Articles | Volume 22, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3045-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3045-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Analysis of reduced and oxidized nitrogen-containing organic compounds at a coastal site in summer and winter
Jenna C. Ditto
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
now at: Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
Jo Machesky
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
Drew R. Gentner
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
Related authors
Michael F. Link, Megan S. Claflin, Christina E. Cecelski, Ayomide A. Akande, Delaney Kilgour, Paul A. Heine, Matthew Coggon, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Andrew Jensen, Jie Yu, Han N. Huynh, Jenna C. Ditto, Carsten Warneke, William Dresser, Keighan Gemmell, Spiro Jorga, Rileigh L. Robertson, Joost de Gouw, Timothy Bertram, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, Nadine Borduas-Dedekind, and Dustin Poppendieck
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 1013–1038, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1013-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1013-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) is widely used for the measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) both indoors and outdoors. An analytical challenge for PTR-MS measurements is the formation of unintended measurement interferences, product ion distributions (PIDs), that may appear in the data as VOCs of interest. We developed a method for quantifying PID formation and use interlaboratory comparison data to put quantitative constraints on PID formation.
Jenna C. Ditto, Megan He, Tori N. Hass-Mitchell, Samar G. Moussa, Katherine Hayden, Shao-Meng Li, John Liggio, Amy Leithead, Patrick Lee, Michael J. Wheeler, Jeremy J. B. Wentzell, and Drew R. Gentner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 255–267, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-255-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-255-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Forest fires are an important source of reactive organic gases and aerosols to the atmosphere. We analyzed organic aerosols collected from an aircraft above a boreal forest fire and reported an increasing contribution from compounds containing oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur as the plume aged, with sulfide and ring-bound nitrogen functionality. Our results demonstrated chemistry that is important in biomass burning but also in urban/developing regions with high local nitrogen and sulfur emissions.
Michael F. Link, Megan S. Claflin, Christina E. Cecelski, Ayomide A. Akande, Delaney Kilgour, Paul A. Heine, Matthew Coggon, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Andrew Jensen, Jie Yu, Han N. Huynh, Jenna C. Ditto, Carsten Warneke, William Dresser, Keighan Gemmell, Spiro Jorga, Rileigh L. Robertson, Joost de Gouw, Timothy Bertram, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, Nadine Borduas-Dedekind, and Dustin Poppendieck
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 1013–1038, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1013-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1013-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) is widely used for the measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) both indoors and outdoors. An analytical challenge for PTR-MS measurements is the formation of unintended measurement interferences, product ion distributions (PIDs), that may appear in the data as VOCs of interest. We developed a method for quantifying PID formation and use interlaboratory comparison data to put quantitative constraints on PID formation.
Sunhye Kim, Jo Machesky, Drew R. Gentner, and Albert A. Presto
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1281–1298, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1281-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1281-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Cooking emissions are often an overlooked source of air pollution. We used a mobile lab to measure the characteristics of particles emitted from cooking sites in two cities. Our findings showed that cooking releases a substantial number of fine particles. While most emissions were similar, a bakery site showed distinctive chemical compositions with higher nitrogen compound levels. Thus, understanding the particle emissions from different cooking activities is crucial.
Andrew T. Lambe, Bin Bai, Masayuki Takeuchi, Nicole Orwat, Paul M. Zimmerman, Mitchell W. Alton, Nga L. Ng, Andrew Freedman, Megan S. Claflin, Drew R. Gentner, Douglas R. Worsnop, and Pengfei Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13869–13882, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13869-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13869-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a new method to generate nitrate radicals (NO3) for atmospheric chemistry applications that works by irradiating mixtures containing ceric ammonium nitrate with a UV light at room temperature. It has several advantages over traditional NO3 sources. We characterized its performance over a range of mixture and reactor conditions as well as other irradiation products. Proof of concept was demonstrated by generating and characterizing oxidation products of the β-pinene + NO3 reaction.
Benjamin N. Murphy, Darrell Sonntag, Karl M. Seltzer, Havala O. T. Pye, Christine Allen, Evan Murray, Claudia Toro, Drew R. Gentner, Cheng Huang, Shantanu Jathar, Li Li, Andrew A. May, and Allen L. Robinson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13469–13483, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13469-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13469-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We update methods for calculating organic particle and vapor emissions from mobile sources in the USA. Conventionally, particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic carbon (VOC) are speciated without consideration of primary semivolatile emissions. Our methods integrate state-of-the-science speciation profiles and correct for common artifacts when sampling emissions in a laboratory. We quantify impacts of the emission updates on ambient pollution with the Community Multiscale Air Quality model.
