Articles | Volume 23, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-453-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-453-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
12 Jan 2023
Research article |
| 12 Jan 2023
| 12 Jan 2023
Quantitative impacts of vertical transport on the long-term trend of nocturnal ozone increase over the Pearl River Delta region during 2006–2019
Yongkang Wu
Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China
Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China
Yingchang You
Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China
Qianqian Xie
Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China
Shiguo Jia
School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China
Xuemei Wang
Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China
Related authors
Chujun Chen, Weihua Chen, Linhao Guo, Yongkang Wu, Xianzhong Duan, Xuemei Wang, and Min Shao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-687, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-687, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Background O3 forms the baseline level of O3 pollution, even without local human activities. This review examines how background O3 is defined and estimated, revealing significant variations across China, with higher level in the Northwest and lower in the Northeast region. Globally, China’s background O3 levels are medium-to-high and rising. The study calls for integrated estimation methods, international collaboration, and research on climate-ozone links to improve air quality strategies.
Xi Chen, Xiaoyang Chen, Long Wang, Shucheng Chang, Minhui Li, Chong Shen, Chenghao Liao, Yongbo Zhang, Mei Li, and Xuemei Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2635, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2635, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Typhoons moving north near China create ozone pollution in Guangdong by combining strong sunlight with stagnant air. These tyhoons also push ozone-rich air from high altitudes down to ground level. When multiple north-moving typhoons occur back-to-back, they cause widespread and long-lasting ozone pollution. Vertical air currents during these events can contribute up to 16 % of boundary layer ozone.
Chujun Chen, Weihua Chen, Linhao Guo, Yongkang Wu, Xianzhong Duan, Xuemei Wang, and Min Shao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-687, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-687, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Background O3 forms the baseline level of O3 pollution, even without local human activities. This review examines how background O3 is defined and estimated, revealing significant variations across China, with higher level in the Northwest and lower in the Northeast region. Globally, China’s background O3 levels are medium-to-high and rising. The study calls for integrated estimation methods, international collaboration, and research on climate-ozone links to improve air quality strategies.
Xianzhong Duan, Ming Chang, Guotong Wu, Suping Situ, Shengjie Zhu, Qi Zhang, Yibo Huangfu, Weiwen Wang, Weihua Chen, Bin Yuan, and Xuemei Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4065–4079, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4065-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4065-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Accurately estimating biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions in forest ecosystems has been challenging. This research presents a framework that utilizes drone-based lidar, photogrammetry, and image recognition technologies to identify plant species and estimate BVOC emissions. The largest cumulative isoprene emissions were found in the Myrtaceae family, while those of monoterpenes were from the Rubiaceae family.
Liting Yang, Ming Chang, Shuping Situ, Weiwen Wang, and Xuemei Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-28, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-28, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
The study aims to develop and apply the WRF-uEMEP model to simulate air quality at the city scale, with a focus on Foshan, the city with the highest industrial density. The research process included model development, calibration, and validation using existing air quality data in Foshan. Research shows that WRF-uEMEP model effectively captures the impact of urban structure on air pollutant processes and reveals the spatial and temporal distribution of air pollutants in Foshan.
Haichao Wang, Bin Yuan, E Zheng, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Jie Wang, Keding Lu, Chenshuo Ye, Lei Yang, Shan Huang, Weiwei Hu, Suxia Yang, Yuwen Peng, Jipeng Qi, Sihang Wang, Xianjun He, Yubin Chen, Tiange Li, Wenjie Wang, Yibo Huangfu, Xiaobing Li, Mingfu Cai, Xuemei Wang, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14837–14858, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14837-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14837-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present intensive field measurement of ClNO2 in the Pearl River Delta in 2019. Large variation in the level, formation, and atmospheric impacts of ClNO2 was found in different air masses. ClNO2 formation was limited by the particulate chloride (Cl−) and aerosol surface area. Our results reveal that Cl− originated from various anthropogenic emissions rather than sea sources and show minor contribution to the O3 pollution and photochemistry.
Xiao-Bing Li, Bin Yuan, Sihang Wang, Chunlin Wang, Jing Lan, Zhijie Liu, Yongxin Song, Xianjun He, Yibo Huangfu, Chenglei Pei, Peng Cheng, Suxia Yang, Jipeng Qi, Caihong Wu, Shan Huang, Yingchang You, Ming Chang, Huadan Zheng, Wenda Yang, Xuemei Wang, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10567–10587, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10567-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10567-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
High-time-resolution measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were made using an online mass spectrometer at a 600 m tall tower in urban region. Compositions, temporal variations, and sources of VOCs were quantitatively investigated in this study. We find that VOC measurements in urban regions aloft could better characterize source characteristics of anthropogenic emissions. Our results could provide important implications in making future strategies for control of VOCs.
Qi Zhang, Shiguo Jia, Weihua Chen, Jingying Mao, Liming Yang, Padmaja Krishnan, Sayantan Sarkar, Min Shao, and Xuemei Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-394, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-394, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We use satellite data in the establishment of methylamines marine biological emission (MBE) inventory for the first time, which considers effects of actual marine environment on methylamines emission fluxes. MBE fluxes of monomethylamine and trimethylamines can be comparable with or even higher than that of terrestrial anthropogenic emissions , while for dimethylamines, the ocean acts as a sink. Wind and Chlorophyll-a were potentially the most important factors affecting MBE fluxes.
Suxia Yang, Bin Yuan, Yuwen Peng, Shan Huang, Wei Chen, Weiwei Hu, Chenglei Pei, Jun Zhou, David D. Parrish, Wenjie Wang, Xianjun He, Chunlei Cheng, Xiao-Bing Li, Xiaoyun Yang, Yu Song, Haichao Wang, Jipeng Qi, Baolin Wang, Chen Wang, Chaomin Wang, Zelong Wang, Tiange Li, E Zheng, Sihang Wang, Caihong Wu, Mingfu Cai, Chenshuo Ye, Wei Song, Peng Cheng, Duohong Chen, Xinming Wang, Zhanyi Zhang, Xuemei Wang, Junyu Zheng, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4539–4556, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4539-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4539-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use a model constrained using observations to study the formation of nitrate aerosol in and downwind of a representative megacity. We found different contributions of various chemical reactions to ground-level nitrate concentrations between urban and suburban regions. We also show that controlling VOC emissions are effective for decreasing nitrate formation in both urban and regional environments, although VOCs are not direct precursors of nitrate aerosol.
Ming Chang, Jiachen Cao, Qi Zhang, Weihua Chen, Guotong Wu, Liping Wu, Weiwen Wang, and Xuemei Wang
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 787–801, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-787-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-787-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Despite the importance of nitrogen deposition, its simulation is still insufficiently represented in current atmospheric chemistry models. In this study, the improvement of the canopy stomatal resistance mechanism and the nitrogen-limiting schemes in Noah-MP-WDDM v1.42 give new options for simulating nitrogen dry deposition velocity. This study finds that the combined BN-23 mechanism agrees better with the observed NO2 dry deposition velocity, with the mean bias reduced by 50.1 %.
Zhiyong Wu, Leiming Zhang, John T. Walker, Paul A. Makar, Judith A. Perlinger, and Xuemei Wang
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 5093–5105, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5093-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5093-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A community dry deposition algorithm for modeling the gaseous dry deposition process in chemistry transport models was extended to include an additional 12 oxidized volatile organic compounds and hydrogen cyanide based on their physicochemical properties and was then evaluated using field flux measurements over a mixed forest. This study provides a useful tool that is needed in chemistry transport models with increasing complexity for simulating an important atmospheric process.
Luolin Wu, Jian Hang, Xuemei Wang, Min Shao, and Cheng Gong
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 4655–4681, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-4655-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-4655-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In order to investigate street-scale flow and air quality, this study has developed APFoam 1.0 to examine the reactive pollutant formation and dispersion in the urban area. The model has been validated and shows good agreement with wind tunnel experimental data. Model sensitivity cases reveal that vehicle emissions, background concentrations, and wind conditions are the key factors affecting the photochemical reaction process.
Syuichi Itahashi, Baozhu Ge, Keiichi Sato, Zhe Wang, Junichi Kurokawa, Jiani Tan, Kan Huang, Joshua S. Fu, Xuemei Wang, Kazuyo Yamaji, Tatsuya Nagashima, Jie Li, Mizuo Kajino, Gregory R. Carmichael, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8709–8734, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8709-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8709-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the detailed analysis of acid deposition over southeast Asia based on the Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia) phase III. Simulated wet deposition is evaluated with observation data from the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET). The difficulties of models to capture observations are related to the model performance on precipitation. The precipitation-adjusted approach was applied, and the distribution of wet deposition was successfully revised.
Chenshuo Ye, Bin Yuan, Yi Lin, Zelong Wang, Weiwei Hu, Tiange Li, Wei Chen, Caihong Wu, Chaomin Wang, Shan Huang, Jipeng Qi, Baolin Wang, Chen Wang, Wei Song, Xinming Wang, E Zheng, Jordan E. Krechmer, Penglin Ye, Zhanyi Zhang, Xuemei Wang, Douglas R. Worsnop, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8455–8478, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8455-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8455-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We performed measurements of gaseous and particulate organic compounds using a state-of-the-art online mass spectrometer in urban air. Using the dataset, we provide a holistic chemical characterization of oxygenated organic compounds in the polluted urban atmosphere, which can serve as a reference for the future field measurements of organic compounds in cities.
Caihong Wu, Chaomin Wang, Sihang Wang, Wenjie Wang, Bin Yuan, Jipeng Qi, Baolin Wang, Hongli Wang, Chen Wang, Wei Song, Xinming Wang, Weiwei Hu, Shengrong Lou, Chenshuo Ye, Yuwen Peng, Zelong Wang, Yibo Huangfu, Yan Xie, Manni Zhu, Junyu Zheng, Xuemei Wang, Bin Jiang, Zhanyi Zhang, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14769–14785, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14769-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14769-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Based on measurements from an online mass spectrometer, we quantify volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations from numerous ions of the mass spectrometer, using information from laboratory-obtained calibration results. We find that most VOC concentrations are from oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs). We further show that these OVOCs also contribute significantly to OH reactivity. Our results suggest the important role of OVOCs in VOC emissions and chemistry in urban air.
Chaomin Wang, Bin Yuan, Caihong Wu, Sihang Wang, Jipeng Qi, Baolin Wang, Zelong Wang, Weiwei Hu, Wei Chen, Chenshuo Ye, Wenjie Wang, Yele Sun, Chen Wang, Shan Huang, Wei Song, Xinming Wang, Suxia Yang, Shenyang Zhang, Wanyun Xu, Nan Ma, Zhanyi Zhang, Bin Jiang, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Xuemei Wang, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14123–14138, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14123-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14123-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We utilized a novel online mass spectrometry method to measure the total concentration of higher alkanes at each carbon number at two different sites in China, allowing us to take into account SOA contributions from all isomers for higher alkanes. We found that higher alkanes account for significant fractions of SOA formation at the two sites. The contributions are comparable to or even higher than single-ring aromatics, the most-recognized SOA precursors in urban air.
