound reactivity from anthropogenic emissions in ozone pollution regulation
Measurement report: Insights into the chemical composition and origin of molecular clusters and potential precursor molecules present in the free troposphere over the southern Indian Ocean: observations from the Maïdo Observatory (2150 m a.s.l., Réunion)
Production of oxygenated volatile organic compounds from the ozonolysis of coastal seawater
Comment on “Transport of substantial stratospheric ozone to the surface by a dying typhoon and shallow convection” by Chen et al. (2022)
Observations of cyanogen bromide (BrCN) in the global troposphere and their relation to polar surface O3 destruction
CO2 and CO temporal variability over Mexico City from ground-based total column and surface measurements
Observations of the vertical distributions of summertime atmospheric pollutants in Nam Co: OH production and source analysis
Individual coal mine methane emissions constrained by eddy covariance measurements: low bias and missing sources
Measurement report: In-flight and ground-based measurements of nitrogen oxide emissions from latest generation jet engines and 100% sustainable aviation fuel
Measurement report: Observations of ground-level ozone concentration gradients perpendicular to the Lake Ontario shoreline
Biomass burning sources control ambient particulate matter but traffic and industrial sources control VOCs and secondary pollutant formation during extreme pollution events in Delhi
Measurement report: The Palau Atmospheric Observatory and its ozonesonde record – continuous monitoring of tropospheric composition and dynamics in the tropical western Pacific
Quantifying SO2 oxidation pathways to atmospheric sulfate using stable sulfur and oxygen isotopes: laboratory simulation and field observation
Influences of downward transport and photochemistry on surface ozone over East Antarctica during austral summer: in situ observations and model simulations
Iodine oxoacids and their roles in sub-3 nm particle growth in polluted urban environments
Intensive photochemical oxidation in the marine atmosphere: evidence from direct radical measurements
Diurnal variations in oxygen and nitrogen isotopes of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide and nitrate: implications for tracing NOx oxidation pathways and emission sources
Multi-year observations of variable incomplete combustion in the New York megacity
Measurement report: Method for evaluating CO2 emissions from a cement plant using atmospheric δ(O2 ∕ N2) and CO2 measurements and its implication for future detection of CO2 capture signals
Aircraft-based mass balance estimate of methane emissions from offshore gas facilities in the southern North Sea
Measurement report: Sources, sinks and lifetime of NOX in a sub-urban temperate forest at night
Parameterizations of US wildfire and prescribed fire emission ratios and emission factors based on FIREX-AQ aircraft measurements
Measurement report: Atmospheric nitrate radical chemistry in the South China Sea influenced by the urban outflow of the Pearl River Delta
The interhemispheric gradient of SF6 in the upper troposphere
Weather regimes and the related atmospheric composition at a Pyrenean observatory characterized by hierarchical clustering of a 5-year data set
Tropospheric bromine monoxide vertical profiles retrieved across the Alaskan Arctic in springtime
Source apportionment of methane emissions from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin using isotopic signatures
Measurement report: Exchange fluxes of HONO over agricultural fields in the North China Plain
HONO chemistry at a suburban site during the EXPLORE-YRD campaign in 2018: formation mechanisms and impacts on O3 production
Evaluation of modelled climatologies of O3, CO, water vapour and NOy in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere using regular in situ observations by passenger aircraft
Xinyuan Zhang, Lingling Wang, Nan Wang, Shuangliang Ma, Shenbo Wang, Ruiqin Zhang, Dong Zhang, Mingkai Wang, and Hongyu Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9885–9898, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9885-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9885-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study highlights the importance of the redox reaction of NO2 with SO2 based on actual atmospheric observations. The particle pH in future China is expected to rise steadily. Consequently, this reaction could become a significant source of HONO in China. Therefore, it is crucial to coordinate the control of SO2, NOx, and NH3 emissions to avoid a rapid increase in the particle pH.
Jun Zhou, Chunsheng Zhang, Aiming Liu, Bin Yuan, Yan Wang, Wenjie Wang, Jie-Ping Zhou, Yixin Hao, Xiao-Bing Li, Xianjun He, Xin Song, Yubin Chen, Suxia Yang, Shuchun Yang, Yanfeng Wu, Bin Jiang, Shan Huang, Junwen Liu, Yuwen Peng, Jipeng Qi, Minhui Deng, Bowen Zhong, Yibo Huangfu, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9805–9826, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9805-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9805-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In-depth understanding of the near-ground vertical variability in photochemical ozone (O3) formation is crucial for mitigating O3 pollution. Utilizing a self-built vertical observation system, a direct net photochemical O3 production rate detection system, and an observation-based model, we diagnosed the vertical distributions and formation mechanism of net photochemical O3 production rates and sensitivity in the Pearl River Delta region, one of the most O3-polluted areas in China.
Eleanor J. Derry, Tyler R. Elgiar, Taylor Y. Wilmot, Nicholas W. Hoch, Noah S. Hirshorn, Peter Weiss-Penzias, Christopher F. Lee, John C. Lin, A. Gannet Hallar, Rainer Volkamer, Seth N. Lyman, and Lynne E. Gratz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9615–9643, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9615-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9615-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mercury (Hg) is a globally distributed neurotoxic pollutant. Atmospheric deposition is the main source of Hg in ecosystems. However, measurement biases hinder understanding of the origins and abundance of the more bioavailable oxidized form. We used an improved, calibrated measurement system to study air mass composition and transport of atmospheric Hg at a remote mountaintop site in the central US. Oxidized Hg originated upwind in the low to middle free troposphere under clean, dry conditions.
Benjamin A. Nault, Katherine R. Travis, James H. Crawford, Donald R. Blake, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Ronald C. Cohen, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Samuel R. Hall, L. Gregory Huey, Jose L. Jimenez, Kyung-Eun Kim, Young Ro Lee, Isobel J. Simpson, Kirk Ullmann, and Armin Wisthaler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9573–9595, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9573-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9573-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone (O3) is a pollutant formed from the reactions of gases emitted from various sources. In urban areas, the density of human activities can increase the O3 formation rate (P(O3)), thus impacting air quality and health. Observations collected over Seoul, South Korea, are used to constrain P(O3). A high local P(O3) was found; however, local P(O3) was partly reduced due to compounds typically ignored. These observations also provide constraints for unmeasured compounds that will impact P(O3).
Fan Zhang, Binyu Xiao, Zeyu Liu, Yan Zhang, Chongguo Tian, Rui Li, Can Wu, Yali Lei, Si Zhang, Xinyi Wan, Yubao Chen, Yong Han, Min Cui, Cheng Huang, Hongli Wang, Yingjun Chen, and Gehui Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8999–9017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8999-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8999-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mandatory use of low-sulfur fuel due to global sulfur limit regulations means large uncertainties in volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. On-board tests of VOCs from nine cargo ships in China were carried out. Results showed that switching from heavy-fuel oil to diesel increased emission factor VOCs by 48 % on average, enhancing O3 and the secondary organic aerosol formation potential. Thus, implementing a global ultra-low-sulfur oil policy needs to be optimized in the near future.
Patrick Dewald, Tobias Seubert, Simone T. Andersen, Gunther N. T. E. Türk, Jan Schuladen, Max R. McGillen, Cyrielle Denjean, Jean-Claude Etienne, Olivier Garrouste, Marina Jamar, Sergio Harb, Manuela Cirtog, Vincent Michoud, Mathieu Cazaunau, Antonin Bergé, Christopher Cantrell, Sebastien Dusanter, Bénédicte Picquet-Varrault, Alexandre Kukui, Chaoyang Xue, Abdelwahid Mellouki, Jos Lelieveld, and John N. Crowley
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8983–8997, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8983-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8983-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In the scope of a field campaign in a suburban forest near Paris in the summer of 2022, we measured the reactivity of the nitrate radical NO3 towards biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs; e.g. monoterpenes) mainly below but also above the canopy. NO3 reactivity was the highest during nights with strong temperature inversions and decreased strongly with height. Reactions with BVOCs were the main removal process of NO3 throughout the diel cycle below the canopy.
Jian Wang, Lei Xue, Qianyao Ma, Feng Xu, Gaobin Xu, Shibo Yan, Jiawei Zhang, Jianlong Li, Honghai Zhang, Guiling Zhang, and Zhaohui Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8721–8736, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8721-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8721-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the distribution and sources of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in the lower atmosphere over the marginal seas of China. NMHCs, a subset of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), play a crucial role in atmospheric chemistry. Derived from systematic atmospheric sampling in coastal cities and marginal sea regions, this study offers valuable insights into the interaction between land and sea in shaping offshore atmospheric NMHCs.
Yusheng Zhang, Feixue Zheng, Zemin Feng, Chaofan Lian, Weigang Wang, Xiaolong Fan, Wei Ma, Zhuohui Lin, Chang Li, Gen Zhang, Chao Yan, Ying Zhang, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Federico Bianch, Tuukka Petäjä, Juha Kangasluoma, Markku Kulmala, and Yongchun Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8569–8587, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8569-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8569-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The nitrous acid (HONO) budget was validated during a COVID-19 lockdown event. The main conclusions are (1) HONO concentrations showed a significant decrease from 0.97 to 0.53 ppb during lockdown; (2) vehicle emissions accounted for 53 % of nighttime sources, with the heterogeneous conversion of NO2 on ground surfaces more important than aerosol; and (3) the dominant daytime source shifted from the homogenous reaction between NO and OH (51 %) to nitrate photolysis (53 %) during lockdown.