Misti Levy Zamora, Colby Buehler, Abhirup Datta, Drew R. Gentner, and Kirsten Koehler
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 169–179, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-169-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-169-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We assessed five pairs of co-located reference and low-cost sensor data sets (PM2.5, O3, NO2, NO, and CO) to make recommendations for best practices regarding the field calibration of low-cost air quality sensors. We found diminishing improvements for calibration periods longer than about 6 weeks for all sensors and that co-location can be minimized if the period is strategically selected and monitored so that the calibration period is representative of the desired measurement setting.
Peeyush Khare, Jordan E. Krechmer, Jo E. Machesky, Tori Hass-Mitchell, Cong Cao, Junqi Wang, Francesca Majluf, Felipe Lopez-Hilfiker, Sonja Malek, Will Wang, Karl Seltzer, Havala O. T. Pye, Roisin Commane, Brian C. McDonald, Ricardo Toledo-Crow, John E. Mak, and Drew R. Gentner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14377–14399, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14377-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14377-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonium adduct chemical ionization is used to examine the atmospheric abundances of oxygenated volatile organic compounds associated with emissions from volatile chemical products, which are now key contributors of reactive precursors to ozone and secondary organic aerosols in urban areas. The application of this valuable measurement approach in densely populated New York City enables the evaluation of emissions inventories and thus the role these oxygenated compounds play in urban air quality.
Katherine L. Hayden, Shao-Meng Li, John Liggio, Michael J. Wheeler, Jeremy J. B. Wentzell, Amy Leithead, Peter Brickell, Richard L. Mittermeier, Zachary Oldham, Cristian M. Mihele, Ralf M. Staebler, Samar G. Moussa, Andrea Darlington, Mengistu Wolde, Daniel Thompson, Jack Chen, Debora Griffin, Ellen Eckert, Jenna C. Ditto, Megan He, and Drew R. Gentner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12493–12523, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12493-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12493-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, airborne measurements provided the most detailed characterization, to date, of boreal forest wildfire emissions. Measurements showed a large diversity of air pollutants expanding the volatility range typically reported. A large portion of organic species was unidentified, likely comprised of complex organic compounds. Aircraft-derived emissions improve wildfire chemical speciation and can support reliable model predictions of pollution from boreal forest wildfires.
Colby Buehler, Fulizi Xiong, Misti Levy Zamora, Kate M. Skog, Joseph Kohrman-Glaser, Stefan Colton, Michael McNamara, Kevin Ryan, Carrie Redlich, Matthew Bartos, Brandon Wong, Branko Kerkez, Kirsten Koehler, and Drew R. Gentner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 995–1013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-995-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-995-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we develop a stationary and portable low-cost multipollutant monitor capable of measuring a variety of human-health- and climate-related pollutants. While traditional reference instrumentation is sparsely spaced, these monitors can be deployed as a network to gain insight into the spatial and temporal variability within an urban setting, or in other targeted studies. We also implement an online calibration system to address long-term drift of sensors and adjust calibrations.
Jenna C. Ditto, Megan He, Tori N. Hass-Mitchell, Samar G. Moussa, Katherine Hayden, Shao-Meng Li, John Liggio, Amy Leithead, Patrick Lee, Michael J. Wheeler, Jeremy J. B. Wentzell, and Drew R. Gentner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 255–267, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-255-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-255-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Forest fires are an important source of reactive organic gases and aerosols to the atmosphere. We analyzed organic aerosols collected from an aircraft above a boreal forest fire and reported an increasing contribution from compounds containing oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur as the plume aged, with sulfide and ring-bound nitrogen functionality. Our results demonstrated chemistry that is important in biomass burning but also in urban/developing regions with high local nitrogen and sulfur emissions.
Cited articles
Altieri, K. E., Turpin, B. J., and Seitzinger, S. P.: Composition of dissolved organic nitrogen in continental precipitation investigated by ultra-high resolution FT-ICR mass spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 6950–6955, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9007849, 2009.
Boone, E. J., Laskin, A., Laskin, J., Wirth, C., Shepson, P. B., Stirm, B. H., and Pratt, K. A.: Aqueous Processing of Atmospheric Organic Particles in Cloud Water Collected via Aircraft Sampling, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 8523–8530, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01639, 2015.
Borduas, N., Da Silva, G., Murphy, J. G., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Experimental and theoretical understanding of the gas phase oxidation of atmospheric amides with OH radicals: Kinetics, products, and mechanisms, J. Phys. Chem. A, 119, 4298–4308, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp503759f, 2015.
Brean, J., Dall'Osto, M., Simó, R., Shi, Z., Beddows, D. C. S., and Harrison, R. M.: Open ocean and coastal new particle formation from sulfuric acid and amines around the Antarctic Peninsula, Nat. Geosci., 14, 383–388, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00751-y, 2021.
Brege, M., Paglione, M., Gilardoni, S., Decesari, S., Facchini, M. C., and Mazzoleni, L. R.: Molecular insights on aging and aqueous-phase processing from ambient biomass burning emissions-influenced Po Valley fog and aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13197–13214, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13197-2018, 2018.
Chen, C. L., Chen, S., Russell, L. M., Liu, J., Price, D. J., Betha, R., Sanchez, K. J., Lee, A. K. Y., Williams, L., Collier, S. C., Zhang, Q., Kumar, A., Kleeman, M. J., Zhang, X., and Cappa, C. D.: Organic Aerosol Particle Chemical Properties Associated With Residential Burning and Fog in Wintertime San Joaquin Valley (Fresno) and With Vehicle and Firework Emissions in Summertime South Coast Air Basin (Fontana), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 10707–10731, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028374, 2018.
Cleveland, W. S., Kleiner, B., McRae, J. E., and Warner, J. L.: Photochemical air pollution: Transport from the New York City area into Connecticut and Massachusetts, Science, 191, 179–181, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1246603, 1976.
Dall'Osto, M., Airs, R. L., Beale, R., Cree, C., Fitzsimons, M. F., Beddows, D., Harrison, R. M., Ceburnis, D., O'Dowd, C., Rinaldi, M., Paglione, M., Nenes, A., Decesari, S., and Simó, R.: Simultaneous Detection of Alkylamines in the Surface Ocean and Atmosphere of the Antarctic Sympagic Environment, ACS Earth Sp. Chem., 3, 854–862, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00028, 2019.
de Gouw, J. A., Middlebrook, A. M., Warneke, C., Goldan,
P. D., Kuster, W. C., Roberts, J. M., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Worsnop,
D. R., Canagaratna, M. R., Pszenny, A. A. P., Keene, W. C.,
Marchewka, M., Bertman, S. B., and Bates, T. S.: Budget of organic
carbon in a polluted atmosphere: Results from the New England Air
Quality Study in 2002, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, 1–22,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005623, 2005.
Decesari, S., Paglione, M., Rinaldi, M., Dall'Osto, M., Simó, R., Zanca, N., Volpi, F., Facchini, M. C., Hoffmann, T., Götz, S., Kampf, C. J., O'Dowd, C., Ceburnis, D., Ovadnevaite, J., and Tagliavini, E.: Shipborne measurements of Antarctic submicron organic aerosols: an NMR perspective linking multiple sources and bioregions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4193–4207, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4193-2020, 2020.
DeHaan, D. O., Corrigan, A. L., Smith, K. W., Stroik, D. R., Turley, J. J., Lee, F. E., Tolbert, M. A., Jimenez, J. L., Cordova, K. E., Ferrell, G. R., De Haan, D. O., Corrigan, A. L., Smith, K. W., Stroik, D. R., Turley, J. J., Lee, F. E., Tolbert, M. A., Jimenez, J. L., Cordova, K. E., and Ferrell, G. R.: Secondary organic aerosol-forming reactions of glyoxal with amino acids, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 2818–2824, https://doi.org/10.1021/es803534f, 2009.
Di, Q., Wang, Y., Zanobetti, A., Wang, Y., Koutrakis, P., Choirat, C., Dominici, F., and Schwartz, J. D.: Air pollution and mortality in the medicare population, New Engl. J. Med., 376, 2513–2522, https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1702747, 2017.
Di Lorenzo, R. A., Place, B. K., VandenBoer, T. C., and Young, C. J.: Composition of Size-Resolved Aged Boreal Fire Aerosols: Brown Carbon, Biomass Burning Tracers, and Reduced Nitrogen, ACS Earth Sp. Chem., 2, 278–285, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.7b00137, 2018.
Ditto, J. C., Barnes, E. B., Khare, P., Takeuchi, M., Joo, T., Bui, A. A. T., Lee-Taylor, J., Eris, G., Chen, Y., Aumont, B., Jimenez, J. L., Ng, N. L., Griffin, R. J., and Gentner, D. R.: An omnipresent diversity and variability in the chemical composition of atmospheric functionalized organic aerosol, Commun. Chem., 1, 75, https://doi.org/10.1038/s42004-018-0074-3, 2018.
Ditto, J. C., Joo, T., Khare, P., Sheu, R., Takeuchi, M., Chen, Y., Xu, W., Bui, A. A. T., Sun, Y., Ng, N. L., and Gentner, D. R.: Effects of Molecular-Level Compositional Variability in Organic Aerosol on Phase State and Thermodynamic Mixing Behavior, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 13009–13018, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b02664, 2019.
Ditto, J. C., Joo, T., Slade, J. H., Shepson, P. B., Ng, N. L., and Gentner, D. R.: Nontargeted Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis Reveals Diversity and Variability in Aerosol Functional Groups across Multiple Sites, Seasons, and Times of Day, Environ. Sci. Tech. Let., 7, 60–69, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00702, 2020.
Ditto, J. C., He, M., Hass-Mitchell, T. N., Moussa, S. G., Hayden, K., Li, S.-M., Liggio, J., Leithead, A., Lee, P., Wheeler, M. J., Wentzell, J. J. B., and Gentner, D. R.: Atmospheric evolution of emissions from a boreal forest fire: the formation of highly functionalized oxygen-, nitrogen-, and sulfur-containing organic compounds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 255–267, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-255-2021, 2021.
Donahue, N. M., Epstein, S. A., Pandis, S. N., and Robinson, A. L.: A two-dimensional volatility basis set: 1. organic-aerosol mixing thermodynamics, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3303–3318, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3303-2011, 2011.
Dührkop, K., Shen, H., Meusel, M., Rousu, J., and Böcker, S.: Searching molecular structure databases with tandem mass spectra using CSI:FingerID, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, 12580–12585, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509788112, 2015.
Dührkop, K., Fleischauer, M., Ludwig, M., Aksenov, A. A., Melnik, A. V., Meusel, M., Dorrestein, P. C., Rousu, J., and Böcker, S.: SIRIUS 4: a rapid tool for turning tandem mass spectra into metabolite structure information, Nat. Methods, 16, 299–302, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0344-8, 2019.
Dunlea, E. J., Herndon, S. C., Nelson, D. D., Volkamer, R. M., San Martini, F., Sheehy, P. M., Zahniser, M. S., Shorter, J. H., Wormhoudt, J. C., Lamb, B. K., Allwine, E. J., Gaffney, J. S., Marley, N. A., Grutter, M., Marquez, C., Blanco, S., Cardenas, B., Retama, A., Ramos Villegas, C. R., Kolb, C. E., Molina, L. T., and Molina, M. J.: Evaluation of nitrogen dioxide chemiluminescence monitors in a polluted urban environment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2691–2704, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-2691-2007, 2007.
Ervens, B., Turpin, B. J., and Weber, R. J.: Secondary organic aerosol formation in cloud droplets and aqueous particles (aqSOA): a review of laboratory, field and model studies, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11069–11102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11069-2011, 2011.
Gaston, C. J., Quinn, P. K., Bates, T. S., Gilman, J. B., Bon, D. M., Kuster, W. C., and Prather, K. A.: The impact of shipping, agricultural, and urban emissions on single particle chemistry observed aboard the R/V Atlantis during CalNex, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 5003–5017, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50427, 2013.
Ge, X., Wexler, A. S., and Clegg, S. L.: Atmospheric amines – Part I. A review, Atmos. Environ., 45, 524–546, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.10.012, 2011.
Ge, Y., Liu, Y., Chu, B., He, H., Chen, T., Wang, S., Wei, W., and Cheng, S.: Ozonolysis of Trimethylamine Exchanged with Typical Ammonium Salts in the Particle Phase, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 11076–11084, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04375, 2016.
Gioda, A., Reyes-Rodríguez, G. J., Santos-Figueroa, G., Collett, J. L., Decesari, S., Ramos, M. D. C. K. V., Bezerra Netto, H. J. C., De Aquino Neto, F. R., and Mayol-Bracero, O. L.: Speciation of water-soluble inorganic, organic, and total nitrogen in a background marine environment: Cloud water, rainwater, and aerosol particles, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D05203, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015010, 2011.
Grace, D. N., Sharp, J. R., Holappa, R. E., Lugos, E. N., Sebold, M. B., Griffith, D. R., Hendrickson, H. P., and Galloway, M. M.: Heterocyclic Product Formation in Aqueous Brown Carbon Systems, ACS Earth Sp. Chem., 3, 2472–2481, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00235, 2019.
Grace, D. N., Lugos, E. N., Ma, S., Griffith, D. R., Hendrickson, H. P., Woo, J. L., and Galloway, M. M.: Brown Carbon Formation Potential of the Biacetyl-Ammonium Sulfate Reaction System, ACS Earth Sp. Chem., 4, 1104–1113, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00096, 2020.
Hallquist, M., Wenger, J. C., Baltensperger, U., Rudich, Y., Simpson, D., Claeys, M., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., George, C., Goldstein, A. H., Hamilton, J. F., Herrmann, H., Hoffmann, T., Iinuma, Y., Jang, M., Jenkin, M. E., Jimenez, J. L., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Maenhaut, W., McFiggans, G., Mentel, Th. F., Monod, A., Prévôt, A. S. H., Seinfeld, J. H., Surratt, J. D., Szmigielski, R., and Wildt, J.: The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5155–5236, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5155-2009, 2009.
Hems, R. F. and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Aqueous Phase Photo-oxidation of Brown Carbon Nitrophenols: Reaction Kinetics, Mechanism, and Evolution of Light Absorption, ACS Earth Sp. Chem., 2, 225–234, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.7b00123, 2018.
Herrmann, H., Schaefer, T., Tilgner, A., Styler, S. A., Weller, C., Teich, M., and Otto, T.: Tropospheric Aqueous-Phase Chemistry: Kinetics, Mechanisms, and Its Coupling to a Changing Gas Phase, Chem. Rev., 115, 4259–4334, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500447k, 2015.
Jerrett, M., Burnett, R. T., Pope, C. A., Ito, K., Thurston, G., Krewski, D., Shi, Y., Calle, E., and Thun, M.: Long-term ozone exposure and mortality, New Engl. J. Med., 360, 1085–1095, https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0803894, 2009.
Juncosa Calahorrano, J. F., Lindaas, J., O'Dell, K., Palm, B. B., Peng, Q., Flocke, F., Pollack, I. B., Garofalo, L. A., Farmer, D. K., Pierce, J. R., Collett, J. L., Weinheimer, A., Campos, T., Hornbrook, R. S., Hall, S. R., Ullmann, K., Pothier, M. A., Apel, E. C., Permar, W., Hu, L., Hills, A. J., Montzka, D., Tyndall, G., Thornton, J. A., and Fischer, E. V.: Daytime Oxidized Reactive Nitrogen Partitioning in Western U. S. Wildfire Smoke Plumes, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033484, 2021.
Khare, P. and Gentner, D. R.: Considering the future of anthropogenic gas-phase organic compound emissions and the increasing influence of non-combustion sources on urban air quality, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 5391–5413, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5391-2018, 2018.
Khare, P., Marcotte, A., Sheu, R., Walsh, A. N., Ditto, J. C., and Gentner, D. R.: Advances in offline approaches for trace measurements of complex organic compound mixtures via soft ionization and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 1598, 163–174, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2019.03.037, 2019.
Kieloaho, A. J., Hellén, H., Hakola, H., Manninen, H. E., Nieminen, T., Kulmala, M., and Pihlatie, M.: Gas-phase alkylamines in a boreal Scots pine forest air, Atmos. Environ., 80, 369–377, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.08.019, 2013.
Kilian, J. and Kitazawa, M.: The emerging risk of exposure to air pollution on cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease – Evidence from epidemiological and animal studies, Biomed. J., 41, 141–162, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2018.06.001, 2018.
Kim, H., Collier, S., Ge, X., Xu, J., Sun, Y., Jiang, W., Wang, Y., Herckes, P., and Zhang, Q.: Chemical processing of water-soluble species and formation of secondary organic aerosol in fogs, Atmos. Environ., 200, 158–166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.11.062, 2019.
Kind, T. and Fiehn, O.: Seven Golden Rules for heuristic filtering of molecular formulas obtained by accurate mass spectrometry, BMC Bioinformatics, 8, 105, https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-8-105, 2007.
Laskin, A., Laskin, J., and Nizkorodov, S. A.: Chemistry of Atmospheric Brown Carbon, Chem. Rev., 115, 4335–4382, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5006167, 2015.
LeClair, J. P., Collett, J. L., and Mazzoleni, L. R.: Fragmentation analysis of water-soluble atmospheric organic matter using ultrahigh-resolution FT-ICR mass spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 4312–4322, https://doi.org/10.1021/es203509b, 2012.
Leslie, M. D., Ridoli, M., Murphy, J. G., and Borduas-Dedekind, N.: Isocyanic acid (HNCO) and its fate in the atmosphere: A review, Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts, 21, 793–808, https://doi.org/10.1039/c9em00003h, 2019.
Li, Y., Pöschl, U., and Shiraiwa, M.: Molecular corridors and parameterizations of volatility in the chemical evolution of organic aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3327–3344, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3327-2016, 2016.
Liebmann, J., Sobanski, N., Schuladen, J., Karu, E., Hellén, H., Hakola, H., Zha, Q., Ehn, M., Riva, M., Heikkinen, L., Williams, J., Fischer, H., Lelieveld, J., and Crowley, J. N.: Alkyl nitrates in the boreal forest: formation via the NO3-, OH- and O3-induced oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds and ambient lifetimes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 10391–10403, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10391-2019, 2019.
Lim, S., McArdell, C. S., and von Gunten, U.: Reactions of aliphatic amines with ozone: Kinetics and mechanisms, Water Res., 157, 514–528, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.089, 2019.
Lim, Y. B., Kim, H., Kim, J. Y., and Turpin, B. J.: Photochemical organonitrate formation in wet aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 12631–12647, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12631-2016, 2016.
Lin, M., Walker, J., Geron, C., and Khlystov, A.: Organic nitrogen in PM2.5 aerosol at a forest site in the Southeast US, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2145–2157, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-2145-2010, 2010.
Lin, P., Laskin, J., Nizkorodov, S. A., and Laskin, A.: Revealing Brown Carbon Chromophores Produced in Reactions of Methylglyoxal with Ammonium Sulfate, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 14257–14266, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03608, 2015.
Loza, C. L., Craven, J. S., Yee, L. D., Coggon, M. M., Schwantes, R. H., Shiraiwa, M., Zhang, X., Schilling, K. A., Ng, N. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Ziemann, P. J., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Secondary organic aerosol yields of 12-carbon alkanes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1423–1439, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1423-2014, 2014.
Mace, K. A., Kubilay, N., and Duce, R. A.: Organic nitrogen in rain and aerosol in the eastern Mediterranean atmosphere: An association with atmospheric dust, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4320, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd002997, 2003a.
Mace, K. A., Artaxo, P., and Duce, R. A.: Water-soluble organic nitrogen in Amazon Basin aerosols during the dry (biomass burning) and wet seasons, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4512, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jd003557, 2003b.
McNeill, V. F.: Aqueous organic chemistry in the atmosphere: Sources and chemical processing of organic aerosols, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 1237–1244, https://doi.org/10.1021/es5043707, 2015.
Montero-Martínez, G., Rinaldi, M., Gilardoni, S., Giulianelli, L., Paglione, M., Decesari, S., Fuzzi, S., and Facchini, M. C.: On the water-soluble organic nitrogen concentration and mass size distribution during the fog season in the Po Valley, Italy, Sci. Total Environ., 485–486, 103–109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.060, 2014.
Ng, N. L., Brown, S. S., Archibald, A. T., Atlas, E., Cohen, R. C., Crowley, J. N., Day, D. A., Donahue, N. M., Fry, J. L., Fuchs, H., Griffin, R. J., Guzman, M. I., Herrmann, H., Hodzic, A., Iinuma, Y., Jimenez, J. L., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Lee, B. H., Luecken, D. J., Mao, J., McLaren, R., Mutzel, A., Osthoff, H. D., Ouyang, B., Picquet-Varrault, B., Platt, U., Pye, H. O. T., Rudich, Y., Schwantes, R. H., Shiraiwa, M., Stutz, J., Thornton, J. A., Tilgner, A., Williams, B. J., and Zaveri, R. A.: Nitrate radicals and biogenic volatile organic compounds: oxidation, mechanisms, and organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 2103–2162, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2103-2017, 2017.
Perring, A. E., Pusede, S. E., and Cohen, R. C.: An Observational Perspective on the Atmospheric Impacts of Alkyl and Multifunctional Nitrates on Ozone and Secondary Organic Aerosol, Chem. Rev., 113, 5848–5870, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr300520x, 2013.
Pope, C. A. and Dockery, D. D.: Health Effects of Fine Particulate Air Pollution: Lines that Connect, JAPCA J. Air Waste Ma., 56, 709–742, https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2006.10464485, 2006.
Priestley, M., Le Breton, M., Bannan, T. J., Leather, K. E., Bacak, A., Reyes-Villegas, E., De Vocht, F., Shallcross, B. M. A., Brazier, T., Khan, M. A., Allan, J., Shallcross, D. E., Coe, H., and Percival, C. J.: Observations of Isocyanate, Amide, Nitrate, and Nitro Compounds From an Anthropogenic Biomass Burning Event Using a ToF-CIMS, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 7687–7704, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027316, 2018.
Pye, H. O. T., Nenes, A., Alexander, B., Ault, A. P., Barth, M. C., Clegg, S. L., Collett Jr., J. L., Fahey, K. M., Hennigan, C. J., Herrmann, H., Kanakidou, M., Kelly, J. T., Ku, I.-T., McNeill, V. F., Riemer, N., Schaefer, T., Shi, G., Tilgner, A., Walker, J. T., Wang, T., Weber, R., Xing, J., Zaveri, R. A., and Zuend, A.: The acidity of atmospheric particles and clouds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4809–4888, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4809-2020, 2020.
Quinn, P. K., Collins, D. B., Grassian, V. H., Prather, K. A., and Bates, T. S.: Chemistry and Related Properties of Freshly Emitted Sea Spray Aerosol, Chem. Rev., 115, 4383–4399, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500713g, 2015.
Rindelaub, J. D., Borca, C. H., Hostetler, M. A., Slade, J. H., Lipton, M. A., Slipchenko, L. V., and Shepson, P. B.: The acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of an α-pinene-derived organic nitrate: kinetics, products, reaction mechanisms, and atmospheric impact, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 15425–15432, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15425-2016, 2016.
Riva, M., Rantala, P., Krechmer, J. E., Peräkylä, O., Zhang, Y., Heikkinen, L., Garmash, O., Yan, C., Kulmala, M., Worsnop, D., and Ehn, M.: Evaluating the performance of five different chemical ionization techniques for detecting gaseous oxygenated organic species, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 2403–2421, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2403-2019, 2019.
Roberts, J. M., Veres, P. R., VandenBoer, T. C., Warneke, C., Graus, M., Williams, E. J., Lefer, B., Brock, C. A., Bahreini, R., Ozturk, F., Middlebrook, A. M., Wagner, N. L., Dube, W. P., and DeGouw, J. A.: New insights into atmospheric sources and sinksof isocyanic acid, HNCO, from recent urbanand regional observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 1060–1072, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD019931, 2014.
Rogers, H. M., Ditto, J. C., and Gentner, D. R.: Evidence for impacts on surface-level air quality in the northeastern US from long-distance transport of smoke from North American fires during the Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study (LISTOS) 2018, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 671–682, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-671-2020, 2020.
Ruggeri, G. and Takahama, S.: Technical Note: Development of chemoinformatic tools to enumerate functional groups in molecules for organic aerosol characterization, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4401–4422, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4401-2016, 2016.
Sander, R.: Compilation of Henry's law constants (version 4.0) for water as solvent, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 4399–4981, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-4399-2015, 2015.
Sareen, N., Schwier, A. N., Shapiro, E. L., Mitroo, D., and McNeill, V. F.: Secondary organic material formed by methylglyoxal in aqueous aerosol mimics, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 997–1016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-997-2010, 2010.
Schervish, M. and Donahue, N. M.: Peroxy radical chemistry and the volatility basis set, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 1183–1199, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1183-2020, 2020.
Schroder, J. C., Campuzano-Jost, P., Day, D. A., Shah, V., Larson, K., Sommers, J. M., Sullivan, A. P., Campos, T., Reeves, J. M., Hills, A., Hornbrook, R. S., Blake, N. J., Scheuer, E., Guo, H., Fibiger, D. L., McDuffie, E. E., Hayes, P. L., Weber, R. J., Dibb, J. E., Apel, E. C., Jaeglé, L., Brown, S. S., Thornton, J. A., and Jimenez, J. L.: Sources and Secondary Production of Organic Aerosols in the Northeastern United States during WINTER, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 7771–7796, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028475, 2018.
Schurman, M. I., Boris, A., Desyaterik, Y., and Collett, J. L.: Aqueous secondary organic aerosol formation in ambient cloud water photo-oxidations, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 18, 15–25, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2017.01.0029, 2018.
Sheu, R., Marcotte, A., Khare, P., Charan, S., Ditto, J. C., and Gentner, D. R.: Advances in offline approaches for chemically speciated measurements of trace gas-phase organic compounds via adsorbent tubes in an integrated sampling-to-analysis system, J. Chromatogr. A, 1575, 80–90, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.014, 2018.
Sintermann, J. and Neftel, A.: Ideas and perspectives: on the emission of amines from terrestrial vegetation in the context of new atmospheric particle formation, Biogeosciences, 12, 3225–3240, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3225-2015, 2015.
Sodeman, D. A., Toner, S. M., and Prather, K. A.: Determination of Single Particle Mass Spectral Signatures from Light-Duty Vehicle Emissions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 4569–4580, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.01.025, 2005.
Sullivan, A. P., Guo, H., Schroder, J. C., Campuzano-Jost, P., Jimenez, J. L., Campos, T., Shah, V., Jaeglé, L., Lee, B. H., Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D., Thornton, J. A., Brown, S. S., and Weber, R. J.: Biomass Burning Markers and Residential Burning in the WINTER Aircraft Campaign, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 1846–1861, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JD028153, 2019.
Takeuchi, M. and Ng, N. L.: Organic nitrates and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds, ACS Symp. Ser. Multiph. Environ. Chem. Atmos., 1299, 105–125, https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2018-1299.ch006, 2018.
Tao, Y., Liu, T., Yang, X., and Murphy, J. G.: Kinetics and Products of the Aqueous Phase Oxidation of Triethylamine by OH, ACS Earth Sp. Chem., 5, 1889–1895, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00162, 2021.
United States Environmental Protection Agency: Historical Exceedance Days in New England, Reg. 1 EPA New Engl., https://www3.epa.gov/region1/airquality/standard.html (last access: 14 August 2021), 2020.
van Pinxteren, M., Müller, C., Iinuma, Y., Stolle, C., and Herrmann, H.: Chemical Characterization of Dissolved Organic Compounds from Coastal Sea Surface Microlayers (Baltic Sea, Germany), Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 10455–10462, https://doi.org/10.1021/es204492b, 2012.
van Pinxteren, M., Fomba, K. W., van Pinxteren, D., Triesch, N., Hoffmann, E. H., Cree, C. H. L., Fitzsimons, M. F., von Tümpling, W., and Herrmann, H.: Aliphatic amines at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory: Abundance, origins and sea-air fluxes, Atmos. Environ., 203, 183–195, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.02.011, 2019.
VandenBoer, T. C., Petroff, A., Markovic, M. Z., and Murphy, J. G.: Size distribution of alkyl amines in continental particulate matter and their online detection in the gas and particle phase, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 4319–4332, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-4319-2011, 2011.
Vidović, K., Lašič Jurković, D., Šala, M., Kroflič, A., and Grgić, I.: Nighttime Aqueous-Phase Formation of Nitrocatechols in the Atmospheric Condensed Phase, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 9722–9730, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b01161, 2018.
Warneke, C., McKeen, S. A., de Gouw, J. A., Goldan, P. D., Kuster, W. C., Holloway, J. S., Williams, E. J., Lerner, B. M., Parrish, D. D., Trainer, M., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Kato, S., Atlas, E. L., Baker, A., and Blake, D. R.: Determination of urban volatile organic compound emission ratios and comparison with an emissions database, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007930, 2007.
Wozniak, A. S., Willoughby, A. S., Gurganus, S. C., and Hatcher, P. G.: Distinguishing molecular characteristics of aerosol water soluble organic matter from the 2011 trans-North Atlantic US GEOTRACES cruise, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 8419–8434, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8419-2014, 2014.
Wu, C., Wen, Y., Hua, L., Jiang, J., Xie, Y., Cao, Y., Chai, S., Hou, K., and Li, H.: Rapid and highly sensitive measurement of trimethylamine in seawater using dynamic purge-release and dopant-assisted atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1137, 56–63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2020.08.060, 2020.
Xu, Y., Miyazaki, Y., Tachibana, E., Sato, K., Ramasamy, S., Mochizuki, T., Sadanaga, Y., Nakashima, Y., Sakamoto, Y., Matsuda, K., and Kajii, Y.: Aerosol Liquid Water Promotes the Formation of Water-Soluble Organic Nitrogen in Submicrometer Aerosols in a Suburban Forest, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 1406–1414, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b05849, 2020.
Ye, C., Zhou, X., Pu, D., Stutz, J., Festa, J., Spolaor, M., Tsai, C., Cantrell, C., Mauldin, R. L., Campos, T., Weinheimer, A., Hornbrook, R. S., Apel, E. C., Guenther, A., Kaser, L., Yuan, B., Karl, T., Haggerty, J., Hall, S., Ullmann, K., Smith, J. N., Ortega, J., and Knote, C.: Rapid cycling of reactive nitrogen in the marine boundary layer, Nature, 532, 489–491, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17195, 2016.
Youn, J. S., Crosbie, E., Maudlin, L. C., Wang, Z., and Sorooshian, A.: Dimethylamine as a major alkyl amine species in particles and cloud water: Observations in semi-arid and coastal regions, Atmos. Environ., 122, 250–258, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.09.061, 2015.
Yu, L., Smith, J., Laskin, A., George, K. M., Anastasio, C., Laskin, J., Dillner, A. M., and Zhang, Q.: Molecular transformations of phenolic SOA during photochemical aging in the aqueous phase: competition among oligomerization, functionalization, and fragmentation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4511–4527, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4511-2016, 2016.
Zhang, J., Ninneman, M., Joseph, E., Schwab, M. J., Shrestha, B., and Schwab, J. J.: Mobile Laboratory Measurements of High Surface Ozone Levels and Spatial Heterogeneity During LISTOS 2018: Evidence for Sea Breeze Influence, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031961, 2020.
Zhang, Q., Anastasio, C., and Jimenez-Cruz, M.: Water-soluble organic nitrogen in atmospheric fine particles (PM2.5) from northern California, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jd000870, 2002.
Zhao, Y., Hallar, A. G., and Mazzoleni, L. R.: Atmospheric organic matter in clouds: exact masses and molecular formula identification using ultrahigh-resolution FT-ICR mass spectrometry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 12343–12362, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-12343-2013, 2013.
Zhou, S., Collier, S., Xu, J., Mei, F., Wang, J., Lee, Y.-N., Sedlacek, A. J., Springston, S. R., Sun, Y., and Zhang, Q.: Influences of upwind emission sources and atmospheric processing on aerosol chemistry and properties at a rural location in the Northeastern U. S., J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 6049–6065, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024568, 2016.
Short summary
We analyzed gases and aerosols sampled in summer and winter in a coastal region that is often downwind of urban areas and observed large contributions of nitrogen-containing organic compounds influenced by a mix of biogenic, anthropogenic, and/or marine sources as well as photochemical and aqueous-phase atmospheric processes. The results show the prevalence of key reduced and oxidized nitrogen functional groups and advance knowledge on the chemical structure of nitrogen-containing compounds.
We analyzed gases and aerosols sampled in summer and winter in a coastal region that is often...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint