Enhanced sulfur in the upper troposphere and  lower stratosphere in spring 2020

Tomsche, Laura; Marsing, Andreas; Jurkat-Witschas, Tina; Lucke, Johannes; Kaufmann, Stefan; Kaiser, Katharina; Schneider, Johannes; Scheibe, Monika; Schlager, Hans; Röder, Lenard; Fischer, Horst; Obersteiner, Florian; Zahn, Andreas; Zöger, Martin; Lelieveld, Jos; Voigt, Christiane

doi:10.5194/acp-22-15135-2022

Articles | Volume 22, issue 22

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15135-2022

© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Special issue:

BLUESKY atmospheric composition measurements by aircraft during...

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15135-2022

© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 22, issue 22

Research article

|

28 Nov 2022

Research article |

| 28 Nov 2022

Enhanced sulfur in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in spring 2020

Laura Tomsche, Andreas Marsing, Tina Jurkat-Witschas, Johannes Lucke, Stefan Kaufmann, Katharina Kaiser, Johannes Schneider, Monika Scheibe, Hans Schlager, Lenard Röder, Horst Fischer, Florian Obersteiner, Andreas Zahn, Martin Zöger, Jos Lelieveld, and Christiane Voigt

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Nov 2022	122	35	3	160
Dec 2022	264	62	2	328
Jan 2023	68	24	0	92
Feb 2023	54	28	0	82
Mar 2023	40	16	1	57
Apr 2023	25	21	2	48
May 2023	24	12	1	37
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Jul 2023	36	16	4	56
Aug 2023	21	21	0	42
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Nov 2023	12	5	0	17
Dec 2023	30	18	2	50
Jan 2024	21	19	0	40
Feb 2024	29	15	0	44
Mar 2024	34	25	2	61
Apr 2024	33	11	2	46
May 2024	34	13	5	52
Jun 2024	66	16	0	82
Jul 2024	53	9	2	64
Aug 2024	35	16	5	56
Sep 2024	39	6	0	45
Oct 2024	26	6	0	32
Nov 2024	14	11	1	26
Dec 2024	12	12	0	24
Jan 2025	32	26	0	58
Feb 2025	31	17	0	48
Mar 2025	33	14	0	47
Apr 2025	20	37	0	57
May 2025	67	20	1	88
Jun 2025	71	45	8	124
Jul 2025	45	18	3	66
Aug 2025	73	24	1	98
Sep 2025	137	29	2	168
Oct 2025	54	29	0	83
Nov 2025	64	31	3	98
Dec 2025	73	41	1	115
Jan 2026	91	47	6	144
Feb 2026	91	48	2	141
Mar 2026	77	49	4	130
Apr 2026	87	77	6	170
May 2026	66	19	5	90
Jun 2026	15	3	5	23

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 25 Apr 2022)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Apr 2022	71	17	4	92
May 2022	74	17	2	93
Jun 2022	19	10	1	30
Jul 2022	39	20	2	61
Aug 2022	27	15	2	44
Sep 2022	27	10	0	37
Oct 2022	21	7	0	28
Nov 2022	122	35	3	160
Dec 2022	264	62	2	328
Jan 2023	68	24	0	92
Feb 2023	54	28	0	82
Mar 2023	40	16	1	57
Apr 2023	25	21	2	48
May 2023	24	12	1	37
Jun 2023	31	12	2	45
Jul 2023	36	16	4	56
Aug 2023	21	21	0	42
Sep 2023	25	13	2	40
Oct 2023	34	9	1	44
Nov 2023	12	5	0	17
Dec 2023	30	18	2	50
Jan 2024	21	19	0	40
Feb 2024	29	15	0	44
Mar 2024	34	25	2	61
Apr 2024	33	11	2	46
May 2024	34	13	5	52
Jun 2024	66	16	0	82
Jul 2024	53	9	2	64
Aug 2024	35	16	5	56
Sep 2024	39	6	0	45
Oct 2024	26	6	0	32
Nov 2024	14	11	1	26
Dec 2024	12	12	0	24
Jan 2025	32	26	0	58
Feb 2025	31	17	0	48
Mar 2025	33	14	0	47
Apr 2025	20	37	0	57
May 2025	67	20	1	88
Jun 2025	71	45	8	124
Jul 2025	45	18	3	66
Aug 2025	73	24	1	98
Sep 2025	137	29	2	168
Oct 2025	54	29	0	83
Nov 2025	64	31	3	98
Dec 2025	73	41	1	115
Jan 2026	91	47	6	144
Feb 2026	91	48	2	141
Mar 2026	77	49	4	130
Apr 2026	87	77	6	170
May 2026	66	19	5	90
Jun 2026	15	3	5	23

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Short summary

The detection of sulfur compounds in the upper troposphere (UT) and lower stratosphere (LS) is a challenge. In-flight measurements of SO₂ and sulfate aerosol were performed during the BLUESKY mission in spring 2020 under exceptional atmospheric conditions. Reduced sinks in the dry UTLS and lower but still significant air traffic influenced the enhanced SO₂ in the UT, and aged volcanic plumes enhanced the LS sulfate aerosol impacting the atmospheric radiation budget and global climate.