Arianna Peron, Martin Graus, Marcus Striednig, Christian Lamprecht, Georg Wohlfahrt, and Thomas Karl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7063–7083, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7063-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7063-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The anthropogenic fraction of non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC) emissions associated with biogenic sources (e.g., terpenes) is investigated based on eddy covariance observations. The anthropogenic fraction of terpene emissions is strongly dependent on season. When analyzing volatile chemical product (VCP) emissions in urban environments, we caution that observations from short-term campaigns might over-/underestimate their significance depending on local and seasonal circumstances.
Sihang Wang, Bin Yuan, Xianjun He, Ru Cui, Xin Song, Yubin Chen, Caihong Wu, Chaomin Wang, Yibo Huangfu, Xiao-Bing Li, Boguang Wang, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7101–7121, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7101-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7101-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Emissions of reactive organic gases from industrial volatile chemical product sources are measured. There are large differences among these industrial sources. We show that oxygenated species account for significant contributions to reactive organic gas emissions, especially for industrial sources utilizing water-borne chemicals.
Qing Yang, Xiao-Bing Li, Bin Yuan, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Yibo Huangfu, Lei Yang, Xianjun He, Jipeng Qi, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6865–6882, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6865-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6865-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Online vertical gradient measurements of formic and isocyanic acids were made based on a 320 m tower in a megacity. Vertical variations and sources of the two acids were analyzed in this study. We find that formic and isocyanic acids exhibited positive vertical gradients and were mainly contributed by photochemical formations. The formation of formic and isocyanic acids was also significantly enhanced in urban regions aloft.
Junwei Song, Harald Saathoff, Feng Jiang, Linyu Gao, Hengheng Zhang, and Thomas Leisner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6699–6717, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6699-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6699-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents concurrent online measurements of organic gas and particles (VOCs and OA) at a forested site in summer. Both VOCs and OA were largely contributed by oxygenated organic compounds. Semi-volatile oxygenated OA and organic nitrate formed from monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes contributed significantly to nighttime particle growth. The results help us to understand the causes of nighttime particle growth regularly observed in summer in central European rural forested environments.
Xin Yang, Kimberly Strong, Alison S. Criscitiello, Marta Santos-Garcia, Kristof Bognar, Xiaoyi Zhao, Pierre Fogal, Kaley A. Walker, Sara M. Morris, and Peter Effertz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5863–5886, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5863-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5863-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses snow samples collected from a Canadian high Arctic site, Eureka, to demonstrate that surface snow in early spring is a net sink of atmospheric bromine and nitrogen. Surface snow bromide and nitrate are significantly correlated, indicating the oxidation of reactive nitrogen is accelerated by reactive bromine. In addition, we show evidence that snow photochemical release of reactive bromine is very weak, and its emission flux is much smaller than the deposition flux of bromide.
Rebecca M. Garland, Katye E. Altieri, Laura Dawidowski, Laura Gallardo, Aderiana Mbandi, Nestor Y. Rojas, and N'datchoh E. Touré
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5757–5764, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5757-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5757-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This opinion piece focuses on two geographical areas in the Global South where the authors are based that are underrepresented in atmospheric science. This opinion provides context on common challenges and constraints, with suggestions on how the community can address these. The focus is on the strengths of atmospheric science research in these regions. It is these strengths, we believe, that highlight the critical role of Global South researchers in the future of atmospheric science research.
Lee Tiszenkel, James Flynn, and Shan-Hu Lee
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1230, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1230, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia and amines are important ingredients for aerosol formation in urban environments, but the measurements of these compounds are extremely challenging. Our observations show that urban ammonia and amines in Houston are emitted from urban sources and diurnal variations of their concentrations are governed by gas-to-particle conversion processes.
Honglei Wang, David W. Tarasick, Jane Liu, Herman G. J. Smit, Roeland Van Malderen, Lijuan Shen, and Tianliang Zhao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1015, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1015, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we identify 23 suitable pairs of sites in the WOUDC and IAGOS datasets from 1995 to 2021, compare the average vertical distribution of tropospheric O3 shown by ozonesonde and aircraft measurements, and analyze their differences by ozonesonde type and by station-airport distance.
Akima Ringsdorf, Achim Edtbauer, Bruna Holanda, Christopher Poehlker, Marta O. Sá, Alessandro Araújo, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Jos Lelieveld, and Jonathan Williams
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1210, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1210, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We show the average height distribution of separately observed aldehydes and ketones over a day and discuss their rainforest-specific sources and sinks and their seasonal changes above the Amazon rainforest. Ketones have much longer atmospheric lifetimes than aldehydes, and thus different implications for atmospheric chemistry. However, they are commonly observed together, which we overcome by measuring with a NO+ chemical ionization mass spectrometer for the first time in the Amazon rainforest.
Heidi Hellén, Rostislav Kouznetsov, Kaisa Kraft, Jukka Seppälä, Mika Vestenius, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Lauri Laakso, and Hannele Hakola
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4717–4731, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4717-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4717-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mixing ratios of C2-C5 NMHCs and methanethiol were measured on an island in the Baltic Sea using an in situ gas chromatograph. Shipping emissions were found to be an important source of ethene, ethyne, propene, and benzene. High summertime mixing ratios of methanethiol and dependence of mixing ratios on seawater temperature and height indicated the biogenic origin to possibly be phytoplankton or macroalgae. These emissions may have a strong impact on SO2 production and new particle formation.
Matthew M. Coggon, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Lu Xu, Jeff Peischl, Jessica B. Gilman, Aaron Lamplugh, Henry J. Bowman, Kenneth Aikin, Colin Harkins, Qindan Zhu, Rebecca H. Schwantes, Jian He, Meng Li, Karl Seltzer, Brian McDonald, and Carsten Warneke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4289–4304, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4289-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4289-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Residential and commercial cooking emits pollutants that degrade air quality. Here, ambient observations show that cooking is an important contributor to anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted in Las Vegas, NV. These emissions are not fully presented in air quality models, and more work may be needed to quantify emissions from important sources, such as commercial restaurants.
Fabien Paulot, Gabrielle Pétron, Andrew M. Crotwell, and Matteo B. Bertagni
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4217–4229, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4217-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4217-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
New data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration show that hydrogen (H2) concentrations increased from 2010 to 2019, which is consistent with the simulated increase in H2 photochemical production (mainly from methane). But this cannot be reconciled with the expected decrease (increase) in H2 anthropogenic emissions (soil deposition) in the same period. This shows gaps in our knowledge of the H2 biogeochemical cycle that must be resolved to quantify the impact of higher H2 usage.
Wenjie Wang, Bin Yuan, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Jipeng Qi, Sihang Wang, Wei Song, Xinming Wang, Chaoyang Xue, Chaoqun Ma, Fengxia Bao, Hongli Wang, Shengrong Lou, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4017–4027, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4017-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4017-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the important role of unmeasured volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ozone formation. Based on results in a megacity of China, we show that unmeasured VOCs can contribute significantly to ozone fomation and also influence the determination of ozone control strategy. Our results show that these unmeasured VOCs are mainly from human sources.
Romain Salignat, Matti Rissanen, Siddharth Iyer, Jean-Luc Baray, Pierre Tulet, Jean-Marc Metzger, Jérôme Brioude, Karine Sellegri, and Clémence Rose
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3785–3812, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3785-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3785-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using mass spectrometry data collected at the Maïdo Observatory (2160 m a.s.l., Réunion), we provide the first detailed analysis of molecular cluster chemical composition specifically in the marine free troposphere. The abundance of the identified species is related both to in situ meteorological parameters and air mass history, which also provide insight into their origin. Our work makes an important contribution to documenting the chemistry and physics of the marine free troposphere.
Delaney B. Kilgour, Gordon A. Novak, Megan S. Claflin, Brian M. Lerner, and Timothy H. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3729–3742, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3729-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3729-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Laboratory experiments with seawater mimics suggest ozone deposition to the surface ocean can be a source of reactive carbon to the marine atmosphere. We conduct both field and laboratory measurements to assess abiotic VOC composition and yields from ozonolysis of real surface seawater. We show that C5–C11 aldehydes contribute to the observed VOC emission flux. We estimate that VOCs generated by the ozonolysis of surface seawater are competitive with biological VOC production and emission.
Xiangdong Zheng, Wen Yang, Yuting Sun, Chunmei Geng, Yingying Liu, and Xiaobin Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3759–3768, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3759-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3759-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Chen et al. (2022) attributed the nocturnal ozone enhancement (NOE) during the night of 31 July 2021 in the North China Plain (NCP) to "the direct stratospheric intrusion to reach the surface". We analyzed in situ data from the NCP. Our results do not suggest that there was a significant impact from the stratosphere on surface ozone during the NOE. We argue that the NOE was not caused by stratospheric intrusion but originated from fresh photochemical production in the lower troposphere.
