Articles | Volume 21, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9151-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9151-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
16 Jun 2021
Research article |
| 16 Jun 2021
| 16 Jun 2021
Influence of weather situation on non-CO2 aviation climate effects: the REACT4C climate change functions
Christine Frömming
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Volker Grewe
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Delft University of Technology, Aerospace Engineering, Section Aircraft Noise and Climate Effects, Delft, the Netherlands
Sabine Brinkop
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Patrick Jöckel
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Amund S. Haslerud
Center for International Climate and Environmental Research – Oslo (CICERO), Oslo, Norway
Simon Rosanka
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Delft University of Technology, Aerospace Engineering, Section Aircraft Noise and Climate Effects, Delft, the Netherlands
now at: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-8: Troposphere, Jülich, Germany
Jesper van Manen
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Delft University of Technology, Aerospace Engineering, Section Aircraft Noise and Climate Effects, Delft, the Netherlands
now at: Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, The Hague, the Netherlands
Sigrun Matthes
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
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Cited
28 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Operational Improvements to Reduce the Climate Impact of Aviation—A Comparative Study from EU Project ClimOP Z. Zengerling et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13169083
- Effect of Engine Design Parameters on the Climate Impact of Aircraft: A Case Study Based on Short-Medium Range Mission H. Saluja et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10121004
- Sustainable aviation in the context of the Paris Agreement: A review of prospective scenarios and their technological mitigation levers S. Delbecq et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100920
- Movilidad creativa en el siglo XXI: repensando el viaje desde el ecofeminismo A. Dot https://doi.org/10.1344/regac2025.11.52394
- Transport patterns of global aviation NOx and their short-term O3 radiative forcing – a machine learning approach J. Maruhashi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14253-2022
- Consumption-based responsibility for global warming and the distribution of impacts of swiss climate policy F. Landis https://doi.org/10.1186/s41937-025-00140-x
- Decision-making strategies implemented in SolFinder 1.0 to identify eco-efficient aircraft trajectories: application study in AirTraf 3.0 F. Castino et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4031-2024
- Regional and seasonal impact of hydrogen propulsion systems on potential contrail cirrus cover S. Kaufmann et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2024.100298
- Pathways for including non-carbon dioxide aviation climate effects in the European Emission Trading System V. Grewe et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-03265-w
- Influence of temperature and humidity on contrail formation regions in the general circulation model EMAC: a spring case study P. Peter et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5911-2025
- Biofuels in Aviation: Exploring the Impact of Sustainable Aviation Fuels in Aircraft Engines R. Khujamberdiev & H. Cho https://doi.org/10.3390/en17112650
- A Python library for computing individual and merged non-CO2 algorithmic climate change functions: CLIMaCCF V1.0 S. Dietmüller et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4405-2023
- Alternative climate metrics to the Global Warming Potential are more suitable for assessing aviation non-CO2 effects L. Megill et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01423-6
- A multi-method assessment of the regional sensitivities between flight altitude and short-term O3 climate warming from aircraft NO x emissions J. Maruhashi et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad376a
- Case Study for Testing the Validity of NOx-Ozone Algorithmic Climate Change Functions for Optimising Flight Trajectories P. Rao et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9050231
- Emission location affects impacts on atmosphere and climate from alternative fuels for Norwegian domestic aviation J. Klenner et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2024.100301
- Monitoring and benchmarking Earth system model simulations with ESMValTool v2.12.0 A. Lauer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1169-2025
- Note on the Non-CO2 Mitigation Potential of Hybrid-Electric Aircraft Using “Eco-Switch” M. Niklaß et al. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.C036826
- Differences in microphysical properties of cirrus at high and mid-latitudes E. De La Torre Castro et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13167-2023
- Uncertainties in mitigating aviation non-CO2 emissions for climate and air quality using hydrocarbon fuels D. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EA00091E
- AIRTRAC v2.0: a Lagrangian aerosol tagging submodel for the analysis of aviation SO4 transport patterns J. Maruhashi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2747-2026
- Predicting the climate impact of aviation for en-route emissions: the algorithmic climate change function submodel ACCF 1.0 of EMAC 2.53 F. Yin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3313-2023
- Concept of climate-charged airspaces: a potential policy instrument for internalizing aviation's climate impact of non-CO2 effects M. Niklaß et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2021.1950602
- The ozone radiative forcing of nitrogen oxide emissions from aviation can be estimated using a probabilistic approach P. Rao et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01691-2
- Forecasting contrail climate forcing for flight planning and air traffic management applications: the CocipGrid model in pycontrails 0.51.0 Z. Engberg et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-253-2025
- A comprehensive well-to-wake climate impact assessment of sustainable aviation fuel L. Boerboom et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13445-x
- Validating Dynamic Sectorization for Air Traffic Control Due to Climate Sensitive Areas: Designing Effective Air Traffic Control Strategies N. Ahrenhold et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10050405
- Atmospheric chemistry regimes in intercontinental air traffic corridors: Ozone versus NOx sensitivity R. Derwent et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120521
28 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Operational Improvements to Reduce the Climate Impact of Aviation—A Comparative Study from EU Project ClimOP Z. Zengerling et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13169083
- Effect of Engine Design Parameters on the Climate Impact of Aircraft: A Case Study Based on Short-Medium Range Mission H. Saluja et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10121004
- Sustainable aviation in the context of the Paris Agreement: A review of prospective scenarios and their technological mitigation levers S. Delbecq et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100920
- Movilidad creativa en el siglo XXI: repensando el viaje desde el ecofeminismo A. Dot https://doi.org/10.1344/regac2025.11.52394
- Transport patterns of global aviation NOx and their short-term O3 radiative forcing – a machine learning approach J. Maruhashi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14253-2022
- Consumption-based responsibility for global warming and the distribution of impacts of swiss climate policy F. Landis https://doi.org/10.1186/s41937-025-00140-x
- Decision-making strategies implemented in SolFinder 1.0 to identify eco-efficient aircraft trajectories: application study in AirTraf 3.0 F. Castino et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4031-2024
- Regional and seasonal impact of hydrogen propulsion systems on potential contrail cirrus cover S. Kaufmann et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2024.100298
- Pathways for including non-carbon dioxide aviation climate effects in the European Emission Trading System V. Grewe et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-03265-w
- Influence of temperature and humidity on contrail formation regions in the general circulation model EMAC: a spring case study P. Peter et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5911-2025
- Biofuels in Aviation: Exploring the Impact of Sustainable Aviation Fuels in Aircraft Engines R. Khujamberdiev & H. Cho https://doi.org/10.3390/en17112650
- A Python library for computing individual and merged non-CO2 algorithmic climate change functions: CLIMaCCF V1.0 S. Dietmüller et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4405-2023
- Alternative climate metrics to the Global Warming Potential are more suitable for assessing aviation non-CO2 effects L. Megill et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01423-6
- A multi-method assessment of the regional sensitivities between flight altitude and short-term O3 climate warming from aircraft NO x emissions J. Maruhashi et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad376a
- Case Study for Testing the Validity of NOx-Ozone Algorithmic Climate Change Functions for Optimising Flight Trajectories P. Rao et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9050231
- Emission location affects impacts on atmosphere and climate from alternative fuels for Norwegian domestic aviation J. Klenner et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2024.100301
- Monitoring and benchmarking Earth system model simulations with ESMValTool v2.12.0 A. Lauer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1169-2025
- Note on the Non-CO2 Mitigation Potential of Hybrid-Electric Aircraft Using “Eco-Switch” M. Niklaß et al. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.C036826
- Differences in microphysical properties of cirrus at high and mid-latitudes E. De La Torre Castro et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13167-2023
- Uncertainties in mitigating aviation non-CO2 emissions for climate and air quality using hydrocarbon fuels D. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EA00091E
- AIRTRAC v2.0: a Lagrangian aerosol tagging submodel for the analysis of aviation SO4 transport patterns J. Maruhashi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2747-2026
- Predicting the climate impact of aviation for en-route emissions: the algorithmic climate change function submodel ACCF 1.0 of EMAC 2.53 F. Yin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3313-2023
- Concept of climate-charged airspaces: a potential policy instrument for internalizing aviation's climate impact of non-CO2 effects M. Niklaß et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2021.1950602
- The ozone radiative forcing of nitrogen oxide emissions from aviation can be estimated using a probabilistic approach P. Rao et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01691-2
- Forecasting contrail climate forcing for flight planning and air traffic management applications: the CocipGrid model in pycontrails 0.51.0 Z. Engberg et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-253-2025
- A comprehensive well-to-wake climate impact assessment of sustainable aviation fuel L. Boerboom et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13445-x
- Validating Dynamic Sectorization for Air Traffic Control Due to Climate Sensitive Areas: Designing Effective Air Traffic Control Strategies N. Ahrenhold et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10050405
- Atmospheric chemistry regimes in intercontinental air traffic corridors: Ozone versus NOx sensitivity R. Derwent et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120521
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 07 Jun 2026
Short summary
The influence of weather situations on non-CO2 aviation climate impact is investigated to identify systematic weather-related sensitivities. If aircraft avoid the most sensitive areas, climate impact might be reduced. Enhanced significance is found for emission in relation to high-pressure systems, jet stream, polar night, and tropopause altitude. The results represent a comprehensive data set for studies aiming at weather-dependent flight trajectory optimization to reduce total climate impact.
The influence of weather situations on non-CO2 aviation climate impact is investigated to...
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