Zhenhao Ling, Qianqian Xie, Min Shao, Zhe Wang, Tao Wang, Hai Guo, and Xuemei Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11451–11467, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11451-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11451-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The observation data from a receptor site in the Pearl River Delta region were analyzed by a photochemical box model with near-explicit chemical mechanisms (i.e., the Master Chemical Mechanism, MCM), improvements with reversible and irreversible heterogeneous processes of glyoxal and methylglyoxal, and the gas-particle partitioning of oxidation products in the present study.
Baozhu Ge, Syuichi Itahashi, Keiichi Sato, Danhui Xu, Junhua Wang, Fan Fan, Qixin Tan, Joshua S. Fu, Xuemei Wang, Kazuyo Yamaji, Tatsuya Nagashima, Jie Li, Mizuo Kajino, Hong Liao, Meigen Zhang, Zhe Wang, Meng Li, Jung-Hun Woo, Junichi Kurokawa, Yuepeng Pan, Qizhong Wu, Xuejun Liu, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10587–10610, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10587-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10587-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Performances of the simulated deposition for different reduced N (Nr) species in China were conducted with the Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia. Results showed that simulated wet deposition of oxidized N was overestimated in northeastern China and underestimated in south China, but Nr was underpredicted in all regions by all models. Oxidized N has larger uncertainties than Nr, indicating that the chemical reaction process is one of the most importance factors affecting model performance.
Junchen Guo, Shengzhen Zhou, Mingfu Cai, Jun Zhao, Wei Song, Weixiong Zhao, Weiwei Hu, Yele Sun, Yao He, Chengqiang Yang, Xuezhe Xu, Zhisheng Zhang, Peng Cheng, Qi Fan, Jian Hang, Shaojia Fan, Xinming Wang, and Xuemei Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 7595–7615, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7595-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7595-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We characterized non-refractory submicron particulate matter (PM1.0) during winter in Guangzhou, south China. Chemical composition and key sources of ambient PM1.0 are revealed, highlighting the significant role of SOA. The relationship with SOA and peroxy radicals indicated gas-phase oxidation contributed predominantly to SOA formation during non-pollution periods, while heterogeneous/multiphase reactions played more important roles in SOA formation during pollution periods.
Jiani Tan, Joshua S. Fu, Gregory R. Carmichael, Syuichi Itahashi, Zhining Tao, Kan Huang, Xinyi Dong, Kazuyo Yamaji, Tatsuya Nagashima, Xuemei Wang, Yiming Liu, Hyo-Jung Lee, Chuan-Yao Lin, Baozhu Ge, Mizuo Kajino, Jia Zhu, Meigen Zhang, Hong Liao, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 7393–7410, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7393-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7393-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study evaluated the performance of 12 chemical transport models from MICS-Asia III for predicting the particulate matter (PM) over East Asia. Four model processes were investigated as the possible reasons for model bias with measurements and the factors causing inconsistent predictions of PM from different models: (1) model inputs, (2) gas–particle conversion, (3) dust emission modules and (4) removal mechanisms (wet and dry depositions). The influence of each process was discussed.
Shengzhen Zhou, Luolin Wu, Junchen Guo, Weihua Chen, Xuemei Wang, Jun Zhao, Yafang Cheng, Zuzhao Huang, Jinpu Zhang, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, Shiguo Jia, Jun Tao, Yanning Chen, and Junxia Kuang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6435–6453, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6435-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6435-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, measurements of size-segregated aerosols were conducted at three altitudes (ground level, 118 m, and 488 m) on the 610 m high Canton Tower in southern China. Vertical variations of PM and size-segregated chemical compositions were investigated. The results indicated that meteorological parameters and atmospheric aqueous and heterogeneous reactions together led to aerosol formation and haze episodes in the Pearl River Delta region during the measurement periods.
Syuichi Itahashi, Baozhu Ge, Keiichi Sato, Joshua S. Fu, Xuemei Wang, Kazuyo Yamaji, Tatsuya Nagashima, Jie Li, Mizuo Kajino, Hong Liao, Meigen Zhang, Zhe Wang, Meng Li, Junichi Kurokawa, Gregory R. Carmichael, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2667–2693, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2667-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2667-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study gives an overview of acid deposition from the Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia) phase III. Wet deposition simulated by a total of nine models is evaluated with observation data from the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET). The total deposition maps comparing to emissions over Asia are presented. To seek a way to improve the model performance, ensemble approaches and the precipitation-adjusted method are discussed.
Lei Kong, Xiao Tang, Jiang Zhu, Zifa Wang, Joshua S. Fu, Xuemei Wang, Syuichi Itahashi, Kazuyo Yamaji, Tatsuya Nagashima, Hyo-Jung Lee, Cheol-Hee Kim, Chuan-Yao Lin, Lei Chen, Meigen Zhang, Zhining Tao, Jie Li, Mizuo Kajino, Hong Liao, Zhe Wang, Kengo Sudo, Yuesi Wang, Yuepeng Pan, Guiqian Tang, Meng Li, Qizhong Wu, Baozhu Ge, and Gregory R. Carmichael
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 181–202, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-181-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-181-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Evaluation and uncertainty investigation of NO2, CO and NH3 modeling over China were conducted in this study using 14 chemical transport model results from MICS-Asia III. All models largely underestimated CO concentrations and showed very poor performance in reproducing the observed monthly variations of NH3 concentrations. Potential factors related to such deficiencies are investigated and discussed in this paper.
Luolin Wu, Ming Chang, Xuemei Wang, Jian Hang, Jinpu Zhang, Liqing Wu, and Min Shao
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 23–40, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-23-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-23-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We developed the Real-time On-road Emission (ROE v1.0) model to obtain the street-scale on-road hot emissions by using real-time big data for traffic provided by the Gaode Map navigation application. The results are close to other emission inventories. Meanwhile, we applied our results to a street-level air quality model for studying the impact of the national holiday traffic volume change on air quality. The model can be further extended to more districts in China or other countries.
Jie Li, Tatsuya Nagashima, Lei Kong, Baozhu Ge, Kazuyo Yamaji, Joshua S. Fu, Xuemei Wang, Qi Fan, Syuichi Itahashi, Hyo-Jung Lee, Cheol-Hee Kim, Chuan-Yao Lin, Meigen Zhang, Zhining Tao, Mizuo Kajino, Hong Liao, Meng Li, Jung-Hun Woo, Jun-ichi Kurokawa, Zhe Wang, Qizhong Wu, Hajime Akimoto, Gregory R. Carmichael, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 12993–13015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12993-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12993-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study evaluated and intercompared 14 CTMs with ozone observations in East Asia, within the framework of the Model Inter-Comparison Study for ASIA Phase III (MICS-Asia III). Potential causes of the discrepancies between model results and observation were investigated by assessing the planetary boundary layer heights, emission fluxes, dry deposition, chemistry and vertical transport among models. Finally, a multi-model estimate of pollution distributions was provided.
Lei Chen, Yi Gao, Meigen Zhang, Joshua S. Fu, Jia Zhu, Hong Liao, Jialin Li, Kan Huang, Baozhu Ge, Xuemei Wang, Yun Fat Lam, Chuan-Yao Lin, Syuichi Itahashi, Tatsuya Nagashima, Mizuo Kajino, Kazuyo Yamaji, Zifa Wang, and Jun-ichi Kurokawa
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11911–11937, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11911-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11911-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Simulated aerosol concentrations from 14 CTMs within the framework of MICS-Asia III are detailedly evaluated with an extensive set of measurements in East Asia. Similarities and differences among model performances are also analyzed. Although more considerable capacities for reproducing the aerosol concentrations and their variations are shown in current CTMs than those in MICS-Asia II, more efforts are needed to reduce diversities of simulated aerosol concentrations among air quality models.
Zhuoran He, Xuemei Wang, Zhenhao Ling, Jun Zhao, Hai Guo, Min Shao, and Zhe Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8801–8816, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8801-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8801-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, source apportionment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their contributions to photochemical O3 formation were analyzed by the positive matrix factorization model and an observation-based model using data collected at a receptor site in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. Furthermore, the policies for controlling VOCs are briefly reviewed. The findings could provide quantitative information for devising appropriate measures against VOCs, NOx and O3 pollution in the PRD.
Liqing Wu, Xuemei Wang, Sihua Lu, Min Shao, and Zhenhao Ling
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8141–8161, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8141-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8141-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Semi-volatile and intermediate-volatility organic compounds (S–IVOCs) are considered critical precursors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which is an important component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). In this study, an emission inventory of S–IVOCs in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region was developed for the first time for the year 2010, while the contributions of S–IVOCs to SOA formation was evaluated by the WRF-Chem model.
Shiguo Jia, Xuemei Wang, Qi Zhang, Sayantan Sarkar, Luolin Wu, Minjuan Huang, Jinpu Zhang, and Liming Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11125–11133, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11125-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11125-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol pH are often directly compared across studies while ignoring the inconsistency in standard states. This study attempts to address this issue by comparing aerosol pH with different standard states on the basis of theoretical considerations followed with a set of field data as an example. Application of a pH standardization protocol including a precise statement of thermodynamic model parameters is recommended to avoid biases in cross-comparison.
Shengzhen Zhou, Perry K. Davy, Minjuan Huang, Jingbo Duan, Xuemei Wang, Qi Fan, Ming Chang, Yiming Liu, Weihua Chen, Shanju Xie, Travis Ancelet, and William J. Trompetter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 2049–2064, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2049-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2049-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We collected hourly samples of PM2.5 and PM2.5–10 at an industrial city in the PRD, China. The samples were analyzed for black carbon and elemental compositions. Receptor modeling of the dataset by positive matrix factorization was used to identify PM sources. Human health exposure risks to the selected trace elements in PM released from the specific sources were estimated. The source–risk apportionment method helps decision makers to manage air quality more effectively.
Yudong Yang, Min Shao, Stephan Keßel, Yue Li, Keding Lu, Sihua Lu, Jonathan Williams, Yuanhang Zhang, Liming Zeng, Anke C. Nölscher, Yusheng Wu, Xuemei Wang, and Junyu Zheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 7127–7142, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7127-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7127-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Total OH reactivity is an important parameter to evaluate understanding of atmospheric chemistry, especially the VOC contribution to air pollution. Measured by comparative reactivity methods, total OH reactivity in Beijing and Heshan revealed significant differences between measured and calculated results, such as missing reactivity, which were related to unmeasured primary or secondary species. This missing reactivity would introduce a 21–30 % underestimation for ozone production efficiency.
Weihua Chen, Xuemei Wang, Jason Blake Cohen, Shengzhen Zhou, Zhisheng Zhang, Ming Chang, and Chuen-Yu Chan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13271–13289, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13271-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13271-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of size-resolved aerosols (0.25–18 μm) were conducted at three sites (urban, suburban and background sites) in southern China during monsoon season (May–June) in 2010 aqueous-phase reaction was the main formation pathway of droplet mode sulfate. New particle formation, chemical aging, and long-range transport from upwind urban or biomass burning regions were also found to be important in at least some of the sights on some of the sampling days.