James M. Roberts, Siyuan Wang, Patrick R. Veres, J. Andrew Neuman, Michael A. Robinson, Ilann Bourgeois, Jeff Peischl, Thomas B. Ryerson, Chelsea R. Thompson, Hannah M. Allen, John D. Crounse, Paul O. Wennberg, Samuel R. Hall, Kirk Ullmann, Simone Meinardi, Isobel J. Simpson, and Donald Blake
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3421–3443, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3421-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3421-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We measured cyanogen bromide (BrCN) in the troposphere for the first time. BrCN is a product of the same active bromine chemistry that destroys ozone and removes mercury in polar surface environments and is a previously unrecognized sink for active Br compounds. BrCN has an apparent lifetime against heterogeneous loss in the range 1–10 d, so it serves as a cumulative marker of Br-radical chemistry. Accounting for BrCN chemistry is an important part of understanding polar Br cycling.
Noémie Taquet, Wolfgang Stremme, María Eugenia Gonzalez del Castillo, Victor Almanza, Alejandro Bezanilla, Olivier Laurent, Carlos Alberti, Frank Hase, Michel Ramonet, Thomas Lauvaux, Ke Che, and Michel Grutter
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-512, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-512, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the variability of CO and CO2 and their ratio over Mexico City from long-term time-resolved FTIR solar absorption and surface measurements. Using the average intraday CO growth rate from total columns and TROPOMI measurements, we additionally estimate the interannual variability of CO and CO2 anthropogenic emissions of the City and relate it to the main influencing events of the last decade, such as the COVID-19 lock-down.
Chengzhi Xing, Cheng Liu, Chunxiang Ye, Xiangguang Ji, Jingkai Xue, Jinping Ou, Hongyu Wu, and Qihou Hu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-461, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-461, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We learned the contributions of O3 and HONO to the production rates of OH in vertical space on the TP. A new insight was offered: the contributions of HONO and O3 to the production rates of OH on the TP are even greater than at lower-altitudes areas. This study will enrich the new understanding of vertical distribution of atmospheric components and explained the strong AOC on the TP.
Kai Qin, Wei Hu, Qin He, Fan Lu, and Jason Blake Cohen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3009–3028, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3009-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3009-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We compute CH4 emissions and uncertainty on a mine-by-mine basis, including underground, overground, and abandoned mines. Mine-by-mine gas and flux data and 30 min observations from a flux tower located next to a mine shaft are integrated. The observed variability and bias correction are propagated over the emissions dataset, demonstrating that daily observations may not cover the range of variability. Comparisons show both an emissions magnitude and spatial mismatch with current inventories.
Theresa Harlass, Rebecca Dischl, Stefan Kaufmann, Raphael Märkl, Daniel Sauer, Monika Scheibe, Paul Stock, Tiziana Bräuer, Andreas Dörnbrack, Anke Roiger, Hans Schlager, Ulrich Schumann, Tobias Schripp, Tobias Grein, Linda Bondorf, Charles Renard, Maxime Gauthier, Mark Johnson, Darren Luff, Paul Madden, Peter Swann, Denise Ahrens, Reetu Sallinen, and Christiane Voigt
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-454, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-454, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Emissions from aircraft have a direct impact on our climate. Here, we present airborne and ground based measurement data of nitrogen oxides which were collected in the exhaust of an Airbus aircraft. We study the impact of burning fossil and sustainable aviation fuel on nitrogen oxide emissions at different engine settings related to combustor temperature, pressure and fuel flow. Further, we compare observations with engine emission models.
Yao Yan Huang and D. James Donaldson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2387–2398, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2387-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2387-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ground-level ozone interacts at the lake–land boundary; this is important to our understanding and modelling of atmospheric chemistry and air pollution in the lower atmosphere. We show that a steep ozone gradient occurs year-round moving inland up to 1 km from the lake and that this gradient is influenced by seasonal factors on the local land environment, where more rural areas are more greatly affected seasonally.
Arpit Awasthi, Baerbel Sinha, Haseeb Hakkim, Sachin Mishra, Varkrishna Mummidivarapu, Gurmanjot Singh, Sachin D. Ghude, Vijay Kumar Soni, Narendra Nigam, Vinayak Sinha, and Madhavan N. Rajeevan
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-501, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-501, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study uses a data set of 111 VOCs from a PTR-ToF-MS 10k, PM10 and PM2.5 in a PMF source-receptor model to resolve 11 pollution sources validated with chemical fingerprints collected at the source. Crop residue burning and heating contribute ~50 % of the PM, while traffic and industrial emissions dominate the gas-phase VOCs burden and SOA formation potential (>60 %). Non-tailpipe emissions from CNG powered commercial vehicles dominate the transport sector contribution to the PM burden.
Katrin Müller, Jordis S. Tradowsky, Peter von der Gathen, Christoph Ritter, Sharon Patris, Justus Notholt, and Markus Rex
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2169–2193, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2169-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2169-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Palau Atmospheric Observatory is introduced as an ideal site to detect changes in atmospheric composition and dynamics above the remote tropical western Pacific. We focus on the ozone sounding program from 2016–2021, including El Niño 2016. The year-round high convective activity is reflected in dominant low tropospheric ozone and high relative humidity. Their seasonal distributions are unique compared to other tropical sites and are modulated by the Intertropical Convergence Zone.
Ziyan Guo, Keding Lu, Pengxiang Qiu, Mingyi Xu, and Zhaobing Guo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2195–2205, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2195-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2195-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The formation of secondary sulfate needs to be further explored. In this work, we simultaneously measured sulfur and oxygen isotopic compositions to gain an increased understanding of specific sulfate formation processes. The results indicated that secondary sulfate was mainly ascribed to SO2 homogeneous oxidation by OH radicals and heterogeneous oxidation by H2O2 and Fe3+ / O2. This study is favourable for deeply investigating the sulfur cycle in the atmosphere.
Imran A. Girach, Narendra Ojha, Prabha R. Nair, Kandula V. Subrahmanyam, Neelakantan Koushik, Mohammed M. Nazeer, Nadimpally Kiran Kumar, Surendran Nair Suresh Babu, Jos Lelieveld, and Andrea Pozzer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1979–1995, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1979-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1979-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate surface ozone variability in East Antarctica based on measurements and EMAC global model simulations during austral summer. Nearly half of the surface ozone is found to be of stratospheric origin. The east coast of Antarctica acts as a stronger sink of ozone than surrounding regions. Photochemical loss of ozone is counterbalanced by downward transport of ozone. The study highlights the intertwined role of chemistry and dynamics in governing ozone variations over East Antarctica.
Ying Zhang, Duzitian Li, Xu-Cheng He, Wei Nie, Chenjuan Deng, Runlong Cai, Yuliang Liu, Yishuo Guo, Chong Liu, Yiran Li, Liangduo Chen, Yuanyuan Li, Chenjie Hua, Tingyu Liu, Zongcheng Wang, Jiali Xie, Lei Wang, Tuukka Petäjä, Federico Bianchi, Ximeng Qi, Xuguang Chi, Pauli Paasonen, Yongchun Liu, Chao Yan, Jingkun Jiang, Aijun Ding, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1873–1893, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1873-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1873-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study conducts a long-term observation of gaseous iodine oxoacids in two Chinese megacities, revealing their ubiquitous presence with peak concentrations (up to 0.1 pptv) in summer. Our analysis suggests a mix of terrestrial and marine sources for iodine. Additionally, iodic acid is identified as a notable contributor to sub-3 nm particle growth and particle survival probability.
Guoxian Zhang, Renzhi Hu, Pinhua Xie, Changjin Hu, Xiaoyan Liu, Liujun Zhong, Haotian Cai, Bo Zhu, Shiyong Xia, Xiaofeng Huang, Xin Li, and Wenqing Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1825–1839, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1825-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1825-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Comprehensive observation of HOx radicals was conducted at a coastal site in the Pearl River Delta. Radical chemistry was influenced by different air masses in a time-dependent way. Land mass promotes a more active photochemical process, with daily averages of 7.1 × 106 and 5.2 × 108 cm−3 for OH and HO2 respectively. The rapid oxidation process was accompanied by a higher diurnal HONO concentration, which influences the ozone-sensitive system and eventually magnifies the background ozone.
Sarah Albertin, Joël Savarino, Slimane Bekki, Albane Barbero, Roberto Grilli, Quentin Fournier, Irène Ventrillard, Nicolas Caillon, and Kathy Law
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1361–1388, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1361-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1361-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study reports the first simultaneous records of oxygen (Δ17O) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrate (NO3−). These data are combined with atmospheric observations to explore sub-daily N reactive chemistry and quantify N fractionation effects in an Alpine winter city. The results highlight the necessity of using Δ17O and δ15N in both NO2 and NO3− to avoid biased estimations of NOx sources and fates from NO3− isotopic records in urban winter environments.
