Articles | Volume 23, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6383-2023
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6383-2023
Research article
 | 
12 Jun 2023
Research article |  | 12 Jun 2023

Simulated long-term evolution of the thermosphere during the Holocene – Part 2: Circulation and solar tides

Xu Zhou, Xinan Yue, Yihui Cai, Zhipeng Ren, Yong Wei, and Yongxin Pan

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Simulated long-term evolution of the thermosphere during the Holocene – Part 1: Neutral density and temperature
Yihui Cai, Xinan Yue, Xu Zhou, Zhipeng Ren, Yong Wei, and Yongxin Pan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5009–5021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5009-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5009-2023, 2023
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Cited articles

Akmaev, R. A. and Fomichev, V. I.: A model estimate of cooling in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere due to the CO2 Increase over the last 3–4 decades, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2113–2116, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL011333, 2000. 
Akmaev, R. A., Fomichev, V. I., and Zhu, X.: Impact of middle-atmospheric composition changes on greenhouse cooling in the upper atmosphere, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phy., 68, 1879–1889, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2006.03.008, 2006. 
Beagley, S. R., Boone, C. D., Fomichev, V. I., Jin, J. J., Semeniuk, K., McConnell, J. C., and Bernath, P. F.: First multi-year occultation observations of CO2 in the MLT by ACE satellite: observations and analysis using the extended CMAM, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1133–1153, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1133-2010, 2010. 
Short summary
Secular variations in CO2 concentration and geomagnetic field can affect the dynamics of the upper atmosphere. We examine how these two factors influence the dynamics of the upper atmosphere during the Holocene, using two sets of ~ 12 000-year control runs by the coupled thermosphere–ionosphere model. The main results show that (a) increased CO2 enhances the thermospheric circulation, but non-linearly; and (b) geomagnetic variation induced a significant hemispheric asymmetrical effect.
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