Z. Y. Wu, L. Zhang, X. M. Wang, and J. W. Munger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7487–7496, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7487-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7487-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we have developed a modified micrometeorological gradient method (MGM), although based on existing micrometeorological theory, to estimate O3 dry deposition fluxes over a forest canopy using concentration gradients between a level above and a level below the canopy top. The new method provides an alternative approach in monitoring/estimating long-term deposition fluxes of similar pollutants over tall canopies and is expected to be useful for the scientific community.
Q. Zhang, B. Yuan, M. Shao, X. Wang, S. Lu, K. Lu, M. Wang, L. Chen, C.-C. Chang, and S. C. Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 6089–6101, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6089-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6089-2014, 2014
H. Liu, X. M. Wang, J. M. Pang, and K. B. He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 12013–12027, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-12013-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-12013-2013, 2013
S. Situ, A. Guenther, X. Wang, X. Jiang, A. Turnipseed, Z. Wu, J. Bai, and X. Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 11803–11817, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-11803-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-11803-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Gases | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Estimation of seasonal methane fluxes over a Mediterranean rice paddy area using the Radon Tracer Method (RTM)
Surface-observation-constrained high-frequency coal mine methane emissions in Shanxi, China, reveal more emissions than inventories, consistent with satellite inversion
Locating and quantifying CH4 sources within a wastewater treatment plant based on mobile measurements
Mid-Atlantic U.S. observations of radiocarbon in CO2: fossil and biogenic source partitioning and model evaluation
The ZiCOS-M CO2 sensor network: measurement performance and CO2 variability across Zurich
Measurement report: The effects of SECA regulations on the atmospheric SO2 concentrations in the Baltic Sea, based on long-term observations on the Finnish island, Utö
Airborne in situ quantification of methane emissions from oil and gas production in Romania
Vertical and horizontal variability and representativeness of the water vapor isotope composition in the lower troposphere: insight from Ultralight Aircraft flights in southern France during summer 2021
Identification and Quantification of CH4 Emissions from Madrid Landfills using Airborne Imaging Spectrometry and Greenhouse Gas Lidar
Interannual variations in the Δ(17O) signature of atmospheric CO2 at two mid-latitude sites suggest a close link to stratosphere–troposphere exchange
Atmospheric NH3 in urban Beijing: long-term variations and implications for secondary inorganic aerosol control
How rainfall events modify trace gas mixing ratios in central Amazonia
Uncertainty in continuous ΔCO-based ΔffCO2 estimates derived from 14C flask and bottom-up ΔCO ∕ ΔffCO2 ratios
Dynamical drivers of free-tropospheric ozone increases over equatorial Southeast Asia
Air mass transport to the tropical western Pacific troposphere inferred from ozone and relative humidity balloon observations above Palau
Mixing-layer-height-referenced ozone vertical distribution in the lower troposphere of Chinese megacities: stratification, classification, and meteorological and photochemical mechanisms
Six years of continuous carbon isotope composition measurements of methane in Heidelberg (Germany) – a study of source contributions and comparison to emission inventories
What caused large ozone variabilities in three megacity clusters in eastern China during 2015–2020?
Atmospheric turbulence observed during a fuel-bed-scale low-intensity surface fire
Fingerprints of the COVID-19 economic downturn and recovery on ozone anomalies at high-elevation sites in North America and western Europe
Ozone in the boreal forest in the Alberta Oil Sands Region
Zugspitze ozone 1970–2020: the role of stratosphere–troposphere transport
High sulfur dioxide deposition velocities measured with the flux–gradient technique in a boreal forest in the Alberta Oil Sands Region
Quantification of methane emissions in Hamburg using a network of FTIR spectrometers and an inverse modeling approach
Local-to-regional methane emissions from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) quantified using UAV-based atmospheric measurements
Transport pathways of carbon monoxide from Indonesian fire pollution to a subtropical high-altitude mountain site in the western North Pacific
Global warming will largely increase waste treatment CH4 emissions in Chinese megacities: insight from the first city-scale CH4 concentration observation network in Hangzhou, China
Disentangling methane and carbon dioxide sources and transport across the Russian Arctic from aircraft measurements
Airborne glyoxal measurements in the marine and continental atmosphere: comparison with TROPOMI observations and EMAC simulations
Mercury in the free troposphere and bidirectional atmosphere–vegetation exchanges – insights from Maïdo mountain observatory in the Southern Hemisphere tropics
Diurnal variability of atmospheric O2, CO2, and their exchange ratio above a boreal forest in southern Finland
How adequately are elevated moist layers represented in reanalysis and satellite observations?
Factors influencing the temporal variability of atmospheric methane emissions from Upper Silesia coal mines: a case study from the CoMet mission
Enhanced natural releases of mercury in response to the reduction in anthropogenic emissions during the COVID-19 lockdown by explainable machine learning
Temporal variability of tropospheric ozone and ozone profiles in the Korean Peninsula during the East Asian summer monsoon: insights from multiple measurements and reanalysis datasets
Retrieving CH4-emission rates from coal mine ventilation shafts using UAV-based AirCore observations and the genetic algorithm–interior point penalty function (GA-IPPF) model
Measurement report: Atmospheric mercury in a coastal city of Southeast China – inter-annual variations and influencing factors
Tropospheric and stratospheric ozone profiles during the 2019 TROpomi vaLIdation eXperiment (TROLIX-19)
Evaluation of correlated Pandora column NO2 and in situ surface NO2 measurements during GMAP campaign
Transport of substantial stratospheric ozone to the surface by a dying typhoon and shallow convection
Observational constraints on methane emissions from Polish coal mines using a ground-based remote sensing network
Continuous CH4 and δ13CH4 measurements in London demonstrate under-reported natural gas leakage
Long-term fluxes of carbonyl sulfide and their seasonality and interannual variability in a boreal forest
Declines and peaks in NO2 pollution during the multiple waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in the New York metropolitan area
Measurement report: Characterization of uncertainties in fluxes and fuel sulfur content from ship emissions in the Baltic Sea
Limitations of the radon tracer method (RTM) to estimate regional greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions – a case study for methane in Heidelberg
Positive and negative influences of typhoons on tropospheric ozone over southern China
Spatial and temporal variations of CO2 mole fractions observed at Beijing, Xianghe, and Xinglong in North China
The CO2 integral emission by the megacity of St Petersburg as quantified from ground-based FTIR measurements combined with dispersion modelling
Anthropogenic and natural controls on atmospheric δ13C-CO2 variations in the Yangtze River delta: insights from a carbon isotope modeling framework
Roger Curcoll, Alba Àgueda, Josep-Anton Morguí, Lídia Cañas, Sílvia Borràs, Arturo Vargas, and Claudia Grossi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 6299–6323, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6299-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6299-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, the methane emissions from the rice crops of the Ebro Delta were estimated with the Radon Tracer Method, using back trajectories and radon and methane observations. Estimated fluxes show a strong seasonality with maximums in October, corresponding with the period of harvest and straw incorporation. The estimated annual methane emission was about 262.8 kg CH4 ha‑1. Results were compared with fluxes obtained with static chambers showing strong agreement between both methodologies.
Fan Lu, Kai Qin, Jason Blake Cohen, Qin He, Pravash Tiwari, Wei Hu, Chang Ye, Yanan Shan, Qing Xu, Shuo Wang, and Qiansi Tu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5837–5856, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5837-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5837-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This work describes a field campaign and new fast emissions estimation approach to attribute methane from a large known and previously unknown coal mine in Shanxi, China. The emissions computed are shown to be larger than known oil and gas sources, indicating that methane from coal mines may play a larger role in the global methane budget. The results are found to be slightly larger than or similar to satellite observational campaigns over the same region.
Junyue Yang, Zhengning Xu, Zheng Xia, Xiangyu Pei, Yunye Yang, Botian Qiu, Shuang Zhao, Yuzhong Zhang, and Zhibin Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4571–4585, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4571-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4571-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Mobile CH4 measurements were conducted at a wastewater treatment plant in Hangzhou in the summer and winter of 2023. A multi-source Gaussian plume model, combined with a genetic algorithm inversion framework, was used to locate major CH4 sources at the plant and quantify emissions. Results indicate that the summer CH4 emissions (603.33 ± 152.66 t a-1) were 2.8 times as high as inventory values, and winter values (418.95 ± 187.59 t a-1) were twice as high. The main sources were the screen and primary clarifier.
Bianca C. Baier, John B. Miller, Colm Sweeney, Scott Lehman, Chad Wolak, Joshua P. DiGangi, Yonghoon Choi, Kenneth Davis, Sha Feng, and Thomas Lauvaux
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-821, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-821, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
CO2 radiocarbon content (Δ14CO2) is a unique tracer helps to accurately quantify anthropogenic CO2 emitted into the atmosphere. Δ14CO2 measured in airborne flask samples is used to distinguish fossil versus biogenic CO2 sources. Mid-Atlantic U.S. CO2 variability is found to be driven by the biosphere. Errors in modeled fossil fuel CO2 are evaluated using Δ14CO2 airborne data as an avenue to improving future regional models of atmospheric CO2 transport.
Stuart K. Grange, Pascal Rubli, Andrea Fischer, Dominik Brunner, Christoph Hueglin, and Lukas Emmenegger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2781–2806, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2781-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2781-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a very important atmospheric pollutant, and to better understand the gas's source and sink dynamics, a mid-cost sensor network hosting 26 sites was deployed in and around Zurich, Switzerland. The sensor measurement performance was quantified, and natural and anthropogenic CO2 emission sources were explored with a focus on what drives high CO2 levels. The observations will be used further by others to validate what is thought to be known about CO2 emissions in the region.
Androniki Maragkidou, Tiia Grönholm, Laura Rautiainen, Juha Nikmo, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Timo Mäkelä, Timo Anttila, Lauri Laakso, and Jaakko Kukkonen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2443–2457, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2443-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2443-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Baltic Sea's designation as a sulfur emission control area in 2006, with subsequent regulations, significantly reduced sulfur emissions from shipping. Our study analysed air quality data from 2003 to 2020 on the island Utö and employed modelling, showing a continuous decrease in SO2 concentrations since 2003 and thus evidencing the effectiveness of such regulations in improving air quality. It also underscored the importance of long-term, high-resolution monitoring at remote marine sites.
Hossein Maazallahi, Foteini Stavropoulou, Samuel Jonson Sutanto, Michael Steiner, Dominik Brunner, Mariano Mertens, Patrick Jöckel, Antoon Visschedijk, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Stijn Dellaert, Nataly Velandia Salinas, Stefan Schwietzke, Daniel Zavala-Araiza, Sorin Ghemulet, Alexandru Pana, Magdalena Ardelean, Marius Corbu, Andreea Calcan, Stephen A. Conley, Mackenzie L. Smith, and Thomas Röckmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1497–1511, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1497-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1497-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This article presents insights from airborne in situ measurements collected during the ROmanian Methane Emissions from Oil and gas (ROMEO) campaign supported by two models. Results reveal Romania's oil and gas methane emissions were significantly under-reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2019. A large underestimation was also found in the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) v7.0 for the study domain in the same year.