Luke D. Schiferl, Cong Cao, Bronte Dalton, Andrew Hallward-Driemeier, Ricardo Toledo-Crow, and Róisín Commane
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-83, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-83, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an air pollutant and an important indicator of the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels in cities. Using four years of winter and spring observations in New York City, we found that both the magnitude and variability of CO from the metropolitan area are greater than expected. Transportation emissions cannot explain the missing and variable CO, which points to energy from buildings as a likely underappreciated source of urban air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
Shigeyuki Ishidoya, Kazuhiro Tsuboi, Hiroaki Kondo, Kentaro Ishijima, Nobuyuki Aoki, Hidekazu Matsueda, and Kazuyuki Saito
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1059–1077, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1059-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1059-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A method evaluating techniques for carbon neutrality, such as carbon capture and storage (CCS), is important. This study presents a method to evaluate CO2 emissions from a cement plant based on atmospheric O2 and CO2 measurements. The method will also be useful for evaluating CO2 capture from flue gas at CCS plants, since the plants remove CO2 from the atmosphere without causing any O2 changes, just as cement plants do, differing only in the direction of CO2 exchange with the atmosphere.
Magdalena Pühl, Anke Roiger, Alina Fiehn, Alan M. Gorchov Negron, Eric A. Kort, Stefan Schwietzke, Ignacio Pisso, Amy Foulds, James Lee, James L. France, Anna E. Jones, Dave Lowry, Rebecca E. Fisher, Langwen Huang, Jacob Shaw, Prudence Bateson, Stephen Andrews, Stuart Young, Pamela Dominutti, Tom Lachlan-Cope, Alexandra Weiss, and Grant Allen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1005–1024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1005-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1005-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In April–May 2019 we carried out an airborne field campaign in the southern North Sea with the aim of studying methane emissions of offshore gas installations. We determined methane emissions from elevated methane measured downstream of the sampled installations. We compare our measured methane emissions with estimated methane emissions from national and global annual inventories. As a result, we find inconsistencies of inventories and large discrepancies between measurements and inventories.
Simone T. Andersen, Max R. McGillen, Chaoyang Xue, Tobias Seubert, Patrick Dewald, Gunther N. T. E. Türk, Jan Schuladen, Cyrielle Denjean, Jean-Claude Etienne, Olivier Garrouste, Marina Jamar, Sergio Harb, Manuela Cirtog, Vincent Michoud, Mathieu Cazaunau, Antonin Bergé, Christopher Cantrell, Sebastien Dusanter, Bénédicte Picquet-Varrault, Alexandre Kukui, Abdelwahid Mellouki, Lucy J. Carpenter, Jos Lelieveld, and John N. Crowley
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2848, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2848, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Through measurements of various trace gases in a sub-urban forest near Paris in the summer of 2022 we were able to gain insight into the sources and sinks of NOx (NO+NO2) with a special focus on their nighttime chemical/physical loss processes. NO was observed as a result of nighttime soil emissions when ozone levels were strongly depleted by deposition. NO oxidation products were not observed at night indicating that soil and/or foliar surfaces are an efficient sink of reactive nitrogen.
Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Matthew M. Coggon, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, Hannah Allen, Eric C. Apel, Megan M. Bela, Donald R. Blake, Ilann Bourgeois, Steven S. Brown, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jason M. St. Clair, James H. Crawford, John D. Crounse, Douglas A. Day, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Alan Fried, Jessica B. Gilman, Hongyu Guo, Johnathan W. Hair, Hannah S. Halliday, Thomas F. Hanisco, Reem Hannun, Alan Hills, L. Gregory Huey, Jose L. Jimenez, Joseph M. Katich, Aaron Lamplugh, Young Ro Lee, Jin Liao, Jakob Lindaas, Stuart A. McKeen, Tomas Mikoviny, Benjamin A. Nault, J. Andrew Neuman, John B. Nowak, Demetrios Pagonis, Jeff Peischl, Anne E. Perring, Felix Piel, Pamela S. Rickly, Michael A. Robinson, Andrew W. Rollins, Thomas B. Ryerson, Melinda K. Schueneman, Rebecca H. Schwantes, Joshua P. Schwarz, Kanako Sekimoto, Vanessa Selimovic, Taylor Shingler, David J. Tanner, Laura Tomsche, Krystal T. Vasquez, Patrick R. Veres, Rebecca Washenfelder, Petter Weibring, Paul O. Wennberg, Armin Wisthaler, Glenn M. Wolfe, Caroline C. Womack, Lu Xu, Katherine Ball, Robert J. Yokelson, and Carsten Warneke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 929–956, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-929-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-929-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study reports emissions of gases and particles from wildfires. These emissions are related to chemical proxies that can be measured by satellite and incorporated into models to improve predictions of wildfire impacts on air quality and climate.
Jie Wang, Haichao Wang, Yee Jun Tham, Lili Ming, Zelong Zheng, Guizhen Fang, Cuizhi Sun, Zhenhao Ling, Jun Zhao, and Shaojia Fan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 977–992, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-977-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-977-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Many works report NO3 chemistry in inland regions while less target marine regions. We measured N2O5 and related species on a typical island and found intensive nighttime chemistry and rapid NO3 loss. NO contributed significantly to NO3 loss despite its sub-ppbv level, suggesting nocturnal NO3 reactions would be largely enhanced once free from NO emissions in the open ocean. This highlights the strong influences of urban outflow on downward marine areas in terms of nighttime chemistry.
Tanja J. Schuck, Johannes Degen, Eric Hintsa, Peter Hoor, Markus Jesswein, Timo Keber, Daniel Kunkel, Fred Moore, Florian Obersteiner, Matt Rigby, Thomas Wagenhäuser, Luke M. Western, Andreas Zahn, and Andreas Engel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 689–705, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-689-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-689-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We study the interhemispheric gradient of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), a strong long-lived greenhouse gas. Its emissions are stronger in the Northern Hemisphere; therefore, mixing ratios in the Southern Hemisphere lag behind. Comparing the observations to a box model, the model predicts air in the Southern Hemisphere to be older. For a better agreement, the emissions used as model input need to be increased (and their spatial pattern changed), and we need to modify north–south transport.
Jérémy Gueffier, François Gheusi, Marie Lothon, Véronique Pont, Alban Philibert, Fabienne Lohou, Solène Derrien, Yannick Bezombes, Gilles Athier, Yves Meyerfeld, Antoine Vial, and Emmanuel Leclerc
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 287–316, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-287-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-287-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the link between weather regime and atmospheric composition at a Pyrenean observatory. Five years of meteorological data were synchronized on a daily basis and then, using a clustering method, separated into six groups of observation days, with most showing marked characteristics of different weather regimes (fair and disturbed weather, winter windstorms, foehn). Statistical differences in gas and particle concentrations appeared between the groups and are discussed.
Nathaniel Brockway, Peter K. Peterson, Katja Bigge, Kristian D. Hajny, Paul B. Shepson, Kerri A. Pratt, Jose D. Fuentes, Tim Starn, Robert Kaeser, Brian H. Stirm, and William R. Simpson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 23–40, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-23-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-23-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Bromine monoxide (BrO) strongly affects atmospheric chemistry in the springtime Arctic, yet there are still many uncertainties around its sources and recycling, particularly in the context of a rapidly changing Arctic. In this study, we observed BrO as a function of altitude above the Alaskan Arctic. We found that BrO was often most concentrated near the ground, confirming the ability of snow to produce and recycle reactive bromine, and identified four common vertical distributions of BrO.
Alina Fiehn, Maximilian Eckl, Julian Kostinek, Michał Gałkowski, Christoph Gerbig, Michael Rothe, Thomas Röckmann, Malika Menoud, Hossein Maazallahi, Martina Schmidt, Piotr Korbeń, Jarosław Neçki, Mila Stanisavljević, Justyna Swolkień, Andreas Fix, and Anke Roiger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15749–15765, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15749-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15749-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
During the CoMet mission in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) ground-based and airborne air samples were taken and analyzed for the isotopic composition of CH4 to derive the mean signature of the USCB and source signatures of individual coal mines. Using δ2H signatures, the biogenic emissions from the USCB account for 15 %–50 % of total emissions, which is underestimated in common emission inventories. This demonstrates the importance of δ2H-CH4 observations for methane source apportionment.
Yifei Song, Chaoyang Xue, Yuanyuan Zhang, Pengfei Liu, Fengxia Bao, Xuran Li, and Yujing Mu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15733–15747, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15733-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15733-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present measurements of HONO flux and related parameters over an agricultural field during a whole growing season of summer maize. This dataset allows studies on the characteristics and influencing factors of soil HONO emissions, determination of HONO emission factors, estimation of total HONO emissions at a national scale, and the discussion on future environmental policies in terms of mitigating regional air pollution.
