Articles | Volume 22, issue 21
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14323-2022
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14323-2022
Research article
 | Highlight paper
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08 Nov 2022
Research article | Highlight paper |  | 08 Nov 2022

The climate impact of hydrogen-powered hypersonic transport

Johannes Pletzer, Didier Hauglustaine, Yann Cohen, Patrick Jöckel, and Volker Grewe

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Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-285', Anonymous Referee #1, 16 Jun 2022
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-285', Anonymous Referee #2, 26 Jun 2022
  • RC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-285', Anonymous Referee #3, 01 Jul 2022
  • AC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-285', Johannes Pletzer, 08 Aug 2022
    • AC2: 'Reply on AC1', Johannes Pletzer, 15 Sep 2022

Peer review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision | EF: Editorial file upload
AR by Johannes Pletzer on behalf of the Authors (09 Aug 2022)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (10 Aug 2022) by Farahnaz Khosrawi
RR by Anonymous Referee #3 (25 Aug 2022)
ED: Publish subject to minor revisions (review by editor) (25 Aug 2022) by Farahnaz Khosrawi
AR by Johannes Pletzer on behalf of the Authors (15 Sep 2022)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Publish subject to technical corrections (16 Sep 2022) by Farahnaz Khosrawi
AR by Johannes Pletzer on behalf of the Authors (03 Oct 2022)  Author's response   Manuscript 
Executive editor
Emissions from conventional aircraft contribute to climate change by forming contrails and by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. To fly faster and reduce the climate impact, super- or hypersonic aircraft fuelled by liquid hydrogen or natural gas are being considered. Hypersonic aircraft would fly at more than Mach 4 in the stratosphere, up to 35 km altitude, where the peak of the ozone layer resides. The paper by Pletzer et al. presents a thorough study of the chemical and radiative impacts of such high-speed aircraft using two chemistry-climate models. The study shows that hypersonic aircraft fuelled by liquid hydrogen and cruising at such altitudes would contribute to a significant global warming although they do not emit CO2. The main radiative effect comes from additional water vapour, with only a small effect from depletion of the ozone layer. Importantly, the authors discovered that although water vapour is destroyed in the stratosphere, perturbation of local photochemistry also creates water vapour. The authors estimate that the mean surface temperature change caused by a hypersonic transport fleet would be roughly 8-20 times larger than for a subsonic reference aircraft with the same transport volume. This comprehensive study provides convincing calculations for a large climatic effect of any future hydrogen-fuelled hypersonic aircraft fleet.
Short summary
Very fast aircraft can travel long distances in extremely short times and can fly at high altitudes (15 to 35 km). These aircraft emit water vapour, nitrogen oxides, and hydrogen. Water vapour emissions remain for months to several years at these altitudes and have an important impact on temperature. We investigate two aircraft fleets flying at 26 and 35 km. Ozone is depleted more, and the water vapour perturbation and temperature change are larger for the aircraft flying at 35 km.
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