Daniele Zannoni, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Harald Sodemann, Iris Thurnherr, Cyrille Flamant, Patrick Chazette, Julien Totems, Martin Werner, and Myriam Raybaut
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3394, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3394, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
High resolution airborne observations reveal that mixing between the free troposphere and surface evapotranspiration flux primarly modulates the water vapor isotopic composition in the lower troposphere. Water vapor isotopes structure variations occur on the scale of 100s of m, underlying the utility of stable isotopes for studying microscale atmospheric dynamics. This study also provides the basis for better validation of water vapor isotopes remote sensing retrievals with surface observations.
Sven Krautwurst, Christian Fruck, Sebastian Wolff, Jakob Borchardt, Oke Huhs, Konstantin Gerilowski, Michał Gałkowski, Christoph Kiemle, Mathieu Quatrevalet, Martin Wirth, Christian Mallaun, John P. Burrows, Christoph Gerbig, Andreas Fix, Hartmut Bösch, and Heinrich Bovensmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3182, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3182, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Anomalously high CH4 emissions from landfills in Madrid, Spain, have been observed by satellite measurements in recent years. Our investigations of these waste facilities using passive and active airborne remote sensing measurements confirm these high emission rates with values of up to 13 th-1 during the overflight and show excellent agreement between the two techniques. A large fraction of the emissions is attributed to active landfill sites.
Pharahilda M. Steur, Hubertus A. Scheeren, Gerbrand Koren, Getachew A. Adnew, Wouter Peters, and Harro A. J. Meijer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11005–11027, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11005-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11005-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present records of the triple oxygen isotope signature (Δ(17O)) of atmospheric CO2 obtained with laser absorption spectroscopy from two mid-latitude stations. Significant interannual variability is observed in both records. A model sensitivity study suggests that stratosphere–troposphere exchange, which carries high-Δ(17O) CO2 from the stratosphere into the troposphere, causes most of the variability. This makes Δ(17O) a potential tracer for stratospheric intrusions into the troposphere.
Ziru Lan, Xiaoyi Zhang, Weili Lin, Xiaobin Xu, Zhiqiang Ma, Jun Jin, Lingyan Wu, and Yangmei Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9355–9368, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9355-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9355-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study examined the long-term trends of atmospheric ammonia in urban Beijing from 2009 to 2020. We found that the trends did not match satellite data or emission estimates, revealing complexities in ammonia sources. While seasonal variations in ammonia were temperature-dependent, daily variations were correlated with water vapor. We also found an increasing contribution of ammonia reduction, emphasizing its importance in mitigating the effects of fine particulate matter in Beijing.
Luiz A. T. Machado, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Santiago Botía, Hella van Asperen, Meinrat O. Andreae, Alessandro C. de Araújo, Paulo Artaxo, Achim Edtbauer, Rosaria R. Ferreira, Marco A. Franco, Hartwig Harder, Sam P. Jones, Cléo Q. Dias-Júnior, Guido G. Haytzmann, Carlos A. Quesada, Shujiro Komiya, Jost Lavric, Jos Lelieveld, Ingeborg Levin, Anke Nölscher, Eva Pfannerstill, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, Akima Ringsdorf, Luciana Rizzo, Ana M. Yáñez-Serrano, Susan Trumbore, Wanda I. D. Valenti, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano, David Walter, Jonathan Williams, Stefan Wolff, and Christopher Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8893–8910, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8893-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8893-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Composite analysis of gas concentration before and after rainfall, during the day and night, gives insight into the complex relationship between trace gas variability and precipitation. The analysis helps us to understand the sources and sinks of trace gases within a forest ecosystem. It elucidates processes that are not discernible under undisturbed conditions and contributes to a deeper understanding of the trace gas life cycle and its intricate interactions with cloud dynamics in the Amazon.
Fabian Maier, Ingeborg Levin, Sébastien Conil, Maksym Gachkivskyi, Hugo Denier van der Gon, and Samuel Hammer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8205–8223, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8205-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8205-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We assess the uncertainty in continuous fossil fuel carbon dioxide (ffCO2) estimates derived from carbon monoxide (CO) observations and radiocarbon (14CO2) flask measurements from an urban and a rural site. This study provides the basis for using continuous CO-based ffCO2 observations in atmospheric transport inversion frameworks to derive ffCO2 emission estimates. We also compare the flask-based CO / ffCO2 ratios with modeled ratios to validate an emission inventory for central Europe.
Ryan M. Stauffer, Anne M. Thompson, Debra E. Kollonige, Ninong Komala, Habib Khirzin Al-Ghazali, Dian Yudha Risdianto, Ambun Dindang, Ahmad Fairudz bin Jamaluddin, Mohan Kumar Sammathuria, Norazura Binti Zakaria, Bryan J. Johnson, and Patrick D. Cullis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5221–5234, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5221-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5221-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
SHADOZ balloon-borne ozone measurements over equatorial Southeast Asia from 1998–2022 reveal that ozone increases during the early months of the year are linked to reduced convective storm activity, which typically redistributes and cleans the atmosphere of ozone. These findings challenge models to replicate the trends produced by the SHADOZ and meteorological observations and emphasize the importance of studying monthly or seasonal instead of annual changes for understanding ozone trends.
Katrin Müller, Peter von der Gathen, and Markus Rex
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4693–4716, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4693-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4693-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The transport history of tropospheric air masses above the tropical western Pacific is studied by local ozone and relative humidity profile measurements from Palau. A prominent anti-correlation between both tracers separates air masses of different origin and genesis. Back trajectories confirm a local convective origin of the year-round humid ozone-poor background. Anomalously dry ozone-rich air is generated in tropical Asia by pollution and dehydrated during transport via radiative cooling.
Zhiheng Liao, Meng Gao, Jinqiang Zhang, Jiaren Sun, Jiannong Quan, Xingcan Jia, Yubing Pan, and Shaojia Fan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3541–3557, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3541-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3541-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study collected 1897 ozonesondes from two Chinese megacities (Beijing and Hong Kong) in 2000–2022 to investigate the climatological vertical heterogeneity of lower-tropospheric ozone distribution with a mixing-layer-height-referenced (h-referenced) vertical coordinate system. This vertical coordinate system highlighted O3 stratification features existing at the mixing layer–free troposphere interface and provided a better understanding of O3 pollution in urban regions.
Antje Hoheisel and Martina Schmidt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2951–2969, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2951-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2951-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In Heidelberg, Germany, methane and its stable carbon isotope composition have been measured continuously with a cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) analyser since April 2014. These 6-year time series are analysed with the Keeling plot method for the isotopic composition of the sources, as well as seasonal variations and trends in methane emissions. The source contributions derived from atmospheric measurements were used to evaluate global and regional emission inventories of methane.
Tingting Hu, Yu Lin, Run Liu, Yuepeng Xu, Shanshan Ouyang, Boguang Wang, Yuanhang Zhang, and Shaw Chen Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1607–1626, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1607-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1607-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We hypothesize that the cause of the worsening O3 trends in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta from 2015 to 2020 is attributable to the increased occurrence of meteorological conditions of high solar radiation and a positive temperature anomaly under the influence of West Pacific subtropical high, tropical cyclones, and mid–high-latitude wave activities.
Joseph Seitz, Shiyuan Zhong, Joseph J. Charney, Warren E. Heilman, Kenneth L. Clark, Xindi Bian, Nicholas S. Skowronski, Michael R. Gallagher, Matthew Patterson, Jason Cole, Michael T. Kiefer, Rory Hadden, and Eric Mueller
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1119–1142, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1119-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1119-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric turbulence affects wildland fire behaviors and heat and smoke transfer. Turbulence data collected during an experimental fire on a 10 m x 10 m densely instrumented burn plot are analyzed, and the results reveal substantial heterogeneity in fire-induced turbulence characteristics across the small plot, which highlights the necessity for coupled atmosphere–fire behavior models to have 1–2 m grid spacing so that adequate simulations of fire behavior and smoke transfer can be achieved.
Davide Putero, Paolo Cristofanelli, Kai-Lan Chang, Gaëlle Dufour, Gregory Beachley, Cédric Couret, Peter Effertz, Daniel A. Jaffe, Dagmar Kubistin, Jason Lynch, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Melissa Puchalski, Timothy Sharac, Barkley C. Sive, Martin Steinbacher, Carlos Torres, and Owen R. Cooper
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15693–15709, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15693-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15693-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the impact of societal restriction measures during the COVID-19 pandemic on surface ozone at 41 high-elevation sites worldwide. Negative ozone anomalies were observed for spring and summer 2020 for all of the regions considered. In 2021, negative anomalies continued for Europe and partially for the eastern US, while western US sites showed positive anomalies due to wildfires. IASI satellite data and the Carbon Monitor supported emission reductions as a cause of the anomalies.
Xuanyi Zhang, Mark Gordon, Paul A. Makar, Timothy Jiang, Jonathan Davies, and David Tarasick
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13647–13664, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13647-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13647-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of ozone in the atmosphere were made in a forest downwind of oil sands mining and production facilities in northern Alberta. These measurements show that the emissions of other pollutants from oil sands production and processing reduce the amount of ozone in the forest. By using an atmospheric model combined with measurements, we find that the rate at which ozone is absorbed by the forest is lower than typical rates from similar measurements in other forests.
Thomas Trickl, Cédric Couret, Ludwig Ries, and Hannes Vogelmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8403–8427, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8403-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8403-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Downward atmospheric transport from the stratosphere (STT) is the most important natural source of tropospheric ozone. We analyse the stratospheric influence on the long-term series of ozone and carbon monoxide measured on the Zugspitze in the Bavarian Alps (2962 m a.s.l.). Since the 1970s, there has been a pronounced ozone rise that has been ascribed to an increase in STT. We determine the stratospheric influence from the observational data alone (humidity and 7Be).
Mark Gordon, Dane Blanchard, Timothy Jiang, Paul A. Makar, Ralf M. Staebler, Julian Aherne, Cris Mihele, and Xuanyi Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7241–7255, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7241-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7241-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of the gas sulfur dioxide (SO2) were made in a forest downwind of oil sands mining and production facilities in northern Alberta. These measurements tell us the rate at which SO2 is absorbed by the forest. The measured rate is much higher than what is currently used by air quality models, which is supported by a previous study in this region. This suggests that SO2 may have a much shorter lifetime in the atmosphere at this location than currently predicted by models.