Can Ye, Keding Lu, Xuefei Ma, Wanyi Qiu, Shule Li, Xinping Yang, Chaoyang Xue, Tianyu Zhai, Yuhan Liu, Xuan Li, Yang Li, Haichao Wang, Zhaofeng Tan, Xiaorui Chen, Huabin Dong, Limin Zeng, Min Hu, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15455–15472, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15455-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15455-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, combining comprehensive field measurements and a box model, we found NO2 conversion on the ground surface was the most important source for HONO production among the proposed heterogeneous and gas-phase HONO sources. In addition, HONO was found to evidently enhance O3 production and aggravate O3 pollution in summer in China. Our study improved our understanding of the relative importance of different HONO sources and the crucial role of HONO in O3 formation in polluted areas.
Yann Cohen, Didier Hauglustaine, Bastien Sauvage, Susanne Rohs, Patrick Konjari, Ulrich Bundke, Andreas Petzold, Valérie Thouret, Andreas Zahn, and Helmut Ziereis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14973–15009, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14973-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14973-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS) is a key region regarding the lower atmospheric composition. This study consists of a comprehensive evaluation of an up-to-date chemistry–climate model in this layer, using regular in situ measurements based on passenger aircraft. For this purpose, a specific software (Interpol-IAGOS) has been updated and made publicly available. The model reproduces the carbon monoxide peaks due to biomass burning over the continental tropics particularly well.
Cited articles
An, J., Zhu, B., Wang, H., Li, Y., Lin, X., and Yang, H.: Characteristics and source apportionment of VOCs measured in an industrial area of Nanjing, Yangtze River Delta, China, Atmos. Environ., 97, 206–214, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.08.021, 2014.
Andreae, M. O. and Merlet, P.: Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 15, 955–966, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GB001382, 2001.
Barletta, B., Meinardi, S., Sherwood Rowland, F., Chan, C.-Y., Wang, X., Zou, S., Yin Chan, L., and Blake, D. R.: Volatile organic compounds in 43 Chinese cities, Atmos. Environ., 39, 5979–5990, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.06.029, 2005.
Billionnet, C., Gay, E., Kirchner, S., Leynaert, B., and Annesi-Maesano, I.: Quantitative assessments of indoor air pollution and respiratory health in a population-based sample of French dwellings, Environ. Res., 111, 425–434, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2011.02.008, 2011.
Blake, D. R. and Rowland, F. S.: Urban Leakage of Liquefied Petroleum Gas and Its Impact on Mexico City Air Quality, Science, 269, 953–956, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.269.5226.953, 1995.
Bon, D. M., Ulbrich, I. M., de Gouw, J. A., Warneke, C., Kuster, W. C., Alexander, M. L., Baker, A., Beyersdorf, A. J., Blake, D., Fall, R., Jimenez, J. L., Herndon, S. C., Huey, L. G., Knighton, W. B., Ortega, J., Springston, S., and Vargas, O.: Measurements of volatile organic compounds at a suburban ground site (T1) in Mexico City during the MILAGRO 2006 campaign: measurement comparison, emission ratios, and source attribution, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 2399–2421, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2399-2011, 2011.
Brown, S. G., Frankel, A., and Hafner, H. R.: Source apportionment of VOCs in the Los Angeles area using Positive Matrix Factorization, Atmos. Environ., 41, 227–237, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.08.021, 2007.
Callén, M. S., Iturmendi, A., and López, J. M.: Source apportionment of atmospheric PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a PMF receptor model. Assessment of potential risk for human health, Environ. Pollut., 195, 167–177, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.08.025, 2014.
Cardelino, C. A. and Chameides, W. L.: An observation-based model for analyzing ozone precursor relationships in the urban atmosphere, J. Air Waste Manage., 45, 161–180, https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.1995.10467356, 1995.
Cardelino, C. A. and Chameides, W. L.: The application of data from photochemical assessment monitoring stations to the observation-based model, Atmos. Environ., 34, 2325–2332, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00469-0, 2000.
Carslaw, D. C. and Ropkins, K.: openair – An R package for air quality data analysis, Environ. Modell. Softw., 27–28, 52–61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.09.008, 2012.
Chameides, W. L., Fehsenfeld, F., Rodgers, M. O., Cardelino, C., Martinez, J., Parrish, D., Lonneman, W., Lawson, D. R., Rasmussen, R. A., Zimmerman, P., Greenberg, J., Middleton, P., and Wang, T.: Ozone precursor relationships in the ambient atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 97, 6037–6055, https://doi.org/10.1029/91jd03014, 1992.
Chen, D., Xu, Y., Xu, J., Lian, M., Zhang, W., Wu, W., Wu, M., and Zhao, J.: The Vertical Distribution of VOCs and Their Impact on the Environment: A Review, Atmosphere, 13, 1940, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13121940, 2022a.
Chen, D., Zhou, L., Wang, C., Liu, H., Qiu, Y., Shi, G., Song, D., Tan, Q., and Yang, F.: Characteristics of ambient volatile organic compounds during spring O3 pollution episode in Chengdu, China, J. Environ. Sci., 114, 115–125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2021.08.014, 2022b.
Chen, L., Zhu, J., Liao, H., Yang, Y., and Yue, X.: Meteorological influences on PM2.5 and O3 trends and associated health burden since China's clean air actions, Sci. Total Environ., 744, 140837, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140837, 2020.
Chen, W. T., Shao, M., Lu, S. H., Wang, M., Zeng, L. M., Yuan, B., and Liu, Y.: Understanding primary and secondary sources of ambient carbonyl compounds in Beijing using the PMF model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 3047–3062, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3047-2014, 2014.
Chu, W., Li, H., Ji, Y., Zhang, X., Xue, L., Gao, J., and An, C.: Research on ozone formation sensitivity based on observational methods: Development history, methodology, and application and prospects in China, J. Environ. Sci., 138, 543–560, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.052, 2023.
Dai, P., Ge, Y., Lin, Y., Su, S., and Liang, B.: Investigation on characteristics of exhaust and evaporative emissions from passenger cars fueled with gasoline/methanol blends, Fuel, 113, 10–16, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.05.038, 2013.
Dodge, M. C.: Combined use of modeling techniques and smog chamber data to derive ozone precursor relationships, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Photochemical Oxidant Pollution and its Control, 12–17 September 1976, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA, edited by: Dimitriades, B., US EPA, RTP, NC, Vol. II, 881–889, EPA-600/3-77-0016, 1977.
Fan, M., Zhang, Y., Lin, Y., Li, L., Xie, F., Hu, J., Mozaffar, A., and Cao, F.: Source apportionments of atmospheric volatile organic compounds in Nanjing, China during high ozone pollution season, Chemosphere, 263, 128025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128025, 2021.
Goldberg, D. L., Vinciguerra, T. P., Anderson, D. C., Hembeck, L., Canty, T. P., Ehrman, S. H., Martins, D. K., Stauffer, R. M., Thompson, A. M., Salawitch, R. J., and Dickerson, R. R.: CAMx ozone source attribution in the eastern United States using guidance from observations during DISCOVER-AQ Maryland, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 2249–2258, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl067332, 2016.
Goldstein, A. H. and Galbally, I. E.: Known and unexplored organic constituents in the earth's atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 1514–1521, https://doi.org/10.1021/es072476p, 2007.
Guan, Y., Wang, L., Wang, S., Zhang, Y., Xiao, J., Wang, X., Duan, E., and Hou, L. A.: Temporal variations and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds at an urban site in Shijiazhuang, China, J. Environ. Sci., 97, 25–34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2020.04.022, 2020.
Guenther, A. B., Zimmerman, P. R., Harley, P. C., Monson, R. K., and Fall, R.: Isoprene and monoterpene emission rate variability: Model evaluations and sensitivity analyses, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 98, 12609–12617, https://doi.org/10.1029/93JD00527, 1993.
Guo, H., Cheng, H. R., Ling, Z. H., Louie, P. K., and Ayoko, G. A.: Which emission sources are responsible for the volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of Pearl River Delta?, J. Hazard. Mater., 188, 116–124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.081, 2011.
Guo, H., Ling, Z. H., Cheung, K., Wang, D. W., Simpson, I. J., and Blake, D. R.: Acetone in the atmosphere of Hong Kong: Abundance, sources and photochemical precursors, Atmos. Environ., 65, 80–88, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.10.027, 2013.
Guo, J., Xu, Q., Yu, S., Zhao, B., and Zhang, M.: Investigation of atmospheric VOCs sources and ozone formation sensitivity during epidemic closure and control: A case study of Zhengzhou, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 15, 102035, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2023.102035, 2024.
He, Z., Li, G., Chen, J., Huang, Y., An, T., and Zhang, C.: Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of volatile organic compounds emitted from different plastic solid waste recycling workshops, Environ. Int., 77, 85–94, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.01.004, 2015.
Hong, Z., Li, M., Wang, H., Xu, L., Hong, Y., Chen, J., Chen, J., Zhang, H., Zhang, Y., Wu, X., Hu, B., and Li, M.: Characteristics of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at a mountainous forest site and two urban sites in the southeast of China, Sci. Total Environ., 657, 1491–1500, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.132, 2019.
Huang, B., Lei, C., Wei, C., and Zeng, G.: Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (Cl-VOCs) in environment – sources, potential human health impacts, and current remediation technologies, Environ. Int., 71, 118–138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.06.013, 2014.
Huang, C., Shi, Y., Yang, M., Tong, L., Dai, X., Liu, F., Huang, C., Zheng, J., Li, J., and Xiao, H.: Spatiotemporal distribution, source apportionment and health risk assessment of atmospheric volatile organic compounds using passive air samplers in a typical coastal area, China, J. Clean. Prod., 423, 138741, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138741, 2023.
Huang, J., Fung, J. C. H., Lau, A. K. H., and Qin, Y.: Numerical simulation and process analysis of typhoon-related ozone episodes in Hong Kong, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D05301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jd004914, 2005.
Hui, L., Ma, T., Gao, Z., Gao, J., Wang, Z., Xue, L., Liu, H., and Liu, J.: Characteristics and sources of volatile organic compounds during high ozone episodes: A case study at a site in the eastern Guanzhong Plain, China, Chemosphere, 265, 129072, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129072, 2020.
Jorquera, H. and Rappenglück, B.: Receptor modeling of ambient VOC at Santiago, Chile, Atmos. Environ., 38, 4243–4263, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.04.030, 2004.
Kim, E. and Hopke, P.: Comparison between conditional probability function and nonparametric regression for fine particle source directions, Atmos. Environ., 38, 4667–4673, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.05.035, 2004.
Kleinman, L. I.: Ozone process insights from field experiments – part II: Observation-based analysis for ozone production, Atmos. Environ., 34, 2023–2033, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00457-4, 2000.
Lerner, J. E. C., Sanchez, E. Y., Sambeth, J. E., and Porta, A. A.: Characterization and health risk assessment of VOCs in occupational environments in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Atmos. Environ., 55, 440–447, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.03.041, 2012.
Li, J., Zhai, C., Yu, J., Liu, R., Li, Y., Zeng, L., and Xie, S.: Spatiotemporal variations of ambient volatile organic compounds and their sources in Chongqing, a mountainous megacity in China, Sci. Total Environ., 627, 1442–1452, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.010, 2018.
Li, Y., Yin, S., Yu, S., Yuan, M., Dong, Z., Zhang, D., Yang, L., and Zhang, R.: Characteristics, source apportionment and health risks of ambient VOCs during high ozone period at an urban site in central plain, China, Chemosphere, 250, 126283, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126283, 2020.
Li, Y., Wu, Z., Ji, Y., Chen, T., Li, H., Gao, R., Xue, L., Wang, Y., Zhao, Y., and Yang, X.: Comparison of the ozone formation mechanisms and VOCs apportionment in different ozone pollution episodes in urban Beijing in 2019 and 2020: Insights for ozone pollution control strategies, Sci. Total Environ., 908, 168332, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168332, 2024.
Lin, C., Ho, T. C., Chu, H., Yang, H., Chandru, S., Krishnarajanagar, N., Chiou, P., and Hopper, J. R.: Sensitivity analysis of ground-level ozone concentration to emission changes in two urban regions of southeast Texas, J. Environ. Manage., 75, 315–323, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.09.012, 2005.
Ling, Z. H., Guo, H., Cheng, H. R., and Yu, Y. F.: Sources of ambient volatile organic compounds and their contributions to photochemical ozone formation at a site in the Pearl River Delta, southern China, Environ. Pollut., 159, 2310–2319, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.05.001, 2011.
Ling, Z. H., Guo, H., Zheng, J. Y., Louie, P. K. K., Cheng, H. R., Jiang, F., Cheung, K., Wong, L. C., and Feng, X. Q.: Establishing a conceptual model for photochemical ozone pollution in subtropical Hong Kong, Atmos. Environ., 76, 208–220, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.09.051, 2013.
Liu, B., Liang, D., Yang, J., Dai, Q., Bi, X., Feng, Y., Yuan, J., Xiao, Z., Zhang, Y., and Xu, H.: Characterization and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds based on 1 year of observational data in Tianjin, China, Environ. Pollut., 218, 757–769, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.072, 2016.
Liu, B., Yang, Y., Yang, T., Dai, Q., Zhang, Y., Feng, Y., and Hopke, P. K.: Effect of photochemical losses of ambient volatile organic compounds on their source apportionment, Environ. Int., 172, 107766, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.107766, 2023.
Liu, T., Hong, Y., Li, M., Xu, L., Chen, J., Bian, Y., Yang, C., Dan, Y., Zhang, Y., Xue, L., Zhao, M., Huang, Z., and Wang, H.: Atmospheric oxidation capacity and ozone pollution mechanism in a coastal city of southeastern China: analysis of a typical photochemical episode by an observation-based model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2173–2190, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2173-2022, 2022.
Liu, Y., Shao, M., Fu, L., Lu, S., Zeng, L., and Tang, D.: Source profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured in China: Part I, Atmos. Environ., 42, 6247–6260, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.01.070, 2008.
Liu, Y., Song, M., Liu, X., Zhang, Y., Hui, L., Kong, L., Zhang, Y., Zhang, C., Qu, Y., An, J., Ma, D., Tan, Q., and Feng, M.: Characterization and sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their related changes during ozone pollution days in 2016 in Beijing, China, Environ. Pollut., 257, 113599, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113599, 2020.
Liu, Y., Kong, L., Liu, X., Zhang, Y., Li, C., Zhang, Y., Zhang, C., Qu, Y., An, J., Ma, D., Tan, Q., Feng, M., and Zha, S.: Characteristics, secondary transformation, and health risk assessment of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban Beijing, China, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 12, 33–46, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2021.01.013, 2021.
Liu, Z., Hu, K., Zhang, K., Zhu, S., Wang, M., and Li, L.: VOCs sources and roles in O3 formation in the central Yangtze River Delta region of China, Atmos. Environ., 302, 119755, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119755, 2023a.
Liu, Z., Wang, B., Wang, C., Sun, Y., Zhu, C., Sun, L., Yang, N., Fan, G., Sun, X., Xia, Z., Pan, G., Zhu, C., Gai, Y., Wang, X., Xiao, Y., Yan, G., and Xu, C.: Characterization of photochemical losses of volatile organic compounds and their implications for ozone formation potential and source apportionment during summer in suburban Jinan, China, Environ. Res., 238, 117158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.117158, 2023b.
Lu, B., Zhang, Z., Jiang, J., Meng, X., Liu, C., Herrmann, H., Chen, J., Xue, L., and Li, X.: Unraveling the O3-NOx-VOCs relationships induced by anomalous ozone in industrial regions during COVID-19 in Shanghai, Atmos. Environ., 308, 119864, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119864, 2023.
Lyu, X. P., Chen, N., Guo, H., Zhang, W. H., Wang, N., Wang, Y., and Liu, M.: Ambient volatile organic compounds and their effect on ozone production in Wuhan, central China, Sci. Total Environ., 541, 200–209, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.093, 2016.
Meng, X., Jiang, J., Chen, T., Zhang, Z., Lu, B., Liu, C., Xue, L., Chen, J., Herrmann, H., and Li, X.: Chemical drivers of ozone change in extreme temperatures in eastern China, Sci. Total Environ., 874, 162424, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162424, 2023.
Meng, Y., Song, J., Zeng, L., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Liu, X., Guo, H., Zhong, L., Ou, Y., Zhou, Y., Zhang, T., Yue, D., and Lai, S.: Ambient volatile organic compounds at a receptor site in the Pearl River Delta region: Variations, source apportionment and effects on ozone formation, J. Environ. Sci., 111, 104–117, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2021.02.024, 2022.
Miller, L., Xu, X., Grgicak-Mannion, A., Brook, J., and Wheeler, A.: Multi-season, multi-year concentrations and correlations amongst the BTEX group of VOCs in an urbanized industrial city, Atmos. Environ., 61, 305–315, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.07.041, 2012.
Min, R., Wang, F., Wang, Y., Song, G., Zheng, H., Zhang, H., Ru, X., and Song, H.: Contribution of local and surrounding area anthropogenic emissions to a high ozone episode in Zhengzhou, China, Environ. Res., 212, 113440, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113440, 2022.
Ming, W., Wentai, C., Lin, Z., Wei, Q., Yong, Z., Xiangzhi, Z., and Xin, X.: Ozone pollution characteristics and sensitivity analysis using an observation-based model in Nanjing, Yangtze River Delta Region of China, J. Environ. Sci., 93, 13–22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2020.02.027, 2020.
Ministry of Environmental Protection of China: Ambient air quality standards (GB 3095-2012), https://www.mee.gov.cn/ywgz/fgbz/bz/bzwb/dqhjbh/dqhjzlbz/201203/W020120410330232398521.pdf (last access: May 2024), 2012.
Mo, Z., Shao, M., Lu, S., Qu, H., Zhou, M., Sun, J., and Gou, B.: Process-specific emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from petrochemical facilities in the Yangtze River Delta, China, Sci. Total Environ., 533, 422–431, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.089, 2015.
Monod, A., Sive, B. C., Avino, P., Chen, T., Blake, D. R., and Sherwood Rowland, F.: Monoaromatic compounds in ambient air of various cities: a focus on correlations between the xylenes and ethylbenzene, Atmos. Environ., 35, 135–149, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00274-0, 2001.
Mozaffar, A., Zhang, Y., Fan, M., Cao, F., and Lin, Y.: Characteristics of summertime ambient VOCs and their contributions to O3 and SOA formation in a suburban area of Nanjing, China, Atmos. Res., 240, 104923, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.104923, 2020.
Mozaffar, A., Zhang, Y.-L., Lin, Y.-C., Xie, F., Fan, M.-Y., and Cao, F.: Measurement report: High contributions of halocarbon and aromatic compounds to atmospheric volatile organic compounds in an industrial area, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18087–18099, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18087-2021, 2021.
MPS (The Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China): The number of motor vehicles in China exceeded 400 million, https://www.mps.gov.cn/n2254314/n6409334/c8451247/content.html (last access: 10 October 2023), 2022.
Na, K., Kim, Y. P., Moon, K.-C., Moon, I., and Fung, K.: Concentrations of volatile organic compounds in an industrial area of Korea, Atmos. Environ., 35, 2747–2756, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00313-7, 2001.
Nelson, B. S., Stewart, G. J., Drysdale, W. S., Newland, M. J., Vaughan, A. R., Dunmore, R. E., Edwards, P. M., Lewis, A. C., Hamilton, J. F., Acton, W. J., Hewitt, C. N., Crilley, L. R., Alam, M. S., Şahin, Ü. A., Beddows, D. C. S., Bloss, W. J., Slater, E., Whalley, L. K., Heard, D. E., Cash, J. M., Langford, B., Nemitz, E., Sommariva, R., Cox, S., Shivani, Gadi, R., Gurjar, B. R., Hopkins, J. R., Rickard, A. R., and Lee, J. D.: In situ ozone production is highly sensitive to volatile organic compounds in Delhi, India, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13609–13630, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13609-2021, 2021.
Nopmongcol, U., Koo, B., Tai, E., Jung, J., Piyachaturawat, P., Emery, C., Yarwood, G., Pirovano, G., Mitsakou, C., and Kallos, G.: Modeling Europe with CAMx for the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII), Atmos. Environ., 53, 177–185, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.023, 2012.
Norris, G., Duvall, R., Brown, S., and Bai, S.: EPA Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) 5.0. Fundamentals and User Guide Prepared for the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (EPA/600/R-14/108; STI-9105115594-UG, April), 2014.
Pacifico, F., Harrison, S. P., Jones, C. D., and Sitch, S.: Isoprene emissions and climate, Atmos. Environ., 43, 6121–6135, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.09.002, 2009.
Paulot, F., Crounse, J. D., Kjaergaard, H. G., Kürten, A., St Clair, J. M., Seinfeld, J. H., and Wennberg, P. O.: Unexpected Epoxide Formation in the Gas-Phase Photooxidation of Isoprene, Science, 325, 730–733, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1172910, 2009.
Prendez, M., Carvajal, V., Corada, K., Morales, J., Alarcon, F., and Peralta, H.: Biogenic volatile organic compounds from the urban forest of the Metropolitan Region, Chile, Environ. Pollut., 183, 143–150, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.04.003, 2013.
Qin, J., Wang, X., Yang, Y., Qin, Y., Shi, S., Xu, P., Chen, R., Zhou, X., Tan, J., and Wang, X.: Source apportionment of VOCs in a typical medium-sized city in North China Plain and implications on control policy, J. Environ. Sci., 107, 26–37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2020.10.005, 2021.
Qin, Z., Xu, B., Zheng, Z., Li, L., Zhang, G., Li, S., Geng, C., Bai, Z., and Yang, W.: Integrating ambient carbonyl compounds provides insight into the constrained ozone formation chemistry in Zibo city of the North China Plain, Environ. Pollut., 324, 121294, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121294, 2023.
Ring, A. M., Canty, T. P., Anderson, D. C., Vinciguerra, T. P., He, H., Goldberg, D. L., Ehrman, S. H., Dickerson, R. R., and Salawitch, R. J.: Evaluating commercial marine emissions and their role in air quality policy using observations and the CMAQ model, Atmos. Environ., 173, 96–107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.10.037, 2018.
Seila, R. L., Main, H. H., Arriaga, J. L., Martínez V, G., and Ramadan, A. B.: Atmospheric volatile organic compound measurements during the 1996 Paso del Norte Ozone Study, Sci. Total Environ., 276, 153–169, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00777-X, 2001.
Sha, Q., Zhu, M., Huang, H., Wang, Y., Huang, Z., Zhang, X., Tang, M., Lu, M., Chen, C., Shi, B., Chen, Z., Wu, L., Zhong, Z., Li, C., Xu, Y., Yu, F., Jia, G., Liao, S., Cui, X., Liu, J., and Zheng, J.: A newly integrated dataset of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) source profiles and implications for the future development of VOCs profiles in China, Sci. Total Environ., 793, 148348, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148348, 2021.
Shao, M., Zhang, Y., Zeng, L., Tang, X., Zhang, J., Zhong, L., and Wang, B.: Ground-level ozone in the Pearl River Delta and the roles of VOC and NO(x) in its production, J. Environ. Manage., 90, 512–518, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.12.008, 2009.
Shao, P., An, J., Xin, J., Wu, F., Wang, J., Ji, D., and Wang, Y.: Source apportionment of VOCs and the contribution to photochemical ozone formation during summer in the typical industrial area in the Yangtze River Delta, China, Atmos. Res., 176–177, 64–74, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.02.015, 2016.
Sharkey, T. D., Singsaas, E. L., Vanderveer, P. J., and Geron, C.: Field measurements of isoprene emission from trees in response to temperature and light, Tree Physiol., 16, 649–654, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/16.7.649, 1996.
Sicard, P., De Marco, A., Agathokleous, E., Feng, Z., Xu, X., Paoletti, E., Rodriguez, J. J. D., and Calatayud, V.: Amplified ozone pollution in cities during the COVID-19 lockdown, Sci. Total Environ., 735, 139542, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139542, 2020.
Sillman, S.: The relation between ozone, NOx and hydrocarbons in urban and polluted rural environments, Atmos. Environ., 33, 1821–1845, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00345-8, 1999.
Song, Y., Shao, M., Liu, Y., Lu, S., Kuster, W., Goldan, P., and Xie, S.: Source apportionment of ambient volatile organic compounds in Beijing, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 4348–4353, 2007.
Tang, J. H., Chan, L. Y., Chan, C. Y., Li, Y. S., Chang, C. C., Liu, S. C., Wu, D., and Li, Y. D.: Characteristics and diurnal variations of NMHCs at urban, suburban, and rural sites in the Pearl River Delta and a remote site in South China, Atmos. Environ., 41, 8620–8632, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.029, 2007.
Thijsse, T. R., Oss, R. F. V., and Lenschow, P.: Determination of Source Contributions to Ambient Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations in Berlin, J. Air Waste Manage., 49, 1394–1404, https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.1999.10463974, 1999.
Tsai, W. Y., Chan, L. Y., Blake, D. R., and Chu, K. W.: Vehicular fuel composition and atmospheric emissions in South China: Hong Kong, Macau, Guangzhou, and Zhuhai, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3281–3288, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3281-2006, 2006.
Uria-Tellaetxe, I. and Carslaw, D. C.: Conditional bivariate probability function for source identification, Environ. Modell. Softw., 59, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.05.002, 2014.
USEPA: Epa Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) 5.0 Fundamentals & User Guide, USEPA Office of Research and Development, https://www.epa.gov/air-research/epa-positive-matrix-factorization-50-fundamentals-and-user-guide (last access: July 2024), 2014.
Wang, B., Liu, Z., Li, Z., Sun, Y., Wang, C., Zhu, C., Sun, L., Yang, N., Bai, G., Fan, G., Sun, X., Xia, Z., Pan, G., Xu, C., and Yan, G.: Characteristics, chemical transformation and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during wintertime at a suburban site in a provincial capital city, east China, Atmos. Environ., 298, 119621, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119621, 2023.
Wang, M., Sheng, H., Liu, Y., Wang, G., Huang, H., Fan, L., and Ye, D.: Research on the diurnal variation characteristics of ozone formation sensitivity and the impact of ozone pollution control measures in “2+26” cities of Henan Province in summer, Sci. Total Environ., 888, 164121, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164121, 2023.
Wang, P., Chen, Y., Hu, J., Zhang, H., and Ying, Q.: Source apportionment of summertime ozone in China using a source-oriented chemical transport model, Atmos. Environ., 211, 79–90, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.05.006, 2019.
Wang, X., Yin, S., Zhang, R., Yuan, M., and Ying, Q.: Assessment of summertime O3 formation and the O3-NOx-VOC sensitivity in Zhengzhou, China using an observation-based model, Sci. Total Environ., 813, 152449, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152449, 2022.
Wang, Y., Wang, H., Guo, H., Lyu, X., Cheng, H., Ling, Z., Louie, P. K. K., Simpson, I. J., Meinardi, S., and Blake, D. R.: Long-term O3–precursor relationships in Hong Kong: field observation and model simulation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 10919–10935, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10919-2017, 2017.
Wang, Y., Guo, H., Zou, S., Lyu, X., Ling, Z., Cheng, H., and Zeren, Y.: Surface O3 photochemistry over the South China Sea: Application of a near-explicit chemical mechanism box model, Environ. Pollut., 234, 155–166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.001, 2018.
Watson, J. G., Chow, J. C., and Fujita, E. M.: Review of volatile organic compound source apportionment by chemical mass balance, Atmos. Environ., 35, 1567–1584, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00461-1, 2001.
Wu, R., Li, J., Hao, Y., Li, Y., Zeng, L., and Xie, S.: Evolution process and sources of ambient volatile organic compounds during a severe haze event in Beijing, China, Sci. Total Environ., 560–561, 62–72, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.030, 2016.
Wu, Y., Fan, X., Liu, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, H., Sun, L., Fang, T., Mao, H., Hu, J., Wu, L., Peng, J., and Wang, S.: Source apportionment of VOCs based on photochemical loss in summer at a suburban site in Beijing, Atmos. Environ., 293, 119459, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119459, 2023a.
Wu, Y., Liu, B., Meng, H., Dai, Q., Shi, L., Song, S., Feng, Y., and Hopke, P. K.: Changes in source apportioned VOCs during high O3 periods using initial VOC-concentration-dispersion normalized PMF, Sci. Total Environ., 896, 165182, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165182, 2023b.
Xia, L., Cai, C., Zhu, B., An, J., Li, Y., and Li, Y.: Source apportionment of VOCs in a suburb of Nanjing, China, in autumn and winter, J. Atmos. Chem., 71, 175–193, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-014-9289-6, 2014.
Xie, Y., Cheng, C., Wang, Z., Wang, K., Wang, Y., Zhang, X., Li, X., Ren, L., Liu, M., and Li, M.: Exploration of O3-precursor relationship and observation-oriented O3 control strategies in a non-provincial capital city, southwestern China, Sci. Total Environ., 800, 149422, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149422, 2021.
Xu, Z., Zou, Q., Jin, L., Shen, Y., Shen, J., Xu, B., Qu, F., Zhang, F., Xu, J., Pei, X., Xie, G., Kuang, B., Huang, X., Tian, X., and Wang, Z.: Characteristics and sources of ambient Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) at a regional background site, YRD region, China: Significant influence of solvent evaporation during hot months, Sci. Total Environ., 857, 159674, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159674, 2023.
Yan, D., Zhang, Z., Jin, Z., Li, M., Sheridan, S. C., and Wang, T.: Ozone variability driven by the synoptic patterns over China during 2014–2022 and its implications for crop yield and economy, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 14, 101843, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2023.101843, 2023.
Yang, L., Yuan, Z., Luo, H., Wang, Y., Xu, Y., Duan, Y., and Fu, Q.: Identification of long-term evolution of ozone sensitivity to precursors based on two-dimensional mutual verification, Sci. Total Environ., 760, 143401, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143401, 2021.
Yu, S., Su, F., Yin, S., Wang, S., Xu, R., He, B., Fan, X., Yuan, M., and Zhang, R.: Characterization of ambient volatile organic compounds, source apportionment, and the ozone–NOx–VOC sensitivities in a heavily polluted megacity of central China: effect of sporting events and emission reductions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15239–15257, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15239-2021, 2021.
Yu, S., Wang, S., Xu, R., Zhang, D., Zhang, M., Su, F., Lu, X., Li, X., Zhang, R., and Wang, L.: Measurement report: Intra- and interannual variability and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds during 2018–2020 in Zhengzhou, central China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14859–14878, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14859-2022, 2022.
Yuan, B., Shao, M., de Gouw, J., Parrish, D. D., Lu, S., Wang, M., Zeng, L., Zhang, Q., Song, Y., Zhang, J., and Hu, M.: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban air: How chemistry affects the interpretation of positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, 24302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jd018236, 2012.
Yuan, Z., Zhong, L., Lau, A. K. H., Yu, J. Z., and Louie, P. K. K.: Volatile organic compounds in the Pearl River Delta: Identification of source regions and recommendations for emission-oriented monitoring strategies, Atmos. Environ., 76, 162–172, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.11.034, 2013.
Yurdakul, S., Civan, M., Kuntasal, Ö., Doğan, G., Pekey, H., and Tuncel, G.: Temporal variations of VOC concentrations in Bursa atmosphere, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 9, 189–206, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2017.09.004, 2018.
Zeng, X., Han, M., Ren, G., Liu, G., Wang, X., Du, K., Zhang, X., and Lin, H.: A comprehensive investigation on source apportionment and multi-directional regional transport of volatile organic compounds and ozone in urban Zhengzhou, Chemosphere, 334, 139001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139001, 2023.
Zhang, D., He, B., Yuan, M., Yu, S., Yin, S., and Zhang, R.: Characteristics, sources and health risks assessment of VOCs in Zhengzhou, China during haze pollution season, J. Environ. Sci., 108, 44–57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2021.01.035, 2021.
Zhang, H., Wang, Y., Hu, J., Ying, Q., and Hu, X. M.: Relationships between meteorological parameters and criteria air pollutants in three megacities in China, Environ. Res., 140, 242–254, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2015.04.004, 2015.
Zhang, L., Li, H., Wu, Z., Zhang, W., Liu, K., Cheng, X., Zhang, Y., Li, B., and Chen, Y.: Characteristics of atmospheric volatile organic compounds in urban area of Beijing: Variations, photochemical reactivity and source apportionment, J. Environ. Sci., 95, 190–200, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2020.03.023, 2020.
Zhang, Y., Li, R., Fu, H., Zhou, D., and Chen, J.: Observation and analysis of atmospheric volatile organic compounds in a typical petrochemical area in Yangtze River Delta, China, J. Environ. Sci., 71, 233–248, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2018.05.027, 2018.
Zhang, Y. H., Su, H., Zhong, L. J., Cheng, Y. F., Zeng, L. M., Wang, X. S., Xiang, Y. R., Wang, J. L., Gao, D. F., and Shao, M.: Regional ozone pollution and observation-based approach for analyzing ozone–precursor relationship during the PRIDE-PRD2004 campaign, Atmos. Environ., 42, 6203–6218, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.05.002, 2008.
Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y., Wang, X., Lü, S., Huang, Z., Huang, X., Yang, W., Wang, Y., and Zhang, Q.: Spatiotemporal patterns and source implications of aromatic hydrocarbons at six rural sites across China's developed coastal regions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 6669–6687, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jd025115, 2016.
Zhang, Z., Sun, Y., and Li, J.: Characteristics and sources of VOCs in a coastal city in eastern China and the implications in secondary organic aerosol and O3 formation, Sci. Total Environ., 887, 164117, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164117, 2023.
Zhao, C., Sun, Y., Zhong, Y., Xu, S., Liang, Y., Liu, S., He, X., Zhu, J., Shibamoto, T., and He, M.: Spatio-temporal analysis of urban air pollutants throughout China during 2014–2019, Air Qual. Atmos. Hlth., 14, 1619–1632, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-021-01043-5, 2021.
Zhao, Y., Chen, L., Li, K., Han, L., Zhang, X., Wu, X., Gao, X., Azzi, M., and Cen, K.: Atmospheric ozone chemistry and control strategies in Hangzhou, China: Application of a 0-D box model, Atmos. Res., 246, 105109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105109, 2020.
Zhu, B., Huang, X., Xia, S., Lin, L., Cheng, Y., and He, L.: Biomass-burning emissions could significantly enhance the atmospheric oxidizing capacity in continental air pollution, Environ. Pollut., 285, 117523, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117523, 2021.
Zong, R., Yang, X., Wen, L., Xu, C., Zhu, Y., Chen, T., Yao, L., Wang, L., Zhang, J., Yang, L., Wang, X., Shao, M., Zhu, T., Xue, L., and Wang, W.: Strong ozone production at a rural site in theNorth China Plain: Mixed effects of urban plumesand biogenic emissions, J. Environ. Sci., 71, 261–270, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2018.05.003, 2018.
Zou, Y., Yan, X. L., Flores, R. M., Zhang, L. Y., Yang, S. P., Fan, L. Y., Deng, T., Deng, X. J., and Ye, D. Q.: Source apportionment and ozone formation mechanism of VOCs considering photochemical loss in Guangzhou, China, Sci. Total Environ., 903, 166191, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166191, 2023.
Short summary
The increasing concentration of O3 precursors and unfavorable meteorological conditions are key factors in the formation of O3 pollution in Zhengzhou. Vehicular exhausts (28 %), solvent usage (27 %), and industrial production (22 %) are identified as the main sources of NMVOCs. Moreover, O3 formation in Zhengzhou is found to be in an anthropogenic volatile organic compound (AVOC)-limited regime. Thus, to reduce O3 formation, a minimum AVOCs / NOx reduction ratio ≥ 3 : 1 is recommended.
The increasing concentration of O3 precursors and unfavorable meteorological conditions are key...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint