Articles | Volume 22, issue 21
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14323-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14323-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
The climate impact of hydrogen-powered hypersonic transport
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Aircraft Noise and Climate Effect, Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft, the Netherlands
Didier Hauglustaine
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE-IPSL (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Yann Cohen
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE-IPSL (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Patrick Jöckel
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Volker Grewe
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Aircraft Noise and Climate Effect, Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft, the Netherlands
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9 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Evaluation of modelled climatologies of O3, CO, water vapour and NOy in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere using regular in situ observations by passenger aircraft Y. Cohen et al. 10.5194/acp-23-14973-2023
- Sensitivities of atmospheric composition and climate to altitude and latitude of hypersonic aircraft emissions J. Pletzer & V. Grewe 10.5194/acp-24-1743-2024
- Emission location affects impacts on atmosphere and climate from alternative fuels for Norwegian domestic aviation J. Klenner et al. 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2024.100301
- NOx emissions estimation methodology for air-breathing reusable access to space vehicle in conceptual design R. Fusaro et al. 10.1016/j.actaastro.2023.12.060
- Analytical formulations for nitrogen oxides emissions estimation of a hydrogen fueled Synergetic Air-Breathing Rocket Engine (SABRE) in air-breathing mode R. Fusaro et al. 10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.11.061
- The contribution of transport emissions to ozone mixing ratios and methane lifetime in 2015 and 2050 in the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) M. Mertens et al. 10.5194/acp-24-12079-2024
- An examination of high-speed aircraft – Part 1: Past, Present, and Future L. Pollock & G. Wild 10.1016/j.treng.2024.100290
- Multi-model assessment of the atmospheric and radiative effects of supersonic transport aircraft J. van 't Hoff et al. 10.5194/acp-25-2515-2025
- Contrail formation on ambient aerosol particles for aircraft with hydrogen combustion: a box model trajectory study A. Bier et al. 10.5194/acp-24-2319-2024
2 citations as recorded by crossref.
Latest update: 09 Mar 2025
Executive editor
Emissions from conventional aircraft contribute to climate change by forming contrails and by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. To fly faster and reduce the climate impact, super- or hypersonic aircraft fuelled by liquid hydrogen or natural gas are being considered. Hypersonic aircraft would fly at more than Mach 4 in the stratosphere, up to 35 km altitude, where the peak of the ozone layer resides. The paper by Pletzer et al. presents a thorough study of the chemical and radiative impacts of such high-speed aircraft using two chemistry-climate models. The study shows that hypersonic aircraft fuelled by liquid hydrogen and cruising at such altitudes would contribute to a significant global warming although they do not emit CO2. The main radiative effect comes from additional water vapour, with only a small effect from depletion of the ozone layer. Importantly, the authors discovered that although water vapour is destroyed in the stratosphere, perturbation of local photochemistry also creates water vapour. The authors estimate that the mean surface temperature change caused by a hypersonic transport fleet would be roughly 8-20 times larger than for a subsonic reference aircraft with the same transport volume. This comprehensive study provides convincing calculations for a large climatic effect of any future hydrogen-fuelled hypersonic aircraft fleet.
Emissions from conventional aircraft contribute to climate change by forming contrails and by...
Short summary
Very fast aircraft can travel long distances in extremely short times and can fly at high altitudes (15 to 35 km). These aircraft emit water vapour, nitrogen oxides, and hydrogen. Water vapour emissions remain for months to several years at these altitudes and have an important impact on temperature. We investigate two aircraft fleets flying at 26 and 35 km. Ozone is depleted more, and the water vapour perturbation and temperature change are larger for the aircraft flying at 35 km.
Very fast aircraft can travel long distances in extremely short times and can fly at high...
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