Andreas Forstmaier, Jia Chen, Florian Dietrich, Juan Bettinelli, Hossein Maazallahi, Carsten Schneider, Dominik Winkler, Xinxu Zhao, Taylor Jones, Carina van der Veen, Norman Wildmann, Moritz Makowski, Aydin Uzun, Friedrich Klappenbach, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Stefan Schwietzke, and Thomas Röckmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6897–6922, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6897-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6897-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Large cities emit greenhouse gases which contribute to global warming. In this study, we measured the release of one important green house gas, methane, in Hamburg. Multiple sources that contribute to methane emissions were located and quantified. Methane sources were found to be mainly caused by human activity (e.g., by release from oil and gas refineries). Moreover, potential natural sources have been located, such as the Elbe River and lakes.
Truls Andersen, Zhao Zhao, Marcel de Vries, Jaroslaw Necki, Justyna Swolkien, Malika Menoud, Thomas Röckmann, Anke Roiger, Andreas Fix, Wouter Peters, and Huilin Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5191–5216, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5191-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5191-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland, is one of the hot spots of methane emissions in Europe. Using an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV), we performed atmospheric measurements of methane concentrations downwind of five ventilation shafts in this region and determined the emission rates from the individual shafts. We found a strong correlation between quantified shaft-averaged emission rates and hourly inventory data, which also allows us to estimate the methane emissions from the entire region.
Saginela Ravindra Babu, Chang-Feng Ou-Yang, Stephen M. Griffith, Shantanu Kumar Pani, Steven Soon-Kai Kong, and Neng-Huei Lin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4727–4740, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4727-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4727-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In October 2006 and 2015, extensive fire episodes occurred in Indonesia, releasing an enormous amount of CO emissions. By combining in situ and satellite CO measurements and reanalysis products, we reported plausible transport pathways of CO from Indonesia to the Lulin Atmospheric Background Station (LABS; 23.47° N, 120.87° E; 2862 m a.s.l.) in Taiwan. We identified (i) horizontal transport in the free troposphere and (ii) vertical transport through the Hadley circulation.
Cheng Hu, Junqing Zhang, Bing Qi, Rongguang Du, Xiaofei Xu, Haoyu Xiong, Huili Liu, Xinyue Ai, Yiyi Peng, and Wei Xiao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4501–4520, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4501-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4501-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We build the first city-scale tower-based atmospheric CH4 concentration observation network in China. The a priori total annual anthropogenic CH4 emissions and emissions from waste treatment were overestimated by 36.0 % and 47.1 %, respectively, in Hangzhou. Global warming will largely enhance the CH4 emission factor of waste treatment, which will increase by 17.6 %, 9.6 %, 5.6 % and 4.0 % for Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5, RCP6.0, RCP4.5 and RCP2.6, respectively, by 2100.
Clément Narbaud, Jean-Daniel Paris, Sophie Wittig, Antoine Berchet, Marielle Saunois, Philippe Nédélec, Boris D. Belan, Mikhail Y. Arshinov, Sergei B. Belan, Denis Davydov, Alexander Fofonov, and Artem Kozlov
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2293–2314, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2293-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2293-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured CH4 and CO2 from aircraft over the Russian Arctic. Analyzing our data with the Lagrangian model FLEXPART, we find a sharp east–west gradient in atmospheric composition. Western Siberia is influenced by strong wetland CH4 emissions, deep CO2 gradient from biospheric uptake, and long-range transport from Europe and North America. Eastern flights document less variability. Over the Arctic Ocean, we find a small influence from marine CH4 emissions compatible with reasonable inventories.
Flora Kluge, Tilman Hüneke, Christophe Lerot, Simon Rosanka, Meike K. Rotermund, Domenico Taraborrelli, Benjamin Weyland, and Klaus Pfeilsticker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1369–1401, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1369-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1369-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using airborne glyoxal concentration and vertical column density measurements, vertical profiles are inferred for eight global regions in aged biomass burning plumes and the tropical marine boundary layer. Using TROPOMI observations, an analysis of space- and airborne measurements is performed. A comparison to EMAC simulations shows a general glyoxal underprediction, which points to various missing sources and precursors from anthropogenic activities, biomass burning, and the sea surface.
Alkuin M. Koenig, Olivier Magand, Bert Verreyken, Jerome Brioude, Crist Amelynck, Niels Schoon, Aurélie Colomb, Beatriz Ferreira Araujo, Michel Ramonet, Mahesh K. Sha, Jean-Pierre Cammas, Jeroen E. Sonke, and Aurélien Dommergue
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1309–1328, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1309-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1309-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The global distribution of mercury, a potent neurotoxin, depends on atmospheric transport, chemistry, and interactions between the Earth’s surface and the air. Our understanding of these processes is still hampered by insufficient observations. Here, we present new data from a mountain observatory in the Southern Hemisphere. We give insights into mercury concentrations in air masses coming from aloft, and we show that tropical mountain vegetation may be a daytime source of mercury to the air.
Kim A. P. Faassen, Linh N. T. Nguyen, Eadin R. Broekema, Bert A. M. Kers, Ivan Mammarella, Timo Vesala, Penelope A. Pickers, Andrew C. Manning, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Harro A. J. Meijer, Wouter Peters, and Ingrid T. Luijkx
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 851–876, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-851-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-851-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The exchange ratio (ER) between atmospheric O2 and CO2 provides a useful tracer for separately estimating photosynthesis and respiration processes in the forest carbon balance. This is highly relevant to better understand the expected biosphere sink, which determines future atmospheric CO2 levels. We therefore measured O2, CO2, and their ER above a boreal forest in Finland and investigated their diurnal behaviour for a representative day, and we show the most suitable way to determine the ER.
Marc Prange, Stefan A. Buehler, and Manfred Brath
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 725–741, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-725-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-725-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the representation of elevated moist layers (EMLs) in two satellite retrieval products and ERA5 reanalysis. EMLs occur in the vicinity of tropical convective storms and are thought to have an impact on their evolution through radiative heating. We provide a first dedicated assessment of EMLs in long-term data products in terms of moist layer strength, vertical thickness and altitude by comparing to collocated radiosondes over the western Pacific, a region where EMLs often occur.
Justyna Swolkień, Andreas Fix, and Michał Gałkowski
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 16031–16052, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-16031-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-16031-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Determination of emissions from coal mines on a local scale requires instantaneous data. We analysed temporal emission data for ventilation shafts and factors influencing their variability. They were saturation of the seams with methane, the permeability of the rock mass, and coal output. The data for the verification should reflect the actual values of emissions from point sources. It is recommended to achieve this by using a standardised emission measurement system for all coal mines.
Xiaofei Qin, Shengqian Zhou, Hao Li, Guochen Wang, Cheng Chen, Chengfeng Liu, Xiaohao Wang, Juntao Huo, Yanfen Lin, Jia Chen, Qingyan Fu, Yusen Duan, Kan Huang, and Congrui Deng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15851–15865, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15851-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15851-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Using artificial neural network modeling and an explainable analysis approach, natural surface emissions (NSEs) were identified as a main driver of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) variations during the COVID-19 lockdown. A sharp drop in GEM concentrations due to a significant reduction in anthropogenic emissions may disrupt the surface–air exchange balance of Hg, leading to increases in NSEs. This implies that NSEs may pose challenges to the future control of Hg pollution.
Juseon Bak, Eun-Ji Song, Hyo-Jung Lee, Xiong Liu, Ja-Ho Koo, Joowan Kim, Wonbae Jeon, Jae-Hwan Kim, and Cheol-Hee Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14177–14187, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14177-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14177-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Our study investigates the temporal variations of ozone profiles at Pohang in the Korean Peninsula from multiple ozone products. We discuss the quantitative relationships between daily surface measurements and key meteorological variables, different seasonality of ozone between the troposphere and stratosphere, and interannual changes in the lower tropospheric ozone, linked by the weather pattern driven by the East Asian summer monsoon.
Tianqi Shi, Zeyu Han, Ge Han, Xin Ma, Huilin Chen, Truls Andersen, Huiqin Mao, Cuihong Chen, Haowei Zhang, and Wei Gong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13881–13896, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13881-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13881-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
CH4 works as the second-most important greenhouse gas, its reported emission inventories being far less than CO2. In this study, we developed a self-adjusted model to estimate the CH4 emission rate from strong point sources by the UAV-based AirCore system. This model would reduce the uncertainty in CH4 emission rate quantification accrued by errors in measurements of wind and concentration. Actual measurements on Pniówek coal demonstrate the high accuracy and stability of our developed model.
Jiayan Shi, Yuping Chen, Lingling Xu, Youwei Hong, Mengren Li, Xiaolong Fan, Liqian Yin, Yanting Chen, Chen Yang, Gaojie Chen, Taotao Liu, Xiaoting Ji, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11187–11202, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11187-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11187-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) was observed in Southeast China over the period 2012–2020. The observed GEM concentrations showed no distinct inter-annual variation trends. The interpretation rate of transportation and meteorology on GEM variations displayed an increasing trend. In contrast, anthropogenic emissions have shown a decreasing interpretation rate since 2012, indicating the effectiveness of emission mitigation measures in reducing GEM concentrations in the study region.
John T. Sullivan, Arnoud Apituley, Nora Mettig, Karin Kreher, K. Emma Knowland, Marc Allaart, Ankie Piters, Michel Van Roozendael, Pepijn Veefkind, Jerry R. Ziemke, Natalya Kramarova, Mark Weber, Alexei Rozanov, Laurence Twigg, Grant Sumnicht, and Thomas J. McGee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11137–11153, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11137-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11137-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) validation campaign (TROLIX-19) was held in the Netherlands in September 2019. The research presented here focuses on using ozone lidars from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center to better evaluate the characterization of ozone throughout TROLIX-19 as compared to balloon-borne, space-borne and ground-based passive measurements, as well as a global coupled chemistry meteorology model.
Lim-Seok Chang, Donghee Kim, Hyunkee Hong, Deok-Rae Kim, Jeong-Ah Yu, Kwangyul Lee, Hanlim Lee, Daewon Kim, Jinkyu Hong, Hyun-Young Jo, and Cheol-Hee Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10703–10720, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10703-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10703-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Our study explored the synergy of combined column and surface measurements during GMAP (GEMS Map of Air Pollution) campaign. It has several points to note for vertical distribution analysis. Particularly under prevailing local wind meteorological conditions, Pandora-based vertical structures sometimes showed negative correlations between column and surface measurements. Vertical analysis should be done carefully in some local meteorological conditions when employing either surface or columns.
Zhixiong Chen, Jane Liu, Xiushu Qie, Xugeng Cheng, Yukun Shen, Mengmiao Yang, Rubin Jiang, and Xiangke Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8221–8240, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8221-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8221-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A vigorous surface ozone surge event of stratospheric origin occurred in the North China Plain at night. Surface ozone concentrations were 40–50 ppbv higher than the corresponding monthly mean, whereas surface carbon monoxide concentrations declined abruptly, which confirmed the direct stratospheric intrusions to the surface. We further addressed the notion that a combined effect of the dying typhoon and mesoscale convective systems was responsible for this vigorous ozone surge.
Andreas Luther, Julian Kostinek, Ralph Kleinschek, Sara Defratyka, Mila Stanisavljević, Andreas Forstmaier, Alexandru Dandocsi, Leon Scheidweiler, Darko Dubravica, Norman Wildmann, Frank Hase, Matthias M. Frey, Jia Chen, Florian Dietrich, Jarosław Nȩcki, Justyna Swolkień, Christoph Knote, Sanam N. Vardag, Anke Roiger, and André Butz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5859–5876, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5859-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5859-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Coal mining is an extensive source of anthropogenic methane emissions. In order to reduce and mitigate methane emissions, it is important to know how much and where the methane is emitted. We estimated coal mining methane emissions in Poland based on atmospheric methane measurements and particle dispersion modeling. In general, our emission estimates suggest higher emissions than expected by previous annual emission reports.
Eric Saboya, Giulia Zazzeri, Heather Graven, Alistair J. Manning, and Sylvia Englund Michel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3595–3613, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3595-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3595-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Continuous measurements of atmospheric methane concentrations and its carbon-13 isotope have been made in central London since early 2018. These measurements were used to evaluate methane emissions reported in global and UK-specific emission inventories for the London area. Compared to atmospheric methane measurements from March 2018 to October 2020, both inventories are under-reporting natural gas leakage for the London area.
Timo Vesala, Kukka-Maaria Kohonen, Linda M. J. Kooijmans, Arnaud P. Praplan, Lenka Foltýnová, Pasi Kolari, Markku Kulmala, Jaana Bäck, David Nelson, Dan Yakir, Mark Zahniser, and Ivan Mammarella
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2569–2584, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2569-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2569-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Carbonyl sulfide (COS) provides new insights into carbon cycle research. We present an easy-to-use flux parameterization and the longest existing time series of forest–atmosphere COS exchange measurements, which allow us to study both seasonal and interannual variability. We observed only uptake of COS by the forest on an annual basis, with 37 % variability between years. Upscaling the boreal COS uptake using a biosphere model indicates a significant missing COS sink at high latitudes.
Maria Tzortziou, Charlotte F. Kwong, Daniel Goldberg, Luke Schiferl, Róisín Commane, Nader Abuhassan, James J. Szykman, and Lukas C. Valin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2399–2417, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2399-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2399-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The COVID-19 pandemic created an extreme natural experiment in which sudden changes in human behavior significantly impacted urban air quality. Using a combination of model, satellite, and ground-based data, we examine the impact of multiple waves and phases of the pandemic on atmospheric nitrogen pollution in the New York metropolitan area, and address the role of weather as a key driver of high pollution episodes observed even during – and despite – the stringent early lockdowns.
Jari Walden, Liisa Pirjola, Tuomas Laurila, Juha Hatakka, Heidi Pettersson, Tuomas Walden, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Harri Nordlund, Toivo Truuts, Miika Meretoja, and Kimmo K. Kahma
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18175–18194, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18175-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18175-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ship emissions play an important role in the deposition of gaseous compounds and nanoparticles (Ntot), affecting climate, human health (especially in coastal areas), and eutrophication. Micrometeorological methods showed that ship emissions were mainly responsible for the deposition of Ntot, whereas they only accounted for a minor proportion of CO2 deposition. An uncertainty analysis applied to the fluxes and fuel sulfur content results demonstrated the reliability of the results.
Ingeborg Levin, Ute Karstens, Samuel Hammer, Julian DellaColetta, Fabian Maier, and Maksym Gachkivskyi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17907–17926, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17907-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17907-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The radon tracer method is applied to atmospheric methane and radon observations from the upper Rhine valley to independently estimate methane emissions from the region. Comparison of our top-down results with bottom-up inventory data requires high-resolution footprint modelling and representative radon flux data. In agreement with inventories, observed emissions decreased, but only until 2005. A limitation of this method is that point-source emissions are not captured or not fully captured.
Zhixiong Chen, Jane Liu, Xugeng Cheng, Mengmiao Yang, and Hong Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16911–16923, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16911-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16911-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using a large ensemble of typhoons, we investigate the impacts of evolving typhoons on tropospheric ozone and address the linkages between typhoon-affected meteorological conditions and ozone variations. The influences of typhoon-induced stratospheric intrusions on lower-troposphere ozone are also quantified. Thus, the results obtained in this study have important implications for a full understanding of the multifaced roles of typhoons in modulating tropospheric ozone variation.
Yang Yang, Minqiang Zhou, Ting Wang, Bo Yao, Pengfei Han, Denghui Ji, Wei Zhou, Yele Sun, Gengchen Wang, and Pucai Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11741–11757, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11741-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11741-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces the in situ CO2 measurement system installed in Beijing (urban), Xianghe (suburban), and Xinglong (rural) in North China for the first time. The spatial and temporal variations in CO2 mole fractions at the three sites between June 2018 and April 2020 are discussed on both seasonal and diurnal scales.
Dmitry V. Ionov, Maria V. Makarova, Frank Hase, Stefani C. Foka, Vladimir S. Kostsov, Carlos Alberti, Thomas Blumenstock, Thorsten Warneke, and Yana A. Virolainen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10939–10963, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10939-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10939-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Megacities are a significant source of emissions of various substances in the atmosphere, including carbon dioxide, which is the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas. In 2019–2020, the Emission Monitoring Mobile Experiment was carried out in St Petersburg, which is the second-largest industrial city in Russia. The results of this experiment, coupled with numerical modelling, helped to estimate the amount of CO2 emitted by the city. This value was twice as high as predicted.
Cheng Hu, Jiaping Xu, Cheng Liu, Yan Chen, Dong Yang, Wenjing Huang, Lichen Deng, Shoudong Liu, Timothy J. Griffis, and Xuhui Lee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10015–10037, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10015-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10015-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Seventy percent of global CO2 emissions were emitted from urban landscapes. The Yangtze River delta (YRD) ranks as one of the most densely populated regions in the world and is an anthropogenic CO2 hotspot. Besides anthropogenic factors, natural ecosystems and croplands act as significant CO2 sinks and sources. Independent quantification of the fossil and cement CO2 emission and assessment of their impact on atmospheric δ13C-CO2 have potential to improve our understanding of urban CO2 cycling.
Cited articles
Ai, Y., Li, W., Meng, Z., and Li, J.: Life cycle characteristics of MCSs in middle east China tracked by geostationary satellite and precipitation estimates, Mon. Weather Rev., 144, 2517–2530, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-15-0197.1, 2016.
Awang, N. R., Ramli, N. A., Yahaya, A. S., and Elbayoumi, M.: High nighttime ground-level ozone concentrations in Kemaman: NO and NO2 concentrations attributions, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 15, 1357–1366, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2015.01.0031, 2015.
Banta, R. M., Newsom, R. K., Lundquist, J. K., Pichugina, Y. L., Coulter, R. L., and Mahrt, L.: Nocturnal low-level jet characteristics over Kansas during CASES-99, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 105, 221–252, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019992330866, 2002.
Brown, S. S., Neuman, J. A., Ryerson, T. B., Trainer, M., Dubé, W. P., Holloway, J. S., Warneke, C., de Gouw, J. A., Donnelly, S. G., Atlas, E., Matthew, B., Middlebrook, A. M., Peltier, R., Weber, R. J., Stohl, A., Meagher, J. F., Fehsenfeld, F. C., and Ravishankara, A. R.: Nocturnal odd-oxygen budget and its implications for ozone loss in the lower troposphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L08801, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL025900, 2006.
Caird, M. A., Richards, J. H., and Donovan, L. A.: Nighttime stomatal conductance and transpiration in C3 and C4 plants, Plant Physiol., 143, 4–10, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.106.092940, 2007.
Caputi, D. J., Faloona, I., Trousdell, J., Smoot, J., Falk, N., and Conley, S.: Residual layer ozone, mixing, and the nocturnal jet in California's San Joaquin Valley, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 4721–4740, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4721-2019, 2019.
Carlton, A. G., Bhave, P. V., Napelenok, S. L., Edney, E. O., Sarwar, G., Pinder, R. W., Pouliot, G. A., and Houyoux, M.: Model representation of secondary organic aerosol in CMAQv4.7, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 8553–8560, https://doi.org/10.1021/es100636q, 2010.
Carré, J., Gatimel, N., Moreau, J., Parinaud, J., and Leandri, R.: Influence of air quality on the results of in vitro fertilization attempts: A retrospective study, Eur. J. Obstet. Gyn. R. B., 210, 116–122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.12.012, 2017.
Carter, W. P. L.: Development of the SAPRC-07 chemical mechanism, Atmos. Environ., 44, 5324–5335, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.01.026, 2010.
Chen, F. and Dudhia, J.: Coupling an advanced land surface–hydrology model with the Penn State–NCAR MM5 modeling system. Part I: Model implementation and sensitivity, Mon. Weather Rev., 129, 569–585, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0569:CAALSH>2.0.CO;2, 2001.
Chen, X., Zhao, K., and Xue, M.: Spatial and temporal characteristics of warm season convection over Pearl River Delta region, China, based on 3 years of operational radar data, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 12447–12465, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jd021965, 2014.
Chen, X., Zhong, B., Huang, F., Wang, X., Sarkar, S., Jia, S., Deng, X., Chen, D., and Shao, M.: The role of natural factors in constraining long-term tropospheric ozone trends over southern China, Atmos. Environ., 220, 117060, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117060, 2020.
Cirelli, D., Equiza, M. A., Lieffers, V. J., and Tyree, M. T.: Populus species from diverse habitats maintain high night-time conductance under drought, Tree Physiol., 36, 229–242, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpv092, 2016.
CMA – China Meteorological Administration: National Meteorological Information Centre, http://www.cma.gov.cn/, last access: 10 February 2022.
Dias-Junior, C. Q., Dias, N. L., Fuentes, J. D., and Chamecki, M.: Convective storms and non-classical low-level jets during high ozone level episodes in the Amazon region: An ARM/GOAMAZON case study, Atmos. Environ., 155, 199–209, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.02.006, 2017.
Du, Y. and Chen, G.: Heavy rainfall associated with double low-level jets over southern China. Part II: Convection initiation, Mon. Weather Rev., 147, 543–565, https://doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-18-0102.1, 2019.
Emmons, L. K., Walters, S., Hess, P. G., Lamarque, J.-F., Pfister, G. G., Fillmore, D., Granier, C., Guenther, A., Kinnison, D., Laepple, T., Orlando, J., Tie, X., Tyndall, G., Wiedinmyer, C., Baughcum, S. L., and Kloster, S.: Description and evaluation of the Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4), Geosci. Model Dev., 3, 43–67, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-3-43-2010, 2010.
EPA: Guidance on the use of models and other analyses for demonstrating attainment of air quality goals for ozone, PM2.5, and regional haze, https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-10/documents/final-03-pm-rh-guidance.pdf (last access: 10 February 2022), 2017.
Fan, X., Xia, X., Chen, H., Zhu, Y., Li, J., Yang, H., and Luo, H.: Baseline of Surface and Column-Integrated Aerosol Loadings in the Pearl River Delta Region, China, Front. Environ. Sci., 10, 574, https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.893408, 2022.
Fast, J. D. and McCorcle, M. D.: A two-dimensional numerical sensitivity study of the Great Plains low-level jet, Mon. Weather Rev., 118, 151–164, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1990)118<0151:ATDNSS>2.0.CO;2, 1990.
Feng, Y., Ning, M., Lei, Y., Sun, Y., Liu, W., and Wang, J.: Defending blue sky in China: Effectiveness of the “Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan” on air quality improvements from 2013 to 2017, J. Environ. Manage., 252, 109603, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109603, 2019.
Fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts: ERA5 hourly data on pressure levels from 1959 to present, https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/home, last access: 10 February 2022.
George, J. J.: Weather forecasting for aeronautics, Academic Press, https://doi.org/10.1016/C2013-0-12567-6, 1960.
Gong, D., Wang, H., Zhang, S., Wang, Y., Liu, S. C., Guo, H., Shao, M., He, C., Chen, D., He, L., Zhou, L., Morawska, L., Zhang, Y., and Wang, B.: Low-level summertime isoprene observed at a forested mountaintop site in southern China: implications for strong regional atmospheric oxidative capacity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14417–14432, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14417-2018, 2018.
Grant, D. D., Fuentes, J. D., DeLonge, M. S., Chan, S., Joseph, E., Kucera, P., Ndiaye, S. A., and Gaye, A. T.: Ozone transport by mesoscale convective storms in western Senegal, Atmos. Environ., 42, 7104–7114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.05.044, 2008.
Grell, G. A. and Dévényi, D.: A generalized approach to parameterizing convection combining ensemble and data assimilation techniques, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 381–384, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gl015311, 2002.
Guenther, A., Karl, T., Harley, P., Wiedinmyer, C., Palmer, P. I., and Geron, C.: Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3181–3210, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3181-2006, 2006.
Han, C., Liu, R., Luo, H., Li, G., Ma, S., Chen, J., and An, T.: Pollution profiles of volatile organic compounds from different urban functional areas in Guangzhou China based on GC/MS and PTR-TOF-MS: Atmospheric environmental implications, Atmos. Environ., 214, 116843, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116843, 2019.
He, Y., Wang, H., Wang, H., Xu, X., Li, Y., and Fan, S.: Meteorology and topographic influences on nocturnal ozone increase during the summertime over Shaoguan, China, Atmos. Environ., 256, 118459, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118459, 2021.
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Horányi, A., Muñoz-Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Abdalla, S., Abellan, X., Balsamo, G., Bechtold, P., Biavati, G., Bidlot, J., Bonavita, M., Chiara, G., Dahlgren, P., Dee, D., Diamantakis, M., Dragani, R., Flemming, J., Forbes, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A., Haimberger, L., Healy, S., Hogan, R. J., Hólm, E., Janisková, M., Keeley, S., Laloyaux, P., Lopez, P., Lupu, C., Radnoti, G., Rosnay, P., Rozum, I., Vamborg, F., Villaume, S., and Thépaut, J. N.: The ERA5 global reanalysis, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 146, 1999–2049, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803, 2020.
HKEPD: Pearl River Delta Regional Air Quality Monitoring Report for Year 2017, https://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/sites/default/files/epd/english/resources_pub/publications/files/PRD_2017_report_en.pdf (last access: 10 February 2022), 2017.
Hodges, D. and Pu, Z. X.: Characteristics and variations of low-level jets and environmental factors associated with summer precipitation extremes over the Great Plains, J. Climate, 32, 5123–5144, https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0553.1, 2019.
Hu, X. M., Klein, P. M., Xue, M., Zhang, F., Doughty, D. C., Forkel, R., Joseph, E., and Fuentes, J. D.: Impact of the vertical mixing induced by low-level jets on boundary layer ozone concentration, Atmos. Environ., 70, 123–130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.12.046, 2013.
Iacono, M. J., Delamere, J. S., Mlawer, E. J., Shephard, M. W., Clough, S. A., and Collins, W. D.: Radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases: Calculations with the AER radiative transfer models, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D13103, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jd009944, 2008.
Jacob, D. J.: Heterogeneous chemistry and tropospheric ozone, Atmos. Environ., 34, 2131–2159, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00462-8, 2000.
Jain, S. L., Arya, B. C., Kumar, A., Ghude, S. D., and Kulkarni, P. S.: Observational study of surface ozone at New Delhi, India, Int. J. Remote Sens., 26, 3515–3524, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160500076616, 2007.
Jiménez, P., Parra, R., and Baldasano, J. M.: Influence of initial and boundary conditions for ozone modeling in very complex terrains: A case study in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula, Environ. Modell. Softw., 22, 1294–1306, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2006.08.004, 2007.
Johnson, D. L.: A stability analysis of AVE-IV severe weather sounding, NASA Tech. Paper, 2045–2126, https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19830006553
(last access: 10 February 2022), 1982.
Kallistratova, M. A.: Investigation of low-level-jets over rural and urban areas using two sodars, IOP C. Ser. Earth Env., 1, 012040, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1/1/012040, 2008.
Klein, A., Ravetta, F., Thomas, J. L., Ancellet, G., Augustin, P., Wilson, R., Dieudonné, E., Fourmentin, M., Delbarre, H., and Pelon, J.: Influence of vertical mixing and nighttime transport on surface ozone variability in the morning in Paris and the surrounding region, Atmos. Environ., 197, 92–102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.10.009, 2019.
Kleinman, L., Lee, Y. N., Springston, S. R., Nunnermacker, L., Zhou, X., Brown, R., Hallock, K., Klotz, P., Leahy, D., and Lee, J. H.: Ozone formation at a rural site in the southeastern United States, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 99, 3469–3482, https://doi.org/10.1029/93JD02991, 1994.
Kuang, S., Newchurch, M. J., Burris, J., Wang, L., Buckley, P. I., Johnson, S., Knupp, K., Huang, G., Phillips, D., and Cantrell, W.: Nocturnal ozone enhancement in the lower troposphere observed by lidar, Atmos. Environ., 45, 6078–6084, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.07.038, 2011.
Kulkarni, P. S., Bortoli, D., and Silva, A. M.: Nocturnal surface ozone enhancement and trend over urban and suburban sites in Portugal, Atmos. Environ., 71, 251–259, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.01.051, 2013.
Kulkarni, P. S., Bortoli, D., Silva, A. M., and Reeves, C. E.: Enhancements in nocturnal surface ozone at urban sites in the UK, Environ. Sci. Pollut. R., 22, 20295–20305, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5259-z, 2015.
Kurt, O. K., Zhang, J., and Pinkerton, K. E.: Pulmonary health effects of air pollution, Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med., 22, 138–143, https://doi.org/10.1097/MCP.0000000000000248, 2016.
Li, K., Jacob, D. J., Liao, H., Zhu, J., Shah, V., Shen, L., Bates, K. H., Zhang, Q., and Zhai, S.: A two-pollutant strategy for improving ozone and particulate air quality in China, Nat. Geosci., 12, 906–910, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0464-x, 2019.
Li, M., Liu, H., Geng, G., Hong, C., Liu, F., Song, Y., Tong, D., Zheng, B., Cui, H., Man, H., Zhang, Q., and He, K.: Anthropogenic emission inventories in China: a review, Natl. Sci. Rev., 4, 834–866, https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwx150, 2017.
Li, X. B., Yuan, B., Parrish, D. D., Chen, D., Song, Y., Yang, S., Liu, Z., and Shao, M.: Long-term trend of ozone in southern China reveals future mitigation strategy for air pollution, Atmos. Environ., 269, 118869, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118869, 2022.
Li, Y., Wang, W., Chang, M., and Wang, X.: Impacts of urbanization on extreme precipitation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area, Urban Clim., 38, 100904, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100904, 2021.
Liao, Z., Ling, Z., Gao, M., Sun, J., Zhao, W., Ma, P., Quan, J., and Fan, S.: Tropospheric ozone variability over Hong Kong based on recent 20 years (2000–2019) ozonesonde observation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, e2020JD033054, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jd033054, 2021.
Lin, Y., Farley, R. D., and Orville, H. D.: Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 22, 1065–1092, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1983)022<1065:BPOTSF>2.0.CO;2, 1983.
Liu, H., Zhang, M., and Han, X.: A review of surface ozone source apportionment in China, Atmos. Ocean. Sci. Lett., 13, 470–484, https://doi.org/10.1080/16742834.2020.1768025, 2020.
Liu, X. H., Zhang, Y., Xing, J., Zhang, Q., Wang, K., Streets, D. G., Jang, C., Wang, W., and Hao, J. M.: Understanding of regional air pollution over China using CMAQ, part II. Process analysis and sensitivity of ozone and particulate matter to precursor emissions, Atmos. Environ., 44, 3719–3727, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.03.036, 2010.
Lu, K., Zhang, Y., Su, H., Shao, M., Zeng, L., Zhong, L., Xiang, Y., Chang, C., Chou, C. K. C., and Wahner, A.: Regional ozone pollution and key controlling factors of photochemical ozone production in Pearl River Delta during summer time, Sci. China Chem., 53, 651–663, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-010-0055-6, 2010.
Lu, X., Zhang, L., Wang, X., Gao, M., Li, K., Zhang, Y., Yue, X., and Zhang, Y.: Rapid increases in warm-season surface ozone and resulting health impact in China since 2013, Environ. Sci. Tech. Let., 7, 240–247, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00171, 2020.
Ma, Z., Xu, J., Quan, W., Zhang, Z., Lin, W., and Xu, X.: Significant increase of surface ozone at a rural site, north of eastern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3969–3977, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3969-2016, 2016.
Mann, H. B.: Nonparametric tests against trend, Econometrica, 13, 245–259, https://doi.org/10.2307/1907187, 1945.
Mao, J., Yan, F., Zheng, L., You, Y., Wang, W., Jia, S., Liao, W., Wang, X., and Chen, W.: Ozone control strategies for local formation- and regional transport-dominant scenarios in a manufacturing city in southern China, Sci. Total Environ., 813, 151883, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151883, 2022.
Marelle, L., Myhre, G., Steensen, B. M., Hodnebrog, Ø., Alterskjær, K., and Sillmann, J.: Urbanization in megacities increases the frequency of extreme precipitation events far more than their intensity, Environ. Res. Lett., 15, 124072, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abcc8f, 2020.
McCorcle, M. D.: Simulation of surface-moisture effects on the Great Plains low-level jet, Mon. Weather Rev., 116, 1705–1720, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1988)116<1705:SOSMEO>2.0.CO;2, 1988.
MEE: The Ministry of Ecology and Environment of People's Republic of China, Guidelines for selection of ambient air quality models (Trial), https://english.mee.gov.cn/Resources/standards/Air_Environment/quality_standard1/201605/t20160511_337502.shtml (lass access: 10 February 2022), 2015.
Monin, A. S. and Obukhov, A. M.: Basic laws of turbulent mixing in the surface layer of the atmosphere, Contrib. Geophys. Inst. Acad. Sci. USSR, 151, e187, https://gibbs.science/efd/handouts/monin_obukhov_1954.pdf (last access: 10 February 2022), 1954.
Mousavinezhad, S., Choi, Y., Pouyaei, A., Ghahremanloo, M., and Nelson, D. L.: A comprehensive investigation of surface ozone pollution in China, 2015–2019: Separating the contributions from meteorology and precursor emissions, Atmos. Res., 257, 105599, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105599, 2021.
Nair, P. R., Chand, D., Lal, S., Modh, K. S., Naja, M., Parameswaran, K., Ravindran, S., and Venkataramani, S.: Temporal variations in surface ozone at Thumba (8.6∘ N, 77∘ E) – a tropical coastal site in India, Atmos. Environ., 36, 603–610, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00527-1, 2002.
Nakanishi, M. and Niino, H.: An improved Mellor–Yamada Level-3 model: Its numerical stability and application to a regional prediction of advection fog, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 119, 397–407, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-005-9030-8, 2006.
Nikolic, J., Zhong, S., Pei, L., Bian, X., Heilman, W. E., and Charney, J. J.: Sensitivity of low-level jets to land-use and land-cover change over the continental US, Atmosphere, 10, 174, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10040174, 2019.
Olauson, J.: ERA5: The new champion of wind power modelling?, Renew. Energ., 126, 322–331, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.03.056, 2018.
Ploeger, F., Diallo, M., Charlesworth, E., Konopka, P., Legras, B., Laube, J. C., Grooß, J.-U., Günther, G., Engel, A., and Riese, M.: The stratospheric Brewer–Dobson circulation inferred from age of air in the ERA5 reanalysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8393–8412, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8393-2021, 2021.
Prtenjak, M. T., Jerièeviæ, A., Klaiæ, Z. B., Alebiæ-Juretiæ, A., and Buliæ, I. H.: Atmospheric dynamics and elevated ozone concentrations in the northern Adriatic, Meteorol. Appl., 20, 482–496, https://doi.org/10.1002/met.1312, 2013.
Ravishankara, A. R.: Are chlorine atoms significant tropospheric free radicals?, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 13639–13640, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0907089106, 2009.
Salmond, J. A. and McKendry, I. G.: Secondary ozone maxima in a very stable nocturnal boundary layer: Observations from the Lower Fraser Valley, BC, Atmos. Environ., 36, 5771–5782, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00698-2, 2002.
Seibert, P., Feldmann, H., Neininger, B., Baumle, M., and Trickl, T.: South foehn and ozone in the Eastern Alps – case study and climatological aspects, Atmos. Environ., 34, 1379–1394, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00439-2, 2000.
Sen, P. K.: Estimates of the regression coefficient based on Kendall's tau, J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 63, 1379–1389, https://doi.org/10.2307/2285891, 1968.
Seto, K. C., Guneralp, B., and Hutyra, L. R.: Global forecasts of urban expansion to 2030 and direct impacts on biodiversity and carbon pools, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 16083–16088, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1211658109, 2012.
Shen, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, X., Li, J., Chen, H., Liu, R., Zhong, L., Jiang, M., Yue, D., Chen, D., and Lv, W.: An ozone episode over the Pearl River Delta in October 2008, Atmos. Environ., 122, 852–863, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.03.036, 2015.
Shith, S., Awang, N. R., Latif, M. T., and Ramli, N. A.: Fluctuations in nighttime ground-level ozone concentrations during haze events in Malaysia, Air Qual. Atmos. Hlth., 14, 19–26, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00908-5, 2021.
Sousa, S. I. V., Alvim-Ferraz, M. C. M., and Martins, F. G.: Identification and origin of nocturnal ozone maxima at urban and rural areas of northern Portugal – Influence of horizontal transport, Atmos. Environ., 45, 942–956, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.008, 2011.
Stull, R. B.: An introduction to boundary layer meteorology, Springer Science and Business Media, ISBN 978-94-009-3027-8, 1988.
Sugimoto, N., Nishizawa, T., Liu, X., Matsui, I., Shimizu, A., Zhang, Y., Kim, Y. J., Li, R., and Liu, J.: Continuous observations of aerosol profiles with a two-wavelength Mie-scattering lidar in Guangzhou in PRD2006, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 48, 1822–1830, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JAMC2089.1, 2009.
Sullivan, J. T., Rabenhorst, S. D., Dreessen, J., McGee, T. J., Delgado, R., Twigg, L., and Sumnicht, G.: Lidar observations revealing transport of O3 in the presence of a nocturnal low-level jet: Regional implications for “next-day” pollution, Atmos. Environ., 158, 160–171, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.03.039, 2017.
Tong, N. Y. O. and Leung, D. Y. C.: Ozone diurnal characteristics in areas with different urbanisations, Int. J. Environ. Pollut., 49, 100–124, https://doi.org/10.1504/Ijep.2012.049771, 2012.
Trier, S. B., Wilson, J. W., Ahijevych, D. A., and Sobash, R. A.: Mesoscale vertical motions near nocturnal convection initiation in PECAN, Mon. Weather Rev., 145, 2919–2941, https://doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-17-0005.1, 2017.
Udina, M., Soler, M. R., Olid, M., Jiménez-Esteve, B., and Bech, J.: Pollutant vertical mixing in the nocturnal boundary layer enhanced by density currents and low-level jets: Two representative case studies, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 174, 203–230, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-019-00483-y, 2019.
Wang, T., Wei, X. L., Ding, A. J., Poon, C. N., Lam, K. S., Li, Y. S., Chan, L. Y., and Anson, M.: Increasing surface ozone concentrations in the background atmosphere of Southern China, 1994–2007, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6217–6227, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6217-2009, 2009.
Wang, T., Xue, L., Brimblecombe, P., Lam, Y. F., Li, L., and Zhang, L.: Ozone pollution in China: A review of concentrations, meteorological influences, chemical precursors, and effects, Sci. Total Environ., 575, 1582–1596, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.081, 2017.
Wang, T., Dai, J., Lam, K. S., Nan Poon, C., and Brasseur, G. P.: Twenty-five years of lower tropospheric ozone observations in tropical East Asia: The influence of emissions and weather patterns, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 11463–11470, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084459, 2019.
Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Hu, Y., Zhou, W., Lu, K., Zhong, L., Zeng, L., Shao, M., Hu, M., and Russell, A. G.: Process analysis and sensitivity study of regional ozone formation over the Pearl River Delta, China, during the PRIDE-PRD2004 campaign using the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4423–4437, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-4423-2010, 2010.
Wang, X., Situ, S., Guenther, A., Chen, F. E. I., Wu, Z., Xia, B., and Wang, T.: Spatiotemporal variability of biogenic terpenoid emissions in Pearl River Delta, China, with high-resolution land-cover and meteorological data, Tellus B, 63, 241–254, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00523.x, 2011.
Wu, X., Yuan, T., Qie, K., and Luo, J.: Geographical distribution of extreme deep and intense convective storms on Earth, Atmos. Res., 235, 104789, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104789, 2020.
Wyat Appel, K., Napelenok, S., Hogrefe, C., Pouliot, G., Foley, K. M., Roselle, S. J., Pleim, J. E., Bash, J., Pye, H. O. T., Heath, N., Murphy, B., and Mathur, R.: Overview and evaluation of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system version 5.2, in: Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXV, Springer Proceedings in Complexity, Springer, 69–73, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57645-9_11, 2018.
Xue, L., Wang, T., Louie, P. K., Luk, C. W., Blake, D. R., and Xu, Z.: Increasing external effects negate local efforts to control ozone air pollution: A case study of Hong Kong and implications for other Chinese cities, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 10769–10775, https://doi.org/10.1021/es503278g, 2014.
Yang, C., Li, Q., Hu, Z., Chen, J., Shi, T., Ding, K., and Wu, G.: Spatiotemporal evolution of urban agglomerations in four major bay areas of US, China and Japan from 1987 to 2017: Evidence from remote sensing images, Sci. Total Environ., 671, 232–247, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.154, 2019.
Yang, L., Luo, H., Yuan, Z., Zheng, J., Huang, Z., Li, C., Lin, X., Louie, P. K. K., Chen, D., and Bian, Y.: Quantitative impacts of meteorology and precursor emission changes on the long-term trend of ambient ozone over the Pearl River Delta, China, and implications for ozone control strategy, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 12901–12916, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12901-2019, 2019.
Yue, X., Unger, N., Harper, K., Xia, X., Liao, H., Zhu, T., Xiao, J., Feng, Z., and Li, J.: Ozone and haze pollution weakens net primary productivity in China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 6073–6089, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6073-2017, 2017.
Yusoff, M. F., Latif, M. T., Juneng, L., Khan, M. F., Ahamad, F., Chung, J. X., and Mohtar, A. A. A.: Spatio-temporal assessment of nocturnal surface ozone in Malaysia, Atmos. Environ., 207, 105–116, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.03.023, 2019.
Zheng, B., Tong, D., Li, M., Liu, F., Hong, C., Geng, G., Li, H., Li, X., Peng, L., Qi, J., Yan, L., Zhang, Y., Zhao, H., Zheng, Y., He, K., and Zhang, Q.: Trends in China's anthropogenic emissions since 2010 as the consequence of clean air actions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14095–14111, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14095-2018, 2018.
Zhang, B., Li, J., Wang, M., Duan, P., and Li, C.: Using DMSP/OLS and NPP/VIIRS images to analyze the expansion of 21 urban agglomerations in mainland China, J. Urban Plan. Dev., 147, 04021024, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)up.1943-5444.0000690, 2021.
Zhang, R., Lei, W., Tie, X., and Hess, P.: Industrial emissions cause extreme urban ozone diurnal variability, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101, 6346–6350, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0401484101, 2004.
Zhong, Z., Zheng, J., Zhu, M., Huang, Z., Zhang, Z., Jia, G., Wang, X., Bian, Y., Wang, Y., and Li, N.: Recent developments of anthropogenic air pollutant emission inventories in Guangdong province, China, Sci. Total Environ., 627, 1080–1092, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.268, 2018.
Zhu, X. W., Ma, Z. Q., Li, Z. M., Wu, J., Guo, H., Yin, X. M., Ma, X. H., and Qiao, L.: Impacts of meteorological conditions on nocturnal surface ozone enhancement during the summertime in Beijing, Atmos. Environ., 225, 117368, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117368, 2020.
Ziemann, A., Starke, M., and Leiding, T.: Sensitivity of nocturnal low-level jets to land-use parameters and meteorological quantities, Adv. Sci. Res., 16, 85–93, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-16-85-2019, 2019.
Short summary
Relying on observed and simulated data, we determine the spatiotemporal characteristics of nocturnal O3 increase (NOI) events in the Pearl River Delta region during 2006–2019. Low-level jets and convective storms are the main meteorological processes causing NOI. Daytime O3 is another essential influencing factor. More importantly, a more prominent role of meteorological processes in NOI has been demonstrated. Our study highlights the important role of meteorology in nocturnal O3 pollution.
Relying on observed and simulated data, we determine the spatiotemporal characteristics of...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint